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  • Amino Acid Sequence  (2,910)
  • Phosphorylation
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (3,759)
  • Springer  (52)
  • Protein Phosphorylation in Human Health  (1)
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  • 1
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    Chapter 8 Signalling DNA Damage (2021)
    InTechOpen | Protein Phosphorylation in Human Health | Protein Phosphorylation in Human Health
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: During our lifetime, the genome is constantly being exposed to different types of damage caused either by exogenous sources (radiations and/or genotoxic compound) but also as byproducts of endogenous processes (reactive oxigen species during respiration, stalled forks during replication, eroded telomeres, etc). From a structural point of view, there are many types of DNA damage including single or double strand breaks, base modifications and losses or base-pair mismatches. The amount of lesions that we face is enormous with estimates suggesting that each of our 1013 cells has to deal with around 10.000 lesions per day [1]. While the majority of these events are properly resolved by specialized mechanisms, a deficient response to DNA damage, and particularly to DSB, harbors a serious threat to human health [2]. DSB can be formed [1] following an exposure to ionizing radiation (X- or γ-rays) or clastogenic drugs; [2] endogenously, during DNA replication, or [3], as a consequence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during oxidative metabolism. In addition, programmed DSB are used as repair intermediates during V(D)J and Class-Switch recombination (CSR) in lymphocytes [3], or during meiotic recombination [4]. Because of this, immunodeficiency and/or sterility problems are frequently associated with DDR-related pathologies.
    Keywords: dna damage ; dna damage ; Apoptosis ; Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related ; ATM serine/threonine kinase ; DNA repair ; DNA-PKcs ; Phosphorylation ; Protein ; Ubiquitin ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of polyamide-imides derived from 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, trimellitic anhydride, and various aromatic diamines (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 1 (1994), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Poly(amide-imide)s ; Polycondensation ; Phosphorylation ; Aromatic diamines ; 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene ; 1, 3-bis(4-trimellitimidophenoxy)benzene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A diamine, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy) benzene (II), was synthesized in two steps; fist from the condensation of resorcinol with p-chloronitrobenzene in the presence of potassium carbonate, producing I ,3-bis(4-nitrophenoxy) benzene (I), followed by hydrazine hydrate/Pd-C reduction. A two imide rings-preformed dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-bis(4-trimellitimidophenoxy)benzene (III), was prepared from the condensation of diamine II and trimellitic anhydride in 1:2 molar ratio. A series of structurally new polyamide-imides (Va-p) were directly synthesized from the diacid III and various aromatic diamines (IVa-p). The resultant polyamide-imides had inherent viscosities between 0.56–1.39 dl/g. All polymers, except some derived from diamines with p-phenoxy structure, showed excellent solubility. Some polymer resulted in tough or flexible transparent films. Dynamic TG data indicated that all polymers possess excellent thermal stability with no significant weight loss up to the temperature of approximately 450 °C in nitrogen, and their 10% weight loss temperature was recorded in the range of 489–577 °C. Measurements of wide-angle X-ray diffraction revealed that some polymers derived from p-phenoxy group-containing diamines showed crystalline patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01378593
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of macrolide 2′-phosphotransferase fromStreptomyces coelicolor Müller (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 6 (1990), S. 295-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Phosphorylation ; Oleandomycin ; Macrolide 2′-phosphotransferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An enzyme that catalyzes 2′-O-phosphorylation of oleandomycin and several other macrolide antibiotics has been purified approximately 47-fold from cell-free extracts ofStreptomyces coelicolor Müller, NRRL 3532 (UC™ 5240). The reaction product was verified as being oleandomycin-2′-O-phosphate by mass spectrometry. As a result of purification, the enzyme was separated from two lincosaminide inactivating enzyme activities also present in the cell-free extract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575877
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary structure of the ribosomal protein gene S6 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 13 (1988), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Fission yeast ; Ribosomal protein gene ; Phosphorylation ; Termination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a ribosomal protein gene which codes for the ribosomal protein S6 (rps6). The sequence analysis revealed that the gene comprises 239 amino acids, giving rise to a basic protein with a molecular weight of 27,502 Da. The product of this gene is the equivalent of the ribosomal protein S1O from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Northern analyses and S1 mapping of both the 5′ and the 3′ end of the transcripts of this gene show that it is transcribed into three distinct transcripts with different sizes and heterogeneous termini. In the DNA region flanking the coding sequence, several conserved elements are present that may be involved in the transcription initiation and termination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365757
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalysts for the self-polymerization of adenosine cyclic 2′,3′-phosphate (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 2 (1973), S. 303-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Polymerization ; Phosphorylation ; Adenosine Cyclic 2′,3′-phosphate ; Oligonucleotides ; Amines ; 2-Aminoethanol ; Amino Acids ; Prebiotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When adenosine cyclic 2′,3′-phosphate is evaporated from solution in the presence of simple catalysts such as aliphatic diamines at alkaline pH, and maintained in a dry state at moderate temperatures (25-85°C), self-polymerization to give oligonucleotides of chainlength up to at least 6 is observed. The products contain an excess of [3′→5′]-linkages over [2′→5′]-linkages. The effects of different catalysts and reaction conditions on the efficiency of the reaction are described. The prebiological relevance of these reactions is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01654098
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geometry of the dry-state oligomerization of 2′,3′-cyclic phosphates (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 13 (1979), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Phosphorylation ; Prebiotic ; Dinucleoside monophosphorothioate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Evaporation of a solution of thymidine plus either theexo or theendo diastereomer of uridine cyclic 2′,3′-O, O-phosphorothioate (U 〉 p(S) in 1,2-diaminoethane hydrochloride buffer gave the 2′,5′ and 3′,5′ isomers of (P-thio) uridylylthymidine (Up(S)dT) in a ratio of 1:2 with a combined yield of about 20%. These isomers were re-converted to U 〉 p(S) and dT by a reaction that is known to proceed by an in-line mechanism. Both the 2′,5′ and 3′,5′ isomers gave as product the same diastereomer of U 〉 p(S) that had been used originally in their formation. These dry-state ‘prebiotic’ reactions (Verlander, Lohrmann, and Orgel 1973) are thus shown to be stereospecific, and both the 2′,5′ and 3′,5′ internucleotide bonds are formed by an in-line mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731369
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further studies of urea-catalyzed phosphorylation reactions (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 2 (1973), S. 231-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Phosphorylation ; Nucleotides ; Nucleoside Polyphosphates ; Oligonucleotides ; Urea ; Prebiotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have analyzed the products formed when mixtures of a nucleoside and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are heated with an excess of urea. If there is more phosphate than nucleoside in the mixture, compounds containing pyrophosphate bonds are obtained. If uridine, as nucleoside, is in excess over phosphate, di- and oligonucleotides are formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01654004
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The X-ray induced G2 arrest in mouse eggs: a maternal effect involving a lack of polypeptide phosphorylation (1988)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 197 (1988), S. 302-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Mouse egg ; Maternal effect ; X irradiation ; Cell cycle ; Phosphorylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In some strains of mice, eggs when X irradiated during the pronuclear stage, undergo a mitotic block in the G2 phase of the first cell cycle and cleave when the second division takes place in controls. The importance of this effect varies considerably with the strain and depends exclusively on the maternal genotype. In previous work, two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that eggs blocked at the one-cell stage after irradiation, undergo the same modifications in polypeptide synthesis as two-cell controls of the same age, except at the time of normal first mitosis, where three polypeptide sets of 30, 35 and 45 kDa appear only in cleaving controls. In the present study, we have found phosphorylations in dividing controls, on polypeptides of 30, 35 and 45 kDa. These phosphorylations are not seen in blocked irradiated eggs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380025
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue-specific requirements for a phosphorylation site in the Fushi tarazu homeodomain (1999)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 209 (1999), S. 427-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Drosophila ; Fushi tarazu ; Homeodomain ; Phosphorylation ; Neurogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The homeodomain protein Fushi tarazu (Ftz) is required for several embryonic patterning processes including segmentation and neurogenesis. During the stages that these processes are regulated the protein is differentially phosphorylated, suggesting that phosphorylation plays a role in helping the protein to regulate different functions in different tissues. We showed in a recent study that one of the Ftz phosphorylation sites, a protein kinase A-type site in the N-terminal arm of the homeodomain, is required for normal Ftz-dependent segmentation. Here we test whether phosphorylation of this site (Thr-263) is also required in the developing central nervous system (CNS). A well-established role for Ftz in the CNS is for the differentiation of neurons referred to as RP2 neurons. Absence of Ftz expression in these cells causes a failure of certain target genes to be expressed and subsequent defects in RP2 differentiation. In contrast to its effect on segmentation, we find that mutation of Thr-263 to Ala (or Asp) has no effect on these CNS functions. This suggests that the phosphorylation state of this site is irrelevant for Ftz function in the CNS, and that there are tissue-specific differences in the requirements for Ftz phosphorylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050273
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of potential phosphorylation sites in human T cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of biomedical science 6 (1999), S. 206-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Keywords: Tax ; HTLV-1 ; Trans-activation ; Phosphorylation ; Mutagenesis ; Transcription ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax is a phosphoprotein, however, the contribution of phosphorylation to Tax activity is unknown. Previous studies have shown that phosphorylation of Tax occurs on serine residue(s), within one tryptic fragment, in response to 4β-phorbol-12β-myristate-13α-acetate, in both mouse and human cells. Studies were conducted in multiple cell lines to identify the specific phosphorylated serines as a prelude to functional analysis. The phosphorylation pattern of Tax was found to be different in 293T and COS-7 cells in comparison with MT-4 and Px-1 cells. However, one tryptic fragment remained consistent in comigration analyses among all cell lines. Using selected Tax serine mutants a tryptic fragment containing a serine at residue 113 believed to be the site of phosphorylation of Tax did not comigrate with the common phosphorylated tryptic fragment. Analysis of selected Tax mutants for ability totrans-activate the cytomegalovirus promoter demonstrated mutation of serine 77 to alanine reducedtrans-activation by 90% compared to wild-type Tax. However, examination of the phosphorylation pattern of the serine 77 mutant demonstrated that it is not the site of phosphorylation. These studies demonstrate the importance of using relevant cell lines to characterize the role of phosphorylation in protein function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02255904
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