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  • Environmental Management
  • Physics
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (348)
  • Cham : Springer  (36)
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Keywords
Publisher
Language
Years
  • 1
    Unknown
    Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Agriculture ; Climate change ; Environmental management ; Soil science ; Soil conservation ; Air pollution ; Life Sciences ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Environmental Management
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 Introduction to the SAMPLES Approach --- Chapter 2 Targeting Landscapes to Identify Mitigation Options --- Chapter 3 Determining Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals Associated with Land Use and Land Cover Change --- Chapter 4 Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Managed and Natural Soils --- Chapter 5 A Comparison of Methodologies for Measuring Methane Emissions from Ruminants --- Chapter 6 Quantifying Tree Biomass Carbon Stocks and Fluxes in Agricultural Landscapes --- Chapter 7 Methods for Smallholder Quantification of Soil Carbon Stocks and Stock Changes --- Chapter 8 Yield Estimation of Food and Non-Food Crops in Smallholder Production Systems --- Chapter 9 Scaling Point and Plot Measurements of Greenhouse Gas Fluxes, Balances and Intensities to Whole Farms and Landscapes --- Chapter 10 Methods for Environment-Productivity Trade-off Analysis in Agricultural Systems
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 203 pages) , 33 illustrations, 27 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319297941
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-29794-1
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Environmental management ; Political science ; Wildlife ; Fish ; Marine sciences ; Freshwater ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Political Science ; Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management ; Marine & Freshwater Sciences ; Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea: Identifying Key Challenges Research Topics and Analytical Approaches. Part 1: Interdisciplinary Case Studies of Environmental Governance --- Chapter 2. Eutrophication and the Ecosystem Approach to Management: A Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 3. Fisheries: A Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 4. Biological Invasions: a Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 5. Governance of Chemicals in the Baltic Sea Region: A Study of Three Generations of Hazardous Substances --- Chapter 6. Oil Spills from Shipping: A Case Study of the Governance of Accidental Hazards and Intentional Pollution in the Baltic Sea --- Part 2: Cross-Case Analysis of Key Environmental Governance Challenges --- Chapter 7. The Ecosystem Approach to Management in Baltic Sea Governance: Towards Increased Reflexivity? --- Chapter 8. Science-Policy Interfaces in Baltic Sea Environmental Governance: Towards Regional Cooperation and Management of Uncertainty? --- Chapter 9. Risk Communication and the Role of the Public: Towards Inclusive Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea? --- Chapter 10. Seeking Pathways Towards Improved Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 253 pages) , 10 illustrations, 3 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319270067
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-27006-7
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Marine Sciences ; Environmental management ; Atmospheric Sciences ; Marine & Freshwater Sciences ; Environmental Management
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to the Assessment --- Past and Current Climate Change --- Past and Current Changes in the North Sea (and interface regions) --- Climate Change Projections --- Impacts of Current and Future Climate Change in Ecosystems --- Climate Impacts on Socio-economy
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XLV, 528 pages) , 277 illustrations, 215 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319397450
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-39745-0
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States (2014)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Environmental management ; Ecotoxicology ; Waste management ; Environment ; Ecotoxicology ; Environmental Management ; Waste Management/Waste Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- Foreword by Keith Solomon and John Giesy --- Foreword by Coordinating Board of Editors --- Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in The United States – Overview and Conclusions --- Properties and Uses of Chlorpyrifos in the United States --- Fate in the Environment and Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos and its Oxon in the United States --- Exposures of Aquatic Organisms to the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos Resulting from Use in the United States --- Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States --- Refined Avian Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in the United States --- Risk to Pollinators from the Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States --- Index
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 269 pages) , 40 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319038650
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-03865-0
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks - From Hagedorn Temperature to Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at CERN : With a Tribute to Rolf Hagedorn (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Physics ; History ; Nuclear physics ; Heavy ions ; Hadrons ; Particle acceleration ; Physics ; Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics ; History of Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I Reminiscences: Rolf Hagedorn and Relativistic Heavy Ion Research.-- Part II The Hagedorn Temperature --- Part III Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks Heavy Ion Path to Quark-Gluon Plasma --- Acronyms
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 441 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319175454
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-17545-4
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Rewilding European Landscapes (2015)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Applied ecology ; Biodiversity ; Landscape ecology ; Environmental management ; Nature conservation ; Environment ; Nature Conservation ; Environmental Management ; Biodiversity ; Landscape Ecology ; Applied Ecology
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I  - The Theory of Rewilding --- 1. Rewilding Abandoned Landscapes in Europe --- 2. European Wilderness in a Time of Farmland Abandonment --- 3. Ecosystem Services: the Opportunities of Rewilding in Europe --- Part II - Rewilding and Biodiversity --- 4. Bringing Large Mammals Back: Large Carnivores in Europe --- 5. Top Scavengers in a Wilder Europe --- 6. Rewilding: Pitfalls and Opportunities for Moths and Butterflies --- 7. Vegetation Restoration and Other Actions to Enhance Wildlife in European Agricultural Landscapes --- 8. Maintaining Disturbance-dependent Habitats.- Part III - Rewillding in Practice --- 9. Rewilding Europe: A New Strategy for an Old Continent --- 10. Preparing a New Generation of Wilderness Entrepreneurs --- 11. Towards a European Policy for Rewilding --- Index
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 227 pages) , 44 illustrations, 43 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319120393
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-12039-3
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    The Cellular Automaton Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Physics ; Mathematical physics ; Quantum physics ; Physics ; Quantum Physics ; Mathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: I The Cellular Automaton Interpretation as a general doctrine: Motivation for this work --- Deterministic models in quantum notation --- Interpreting quantum mechanics --- Deterministic quantum mechanics --- Concise description of the CA Interpretation --- Quantum gravity --- Information loss --- More problems --- Alleys to be further investigated and open questions --- Conclusions --- II Calculation Techniques: Introduction to part II --- More on cogwheels --- The continuum limit of cogwheels, harmonic rotators and oscillators --- Locality --- Fermions --- PQ theory --- Models in two space-time dimensions without interactions --- Symmetries --- The discretised Hamiltonian formalism in PQ theory --- Quantum Field Theory --- The cellular automaton --- The problem of quantum locality --- Conclusions of part II --- Some remarks on gravity in 2+1 dimensions --- A summary of our views on Conformal Gravity --- Abbreviations.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 298 pages) , 21 illustrations, 19 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319412856
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-41285-6
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Non-Equilibrium Social Science and Policy : Introduction and Essays on New and Changing Paradigms in Socio-Economic Thinking (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Physics ; Complexity, Computational ; Economic theory ; Social sciences ; Physics ; Data-driven Science, Modeling and Theory Building ; Methodology of the Social Sciences ; Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods ; Operations Research/Decision Theory ; Complexity ; Computational Social Sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Non-Equilibrium Social Science & Policy --- Economics --- Social Psychology and Narrative Economy --- Sociology and Non-Equilibrium Social Science --- Geography far from Equilibrium --- Cities in Disequilibrium --- The Evolutionary Theory of Globalization --- Systems, Networks, and Policy --- Towards a Complexity-Friendly Policy: breaking the vicious circle of equilibrium thinking in economic and public policy --- The Information Economy --- Complexity Science & the Art of Policy Making --- The Complexity of Government --- The Room Around the Elephant: Tackling Context-Dependency in the Social Sciences --- Global Systems Science and Policy --- Index.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 232 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319424248
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-42424-8
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Freshwater Governance for the 21st Century (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environmental management ; International relations ; Behavioral sciences ; Environmental law ; Environmental policy ; Water ; Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management ; Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice ; Environmental Management ; International Relations ; Behavioral Sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction and Reflections --- 2. The Establishment of Catchment Management Agencies in South Africa with Reference to the Flussgebietsgemeinschaft Elbe: Some Practical Considerations --- 3. Towards Inclusive Water Governance: OECD Evidence and Key Principles of Stakeholder Engagement in the Water Sector --- 4. Free-Market Economics and Developmental Statism as Political Paradigms: Implications for Water Governance Theory and Practice in Developing Countries --- 5. Urban Water Governance as a Function of the “Urban Hydrosocial Transition” --- 6. Urban Water Governance for the 21st Century: A Portfolio-Based Approach to Planning and Management --- 7. Rights-Based Freshwater Governance for the 21st Century: Beyond an Exclusionary Focus on Domestic Water uses --- 8. Inclusive Transboundary Water Governance --- 9. Mechanisms for Inclusive Governance --- 10. Water Integrity - from Concept to Practice --- 11. Addressing the Groundwater Governance Challenge: A Call from the “Groundwater Governance: A Global Framework for Action” Project --- 12. Water Governance Futures in South Asia and Southern Africa: Déjà vu all Over Again?
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 250 pages) , 39 illustrations, 28 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319433509
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-43350-9
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Renewing Local Planning to Face Climate Change in the Tropics (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Geography ; Climate change ; Remote sensing ; Environmental management ; Geography ; Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry ; Environmental Management ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts
    Description / Table of Contents: Climate services in the Tropics --- Climate planning in medium-size cities of the Tropics --- Setting up and managing automatic weather stations for remote sites monitoring: from Niger to Nepal --- Characterization of climate risks for rice crop in Casamance --- Climate change, drought and food security: a methodology for the vulnerability analysis. The case of the West Arsi Woreda in Ethiopia --- Visualize and communicate extreme weather risk to improve urban resilience --- Climate change adaptation and resilience in Mali --- Building resilience to drought in the Sahel by early risk identification and advices --- Risk analysis and evaluation to improve climate adaptation planning in Western Niger --- A simplified hydrological method for flood risk assessment at sub-basin level in Niger --- Socio-technical transitions and resilient infrastructure: analyzing changes in access to water following infrastructure upgrade in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania --- Monitoring and evaluating advocacy and mainstreaming of climate change adaptation in Haiti --- Knowledge for transformational adaptation planning: comparing the potential of forecasting and back casting methods for assessing people vulnerability --- Possible impact of pelletized crop residues use as a fuel for cooking in Niger --- An effective Mainstreaming DRR and Resilience approach in La Paz (Mexico) and San Jose (Costa-Rica) --- Climate vulnerability reduction credits: measuring results of adaptation; potential applicability for sub-Saharan communities --- Review of pilot projects on index-based insurance in Africa: insights and lessons Learned --- A new perspective for integrating climate change in local development plans
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 372 pages) , 91 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319590967
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-59096-7
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Marine Sciences ; Environmental management ; Atmospheric Sciences ; Marine & Freshwater Sciences ; Environmental Management
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to the Assessment --- Past and Current Climate Change --- Past and Current Changes in the North Sea (and interface regions) --- Climate Change Projections --- Impacts of Current and Future Climate Change in Ecosystems --- Climate Impacts on Socio-economy
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XLV, 528 pages) , 277 illustrations, 215 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319397450
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-39745-0
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Earth Observation Open Science and Innovation (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Earth sciences ; Remote sensing ; Environmental management ; Earth Sciences ; Earth Sciences, general ; Big Data ; Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry ; Environmental Management ; Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics)
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Over  the  past  decades,  rapid developments in digital and sensing technologies, such  as the Cloud, Web and Internet of Things, have dramatically changed the way we live and work. The digital transformation is revolutionizing our ability to monitor our planet and transforming the  way we access, process and exploit Earth Observation data from satellites. This book reviews these megatrends and their implications for the Earth Observation community as well as the wider data economy. It provides insight into new paradigms of Open Science and Innovation applied to space data, which are characterized by openness, access to large volume of complex data, wide availability of new community tools, new techniques for big data analytics such as Artificial Intelligence, unprecedented level of computing power, and new types of collaboration among researchers, innovators, entrepreneurs and citizen scientists. In addition, this book aims to provide readers with some reflections on the future of Earth Observation, highlighting through a series of use cases not just the new opportunities created by the New Space revolution, but also the new challenges that must be addressed in order to make the most of the large volume of complex and diverse data delivered by the new generation of satellites.  
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 332 pages) , 116 illustrations, 111 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319656335
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-65633-5
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Counteracting Urban Heat Island Effects in a Global Climate Change Scenario (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Remote sensing ; Physics ; Environment ; Climate Change ; Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry ; Energy Efficiency ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Applied and Technical Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I The Urban Heat Island – Evidence, Measures and Tools --- Forecasting Models for Urban Warming in Climate Change --- Assessment Indication and Gold Standard --- Methodologies for UHI Analysis --- Decision Support Systems for Urban Planning --- Part II Pilot Actions in European Cities --- Counteracting Urban Heat Islands: Solutions for European Cities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LIII, 400 pages) , 213 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319104256
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-10425-6
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States (2014)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Environmental management ; Ecotoxicology ; Waste management ; Environment ; Ecotoxicology ; Environmental Management ; Waste Management/Waste Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- Foreword by Keith Solomon and John Giesy --- Foreword by Coordinating Board of Editors --- Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in The United States – Overview and Conclusions --- Properties and Uses of Chlorpyrifos in the United States --- Fate in the Environment and Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos and its Oxon in the United States --- Exposures of Aquatic Organisms to the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos Resulting from Use in the United States --- Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States --- Refined Avian Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in the United States --- Risk to Pollinators from the Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States --- Index
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 269 pages) , 40 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319038650
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-03865-0
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Environmental management ; Sustainable development ; Environment ; Climate Change ; Sustainable Development ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Environmental Management
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction --- 2. Action on Climate Change: What Does it Mean and Where Does it Lead To? --- Part 1. Policy --- 3. Mainstreaming Impact Evidence in Climate Change and Sustainable Development --- 4. Pathway to Impact: Supporting and Evaluating Enabling Environments for Research for Development --- 5. Lessons from Taking Stock of 12 years of Swiss International Cooperation on Climate Change --- 6. An Analytical Framework for Evaluating a Diverse Climate Change Portfolio --- 7. Enhancing the Joint Crediting Mechanism MRV to Contribute to Sustainable Development --- Part 2. Climate Change Mitigation --- 8. Using Mixed Methods to Assessing Trade-offs Between Agricultural Decisions and Deforestation --- 9. Methodological Approach of the GEF IEO’s Climate Change Mitigation Impact Evaluation: Assessing Progress in Market Change for Reduction of CO2 Emissions --- 10. Integrating Avoided Emissions in Climate Change Evaluation Policies for LDCs: The Case of Passive Solar Houses in Afghanistan --- 11. Sustainable Development, Climate Change, and Renewable Energy in Rural Central America --- 12. Unpacking the Black Box of Technology Distribution, Development Potential and Carbon Markets Benefits --- Part 3. Climate Change Adaptation.-13. What do Evaluations Tell Us About Climate Change Adaptation? Meta-Analysis with a Realist Approach --- 14. Adaptation Processes in Agriculture and Food Security: Insights from Evaluating Behavioral Changes in West Africa --- 15. Using Participatory Approaches in Measuring Resilience and Development in Isiolo County, Kenya --- 16. Evaluating Climate Change Adaptation in Practice: A Child-Centred, Community-Based Project in the Philippines --- 17. Drought Preparedness Policies and Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience Measures in Brazil: An Institutional Change Assessment --- 18. The Adaptation M&E Navigator: A Decision Support Tool for the Selection of Suitable Approaches to Monitor and Evaluate Adaptation to Climate Change
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 355 pages) , 44 illustrations, 36 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319437026
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-43702-6
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  • 16
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    Rewilding European Landscapes (2015)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Applied ecology ; Biodiversity ; Landscape ecology ; Environmental management ; Nature conservation ; Environment ; Nature Conservation ; Environmental Management ; Biodiversity ; Landscape Ecology ; Applied Ecology
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I  - The Theory of Rewilding --- 1. Rewilding Abandoned Landscapes in Europe --- 2. European Wilderness in a Time of Farmland Abandonment --- 3. Ecosystem Services: the Opportunities of Rewilding in Europe --- Part II - Rewilding and Biodiversity --- 4. Bringing Large Mammals Back: Large Carnivores in Europe --- 5. Top Scavengers in a Wilder Europe --- 6. Rewilding: Pitfalls and Opportunities for Moths and Butterflies --- 7. Vegetation Restoration and Other Actions to Enhance Wildlife in European Agricultural Landscapes --- 8. Maintaining Disturbance-dependent Habitats.- Part III - Rewillding in Practice --- 9. Rewilding Europe: A New Strategy for an Old Continent --- 10. Preparing a New Generation of Wilderness Entrepreneurs --- 11. Towards a European Policy for Rewilding --- Index
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 227 pages) , 44 illustrations, 43 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319120393
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-12039-3
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  • 17
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    The Interconnected Arctic — UArctic Congress 2016 (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Medical research ; Environmental management ; Economics ; Quality of life ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Quality of Life Research ; Environment Studies ; Economic Systems
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I Vulnerability of the Arctic environments. Chapter 1 Mysteries of the geological history of the Cenozoic Arctic Ocean sea ice cover --- Chapter 2 Response of Arctic alpine biota to climate change -evidence from Polar Urals GLORIA summits --- Chapter 3 The features of natural and artificial recovery in quarries of the forest-tundra zone of Western Siberia --- Chapter 4 The concept of hierarchical structure of large marine ecosystems in the zoning of Russian Arctic shelf seas --- Chapter 5 Changing climate and outbreaks of forest pest insects in a cold northern country, Finland --- Chapter 6 Wood-based energy as a strategy for climate change mitigation in the Arctic –Perspectives on assessment of climate impacts and resource efficiency with Life Cycle Assessment --- Chapter 7. Geospatial analysis of persistent organic pollutant deposits in the Arctic ecosystems and environment --- Chapter 8 Hydrological probabilistic model MARCS and its application to simulate the probability density functions of multi-year maximal runoff: the Russian Arctic as a case of study --- Chapter 9 Student contribution: Assessment of Atmospheric Circulation in the Atlantic-Eurasian Region and Arctic Using Climate Indices. The Possible Applications of these Indices in Long-term Weather Forecasts --- Chapter 10 Student contribution: Difficulties of Geological Engineering in Arctic Seas --- Part II Vulnerability of the Arctic societies. Chapter 11 The Health Transition: A challenge to indigenous peoples in the Arctic --- Chapter 12 Uncertainties in Arctic socio-economic scenarios --- Chapter 13 Importance of consideration of climate change at managing fish stocks: A case of northern Russian fisheries --- Chapter 14 Preservation of territories and traditional activities of the northern indigenous peoples in the period of the Arctic industrial development --- Chapter 15 The Arctic journey – design experiments in the north --- Chapter 16 The Bicycle and the Arctic. Resilient and sustainable transport in times of climate change --- Part III Building the long-term human capacity. Chapter 17 Human capital development in the Russian Arctic --- Chapter 18 Impact of wages on employment and migration in the High North of Russia --- chapter 19 Well-being in an Arctic city. Designing a longitudinal study on student relationships and perceived quality of life --- Chapter 20 Researching Links between Teacher Wellbeing and Educational Change: Case Studies from Kazakhstan and Sakha Republic --- chapter 21 Student contribution: Well-being at the Polish polar station, Svalbard: Adaptation to extreme environments --- Part IV Arcitc tourism. Chapter 22 Tourism futures in the Arctic --- chapter 23 Uniqueness as a draw for riding under the midnight sun --- Chapter 24 Arctic tourism: the design approach with reference to the Russian North --- Part V Arctic safety. Chapter 25 Maritime operations and emergency preparedness in the Arctic –competence standards for search and rescue operations contingencies in polar waters --- Chapter 26 Risk reduction as a result of implementation of the functional based IMO Polar Code in the Arctic cruise industry --- Chapter 27 Safety of industrial development and transportation routes in the Arctic (SITRA) -collaboration project for research and education of future High North experts --- Chapter 28 Safe Snow and Ice Construction to Arctic Conditions --- Chapter 29 The components of psychological safety of oil and gas shift workers in the Arctic --- Part VI Circumpolar, inclusive and reciprocal Arctic. Chapter 30 Where is gender? Cracking the Arctic box and its persistent “gender neutral” research agendas --- Chapter 31 Towards an Arctic awakening: Neocolonialism, sustainable development, emancipatory research, collective action, and Arctic regional policymaking
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 311 pages) , 78 illustrations, 69 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319575322
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-57532-2
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Freshwater Governance for the 21st Century (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environmental management ; International relations ; Behavioral sciences ; Environmental law ; Environmental policy ; Water ; Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management ; Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice ; Environmental Management ; International Relations ; Behavioral Sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction and Reflections --- 2. The Establishment of Catchment Management Agencies in South Africa with Reference to the Flussgebietsgemeinschaft Elbe: Some Practical Considerations --- 3. Towards Inclusive Water Governance: OECD Evidence and Key Principles of Stakeholder Engagement in the Water Sector --- 4. Free-Market Economics and Developmental Statism as Political Paradigms: Implications for Water Governance Theory and Practice in Developing Countries --- 5. Urban Water Governance as a Function of the “Urban Hydrosocial Transition” --- 6. Urban Water Governance for the 21st Century: A Portfolio-Based Approach to Planning and Management --- 7. Rights-Based Freshwater Governance for the 21st Century: Beyond an Exclusionary Focus on Domestic Water uses --- 8. Inclusive Transboundary Water Governance --- 9. Mechanisms for Inclusive Governance --- 10. Water Integrity - from Concept to Practice --- 11. Addressing the Groundwater Governance Challenge: A Call from the “Groundwater Governance: A Global Framework for Action” Project --- 12. Water Governance Futures in South Asia and Southern Africa: Déjà vu all Over Again?
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 250 pages) , 39 illustrations, 28 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319433509
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-43350-9
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  • 19
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    Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks - From Hagedorn Temperature to Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at CERN : With a Tribute to Rolf Hagedorn (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Physics ; History ; Nuclear physics ; Heavy ions ; Hadrons ; Particle acceleration ; Physics ; Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics ; History of Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I Reminiscences: Rolf Hagedorn and Relativistic Heavy Ion Research.-- Part II The Hagedorn Temperature --- Part III Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks Heavy Ion Path to Quark-Gluon Plasma --- Acronyms
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 441 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319175454
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-17545-4
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  • 20
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    Collider Physics within the Standard Model : A Primer (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Physics ; Quantum field theory ; String theory ; Elementary particles (Physics) ; Physics ; Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory ; Quantum Field Theories, String Theory
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface --- Gauge Theories and the Standard Model --- QCD: The Theory of Strong Interactions --- The Theory of Electroweak Interactions --- References
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 173 pages) , 60 illustrations, 34 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319519203
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-51920-3
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  • 21
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    Optics in Our Time (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Physics ; Quantum optics ; Physics ; Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices ; Quantum Optics ; Popular Science in Physics ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: History --- A brief history of light --- Ibn Al-Haitham – Father of modern optics --- Optical Sources --- Femtosecond light --- Laser --- LED light --- Electron optics --- Applications --- Biophotonics --- Optical communication --- Optical astronomy --- Solar cells --- Optics in Remote Sensing --- Optics in nanotechnology --- Optics in art --- Eye --- Optics in medicine --- Optical illusions --- Quantum Optics --- Optical tests of foundations of physics --- Nonlinear Optics: Historical Perspectives and New Opportunities --- Quantum communication --- Nature of photon --- Atom optics --- Coherent effects: From EIT to slow light
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 504 pages) , 355 illustrations, 277 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319319032
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-31903-2
    Language: English
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    Physical (A)Causality : Determinism, Randomness and Uncaused Events (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Physics ; Epistemology ; Philosophy and science ; Probabilities ; Physics ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics ; Epistemology ; Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes ; Philosophy of Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I Embedded observers, reflexive perception and representation: Intrinsic and extrinsic observation mode --- Embedded observers and self-expression --- Reflexive measurement --- Intrinsic self-representation --- Part II Provable unknowns: On what is entirely hopeless --- Forecasting and unpredictability --- Induction by rule inference --- Other types of recursion theoretic unknowables --- What if there are no laws? Emergence of laws --- Part III Quantum unknowns: "Shut up and calculate" --- Evolution by permutation --- Quantum mechanics in a nutshell --- Quantum oracles --- Vacuum fluctuations --- Radioactive decay --- Part IV Exotic unknowns: Classical continua and infinities --- Classical (in)determinism --- Deterministic chaos --- Partition logics, finite automata and generalized urn models --- Part V Transcendence: Miracles --- Dualistic interfaces --- Part VI Executive summary: Executive summary --- Appendix A: Formal (in)computability and randomness --- B: Two particle correlations and expectations
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 219 pages) , 32 illustrations, 24 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319708157
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-70815-7
    Language: English
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    Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Environmental management ; Sustainable development ; Environment ; Climate Change ; Sustainable Development ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Environmental Management
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction --- 2. Action on Climate Change: What Does it Mean and Where Does it Lead To? --- Part 1. Policy --- 3. Mainstreaming Impact Evidence in Climate Change and Sustainable Development --- 4. Pathway to Impact: Supporting and Evaluating Enabling Environments for Research for Development --- 5. Lessons from Taking Stock of 12 years of Swiss International Cooperation on Climate Change --- 6. An Analytical Framework for Evaluating a Diverse Climate Change Portfolio --- 7. Enhancing the Joint Crediting Mechanism MRV to Contribute to Sustainable Development --- Part 2. Climate Change Mitigation --- 8. Using Mixed Methods to Assessing Trade-offs Between Agricultural Decisions and Deforestation --- 9. Methodological Approach of the GEF IEO’s Climate Change Mitigation Impact Evaluation: Assessing Progress in Market Change for Reduction of CO2 Emissions --- 10. Integrating Avoided Emissions in Climate Change Evaluation Policies for LDCs: The Case of Passive Solar Houses in Afghanistan --- 11. Sustainable Development, Climate Change, and Renewable Energy in Rural Central America --- 12. Unpacking the Black Box of Technology Distribution, Development Potential and Carbon Markets Benefits --- Part 3. Climate Change Adaptation.-13. What do Evaluations Tell Us About Climate Change Adaptation? Meta-Analysis with a Realist Approach --- 14. Adaptation Processes in Agriculture and Food Security: Insights from Evaluating Behavioral Changes in West Africa --- 15. Using Participatory Approaches in Measuring Resilience and Development in Isiolo County, Kenya --- 16. Evaluating Climate Change Adaptation in Practice: A Child-Centred, Community-Based Project in the Philippines --- 17. Drought Preparedness Policies and Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience Measures in Brazil: An Institutional Change Assessment --- 18. The Adaptation M&E Navigator: A Decision Support Tool for the Selection of Suitable Approaches to Monitor and Evaluate Adaptation to Climate Change
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 355 pages) , 44 illustrations, 36 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319437026
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-43702-6
    Language: English
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    Counteracting Urban Heat Island Effects in a Global Climate Change Scenario (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Climate change ; Remote sensing ; Physics ; Environment ; Climate Change ; Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry ; Energy Efficiency ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Applied and Technical Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I The Urban Heat Island – Evidence, Measures and Tools --- Forecasting Models for Urban Warming in Climate Change --- Assessment Indication and Gold Standard --- Methodologies for UHI Analysis --- Decision Support Systems for Urban Planning --- Part II Pilot Actions in European Cities --- Counteracting Urban Heat Islands: Solutions for European Cities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LIII, 400 pages) , 213 illustrations
    ISBN: 9783319104256
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-10425-6
    Language: English
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    Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Agriculture ; Climate change ; Environmental management ; Soil science ; Soil conservation ; Air pollution ; Life Sciences ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Environmental Management
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 Introduction to the SAMPLES Approach --- Chapter 2 Targeting Landscapes to Identify Mitigation Options --- Chapter 3 Determining Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals Associated with Land Use and Land Cover Change --- Chapter 4 Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Managed and Natural Soils --- Chapter 5 A Comparison of Methodologies for Measuring Methane Emissions from Ruminants --- Chapter 6 Quantifying Tree Biomass Carbon Stocks and Fluxes in Agricultural Landscapes --- Chapter 7 Methods for Smallholder Quantification of Soil Carbon Stocks and Stock Changes --- Chapter 8 Yield Estimation of Food and Non-Food Crops in Smallholder Production Systems --- Chapter 9 Scaling Point and Plot Measurements of Greenhouse Gas Fluxes, Balances and Intensities to Whole Farms and Landscapes --- Chapter 10 Methods for Environment-Productivity Trade-off Analysis in Agricultural Systems
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 203 pages) , 33 illustrations, 27 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319297941
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-29794-1
    Language: English
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    Earth Observation Open Science and Innovation (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Earth sciences ; Remote sensing ; Environmental management ; Earth Sciences ; Earth Sciences, general ; Big Data ; Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry ; Environmental Management ; Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics)
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Over  the  past  decades,  rapid developments in digital and sensing technologies, such  as the Cloud, Web and Internet of Things, have dramatically changed the way we live and work. The digital transformation is revolutionizing our ability to monitor our planet and transforming the  way we access, process and exploit Earth Observation data from satellites. This book reviews these megatrends and their implications for the Earth Observation community as well as the wider data economy. It provides insight into new paradigms of Open Science and Innovation applied to space data, which are characterized by openness, access to large volume of complex data, wide availability of new community tools, new techniques for big data analytics such as Artificial Intelligence, unprecedented level of computing power, and new types of collaboration among researchers, innovators, entrepreneurs and citizen scientists. In addition, this book aims to provide readers with some reflections on the future of Earth Observation, highlighting through a series of use cases not just the new opportunities created by the New Space revolution, but also the new challenges that must be addressed in order to make the most of the large volume of complex and diverse data delivered by the new generation of satellites.  
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 332 pages) , 116 illustrations, 111 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319656335
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-65633-5
    Language: English
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    Rangeland Systems : Processes, Management and Challenges (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Ecology ; Climate change ; Environmental law ; Environmental policy ; Environmental management ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice ; Ecology ; Climate Change
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Conceptual development toward a rangeland systems framework --- Part: 1 Processes --- 2. Woody plant encroachment --- 3. Ecohydrology: processes and implications for rangelands --- 4. Soil and belowground processes --- 5. Structural heterogeneity as the basis for rangeland management --- 6. Non-equilibrium ecology and resilience theory --- 7. Ecological consequences of climate change on rangelands --- Part: 2 Management --- 8. Rangelands as social-ecological systems --- 9. State and transition models: theory, applications, and challenges --- 10. Livestock production systems --- 11. Adaptive management of rangeland systems --- 12. Managing the livestock-wildlife interface on rangelands --- Part: 3 Challenges --- 13. Invasive plant species and novel rangeland systems --- 14. Rangeland ecosystem services: nature´s supply and humans´ demand --- 15. Managing climate change risks in rangeland systems --- 16. Monitoring protocols: options, approaches, implementation, benefits --- 17. Rangeland systems in developing nations: conceptual advances and societal implications
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 661 pages) , 101 illustrations, 69 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319467092
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-46709-2
    Language: English
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    Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Engineering economics ; Engineering economy ; Environmental management ; Waste management ; Sustainable development ; Industrial organization ; Environmental economics ; Environment ; Sustainable Development ; Waste Management/Waste Technology ; Environmental Economics ; Industrial Organization ; Engineering Economics, Organization, Logistics, Marketing ; Environmental Management
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- General reflections --- The Price of Everything and the Value of Nothing: sustainability ‘after the crisis’ --- Impacts of global trade flows --- Stocks and flows in the performance economy --- The Embeddedness of carbon in UK Lifestyles --- Ethics of Industrial Ecology --- Complexity and prediction --- Urban metabolism --- Industrial Symbiosis --- Industrial Ecology and the Solidarity Economy --- Industrial Ecology in Developing Countries --- Material Flow Analysis and Waste Management --- Social sciences in Industrial Ecology --- Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment --- Prospective Models of Society’s Future Metabolism --- Planetary boundaries and sustainable business --- Working with policymakers --- Portugal’s national waste plan --- The Industrial Ecology of the automobile
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 362 pages) , 43 illustrations, 34 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319205717
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-20571-7
    Language: English
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    The Cellular Automaton Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Physics ; Mathematical physics ; Quantum physics ; Physics ; Quantum Physics ; Mathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: I The Cellular Automaton Interpretation as a general doctrine: Motivation for this work --- Deterministic models in quantum notation --- Interpreting quantum mechanics --- Deterministic quantum mechanics --- Concise description of the CA Interpretation --- Quantum gravity --- Information loss --- More problems --- Alleys to be further investigated and open questions --- Conclusions --- II Calculation Techniques: Introduction to part II --- More on cogwheels --- The continuum limit of cogwheels, harmonic rotators and oscillators --- Locality --- Fermions --- PQ theory --- Models in two space-time dimensions without interactions --- Symmetries --- The discretised Hamiltonian formalism in PQ theory --- Quantum Field Theory --- The cellular automaton --- The problem of quantum locality --- Conclusions of part II --- Some remarks on gravity in 2+1 dimensions --- A summary of our views on Conformal Gravity --- Abbreviations.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 298 pages) , 21 illustrations, 19 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319412856
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-41285-6
    Language: English
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    Non-Equilibrium Social Science and Policy : Introduction and Essays on New and Changing Paradigms in Socio-Economic Thinking (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Physics ; Complexity, Computational ; Economic theory ; Social sciences ; Physics ; Data-driven Science, Modeling and Theory Building ; Methodology of the Social Sciences ; Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods ; Operations Research/Decision Theory ; Complexity ; Computational Social Sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Non-Equilibrium Social Science & Policy --- Economics --- Social Psychology and Narrative Economy --- Sociology and Non-Equilibrium Social Science --- Geography far from Equilibrium --- Cities in Disequilibrium --- The Evolutionary Theory of Globalization --- Systems, Networks, and Policy --- Towards a Complexity-Friendly Policy: breaking the vicious circle of equilibrium thinking in economic and public policy --- The Information Economy --- Complexity Science & the Art of Policy Making --- The Complexity of Government --- The Room Around the Elephant: Tackling Context-Dependency in the Social Sciences --- Global Systems Science and Policy --- Index.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 232 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319424248
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-42424-8
    Language: English
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    Earth Observation Open Science and Innovation (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Earth sciences ; Remote sensing ; Environmental management ; Earth Sciences ; Earth Sciences, general ; Big Data ; Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry ; Environmental Management ; Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics)
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Over  the  past  decades,  rapid developments in digital and sensing technologies, such  as the Cloud, Web and Internet of Things, have dramatically changed the way we live and work. The digital transformation is revolutionizing our ability to monitor our planet and transforming the  way we access, process and exploit Earth Observation data from satellites. This book reviews these megatrends and their implications for the Earth Observation community as well as the wider data economy. It provides insight into new paradigms of Open Science and Innovation applied to space data, which are characterized by openness, access to large volume of complex data, wide availability of new community tools, new techniques for big data analytics such as Artificial Intelligence, unprecedented level of computing power, and new types of collaboration among researchers, innovators, entrepreneurs and citizen scientists. In addition, this book aims to provide readers with some reflections on the future of Earth Observation, highlighting through a series of use cases not just the new opportunities created by the New Space revolution, but also the new challenges that must be addressed in order to make the most of the large volume of complex and diverse data delivered by the new generation of satellites.  
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 332 pages) , 116 illustrations, 111 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319656335
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-65633-5
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    Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea (2016)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Environmental management ; Political science ; Wildlife ; Fish ; Marine sciences ; Freshwater ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Political Science ; Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management ; Marine & Freshwater Sciences ; Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea: Identifying Key Challenges Research Topics and Analytical Approaches. Part 1: Interdisciplinary Case Studies of Environmental Governance --- Chapter 2. Eutrophication and the Ecosystem Approach to Management: A Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 3. Fisheries: A Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 4. Biological Invasions: a Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 5. Governance of Chemicals in the Baltic Sea Region: A Study of Three Generations of Hazardous Substances --- Chapter 6. Oil Spills from Shipping: A Case Study of the Governance of Accidental Hazards and Intentional Pollution in the Baltic Sea --- Part 2: Cross-Case Analysis of Key Environmental Governance Challenges --- Chapter 7. The Ecosystem Approach to Management in Baltic Sea Governance: Towards Increased Reflexivity? --- Chapter 8. Science-Policy Interfaces in Baltic Sea Environmental Governance: Towards Regional Cooperation and Management of Uncertainty? --- Chapter 9. Risk Communication and the Role of the Public: Towards Inclusive Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea? --- Chapter 10. Seeking Pathways Towards Improved Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 253 pages) , 10 illustrations, 3 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319270067
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-27006-7
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    Rangeland Systems : Processes, Management and Challenges (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Environment ; Ecology ; Climate change ; Environmental law ; Environmental policy ; Environmental management ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice ; Ecology ; Climate Change
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Conceptual development toward a rangeland systems framework --- Part: 1 Processes --- 2. Woody plant encroachment --- 3. Ecohydrology: processes and implications for rangelands --- 4. Soil and belowground processes --- 5. Structural heterogeneity as the basis for rangeland management --- 6. Non-equilibrium ecology and resilience theory --- 7. Ecological consequences of climate change on rangelands --- Part: 2 Management --- 8. Rangelands as social-ecological systems --- 9. State and transition models: theory, applications, and challenges --- 10. Livestock production systems --- 11. Adaptive management of rangeland systems --- 12. Managing the livestock-wildlife interface on rangelands --- Part: 3 Challenges --- 13. Invasive plant species and novel rangeland systems --- 14. Rangeland ecosystem services: nature´s supply and humans´ demand --- 15. Managing climate change risks in rangeland systems --- 16. Monitoring protocols: options, approaches, implementation, benefits --- 17. Rangeland systems in developing nations: conceptual advances and societal implications
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 661 pages) , 101 illustrations, 69 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319467092
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-46709-2
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    Designing Sustainable Technologies, Products and Policies : From Science to Innovation (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Sustainable development ; Environmental management ; Renewable energy sources ; Industrial management-Environmen ; Sustainable Development ; Environmental Management ; Renewable and Green Energy ; Environmental Science and Engineering ; Sustainability Management
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Introducing Life Cycle Management --- Introduction: Life Cycle Management --- Life Cycle Management: Implementing Sustainability in Business Practice --- Life Cycle Management as a Way to Operationalize Sustainability Within Organizations --- How to Implement Life Cycle Management in Business? --- Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: A Tool for Exercising due Diligence in Life Cycle Management --- Life Cycle Management: Labeling, Declarations and Certifications at the Product Level —Different Approaches --- Mainstreaming the Use of Life Cycle Management in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Using a Sector Based and Regional Approach --- Part II: Advancing the Implementation of Life Cycle Management in Business Practice --- From Projects to Processes to Implement Life Cycle Management in Business --- How to Make the LCA Team a Business Partner --- Sustainability Improvements and Life Cycle Approaches in Industry Partnerships --- Sustainable Value Creation with Life Cycle Management --- Part III: Life Cycle Management as Part of Sustainable Consumption and Production Strategies and Policies --- Hotspots Analysis: Providing the Focus for Action --- From Sustainable Production to Sustainable Consumption.-Life Cycle Management Responsibilities and Procedures in the Value Chain --- Policy Options for Life Cycle Assessment Deployment in Legislation --- Part IV: Mainstreaming and Capacity Building on Life Cycle Management --- Taking Life Cycle Management Mainstream: Integration in Corporate Finance and Accounting --- Building Organizational Capability for Life Cycle Management --- Promoting Life Cycle Thinking, Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Management Within Business in Brazil --- Mainstreaming Life Cycle Sustainability Management in Rapidly Growing and Emerging Economies Through Capacity-building.-Communication and Collaboration as Essential Elements for Mainstreaming Life Cycle Management.-Part V: Implementation and Case Studies of Life Cycle Management in Different Business and Industry Sector --- Exploring Challenges and Opportunities of Life Cycle Management in the Electricity Sector --- Life Cycle Management Applied to Urban Fabric Planning --- Implementing Life Cycle Engineering in Automotive Development as a Helpful Management Tool to Support Design for Environment --- Managing Life cycle Sustainability Aspects in the Automotive Industry --- Life Cycle Management as a Way to Operationalize the Creating Shared Value Concept in the Food and Beverage Industry: A Case Study
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 520 pages) , 106 illustrations, 27 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319669816
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-66981-6
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    Observing the Volcano World : Volcano Crisis Communication (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Earth sciences ; Geology ; Natural disasters ; Environmental management ; Communication ; Earth Sciences ; Natural Hazards ; Geology ; Environmental Management ; Communication Studies
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Bill McGuire --- Volcano Crisis Communication: Challenges and Solutions in the 21st Century --- Volcanic Gases: Silent Killers --- The Communication and Risk Management of Volcanic Ballistic Hazards --- Part One Summary: Adapting Warnings for Volcanic Hazards --- Part II: Gill Jolly --- Volcanic Unrest and Hazard Communication in Long Valley Volcanic Region, California --- Organisational Response to the 2007 Ruapehu Crater Lake Dam-Break Lahar in New Zealand: Use of Communication in Creating an Effective Response --- Social Representation of Human Resettlement Associated with Risk from Volcán de Colima, Mexico --- Part Two Summary: Observing Volcanic Crises --- Part III: Deanne Bird and Kat Haynes --- Communicating Information on Eruptions and Their Impacts from the Earliest Times Until the Late Twentieth Century --- “There’s no Plastic in Our Volcano”: A Story About Losing and Finding a Path to Participatory Volcanic Risk Management in Colombia --- Challenges of Volcanic Crises on Small Islands States --- Living with an Active Volcano: Informal and Community Learning for Preparedness in South of Japan --- Part Three Summary: Communicating into the Future. Volcanic Crisis Communication: Where Do We Go from Here?
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 771 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319440972
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-44097-2
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    Foundations of Quantum Theory : From Classical Concepts to Operator Algebras (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Physics ; Matrix theory ; Algebra ; Mathematical physics ; Quantum physics ; Physics ; Quantum Physics ; Mathematical Physics ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Linear and Multilinear Algebras, Matrix Theory
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- Part I Co(X) and B(H): Classical physics on a finite phase space --- Quantum mechanics on a finite-dimensional Hilbert space --- Classical physics on a general phase space --- Quantum physics on a general Hilbert space --- Symmetry in quantum mechanics --- Part II Between Co(X) and B(H): Classical models of quantum mechanics --- Limits: Small hbar --- Limits: large N --- Symmetry in algebraic quantum theory --- Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking --- The Measurement Problem --- Topos theory and quantum logic --- Appendix A: Finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces --- Appendix B: Basic functional analysis --- Appendix C: Operator algebras --- Appendix D: Lattices and logic --- Appendix E: Category theory and topos theory --- References
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 861 pages) , 9 illustrations, 8 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319517773
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-51777-3
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    [In Depth] Long-delayed nuclear center looks set for construction (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Description: After many years of delays, the €1.7 billion Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, an extension of the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, Germany, may finally get built. At a council meeting on 27 and 28 June, the partner countries—eight European Union members plus India and Russia—concluded that they have enough money to cover a €320 million budget gap; they will now seek building permits from the German government. Still, some countries have yet to commit their share of the missing cash, including Russia, which had agreed to bear about 18% of FAIR's total construction cost, the second largest contribution after Germany's 70%. Author: Edwin Cartlidge
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    [Editors' Choice] Watching phonons propagate (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Author: Jelena Stajic
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    [Editors' Choice] Shaping the interaction potential (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-15
    Description: Author: Jelena Stajic
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    [This Week in Science] Imaging electromagnetic waveforms (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-22
    Description: Author: Ian S. Osborne
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    [Editors' Choice] Making sense of transport in WSe2 (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-08
    Description: Author: Jelena Stajic
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    [Perspective] A benchmark for materials simulation (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-25
    Description: Density functional theory (DFT) stands out from all first-principles quantum mechanical methods for the simulation of materials, as it enables very good approximations for the complicated components of electronic motion called exchange and correlation. DFT is the method of choice for many materials simulations because of the availability of general-purpose programs that can perform calculations on any material. Results obtained with one DFT program need to be reproducible by any of the other DFT programs, and this has not been straightforward up to now. On page 10.1126/science.aad3000 of this issue, Lejaeghere et al. (1) describe an extensive effort by developers of the major solid-state DFT codes to provide a unified and reproducible benchmark of precision for their calculations based on a reliable criterion, the so-called Δ gauge. Using the Δ gauge, the authors found that the level of precision that can be achieved today in DFT calculations of elemental crystalline solids is comparable to the precision of the most advanced techniques for experimental measurement of the properties of materials. The work leads to the conclusion that the DFT simulation of elemental crystalline solids is a (computationally) solved problem, but also poses the question of whether we can achieve the same levels of validation and reproducibility for more complex simulations of materials involving several elements and/or several methods. Author: Chris-Kriton Skylaris
    Keywords: Physics
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    [Perspective] Timing photoemission—Final state matters (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-01
    Description: The photoemission of electrons from atoms, molecules, and condensed matter provides the experimental basis of our understanding of electronic structure. During the process of photoemission, a sufficiently large quantum of electromagnetic radiation (a photon) is absorbed by matter and converted into an electronic excitation, promoting a bound electron into a final state above the vacuum energy Evac. In photoemission spectroscopy, the kinetic energy and momentum of electrons in such final states are analyzed after their propagation to a distant detector. To determine the electronic structure of the sample, the “sudden approximation” has to be fulfilled, whereby the photoelectron leaves the sample fast enough, without further interaction with the remaining electronic structure. On page 62 of this issue, Tao et al. (1) provide unprecedented insight into final-state dynamics by measuring the time a photoelectron takes to leave a solid material for characteristically different final states. By comparing an electron excited to a final state of a nickel solid Ψ Nif with one excited to a state of vacuum Ψ vacf, they establish that a photoelectron resides in the final state for 200 attoseconds (as) (2 × 10−16 s) before it leaves the nickel (see the figure). Such time scales would still allow for the electron to interact with its surroundings and, thus, are relevant for the validity of the sudden approximation. Authors: Uwe Bovensiepen, Manuel Ligges
    Keywords: Physics
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    [Editors' Choice] A partially protected surface state (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-24
    Description: Author: Jelena Stajic
    Keywords: Physics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    [Book Review] The supercollider that wasn't (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-16
    Description: When a multibillion-dollar physics experiment is canceled, it's tempting to look for lessons that can be applied to future megascience projects. A new book on the rise and fall of the Superconducting Supercollider (SSC) by a trio of science historians takes on that challenge. And while the authors do an excellent job of describing what occurred in the decade from its inception to its demise, they stumble when trying to assign blame. Author: Jeffrey Mervis
    Keywords: Physics
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    Taiwan. Researchers say new institutes offer them a chance 'to do good science' (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 19;288(5469):1165.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10841732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics ; Animals ; Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Chloroplasts/genetics ; Drosophila/genetics ; Interferometry ; *Molecular Biology/economics ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; *Research/economics ; Research Support as Topic ; Taiwan
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    Free-electron lasers. Status and applications (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-09
    Description: A free-electron laser consists of an electron beam propagating through a periodic magnetic field. Today such lasers are used for research in materials science, chemical technology, biophysical science, medical applications, surface studies, and solid-state physics. Free-electron lasers with higher average power and shorter wavelengths are under development. Future applications range from industrial processing of materials to light sources for soft and hard x-rays.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Shea, P G -- Freund, H P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1853-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Plasma Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemical Phenomena ; Biochemistry ; Biological Science Disciplines ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Electrons ; Laser Therapy ; *Lasers ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; *Research
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    Breakthrough of the year. The runners-up (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2443-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Axons/physiology ; Benzamides ; Carbon ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; Electronics ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Piperazines/therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines/therapeutic use ; Rna ; *Research ; *Science
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    Kleiber and Planck: the missing link? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Radny, Marian W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):59; author reply 59.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12365438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Carnivora/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Food ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Population Density
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    Underground laboratory. U.S. researchers go for scientific gold mine (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):1979.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Financing, Government ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Gold ; *Laboratories ; *Mining ; *Natural Science Disciplines ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Research ; United States
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    Machine learning for science: state of the art and future prospects (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: Recent advances in machine learning methods, along with successful applications across a wide variety of fields such as planetary science and bioinformatics, promise powerful new tools for practicing scientists. This viewpoint highlights some useful characteristics of modern machine learning methods and their relevance to scientific applications. We conclude with some speculations on near-term progress and promising directions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mjolsness, E -- DeCoste, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2051-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Machine Learning Systems Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA. mjolsness@jpl.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Cluster Analysis ; *Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Robotics
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    Toward self-organization and complex matter (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: Beyond molecular chemistry based on the covalent bond, supramolecular chemistry aims at developing highly complex chemical systems from components interacting through noncovalent intermolecular forces. Over the past quarter century, supramolecular chemistry has grown into a major field and has fueled numerous developments at the interfaces with biology and physics. Some of the conceptual advances and future challenges are profiled here.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lehn, Jean-Marie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2400-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Science et d'Ingenierie Supramoleculaires (ISIS), Universite Louis Pasteur, 67000 Strasbourg, and College de France, 75005 Paris, France. lehn@chimie.u-strasbg.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemical Phenomena ; *Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Molecular Structure ; Nanotechnology ; Physical Phenomena ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Physics ; *Polymers/chemistry
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    Poetic and polemic (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-03
    Keywords: Physics
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    Cranking up the field (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publication Date: 2018-08-03
    Keywords: Physics
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    Scale-invariant magnetoresistance in a cuprate superconductor (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publication Date: 2018-08-03
    Description: The anomalous metallic state in the high-temperature superconducting cuprates is masked by superconductivity near a quantum critical point. Applying high magnetic fields to suppress superconductivity has enabled detailed studies of the normal state, yet the direct effect of strong magnetic fields on the metallic state is poorly understood. We report the high-field magnetoresistance of thin-film La 2– x Sr x CuO 4 cuprate in the vicinity of the critical doping, 0.161 ≤ p ≤ 0.190. We find that the metallic state exposed by suppressing superconductivity is characterized by magnetoresistance that is linear in magnetic fields up to 80 tesla. The magnitude of the linear-in-field resistivity mirrors the magnitude and doping evolution of the well-known linear-in-temperature resistivity that has been associated with quantum criticality in high-temperature superconductors.
    Keywords: Physics
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    Time and place of electron exit (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-22
    Keywords: Physics
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    Tunable quantum criticality and super-ballistic transport in a "charge" Kondo circuit (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-22
    Description: Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) are ubiquitous in strongly correlated materials. However, the microscopic complexity of these systems impedes the quantitative understanding of QPTs. We observed and thoroughly analyzed the rich strongly correlated physics in two profoundly dissimilar regimes of quantum criticality. With a circuit implementing a quantum simulator for the three-channel Kondo model, we reveal the universal scalings toward different low-temperature fixed points and along the multiple crossovers from quantum criticality. An unanticipated violation of the maximum conductance for ballistic free electrons is uncovered. The present charge pseudospin implementation of a Kondo impurity opens access to a broad variety of strongly correlated phenomena.
    Keywords: Physics
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    Orientation-dependent stereo Wigner time delay and electron localization in a small molecule (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-22
    Description: Attosecond metrology of atoms has accessed the time scale of the most fundamental processes in quantum mechanics. Transferring the time-resolved photoelectric effect from atoms to molecules considerably increases experimental and theoretical challenges. Here we show that orientation- and energy-resolved measurements characterize the molecular stereo Wigner time delay. This observable provides direct information on the localization of the excited electron wave packet within the molecular potential. Furthermore, we demonstrate that photoelectrons resulting from the dissociative ionization process of the CO molecule are preferentially emitted from the carbon end for dissociative 2 states and from the center and oxygen end for the 2 states of the molecular ion. Supported by comprehensive theoretical calculations, this work constitutes a complete spatially and temporally resolved reconstruction of the molecular photoelectric effect.
    Keywords: Physics
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    Going beyond the first Chern number (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-29
    Keywords: Physics
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    Heterogeneous to homogeneous melting transition visualized with ultrafast electron diffraction (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-29
    Description: The ultrafast laser excitation of matters leads to nonequilibrium states with complex solid-liquid phase-transition dynamics. We used electron diffraction at mega–electron volt energies to visualize the ultrafast melting of gold on the atomic scale length. For energy densities approaching the irreversible melting regime, we first observed heterogeneous melting on time scales of 100 to 1000 picoseconds, transitioning to homogeneous melting that occurs catastrophically within 10 to 20 picoseconds at higher energy densities. We showed evidence for the heterogeneous coexistence of solid and liquid. We determined the ion and electron temperature evolution and found superheated conditions. Our results constrain the electron-ion coupling rate, determine the Debye temperature, and reveal the melting sensitivity to nucleation seeds.
    Keywords: Physics
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    Observation of the topological Anderson insulator in disordered atomic wires (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: Topology and disorder have a rich combined influence on quantum transport. To probe their interplay, we synthesized one-dimensional chiral symmetric wires with controllable disorder via spectroscopic Hamiltonian engineering, based on the laser-driven coupling of discrete momentum states of ultracold atoms. Measuring the bulk evolution of a topological indicator after a sudden quench, we observed the topological Anderson insulator phase, in which added disorder drives the band structure of a wire from topologically trivial to nontrivial. In addition, we observed the robustness of topologically nontrivial wires to weak disorder and measured the transition to a trivial phase in the presence of strong disorder. Atomic interactions in this quantum simulation platform may enable realizations of strongly interacting topological fluids.
    Keywords: Physics
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    Playing with particle physics (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-30
    Keywords: Physics
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    Making a practical valleytronics device (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publication Date: 2018-12-07
    Keywords: Physics
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    A valley valve and electron beam splitter (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publication Date: 2018-12-07
    Description: Developing alternative paradigms of electronics beyond silicon technology requires the exploration of fundamentally new physical mechanisms, such as the valley-specific phenomena in hexagonal two-dimensional materials. We realize ballistic valley Hall kink states in bilayer graphene and demonstrate gate-controlled current transmission in a four-kink router device. The operations of a waveguide, a valve, and a tunable electron beam splitter are demonstrated. The valley valve exploits the valley-momentum locking of the kink states and reaches an on/off ratio of 8 at zero magnetic field. A magnetic field enables a full-range tunable coherent beam splitter. These results pave a path to building a scalable, coherent quantum transportation network based on the kink states.
    Keywords: Physics
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    More to imaging than meets the eye (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Keywords: Physics
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    Cooperative quantum magnetism (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publication Date: 2018-08-24
    Keywords: Physics
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    Quantum entanglement of the spin and orbital angular momentum of photons using metamaterials (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
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    Publication Date: 2018-09-14
    Description: Metamaterials constructed from deep subwavelength building blocks have been used to demonstrate phenomena ranging from negative refractive index and -near-zero to cloaking, emulations of general relativity, and superresolution imaging. More recently, metamaterials have been suggested as a new platform for quantum optics. We present the use of a dielectric metasurface to generate entanglement between the spin and orbital angular momentum of photons. We demonstrate the generation of the four Bell states on a single photon by using the geometric phase that arises from the photonic spin-orbit interaction and subsequently show nonlocal correlations between two photons that interacted with the metasurface. Our results show that metamaterials are suitable for the generation and manipulation of entangled photon states, introducing the area of quantum optics metamaterials.
    Keywords: Physics
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    Quantum metasurface for multiphoton interference and state reconstruction (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-14
    Description: Metasurfaces based on resonant nanophotonic structures have enabled innovative types of flat-optics devices that often outperform the capabilities of bulk components, yet these advances remain largely unexplored for quantum applications. We show that nonclassical multiphoton interferences can be achieved at the subwavelength scale in all-dielectric metasurfaces. We simultaneously image multiple projections of quantum states with a single metasurface, enabling a robust reconstruction of amplitude, phase, coherence, and entanglement of multiphoton polarization-encoded states. One- and two-photon states are reconstructed through nonlocal photon correlation measurements with polarization-insensitive click detectors positioned after the metasurface, and the scalability to higher photon numbers is established theoretically. Our work illustrates the feasibility of ultrathin quantum metadevices for the manipulation and measurement of multiphoton quantum states, with applications in free-space quantum imaging and communications.
    Keywords: Physics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Measurement of a superconducting qubit with a microwave photon counter (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-21
    Description: Fast, high-fidelity measurement is a key ingredient for quantum error correction. Conventional approaches to the measurement of superconducting qubits, involving linear amplification of a microwave probe tone followed by heterodyne detection at room temperature, do not scale well to large system sizes. We introduce an approach to measurement based on a microwave photon counter demonstrating raw single-shot measurement fidelity of 92%. Moreover, the intrinsic damping of the photon counter is used to extract the energy released by the measurement process, allowing repeated high-fidelity quantum nondemolition measurements. Our scheme provides access to the classical outcome of projective quantum measurement at the millikelvin stage and could form the basis for a scalable quantum-to-classical interface.
    Keywords: Physics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Making ultrafast cycles of light (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-28
    Keywords: Physics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Quantum oscillations in an insulator (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-05
    Keywords: Physics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Insulator or a metal? (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-05
    Keywords: Physics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Quantum oscillations of electrical resistivity in an insulator (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-05
    Description: In metals, orbital motions of conduction electrons on the Fermi surface are quantized in magnetic fields, which is manifested by quantum oscillations in electrical resistivity. This Landau quantization is generally absent in insulators. Here, we report a notable exception in an insulator—ytterbium dodecaboride (YbB 12 ). The resistivity of YbB 12 , which is of a much larger magnitude than the resistivity in metals, exhibits distinct quantum oscillations. These unconventional oscillations arise from the insulating bulk, even though the temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude follows the conventional Fermi liquid theory of metals with a large effective mass. Quantum oscillations in the magnetic torque are also observed, albeit with a lighter effective mass.
    Keywords: Physics
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    Magnons propagating in graphene (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-12
    Keywords: Physics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Electrical generation and detection of spin waves in a quantum Hall ferromagnet (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-12
    Description: Spin waves are collective excitations of magnetic systems. An attractive setting for studying long-lived spin-wave physics is the quantum Hall (QH) ferromagnet, which forms spontaneously in clean two-dimensional electron systems at low temperature and in a perpendicular magnetic field. We used out-of-equilibrium occupation of QH edge channels in graphene to excite and detect spin waves in magnetically ordered QH states. Our experiments provide direct evidence for long-distance spin-wave propagation through different ferromagnetic phases in the N = 0 Landau level, as well as across the insulating canted antiferromagnetic phase. Our results will enable experimental investigation of the fundamental magnetic properties of these exotic two-dimensional electron systems.
    Keywords: Physics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The meaning of hydrophobicity (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dill, K A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 12;250(4978):297-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Energy Transfer ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; *Protein Conformation ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Solutions
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    Superconducting Super Collider. Senate issues a stay of execution (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamilton, D P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 7;257(5071):737.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Government Agencies ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Science, citation, and funding (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 22;251(5000):1408-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2006414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Publishing/*trends ; Research Support as Topic ; Science/*methods ; Sociology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Accelerator physics. The next big beam? (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clery, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):142-3. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5962.142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056871" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Medical Oncology/*instrumentation ; Nuclear Reactors ; Particle Accelerators/*instrumentation ; Physics ; Protons/therapeutic use ; Thorium
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Germany. Fraud investigations come up dry (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):150.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; Germany ; Neurosciences ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Publishing ; Research/*standards ; Research Support as Topic ; *Scientific Misconduct
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  • 81
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    Living and nonliving matter (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stec, Boguslaw -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):41-4; author reply 41-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Cells ; *Life ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Selection, Genetic ; Thermodynamics
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    Physical limits and design principles for plant and fungal movements (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-28
    Description: The typical scales for plant and fungal movements vary over many orders of magnitude in time and length, but they are ultimately based on hydraulics and mechanics. We show that quantification of the length and time scales involved in plant and fungal motions leads to a natural classification, whose physical basis can be understood through an analysis of the mechanics of water transport through an elastic tissue. Our study also suggests a design principle for nonmuscular hydraulically actuated structures: Rapid actuation requires either small size or the enhancement of motion on large scales via elastic instabilities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skotheim, Jan M -- Mahadevan, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 27;308(5726):1308-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15919993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Wall/physiology ; Droseraceae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Elasticity ; Euphorbiaceae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Fungi/cytology/*physiology ; Mathematics ; Movement ; Mucorales/cytology/physiology ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Plant Leaves/*physiology ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Plants/anatomy & histology ; Pressure ; Time Factors ; Viscosity ; Water/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The scaling of animal space use (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: Space used by animals increases with increasing body size. Energy requirements alone can explain how population density decreases, but not the steep rate at which home range area increases. We present a general mechanistic model that predicts the frequency of interaction, spatial overlap, and loss of resources to neighbors. Extensive empirical evidence supports the model, demonstrating that spatial constraints on defense cause exclusivity of home range use to decrease with increasing body size. In large mammals, over 90% of available resources may be lost to neighbors. Our model offers a general framework to understand animal space use and sociality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jetz, Walter -- Carbone, Chris -- Fulford, Jenny -- Brown, James H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):266-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003, USA. wjetz@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Environment ; *Homing Behavior ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Breakthrough of the year. Scorecard 2003 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2012.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Animals ; Biological Warfare ; Ecosystem ; Genome ; Information Dissemination ; Mars ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Publishing ; *Science ; Security Measures
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    Breakthrough of the year. The runners-up (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2013-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Cloning, Organism ; DNA, Intergenic ; Genome ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Public Health ; *Science ; Water/chemistry
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    Engineering peak performance (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, Adrian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):643-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomechanical Phenomena ; *Engineering ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Mechanics ; Physics ; Research Support as Topic ; *Sports ; *Sports Equipment ; United States
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    Profile: Rajan Gupta (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1281.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Career Choice ; Emigration and Immigration ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; India ; Physics ; Public Health ; United States
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    New facilities. ITER tops DOE's list of next big science projects (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- Cho, Adrian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1126-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computers ; Facility Design and Construction ; Financing, Government ; Molecular Biology ; Nuclear Reactors ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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    The aerodynamics of free-flight maneuvers in Drosophila (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: Using three-dimensional infrared high-speed video, we captured the wing and body kinematics of free-flying fruit flies as they performed rapid flight maneuvers. We then "replayed" the wing kinematics on a dynamically scaled robotic model to measure the aerodynamic forces produced by the wings. The results show that a fly generates rapid turns with surprisingly subtle modifications in wing motion, which nonetheless generate sufficient torque for the fly to rotate its body through each turn. The magnitude and time course of the torque and body motion during rapid turns indicate that inertia, not friction, dominates the flight dynamics of insects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fry, Steven N -- Sayaman, Rosalyn -- Dickinson, Michael H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):495-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neuroinformatics, University/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acceleration ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Body Constitution ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Flight, Animal/*physiology ; Friction ; Mathematics ; Motion ; Movement ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Robotics ; Rotation ; Torque ; Video Recording ; Wings, Animal/*physiology
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  • 90
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    2004 science budget. Congress wants the twain to meet (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):444.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines ; Budgets ; Financing, Government ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Natural Science Disciplines ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 91
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    Ecology. Keeping an eye on the neighbors (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buskirk, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):238-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. marten@uwyo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Environment ; *Homing Behavior ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Science in Iran. An Islamic science revolution? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1802-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16166490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; *Biotechnology ; Iran ; *Islam ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Publishing ; *Research ; *Science
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Fred Kavli profile. A new benefactor takes aim at basic scientific questions (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Irion, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):340-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15661986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes ; *Foundations ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Nanotechnology ; Neurosciences ; Norway ; Physics ; Research ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Breakthrough of the year: areas to watch in 2006 (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 23;310(5756):1885.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16373543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds ; Cosmic Radiation ; Environmental Microbiology ; Gravitation ; Humans ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Rna ; Research/*trends
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neuroscience. BRAIN project meets physics (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):954-5. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6187.954.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Engineering/*instrumentation ; Biomedical Research/*instrumentation ; Brain/*physiology ; Humans ; Neurosciences/economics/*trends ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Breakthrough of the year. The runners-up (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-01-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2039-45.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14700029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Climate ; Germ Cells/cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/etiology/genetics ; Neoplasms/blood supply/drug therapy ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; RNA, Antisense ; *Science/trends ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Y Chromosome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    [Perspective] Superconductivity on the edge (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-20
    Description: Standard superconductors consist of a condensate of paired electrons, called Cooper pairs. The transport behavior of these pairs at junctions can produce exotic effects that are of fundamental and practical interest. When two superconductors are in contact via a normal metal, the pairs must convert to single-particle states to traverse between superconductors. This occurs by the Andreev process, whereby a low-energy electron in the normal metal injects a Cooper pair into the superconductor and generates a hole that reflects back into the metal; coherent, opposite-momentum electron-hole pairs then carry the supercurrent across the metallic junction (1) (see the figure, panel A). In the case of superconductors connected to a quantum Hall state, there are only one-way paths along the junction edges. Here, a new type of Andreev process is predicted to occur, whereby electron and hole states on opposite sample edges carry the supercurrent. This prediction was made more than 20 years ago (2), but clear observation of the effect was frustrated by the difficulty of creating coexisting superconducting and quantum Hall states. On page 966 of this issue, Amet et al. (3) report on the interplay between these two states, finding evidence for the unconventional Andreev process. Their results confirm new physics that appears when two correlated states are connected, and opens the door to a range of novel excitations and exotic devices. Author: Nadya Mason
    Keywords: Physics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    [Perspective] To see the world in a grain of spins (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-11
    Description: Grappling with our desire to understand nature, we construct models of the specific systems that we wish to study. Unsurprisingly, such models are generally highly tailored to the system of interest. But are all these models really that distinct? Or, could there be a universal model that can somehow describe the behavior of any system we could think of? On page 1180 of this issue, De las Cuevas and Cubitt (1) venture out to weave ideas from physics and computer science in an attempt to answer this question for all classical spin models. Author: Stephanie Wehner
    Keywords: Physics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    [Perspective] Squeezing into superconductivity (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-18
    Description: The recent report of superconductivity in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by Drozdov et al. (1) at a record high superconducting critical temperature Tc of 203 K and at high pressure (153 GPa) triggered excitement from both a fundamental and technological perspective. On page 1303 of this issue, Troyan et al. (2) confirm the finding by using an elegant and unexpected implementation of the Mössbauer technique at the third-generation synchrotron facility in Grenoble, France. They measured the Meissner effect (3)—the expulsion of magnetic field from the sample—thereby unequivocally confirming the existence of superconductivity. The new superconductor is believed to have a simple chemical formula, H3S. The superconductivity in H3S was predicted theoretically by Duan et al. (4) before the first experimental findings were reported. The technique has great potential for future studies of tiny samples squeezed to extremely high pressure. This experimental advance paves the road to probing superconductivity in metallic hydrogen, which is expected to be a room-temperature superconductor above 500 GPa (5). Author: Viktor Struzhkin
    Keywords: Physics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    [Perspective] Electrons go with the flow in exotic material systems (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-04
    Description: Turn a switch and the light goes on. The layman's perception is that this is like opening a tap so that the water starts running. But this analogy is misleading. The flow of water is governed by the theory of hydrodynamics, whereby the behavior of the fluid does not require knowledge of the motions of individual molecules. Electrical currents in solids, however, are formed from electrons. In metals, these do not collide with each other, but they do scatter from lattice imperfections. The resulting “Knudsen flow” of electrons is reminiscent of the avalanche of balls cascading through a dense forest of pins, as in a Pachinko machine. On pages 1058, 1055, and 1061 of this issue, evidence is presented that electrons can actually yield to the laws of hydrodynamics (1–3). What is additionally surprising is that these observations are in agreement with mathematical techniques borrowed from string theory (4). These techniques have been applied to describe strongly interacting forms of quantum matter, predicting that they should exhibit hydrodynamic flows (5). Author: Jan Zaanen
    Keywords: Physics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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