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  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases  (14)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations
  • Elsevier Science Limited  (14)
  • Birkhauser  (2)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (1)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1
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    Chemical and isotopical characterisation of fluid manifestations of Ischia Island (Italy) (2021)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Between 1994 and 1995, gas samples from fumaroles and thermal waters were collected on Ischia Island. The chemical composition of the shallow and deep natural hydrothermal fluids discharged is related to the main hydrological and lithological characteristics of the rock formations present in the reservoir. A biphase reservoir (liquid 1 gas) is identified, where the dominant liquid has a temperature of about 2808C. On the basis of d 13CTDC values it was possible to hypothesize a deep source characterised by carbon isotopic values varying from 0 to 23d‰. These values are noticeably more positive with respect to those attributed to magmatic CO2 d13CCO2 ranging from 25 to 28d ‰), thus suggesting a magmatic source modified by crustal contamination. This hypothesis is supported by the carbon isotopic composition of CO2 in sampled gases, which varied from 0 to 25d‰. The inferred isotopic value of carbon of magmatic CO2 would then be about 22d‰. The observed differences in C isotopic composition between fumarolic and magmatic gases would be caused by kinetic and/or equilibrium fractionation processes. These processes would cause a fractionation of d 13C of deep CO2 towards more negative values (down to 25‰). Actually, CO2 removal or addition processes caused by the interaction between deep gases and shallow hydrothermal waters are likely to be responsible for the different chemical and isotopic compositions of gaseous emissions. For these reasons, and on the basis of the homogeneity of geothermometric values, the existence of a single, large reservoir that feeds all of the fluids discharged at Ischia Island can be hypothesised. Based on acquired data, a new geochemical model of the geothermal system of Ischia Island is proposed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 151-178
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: gas thermometers; water geothermometer; dissolved gases; geothermal system; Ischia Island ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Origin and interactions of fluids circulating over the Amik Basin (Hatay, Turkey) and relationships with the hydrologic, geologic and tectonic settings (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: We investigated the geochemical features of the fluids circulating over the Amik Basin (SE Turkey–Syria border), which is crossed by the Northern extension of theDSF (Dead Sea Fault) and represents the boundary area of three tectonic plates (Anatolian, Arabian and African plates). We collected 34 water samples (thermal and cold from natural springs and boreholes) as well as 8 gas samples (bubbling and gas seepage) besides the gases dissolved in the sampled waters. The results show that the dissolved gas phase is a mixture of shallow (atmospheric) and deep components either of mantle and crustal origin. Coherently the sampled waters are variable mixtures of shallow and deep ground waters, the latter being characterised by higher salinity and longer residence times. The deep groundwaters (fromboreholes deeper than 1000 m)have a CH4-dominated dissolved gas phase related to the presence of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The very unique tectonic setting of the area includes the presence of an ophiolitic block outcropping in the westernmost area on the African Plate, as well as basalts located to the North and East on the Arabic Plate. The diffuse presence of CO2-enriched gases, although diluted by the huge groundwater circulation, testifies a regional degassing activity. Fluids circulating over the ophiolitic block are marked by H2-dominated gases with abiogenic methane and high-pH waters. The measured 3He/4He isotopic ratios display contributions from both crustal and mantle-derived sources over both sides of the DSF. Although the serpentinization process is generally independent from mantle-type contribution, the recorded helium isotopic ratios highlight variable contents of mantle-derived fluids. Due to the absence of recent volcanism over the western side of the basin (African Plate), we argue that CO2-rich volatiles carrying mantle-type helium and enriched in heavy carbon, are degassed by deep-rooted regional faults rather than from volcanic sources.
    Description: Published
    Description: 23–39
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Dead Sea Fault ; Hydrogeochemistry ; Gas geochemistry ; He isotopes ; C isotopes ; Ophiolites ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.02. Carbon cycling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Chemical and isotopic composition of waters and dissolved gases in some thermal springs of sicily and adjacent volcanic islands, Italy. (2007)
    Birkhauser
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Hydrochemical (major and some minor constituents), stable isotope (dDH2O and d18OH2O; d13CTDIC total dissolved inorganic carbon) and dissolved gas composition have been determined on 33 thermal discharges located throughout Sicily (Italy) and its adjacent islands. On the basis of major ion contents, four main water types have been distinguished: (1) a Na-Cl type; (2) a Ca-Mg〉Na- SO4-Cl type; (3) a Ca-Mg-HCO3 type and (4) a Na-HCO3 type water. Most waters are meteoric in origin or resulting from mixing between meteoric water and heavy-isotope end members. In some samples, d18O values reflect the effects of equilibrium processes between thermal waters and rocks (positive 18O-shift) or thermal waters and CO2 (negative 18O-shift). Dissolved gas composition indicates the occurrence of gas/ water interaction processes in thermal aquifers. N2/O2 ratios higher than air-saturated water (ASW), suggest the presence of geochemical processes responsible for dissolved oxygen consumption. High CO2 contents (more than 3000 cc/litre STP) dissolved in the thermal waters indicate the presence of an external source of carbon dioxide-rich gas. TDIC content and d13CTDIC show very large ranges from 4.6 to 145.3 mmol/Kg and from )10.0& and 2.8&, respectively. Calculated values indicate the significant contribution from a deep source of carbon dioxide inorganic in origin. Interaction with Mediterranean magmatic CO2 characterized by heavier carbon isotope ratios (d13CCO2 value from )3 to 0& vs V-PDB (CAPASSO et al., 1997, GIAMMANCO et al., 1998; INGUAGGIATO et al., 2000) with respect to MORB value and/ or input of CO2-derived from thermal decomposition of marine carbonates have been inferred.
    Description: Published
    Description: 781-807
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Thermal waters, ; chemical and isotope composition, ; dissolved gases ; d13C ; Sicily. ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.07. Radioactivity and isotopes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Earth's Degassing: A Missing Ethane and Propane Source (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: BREVIA
    Description: Current emission inventories require an additional "unknown" source to balance the global atmospheric budgets of ethane (C2H6). Here, we provide evidence that a substantial part of the missing source can be attributed to natural gas seepage from petroliferous, geothermal, and volcanic areas. Such geologic sources also inject propane (C3H8) into the atmosphere. The analysis of a large data set of methane (CH4), ethane, and propane concentrations in surface gas emissions of 238 sites from different geographic and geologic areas, coupled with published estimates of geomethane emissions, suggests that Earth's degassing accounts for at least 17% and 10% of total ethane and propane emissions, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Description: 478
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ethane ; Propane ; Geologic emissions ; Seepage ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Far-field Gravity and Tilt Signals by Large Earthquakes: Real or Instrumental Effects? (2006)
    Birkhauser
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A wide set of dynamics phenomena (i.e., geodynamics, Post Glacial Rebound, seismicity and volcanic activity) can produce time gravity changes, which spectrum varies from short (1… 10 s) to long (more than 1 year) periods. The amplitude of the gravity variations is generally in the order of 10 8…10 9 g, consequently their detection requires instruments with high sensitivity and stability: then, high quality experimental data. Spring and superconducting gravimeters are intensively used with this target and they are frequently jointed with tiltmeters recording stations in order to measure the elastogravitational perturbation of the Earth. The far-field effects produced by large earthquakes on records collected by spring gravimeters and tiltmeters are investigated here. Gravity and tilt records were analyzed on time windows spanning the occurrence of large worldwide earthquakes; the gravity records have been collected on two stations approximately 600 km distant. The background noise level at the stations was characterized, in each season, in order to detect a possible seasonal dependence and the presence of spectral components which could hide or mask other geophysical signals, such as, for instance, the highest mode of the Seismic Free Oscillation (SFO) of the Earth. Some spectral components (6.5’; 8’; 9’; 14’, 20’, 51’) have been detected in gravity and tilt records on the occasion of large earthquakes and the effect of the SFO has been hypothesized. A quite different spectral content of the EW and NS tiltmeter components has been detected and interpreted as a consequence of the radiation pattern of the disturbances due to the earthquakes. Through the analysis of the instrumental sensitivity, instrumental effects have been detected for gravity meters at very low frequency.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1379–1397
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Gravimeters ; seismic free oscillation ; earthquakes ; tiltmeters ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.09. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 436 bytes
    Format: 541391 bytes
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  • 6
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    Geochemistry of shallow aquifers and soil gas surveys in a feasibility study at the Rivara natural gas storage site (Po Plain, Northern Italy) (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A geochemical survey, in shallow aquifers and soils, has been carried out to evaluate the feasibility of natural gas (CH4) storage in a deep saline aquifer at Rivara (MO), Northern Italy. This paper discusses the areal distribution of CO2 and CH4 fluxes and CO2, CH4, Rn, He, H2 concentrations both in soils and shallow aquifers above the proposed storage reservoir. The distribution of pathfinder elements such as 222Rn, He and H2 has been studied in order to identify potential faults and/or fractures related to preferential migration pathways and the possible interactions between the reservoir and surface. A geochemical and isotopic characterization of the ground waters circulating in the first 200 m has allowed to investigation of (i) the origin of the circulating fluids, (ii) the gas–water–rock interaction processes, (iii) the amount of dissolved gases and/or their saturation status. In the first 200 m, the presence of CH4-rich reducing waters are probably related to organic matter (peat) bearing strata which generate shallowderived CH4, as elsewhere in the Po Plain. On the basis of isotopic analysis, no hints of thermogenic CH4 gas leakage from a deeper reservoir have been shown. The d13C(CO2) both in ground waters and free gases suggests a prevalent shallow origin of CO2 (i.e. organic and/or soil-derived). The acquisition of preinjection data is strategic for the natural gas storage development project and as a baseline for future monitoring during the gas injection/withdrawing period. Such a geochemical approach is considered as a methodological reference model for future CO2/CH4 storage projects.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-22
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: natural gas storage ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Geochemical survey of Levante Bay, Vulcano Island (Italy), a natural laboratory for the study of ocean acidification (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Shallow submarine gas vents in Levante Bay, Vulcano Island (Italy), emit around 3.6t CO2 per day providing a natural laboratory for the study of biogeochemical processes related to seabed CO2 leaks and ocean acidification. The main physico-chemical parameters (T, pH and Eh) were measured at more than 70 stations with 40 seawater samples were collected for chemical analyses. The main gas vent area had high concentrations of dissolved hydrothermal gases, low pH and negative redox values all of which returned to normal seawater values at distances of about 400 m from the main vents. Much of the bay around the vents is corrosive to calcium carbonate; the north shore has a gradient in seawater carbonate chemistry that is well suited to studies of the effects of long-term increases in CO2 levels. This shoreline lacks toxic compounds (such as H2S) and has a gradient in carbonate saturation states.
    Description: Published
    Description: 485–494
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: ocean acidification ; carbon capture and storage ; marine geochemistry ; carbonate saturation state ; volcanic vents ; carbon dioxide ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.02. Carbon cycling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Continuous gravity measurementsr evealal ow-density lava lake at Kılauea Volcano, Hawai‘i (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 5 March 2011, the lava lake within the summit eruptive vent at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, began to drain as magma withdrew to feed a dike intrusion and fissure eruption on the volcano’s east rift zone. The draining was monitored by a variety of continuous geological and geophysical measurements, including deformation, thermal and visual imagery, and gravity. Over the first ~14 hours of the draining, the ground near the eruptive vent subsided by about 0.15 m, gravity dropped by more than 100 μGal, and the lava lake retreated by over 120 m. We used GPS data to correct the gravity signal for the effects of subsurface mass loss and vertical deformation in order to isolate the change in gravity due to draining of the lava lake alone. Using a model of the eruptive vent geometry based on visual observations and the lava level over time determined from thermal camera data, we calculated the best fit lava density to the observed gravity decrease—to our knowledge, the first geophysical determination of the density of a lava lake anywhere in the world. Our result, 950 ± 300 kg m-3, suggests a lava density less than that of water and indicates that Kīlauea’s lava lake is gas-rich, which can explain why rockfalls that impact the lake trigger small explosions. Knowledge of such a fundamental material property as density is also critical to investigations of lava-lake convection and degassing and can inform calculations of pressure change in the subsurface magma plumbing system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 178–185
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: gravity measurements; Kılauea Volcano; lava lake; mass loss; lava density; fissure eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Statistical approach for the geochemical signature of two active faults in the western Corinth Gulf rift (Greece) (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Soil–gas measurements of different gas species were performed in two distinct areas of the Corinth Gulf Rift (Greece): the Aigion-Neos Erineos-Lambiri (ANEL) fault zone and the Rion-Patras fault zone. Both zones lie in one of the most seismically active areas of the Euro-Mediterranean region, where a fast-opening continental rift is located. In particular, the geochemical investigations were focused on fault segments and fracture systems previously inferred by geomorphological, lithological and structural studies. In this work the applicability of soil–gas geochemistry surveys for the exploration of buried/hidden faults was tested by using various statistical methods. Moreover, a comprehensive geostatistical treatment of the collected data provided new insights into the control exerted by active structures on deep-seated gas migration towards the surface. In both investigated areas, the highest 222Rn and CO2 concentration peaks correspond with zones where the interaction among fracture and fault segments was inferred by structural and morphological methods. This indicates a clear correlation between the shape and orientation of the anomalies and the different attitude and kinematic behavior of the faults recognized in the two areas. Furthermore, obtained results show that gases migrate preferentially through zones of brittle deformation by advective processes, as suggested by the relatively high rate of migration needed to obtain anomalies of short-lived 222Rn in the soil pores
    Description: Published
    Description: 86-100
    Description: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: gas geochemistry ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    The impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on groundwater quality in an active volcanic/geothermal system under semi-arid climatic conditions: The case study of Methana peninsula (Greece) (2017)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-09
    Description: A comprehensive hydrogeochemical study of the cold and thermal groundwaters of the presently quiescent volcanic system at Methana was undertaken that involved collecting 71 natural water samples. Methana is a peninsula in Peloponnesus, Greece whose arid climate and hydrological situation is similar to that of the nearby small islands of the Aegean Sea. Similarly, the chemical and isotopic compositions of its water are dominated by the mixing of seawaterwith meteoric water both through direct intrusion and meteoric recharge. However, the simple mixing trends at Methana are modified by water–rock interaction processes, enhanced by the dissolution of endogenous CO2, which lead to strong enrichments in alkalinity, Ca, Ba, Fe and Mn. The thermal waters show very high salinity that is sometimes close to that of seawater [total dissolved solids (TDS)=8.5–40 g/l]. Although the cold groundwaters sometimes also show elevated TDS values (up to 6.3 g/l), their overall quality is acceptable due to the trace metal and nitrate contents mostly being below acceptable limits. While the saltiest groundwaters are not acceptable for human consumption, they are used for irrigation without exerting toxic effects on plants, which is probably due to the high permeability of the soils not supporting salt accumulation and salinity-resistant crops being cultivated.
    Description: Published
    Description: 110-119
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Hydrogeochemistry ; volcanic aquifers ; Salinization ; stable isotopes ; Trace elements ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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