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  • 05.09. Miscellaneous  (7)
  • 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous  (6)
  • Bacteria  (5)
  • Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  (12)
  • Freie Universität Berlin  (4)
  • American Chemical Society
Collection
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Novel measurement technologies, additional sensors and increasing data processing capacities offer new opportunities to answer some of the currently most pressing societal and environmental questions. They also contribute to the fact that the available data volume will continue to increase. At the same time, the requirements for those providing such data rise and the needs of users to access it. The EPOS Delivery Framework aims to support this endeavour in the solid Earth domain by providing access to data, products, and services supporting multidisciplinary analyses for a wide range of users. Based on this example, we look at the most pressing issues from when data, products, and services are made accessible, to access principles, ethical issues related to its collection and use as well as with respect to their promotion. Among many peculiarities, we shed light on a common component that affects all fields equally: change. Not only will the amount and type of data, products, and services change, but so will the societal expectations and providers capabilities.
    Description: Published
    Description: DM212
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: EPOS delivery framework ; access ; ethics ; communication ; user ; provider ; 05.09. Miscellaneous ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 05.02. Data dissemination
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-06-07
    Description: AA. VV., (2020). Progetto “Sale Operative Integrate e Reti di monitoraggio del futuro: l’INGV 2.0”. Report finale. Editors: L. Margheriti, F. Cirillo, F. Guglielmino, M. Moretti. Misc. INGV, 57: 1186, https://doi.org/10.13127/misc/57
    Description: Una buona comunicazione è un’attività strategica per un istituto di ricerca come l’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). Ancora di più lo è quella che riguarda le attività svolte e i risultati conseguiti dalle Sale Operative, su cui si basa la sorveglianza sismica e vulcanica in Italia. Tutte le informazioni relative a fenomeni in corso potenzialmente pericolosi sono accolte con grande interesse e spesso sono oggetto di attenta valutazione da parte delle popolazioni residenti così come dalle istituzioni. In questi casi, una comunicazione efficace non è soltanto opportuna, ma necessaria a garantire una corretta informazione, a creare e mantenere un rapporto di fiducia con la popolazione e a diventare un autorevole punto di riferimento per le notizie relative alla pericolosità sismica e vulcanica. Queste premesse sono necessarie anche per poter contrastare efficacemente il diffondersi di notizie prive di fondamento, o distorte da interessi diversi dalla diffusione della conoscenza scientifica. Le attività svolte e i dati prodotti nelle Sale Operative sono fortemente diversificati. L’Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti (ONT) gestisce la Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN), gli Osservatori Vesuviano (OV) ed Etneo (OE) gestiscono reti di monitoraggio multidisciplinari installate su aree vulcaniche attive. In particolare, l’ONT effettua la sorveglianza sismica del territorio nazionale e delle aree limitrofe e, dal 2017, anche il servizio di Allerta Tsunami del CAT per il monitoraggio dei grandi terremoti a scala globale, con particolare attenzione al Mar Mediterraneo, nell’ambito delle attività dell’ICG/NEAMTWS; l’INGVOV effettua la sorveglianza vulcanica per le tre aree del SommaVesuvio, dei Campi Flegrei e dell’isola d’Ischia e la sola sorveglianza sismica per Stromboli; l’INGVOE svolge la sorveglianza sismica e vulcanica per l’area etnea, per Pantelleria e per le Isole Eolie, collaborando con l’INGVOV per la parte sismologica di Stromboli. Le Sale Operative sono il cuore della sorveglianza sismica e vulcanica in Italia, operano ininterrottamente grazie alla rotazione di personale specializzato, organizzata su turni H24, in ogni giorno dell’anno. Si tratta di un sistema complesso, la cui operatività si basa sulla ricezione, elaborazione, comunicazione ed archiviazione di dati che provengono dai sensori delle reti di monitoraggio, distribuite sul territorio nazionale in ragione delle diverse tipologie di fenomeni attesi. Procedure concordate con il Dipartimento di Protezione Civile (DPC) consentono di informare tempestivamente le autorità preposte al variare di specifici parametri. La sorveglianza sismica e vulcanica è garantita dal monitoraggio continuo e simultaneo di diversi parametri, e dalla loro corretta interpretazione. Ciò è possibile anche grazie ad un continuo sforzo tecnologico volto a migliorare l’acquisizione, la trasmissione e l’elaborazione dei segnali, ed alla ricerca scientifica che interpreta i segnali osservati nel quadro coerente delle conoscenze relative ai diversi contesti geologici che caratterizzano il territorio nazionale. La comunicazione al pubblico dei prodotti delle Sale è svolta attraverso la pubblicazione sul sito web dell’Istituto e delle sue sezioni di dati vulcanologici, sismologici, geodetici e geochimici. Mostrare cosa fanno le Sale Operative dell’INGV permette ai cittadini di comprendere quali risorse e competenze vengono spese per garantire la sorveglianza sismica e vulcanica del territorio. L’adozione di soluzioni innovative, con prevalenza di sintetiche rappresentazioni grafiche consente di inserire le informazioni prodotte dalle Sale nel giusto contesto, favorendo così una migliore comprensione del dato geologico e delle sue implicazioni a un pubblico di non esperti. In questo testo si illustra la progettazione e realizzazione di infografiche dedicate alle attività e ai prodotti delle Sale Operative dell’INGV.
    Description: Published
    Description: 179-182
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Sale Operative INGV ; Infografiche ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-06-07
    Description: AA. VV., (2020). Progetto “Sale Operative Integrate e Reti di monitoraggio del futuro: l’INGV 2.0”. Report finale. Editors: L. Margheriti, F. Cirillo, F. Guglielmino, M. Moretti. Misc. INGV, 57: 1186, https://doi.org/10.13127/misc/57
    Description: Nel 2012, a seguito della sequenza sismica in Emilia Romagna, l’INGV decise di migliorare la sua comunicazione sulla sismicità in corso creando un blog di informazione sui terremoti. L’esigenza di avere un prodotto di immediato utilizzo orientò la scelta sulla piattaforma Wordpress119, così da poter sfruttare i vantaggi del cloud e di un hosting affidabile. In effetti, nei primi giorni di pubblicazione, il blog “INGVterremoti120” (Figura 1) ebbe milioni di visualizzazioni di pagina senza nessuna interruzione del servizio. Negli anni successivi il blog si è consolidato come punto di riferimento della comunicazione della ricerca sui terremoti e dell’informazione in emergenza sismica, arrivando a superare ventuno milioni di visualizzazioni di pagina con una media annua di oltre un milione di visualizzazioni. Sulla scia del successo di INGVterremoti, nel 2018 sono stati aperti altri due blog, uno per ciascun Dipartimento, sulla stessa piattaforma: “INGVambiente121” e “INGVvulcani122” (Figura 1), con le stesse modalità del primo anche se con finalità leggermente diverse. In particolare il blog INGVambiente, che non offre informazioni legate alle emergenze e alla comunicazione delle stesse, ha come scopo principale la divulgazione di tematiche care al Dipartimento Ambiente con la pubblicazione regolare di un post a settimana. In modo simile a INGVterremoti, il blog INGVvulcani pubblica articoli relativi allo stato di attività dei vulcani in Italia e nel mondo e approfondimenti sulla ricerca vulcanologica del Dipartimento Vulcani e sul monitoraggio vulcanico effettuato dall’Osservatorio Vesuviano e dall’Osservatorio Etneo. Grazie al continuo e tempestivo aggiornamento sull’attività in corso, è diventato riferimento costante per i cittadini dell’area napoletana, di quella etnea e delle Isole Eolie. Nel 2012, per realizzare il blog INGVterremoti fu scelto un tema gratuito presente in Wordpress chiamato “Mystique”, molto utilizzato in quel periodo. Il tema prevedeva un’interfaccia molto semplice che riportava in homepage gli ultimi articoli pubblicati in ordine cronologico. La pagina era completata da una serie di widget sul lato destro per interagire con i post pubblicati attraverso i Tag e le Categorie degli articoli e per i collegamenti a informazioni esterne (feed terremoti, social media, link siti web, ecc.). Un menù in alto nella Home conteneva l’informazione statica, composta da una serie di pagine e sottopagine. Nel 2018, per i nuovi blog di INGVvulcani e INGVambiente fu, invece, scelto il tema “Apostrophe 2” con un’interfaccia simile al tema “Mystique” ma all’epoca più moderna e attuale. Anche in questi blog la disposizione della Home prevedeva una serie di widget sulla destra e le pagine dell’informazione statica nel menù.
    Description: Published
    Description: 175-178
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: blog INGVterremoti ; blog INGVambiente ; blog INGVvulcani ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gosselin, K. M., Nelson, R. K., Spivak, A. C., Sylva, S. P., Van Mooy, B. A. S., Aeppli, C., Sharpless, C. M., O’Neil, G. W., Arrington, E. C., Reddy, C. M., & Valentine, D. L. Production of two highly abundant 2-methyl-branched fatty acids by blooms of the globally significant marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum. ACS Omega, 6(35), (2021): 22803–22810, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c03196.
    Description: The bloom-forming cyanobacteria Trichodesmium contribute up to 30% to the total fixed nitrogen in the global oceans and thereby drive substantial productivity. On an expedition in the Gulf of Mexico, we observed and sampled surface slicks, some of which included dense blooms of Trichodesmium erythraeum. These bloom samples contained abundant and atypical free fatty acids, identified here as 2-methyldecanoic acid and 2-methyldodecanoic acid. The high abundance and unusual branching pattern of these compounds suggest that they may play a specific role in this globally important organism.
    Description: This work was funded with grants from the National Science Foundation grants OCE-1333148, OCE-1333162, and OCE-1756254 and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (IR&D). GCxGC analysis made possible by WHOI’s Investment in Science Fund.
    Keywords: Lipids ; Alkyls ; Bacteria ; Genetics ; Chromatography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 5
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2018-03-01
    Description: The choices of a geoscientist while carrying out his/her activity are always accompanied by ethical implications, because they can have a strong impact on the population, the natural environment, the economy, the landscape and the cultural resources of the affected area. It is not uncommon for a geoscientist to be faced with ethical dilemmas that are problems with a difficult solution, since options to solve such dilemmas will have negative consequences. How does one make a choice in these circumstances? What is the ethical duty of geoscientists and what has to be their professional attitude? In which cases do they have the duty to take action or the duty to not act (duty of omission)? A brief review of the concepts formulated by philosophers in reference to ethics can serve to provide some answers to the above questions and to understand how geoscientists can best serve society.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: 1VV. Altro
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: ethics ; ethical dilemma ; geoethics ; geosciences ; duty of omission ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-11-15
    Description: Humans are recognized as a “geological force”, capable of modifying natural environments, and in virtue of this prerogative they have an ethical responsibility towards the planet. Indeed, studying and managing the Earth system, exploiting its geo-resources, intervening in natural processes are actions that involve great responsibilities towards society and the environment, of which perhaps we, as geoscientists, are not sufficiently aware. Only by increasing the awareness of this responsibility, can we work with wisdom and foresight, and respect the balances that exist in nature while guaranteeing a sustainable development for future generations. In order to define acceptable solutions to current global challenges, we need to take into proper consideration the ethical and social aspects involved in geoscience issues. Geoethics was born to define a conceptual substratum of categories, useful as framework of reference for geoscientists, to help them develop a new way of thinking and interacting with the Earth system. Geoethics widens the cultural horizon of geoscience knowledge and contributes to orient scientists and society in the choices for responsible behavior towards the planet. The paper provides an overview of the emerging field of geoethics, focusing on theoretical and practical aspects, by showing the trajectory that has led to the current point of development of geoethics and suggesting some cues for thought for further advancements of ethical thinking in geosciences.
    Description: IAPG - International Association for Promoting Geoethics
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-8
    Description: 1VV. Altro
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geoethics ; geosciences ; responsibility ; ethical dilemmas ; society ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-11-15
    Description: Recently the interest by geoscientists in (geo)ethical aspects of geoscience knowledge, education, research, practice and communication has grown considerably. Today the topic of geoethics has gained a significant visibility within the scientific community. The IAPG – International Association for Promoting Geoethics (http://www.geoethics.org), founded in 2012, has worked to widen the discussion and create awareness about issues of ethics as applied to the geosciences. Thanks to continuous voluntary work, the respectful exchange, and fruitful sharing of ideas, the IAPG community has produced a conceptual substratum on which to base the future development of geoethics, by clarifying the meaning of the word “geoethics”, formalizing its definition, and better identifying a framework of reference values on which the geoscience community can base more effective codes of conduct and guidance. The members of the IAPG community have published various books and articles in peer-reviewed international journals, and organized numerous scientific sessions to bring geoethics to the most important geoscience conferences. Geoethical issues have been also included in the European project ENVRI-Plus, which is dedicated to the environmental and solid Earth research infrastructures. The tangible result of these efforts is that, now, many prestigious geoscience organizations recognize geoethics as a fundamental issue, worthy of attention. This result was confirmed by the high quality of content and the large participation of scientists in the six technical sessions and a panel session on geoethics organized by IAPG at the 35th IGC – International Geological Congress, held in 2016 in Cape Town (South Africa). Largely successful due to the cooperative work of different geoscience organizations (IUGS-TGGP – Task Group on Global Geoscience Professionalism; GSL - Geological Society of London; EFG - European Federation of Geologists; EGS - EuroGeoSurveys; AGI – American Geosciences Institute; AGU – American Geophysical Union, and AAWG – African Association of Women in Geosciences). The IAPG considers the 35th IGC as the scientific event that opened a new phase for furthering the concept of geoethics. In order to mark this milestone, the "Cape Town Statement on Geoethics" (CTSG) was tabled by the IAPG and reviewed in an international effort. It shall focus the attention of geoscientists on the development of shared values, policies, guidelines, strategies and tools, with the long-range goal of fostering the regular adoption of ethical values and practices within the geoscience community. The document summarizes the values, concepts, and contents developed by IAPG so far, providing a perspective for the future development of geoethical thinking. This paper addresses in detail the content of the “Cape Town Statement on Geoethics”, which is now supported officially by several geoscience organizations.
    Description: IAPG - International Association for Promoting Geoethics
    Description: Published
    Description: 1VV. Altro
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geoethics ; Cape Town ; responsibility ; research integrity ; geoethical promise ; geosciences ; Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-11-15
    Description: The themes addressed by geoethics are becoming central to all scientific debate. A growing number of scientists now consider geoethics as an effective tool to increase, in the scientific community and society as a whole, the awareness of local and global environmental problems that humanity faces. Geoethics deals with ethical, social and cultural aspects related to geosciences. Geoethics addresses fundamental issues such as the prudent and sustainable use of geo-resources, management of natural hazards, defence of geoheritage as a common value to be protected and enhanced. But above all, geoethics aims to raise, in the community of geoscientists, their awareness of responsibilities in conducting scientific and professional activity. In order to extend this awareness to the whole of civil society and also to foster the recognition of the usefulness of geosciences in daily life, geoscience communication should be recognized as a fundamental activity connected with scientific and professional work, since geoscience knowledge is a tool to contribute to the construction of social knowledge for human communities. But today what is the role played by geosciences in the scientific mass culture? Are the geosciences part of a collective “cultural heritage”? Do the publishing world and media offer adequate space to geosciences? Through the analysis of two Italian case studies, the authors highlight the critical features of the relationship between geoscientists and the media and try to suggest some actions that are useful to make the relationship between these two separate fields more functional, with the goal of bringing citizens closer to geosciences and increasing the awareness of the individual and collective responsibility towards the Earth.
    Description: IAPG - International Association for Promoting Geoethics
    Description: Published
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: 1VV. Altro
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geoethics ; science communication ; media ; geoscientists ; web churnalism ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Morphological and genetic diversity of cultured cynobacterial strains of species of the genera Arthrospira, Spirulina and Phormidium from two geographically different regions and habitats (Kenyan saline-alkaline lakes and Indian freshwater bodies) were investigated. Light microscopy observations were used to determine morphological diversity of the cyanobacteria. Three independent molecular techniques, sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, internally transcribed spacer region between 16S and 23S rDNA (ITS) and the phycocyanin locus (PC-IGS) were conducted for the examination of phylogenetic relationship. Despite differences in morphology and habitats the Kenyan and Indian Arthrospira strains belong to the same cluster in phylogenetic trees of the 16S rDNA (AY575923-AY575932) or PC-IGS (AY575937-AY575946). The DNA similarity in both methods was 100%. In the ITS tree, the two Indian Arthrospira strains PD1998/pus (AY575930) and PD2002/ana (AY575932) form their own sub-cluster. The Phormidium strain AB2002/07 (AY575933) from Lake Nakuru, Kenya is included in the Arthrospira cluster in the ITS tree and very closely related in the 16S and PC-IGS trees. Based on 16S rDNA and PC-IGS phylogeny the sequences of the Spirulina strains form a separate cluster distinct from the Arthrospira cluster. The Kenyan and Indian Spirulina subsalsa strains show a considerable genetic variability as similarities in 16S rRNA gene sequence is 91.5% only. Molecular characterizations of cyanobacterial strains in the present study demonstrate that several distinct morphotypes may be genetically similar and vice versa.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Phylogenetics ; Organism morphology ; Bacteria ; Freshwater organisms ; DNA
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.127-147
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: For decades frequent mass mortalities of Lesser Flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor Geoffroy) have been observed at alkaline-saline Kenyan Rift Valley lakes. To estimate the potential influence of toxic cyanobacteria on these mass deaths, the phytoplankton communities were investigated in Lakes Bogoria, Nakuru, and Elmenteita. Cyanobacterial toxins were analyzed both in the phytoplankton from the three lakes and in isolated monocyanobacterial strains of Arthrospira fusiformis, Anabaenopsis abijatae, Spirulina subsalsa and Phormidium terebriformis. Lake Bogoria was dominated by the cyanobacterium A. fusiformis. In L. Nakuru and L. Elmenteita the phytoplankton mainly consisted of A. fusiformis, Anabaenopsis abijatae and A. arnoldii, and in L. Nakuru an unknown Anabaena sp. was also found. Furthermore, this is the first time A. abijatae and the unknown Anabaena sp. have been found in Kenyan lakes. Phytoplankton wet weight biomass was found to be high, reaching 777 mg L-1 in L. Bogoria, 104 mg L-1 in L. Nakuru and 202 mg L-1 in L. Elmenteita. Using HPLC, the cyanobacterial hepatotoxins microcystin-LR, -RR -YR, -LF and -LA and the neurotoxin anatoxin-a were detected in phytoplankton samples from L. Bogoria and L. Nakuru. Total microcystin concentrations amounted to 155 μg microcystin-LR equivalents g-1 DW in L. Bogoria, and 4593 μg microcystin-LR equivalents g-1 DW in L. Nakuru, with anatoxin-a concentrations at 9 μg g-1 DW in L. Bogoria and 223 μg g-1 DW in L. Nakuru. In L. Elmenteita phytoplankton, no cyanobacterial toxins were found. A. fusiformis was identified as one source of the toxins. The isolated strain of A. fusiformis from L Bogoria was found to produce both microcystin-YR (15.0 μg g-1 DW) and anatoxin-a (10.4 μg g-1 DW), whilst the A. fusiformis strain from L. Nakuru was found to produce anatoxin-a (0.14 μg g-1 DW). Since A. fusiformis mass developments are characteristic of alkaline-saline lakes, health risks to wildlife, especially the Arthrospira-consuming Lesser Flamingo, may be expected.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Phytoplankton ; Biological poisons ; Toxicology ; Alkalinity ; Chemical properties ; Freshwater lakes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.83-105
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  • 11
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    Freie Universität Berlin | Berlin
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper presents data on the first identification, characterization and quantification of hepatotoxic microcystins and neurotoxic anatoxin-a in water samples of Lake Baringo, Kenya. The shallow turbid Lake Baringo was investigated five times between June 2001 and May 2002. The phytoplankton community was mainly dominated by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Due to the high turbidity the phytoplankton biomass was low, ranging between 1.5 and 8.2 mg L-1. High mean total phosphorus concentration (1.0 mg L-1) and mean total nitrogen concentration (2.8 mg L-1) typical for hypertrophic lakes were found. Using HPLC technique the hepatotoxins microcystin-LR, -RR and -YR and the neurotoxin anatoxin-a were detected in the water samples. The microcystin concentrations varied from 310 to 19800 μg microcystin-LR equivalents g-1 DW and the anatoxin-a concentration ranged from 270 to 1260 μg g-1 DW. To our knowledge this is the first evidence of cyanobacterial toxins in Lake Baringo.
    Description: Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades des Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) eingereicht im Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie der Freien Universität Berlin
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Biological poisons ; Poisonous organisms ; Bacteria ; Phytoplankton ; Cyanobacteria
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.51-66
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  • 12
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    Freie Universität Berlin | Berlin, Germany
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The phytoplankton communities and the production of cyanobacterial toxins were investigated in two alkaline Kenyan crater lakes, Lake Sonachi and Lake Simbi. Lake Sonachi was mainly dominated by the cyanobacterium Arthrospira fusiformis, Lake Simbi by Arthrospira fusiformis and Anabaenopsis abijatae. The phytoplankton biomasses measured were high, reaching up to 3159 mg l-1 in L. Sonachi and up to 348 mg l-1 in L. Simbi. Using HPLC techniques, in L. Sonachi one structural variant of the hepatotoxin microcystin (microcystin-RR) was found in L. Sonachi and four variants (microcystin- LR, -RR, -LA and -YR) were identified in L. Simbi. The neurotoxin anatoxin-a was found in both lakes. To our knowledge this is the first evidence of cyanobacterial toxins in L. Sonachi and L. Simbi. Total microcystin concentrations varied from 1.6 to 12.0 μg microcystin-LR equivalents g-1 DW in L. Sonachi and from 19.7 to 39.0 μg microcystin-LR equivalents g-1 DW in L. Simbi. Anatoxin-a concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 μg g-1 DW in L. Sonachi and from 0 to 1.4 μg g-1 DW in L. Simbi. In a monocyanobacterial strain of Arthrospira fusiformis, isolated from L. Sonachi, microcystin-YR and anatoxin-a were produced. The concentrations found were 2.2 μg microcystin g-1 DW and 0.3 μg anatoxin-a g-1 DW. This is the first study showing Arthrospira fusiformis as producer of microcystins and anatoxin-a. Since Arthrospira fusiformis occurs in mass developments in both lakes, a health risk for wildlife can be expected.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Phytoplankton ; Biological poisons ; Toxicology ; Inland waters ; Freshwater lakes ; Poisonous organisms
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.106-126
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  • 13
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This is the first volume of an international scientific journal that is dedicated to issues of geoethics and geological culture. Its goal is to inform the Italian and international scientific communities about what emerged at the GeoItalia 2011 conference, attended by not only Italian geoscientists. At this conference, the geoscientists questioned their role in society and the responsibilities that they have to assume as scholars of the planet Earth and experts of the territory. They highlighted the need for rediscovery of the cultural values of geology as a science that can contribute to the construction of correct social knowledge, and the need to be aware that geoethics cannot exist without a real awareness among geoscientists of the cultural value of the Earth sciences.
    Description: Published
    Description: 331
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Geoetica ; Geological Culture ; Earth Sciences ; Philosophy ; Education ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 14
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Prof. Giulio Giorello is amongst the most prominent philosophers of science in Italy and in the world. He is currently Professor of the Philosophy of Science at the University of Milan, Director of the Series ‘Science and Ideas’ (Raffaele Cortina Books Editor), and Literary Journalist of the cultural pages of the Corriere della Sera, one of the most important of the Italian newspapers. In this keynote presentation, in interview form, he talks about the value that the Earth sciences have had through history, framing this group of disciplines in ethical and epistemological terms, and highlighting some important elements that have to be considered in geological activities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 343-346
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Giulio Giorello ; Earth Sciences ; Interview ; Philosophy ; Epistemology ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 15
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The international debate in the field of geoethics focuses on some of the most important environmental emergencies, while highlighting the great responsibilities of geoscientists, whatever field they work in, and the important social, cultural and economic repercussions that their choices can have on society. The GeoItalia 2009 and 2011 conferences that were held in Rimini and Turin, respectively, and were organized by the Italian Federation of Earth Science, were two important moments for the promotion of geoethics in Italy. They were devoted to the highlighting of how, and with what tools and contents, can the geosciences contribute to the cultural renewal of society. They also covered the active roles of geoscientists in the dissemination of scientific information, contributing in this way to the correct construction of social knowledge. Geology is culture, and as such it can help to dispel misconceptions and cultural stereotypes that concern natural phenomena, disasters, resources, and land management. Geological culture consists of methods, goals, values, history, ways of thinking about nature, and specific sensitivity for approaching problems and their solutions. So geology has to fix referenced values, as indispensable prerequisites for geoethics. Together, geological culture and geoethics can strengthen the bond that joins people to their territory, and can help to find solutions and answers to some important challenges in the coming years regarding natural risks, resources, and climate change. Starting from these considerations, we stress the importance of establishing an ethical criterion for Earth scientists, to focus attention on the issue of the responsibility of geoscientists, and the need to more clearly define their scientific identity and the value of their specificities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 335-341
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Education ; History of science ; Public issues ; General (Philosophy of Earth sciences) ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 16
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    Unknown
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Franco Ferrarotti, Professor emeritus at ‘La Sapienza’ University of Rome; since winning the first Chair in this discipline in Italy in 1961, he has been considered the Father of Italian Sociology. An independent Member of Italian Parliament in the third government (1958-1963), a member of the New York Academy of Sciences, and a ‘visiting Professor’ at many universities in Europe, North America, Russia, Japan and Latin America. Franco Ferrarotti has taught and still teaches in Europe and America, and he has received many awards throughout his career. In this interview, he talks about the social aspects and consequences of Earth sciences studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 347-348
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Social aspects ; Geologists activity ; Scientific information ; Society ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
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    Unknown
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We argue here that the introduction of an ethical code of conduct that follows the example of the Hippocratic Oath of physicians will help geologists to acquire binding awareness of their professional and social responsibilities. The ethical behavior and obligations of modern geologists involve, but are not limited to, the following issues: correct land/ environment use and management; respect of truth and science; and protection of the Earth systems, on both the local and global scales, and therefore, of our well-being. We believe that for geoligists, the explicit acceptance of an ethical code will help to promote: (i) an awareness of their social role, expertise and sense of belonging to a professional community; (ii) an understanding of the expectations of citizens and society; and (iii) cultural growth, with better use of research and implementation of scientific and professional skills. All this should enhance the public recognition of the social mission of geologists, which is essential for the well-being of society. Therefore, we suggest that like in the majority of medical schools, ethical training should be a part of the university curriculum for students in geology.
    Description: Published
    Description: 365-369
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Hippocratic Oath ; Geologists ; Social responsibility ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Red Pompeian paintings, very famous for their deep intensity, are currently suffering from darkening. The origins of this darkening degradation are not clearly identified yet and remain a major issue for curators. In the specific case of cinnabar (HgS)-based red pigment, a photoinduced conversion into black metacinnabar is usually suspected. This work is focused on the blackening of red cinnabar paintings coated on a sparry calcite mortar. Different samples exhibiting different levels of degradation were selected upon visual observations and analyzed by synchrotron-based microanalytical techniques. Atomic and molecular compositions of the different debased regions revealed two possible degradation mechanisms. On one hand, micro X-ray fluorescence elemental maps show peculiar distributions of chlorine and sulfur. On the other hand, X-ray absorption spectroscopy performed at both Cl and S K-edges confirms the presence of characteristic degradation products: (i) Hg- Cl compounds (e.g., corderoite, calomel, and terlinguaite), which may result from the reaction with exogenous NaCl, in gray areas; (ii) gypsum, produced by the calcite sulfation, in black coatings. Metacinnabar is never detected. Finally, a cross section was analyzed to map the in-depth alteration gradient. Reduced and oxidized sulfur distributions reveal that the sulfated black coating consists of a 5-ím-thick layer covering intact cinnabar.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7484-7492
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Microspectroscopy Analysis ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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