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  • Chemistry
  • GEOPHYSICS
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Ambleside, UK  (27)
  • IntechOpen  (21)
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  • 1
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    Mineralogy (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Mineralogy includes thirteen chapters that discuss the methodology of specific mineralogical methods, the composition of minerals from different igneous rocks, and the composition of minerals from different sedimentary rocks.It contains detailed mineralogical studies from Africa, Asia, and Europe. Chapters present different scientific mineralogical methods and detailed descriptions of minerals from different magmatic and sedimentary rocks.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNV Chemistry of minerals, crystals and gems
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Benzimidazole (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Benzimidazole is a comprehensive survey of the known and new methods of benzimidazole synthesis, the spectral and theoretical aspects of existing benzimidazole derivatives, and the anticancer properties of a new class of benzimidazole derivatives. This book examines aspects and newer mechanisms of benzimidazoles containing heterocyclic moiety. Chapters report on anticancer properties of benzimidazole derivatives, novel methods of synthesis of benzimidazoles, versatile nature of the benzimidazoles, spectral and theoretical studies of benzimidazole derivatives, and medicinal importance and pharmacological aspects of benzimidazole derivatives.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Green Chemistry (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Green Chemistry - New Perspectives is at the frontiers of this continuously evolving interdisciplinary science, and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. The book covers all aspects of green chemistry, including chemical synthesis, nano synthesis, eco-friendly processes, biomass, extraction techniques, environmental remediation, and energy, making it a unique reference resource. This will continue to encourage scientists around the world to develop novel synthetic methods or improve the existing ones to circumvent some of the problems and favours all aspects of green chemistry. This book is intended for academia, professionals, scientists, as well as graduate and undergraduate students without any geographical limitations.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Analytical Liquid Chromatography (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book consists of several selected chapters on important subjects in modern high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The content addresses aspects related to both improvements in the mainstream HPLC/UPLC technology and utilization, as well as developments of exploratory new materials and equipment. The book presents useful details about the presented subjects as well as describes new applications and/or relevant case studies for each subject. It is addressed to a large audience of analytical chemists involved in separation science. Each chapter is authored by scientists with considerable field and academic experience.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Recent Advances in Chemical Kinetics (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Recent Advances in Chemical Kinetics provides a comprehensive overview of several types of chemical reactions. It includes six chapters that discuss solvent catalysis, customized flow reactors, p-conjugation in kinetics, kinetics of autoxidation, molecular chameleon for cations and anions, and internal clocks of atoms.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Redox Chemistry (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Redox reactions are involved in biochemistry, energy, corrosion, and much more. In both biology and electrochemistry, the redox reaction is complex and varied. For example, redox shuttles in supercapacitors show aspects of molecular electrochemistry applied to electrode porosity. In pseudocapacitors, the formalism associated with their electrochemical response requires investigation and formalism. Similarly, the simple definition of redox potential opens fundamental questions about its measurement in solutions without supporting salts. This book illustrates the variety of redox reactions in its examination of the importance of redox molecules in the development of new electrical energy storage devices.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRH Electrochemistry and magnetochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Phase Equilibria With Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: We are living in a critical time, both for humanity and the planet, which has led us to look for more sustainable formulas to interact with the environment. One of the important changes in the design and operation of chemical processes is the search for environmentally friendly technologies. Supercritical carbon dioxide has been revealed as a promising environmentally friendly solvent that is energy efficient, selective and capable of reducing waste, making it a promising alternative to conventional organic solvents. However, reliable and versatile mathematical models of phase equilibrium thermodynamics are needed for the use of supercritical carbon dioxide in process design and viability studies. This book reviews experimental procedures for obtaining high-pressure phase equilibria data and describes the phase diagrams of binary mixtures and some thermodynamic models capable of determining the conditions of phase equilibria at high pressures. These concepts are applied to the components of the transesterification reaction of rac-2-pentanol with a vinyl ester, which is important in the pharmaceutical industry because (S)-2-pentanol can be obtained as a reaction product. This product is a key intermediate in the synthesis of drugs against Alzheimer’s disease.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Covalent Organic Frameworks (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In recent decades, artificial porous structures have attracted increasing enthusiasm from researchers inspired by the fascinating molecular pores in nature and their unique biological functions. Although substantial achievements in porous materials have been realized, the construction of topologically designed pores is still challenging. Recently, the emergence of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are constructed based on organic and polymer chemistry, has made it possible to design artificial pores with controlled pore size, topology and interface properties. COFs are crystalline porous materials constructed by the precise reticulation of organic building blocks via dynamic covalent bonds. Distinct from non-covalent interactions which tend to produce isostructures, covalent bonds enable accurate pore design owing to their predetermined reaction pathways. In addition, the appropriate polycondensation of organic building units enables the formation of extended two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) polymer architectures with periodically ordered skeletons and well-defined pores. With their large surface area, tailorable structures, and tunable chemistry, COFs are regarded as potentially superior candidates for various applications including catalysis, energy storage and conversion, mass transport and biotechnology. This book examines the historic achievement of COFs, providing clear and comprehensive guidance for researchers on their structural design, synthetic protocols and functional exploration.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Fluoride (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Fluoride covers a continuum of topics that are frequently studied in the broad area of fluoride (F) research. It provides an overview of the primary sources of environmental fluoride in typical high-fluoride environments and demonstrates the transitions and transformations that emerge and culminate in hydro-geochemical interactions that result in fluoride-fouling of large portions of the world’s water and agricultural resources. This way, the book pinpoints the connection between F enrichment of water sources and the prevalence of endemic fluorosis in certain areas of the world. In order to contribute to a better understanding of the global fluoride problem, new fluoride detection and quantification technologies are proposed with an in-depth analysis of emerging trends in the use of portable user-friendly devices in point-of-use measurements of water fluoride. This has been presented against the backdrop of a robust overview of traditional fluoride quantification methodologies that are still in wide application among the scientific communities. In addressing fluoride toxicities, which are not limited to dental and skeletal dilapidations, the authors have explored the role of natural antioxidants in ameliorating physiological fluoride-induced noxious effects in mammalian systems. Nonetheless, since community dependence on high-fluoride water due to a lack of alternative clean water sources remains to be the principal pathway of human fluoride over-exposure, a review chapter on F mitigation techniques applied all over the world is incorporated aiming at providing a succinct overview of water defluoridation techniques and strategies being used to combat the impacts of human F overexposure around the globe. Since every cloud has a silvery lining, the possibility of using ammonium fluorides as a novel reagent in mineral processing has been considered convenient industrial fluorinating agents, which present the possibility of complete regeneration that is not afforded by the reagents presently used in decomposing silicon component of the ores.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Exploring Chemistry with Pyridine Derivatives (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book discusses the chemistry and applications of pyridine derivatives. The library of pyridine derivatives is growing steadily with numerous synthetic analogues already described and the identification of new, naturally occurring pyridine-based compounds. The book includes ten chapters organized into two parts. The first part focuses on the numerous types of reactions that arise from pyridine derivatives. The second part examines the pharmaceutical applications of pyridine derivatives as well as their usefulness as sensors for metal cations and extracting agents for platinum group metals.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Dosimetry (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book discusses multiple issues associated with modern dosimetry in physics and treatment planning and how investigators from diverse world centers and institutions approach problem-solving in these important areas. It examines topics including pretreatment validation and factors affecting reference dosimetry. It also addresses unique issues affecting pediatric populations as well as the modern role of thermoluminescence validation. Several chapters discuss intensity modulation, including defining modern problems associated with both treatment planning and the definition of tumor and normal tissue contours. Furthermore, the book examines the role of imaging as both a vehicle to define tumor targets and normal tissue as well as a tool for dose validation.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRL Nuclear chemistry, photochemistry and radiation
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Desalination (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book comprises 14 chapters covering all the issues related to water desalination. These chapters emphasize the relationship between problems encountered with the use of feed water, the processes developed to address them, the operation of the required plants and solutions actually implemented. This compendium will assist designers, engineers and investigators to select the process and plant configuration that are most appropriate for the particular feed water to be used, for the geographic region considered, as well as for the characteristics required of the treated water produced. This survey offers a comprehensive, hierarchical and logical assessment of the entire desalination industry. It starts with the worldwide scarcity of water and energy, continues with the thermal - and membrane-based processes and, finally, presents the design and operation of large and small desalination plants. As such, it covers all the scientific, technological and economical aspects of this critical industry, not disregarding its environmental and social points of view. One of InTech's books has received widespread praise across a number of key publications. Desalination, Trends and Technologies (Ed. Schorr, M. 2011) has been reviewed in Corrosion Engineering, Science & Technology – the official magazine for the Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining, and Taylor & Francis's Desalination Publications. Praised for its “multi-faceted content [which] contributes to enrich it,” and described as “an essential companion...[that] enables the reader to gain a deeper understanding of the desalination industry,” this book is testament to the quality improvements we have been striving towards over the last twelve months.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Advanced Gas Chromatography (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Progress in agricultural, biomedical and industrial applications' is a compilation of recent advances and developments in gas chromatography and its applications. The chapters cover various aspects of applications ranging from basic biological, biomedical applications to industrial applications. Book chapters analyze new developments in chromatographic columns, microextraction techniques, derivatisation techniques and pyrolysis techniques. The book also includes several aspects of basic chromatography techniques and is suitable for both young and advanced chromatographers. It includes some new developments in chromatography such as multidimensional chromatography, inverse chromatography and some discussions on two-dimensional chromatography. The topics covered include analysis of volatiles, toxicants, indoor air, petroleum hydrocarbons, organometallic compounds and natural products. The chapters were written by experts from various fields and clearly assisted by simple diagrams and tables. This book is highly recommended for chemists as well as non-chemists working in gas chromatography.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Electrocatalysis and Electrocatalysts for a Cleaner Environment (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book discusses electrocatalysis and electrocatalysts for energy, water electrolysis, water treatment, CO2 conversion, and green chemistry. It reviews various electrocatalysts and their properties and electrochemical performances. The first section of the book covers topics in direct alcohol fuel cells including Pt-based electrocatalysts as non-carbon electrode support materials and the development of electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells. The second section of the book covers various topics in electrocatalysis and electrocatalysts for a cleaner environment, including electrocatalysts for the conversion of CO2 to valuable products and SYNGAS, electrocatalysts for water electrolysis, and much more.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRH Electrochemistry and magnetochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Surfactants and Detergents (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Surfactants are ubiquitous and have applications in diverse areas, including food, cosmetics, detergents, lubricants, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and targeted drug delivery systems. Their wide diversity of applications owes to their unique structure, namely, a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic group present in the same molecule. Although most surfactants used industrially are synthetic, there is a growing need for natural surfactants, as the latter is obtainable from renewable sources and are less toxic and highly biodegradable in contrast to their synthetic counterparts. This book is a compilation of interesting articles by various experts that cover various applications of both synthetic and natural surfactants.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRC Colloid chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Advances in Chemical Sensors (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The chemical sensor plays an essential role in the fields of environmental conservation and monitoring, disaster and disease prevention, and industrial analysis. A typical chemical sensor is a device that transforms chemical information in a selective and reversible way, ranging from the concentration of a specific sample component to total composition analysis, into an analytically useful signal. Much research work has been performed to achieve a chemical sensor with such excellent qualities as quick response, low cost, small size, superior sensitivity, good reversibility and selectivity, and excellent detection limit. This book introduces the latest advances on chemical sensors. It consists of 15 chapters composed by the researchers active in the field of chemical sensors, and is divided into 5 sections according to the classification following the principles of signal transducer. This collection of up-to-date information and the latest research progress on chemical sensor will provide valuable references and learning materials for all those working in the field of chemical sensors.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Distillation Processes (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Distillation is an important separation technique that has been used for many centuries to exploit the volatility differences between components in a mixture. The distillation process has many variations and applications. This book includes two sections on desalination and reactive distillation. It discusses desalination in the processes of solar and membrane distillation, with a focus on the reduction of energy costs to obtain potable water. It also discusses reactive distillation, which can be used in some cases to reduce the power duty in the separation process by using the reaction heat directly in the separation. The book includes cases of mathematical modeling, simulation, and optimization of the distillation process.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Cyclodextrins (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Cyclodextrins (CDs) have attracted great interest from the research community as well as industries in an array of sectors because of their unique structural features. This book provides a comprehensive overview of CDs, beginning with their historical background. Chapters address such topics as the structure and physiochemical properties of CDs, advancements in the field, and potential applications of these materials in fields such as drug delivery and sensing. This book reveals new frontiers in the CD world and is a useful resource for organic, analytical, and supramolecular chemists as well as scientists engaged in biological and material sciences.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry::PNNP Polymer chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Sorption (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book presents a comprehensive overview of sorption, which is a multi-parametric separation process. It is extensively used in the removal of various pollutants from the tertiary stage of wastewater treatment, from leachates, etc. It discusses fundamental points of the technique as well as kinetic theories and isotherms. It also examines the synthesis and characterizations of all studied adsorbent materials to find their paths of sorption. Finally, it highlights the importance of having a cost-estimation plan for the synthesis of sorbent materials as well as predictions for their reusability.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry::PNRX Surface chemistry and adsorption
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    Carotenoids (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Carotenoids are natural and versatile secondary metabolites, most of them showing colours that vary from yellow to red. They are widespread among living beings where they are involved in many biological roles reporting beneficial actions. To date, more than 750 carotenoids have been described in nature. Humans cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo, thus they are mainly obtained through diet. In fact, carotenoids are consistently found in tissues or biological fluids where they play a beneficial decreasing the risk of developing some diseases.During the last half-century, significant advances in carotenoids research have been made. This book highlights new perspectives and applications of carotenoids including characterization and isolation of new compounds (including rare carotenoids), their production at a mid-large scale (involving new innovative approaches), and uses of carotenoids in different biotechnological fields like food science, biomedicine, and cosmetics.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Infrared Spectroscopy (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Infrared Spectroscopy - Perspectives and Applications is a compendium of contributions from experts in the field of infrared (IR) spectroscopy. This assembly of investigations and reviews provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals as well as the groundbreaking applications in the field. Chapters discuss IR spectroscopy applications in the food and biomedicine sectors and for measuring transport through polymer membranes, characterizing lignocellulosic biomasses, detecting adulterants, and characterizing enamel surface advancements. This book is an invaluable resource and reference for students, researchers, and other interested readers.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry::PNFS Spectrum analysis, spectrochemistry, mass spectrometry
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    Final report on the updating service on environmental chemicals in freshwater for the period 9.1.89 to 9.7.89 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5238 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:13:42 | 5238 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This report presents five batches of data which have been despatched to the Joint Research Centre, Ispra. The data as been allocated to various ECDIN (Environmental Chemicals Data and Information Network) files. The data comprises environmental chemicals in the freshwater environment, taking in paricular consideration: aquatic toxicity, bioaccumulation, metabolism and elimination biodegradation.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Data ; Data processing ; Data collections ; Chemical compounds ; Toxicity ; Bioaccumulation ; Biodegradation ; Metabolism
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 23
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    Changes of water quality and sediment phosphorus of a small productive lake following decreased phosphorus loading (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5293 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:08:09 | 5293 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Esthwaite Water is the most productive or eutrophic lake in the English Lake District. Since 1945 its water quality has been determined from weekly or biweekly measurements of temperature, oxygen, plant nutrients and phytoplankton abundance. The lake receives phosphorus from its largely lowland-pasture catchment, sewage effluent from the villages of Hawkshead and Near Sawrey, and from a cage-culture fish farm. From 1986 phosphorus has been removed from the sewage effluent of Hawkshead which was considered to contribute between 47% and 67% of the total phosphorus loading to the lake. At the commencement of phosphorus removal regular measurements of phosphorus in the superficial 0-4 cm layer of lake sediment were made from cores collected at random sites. Since 1986 the mean annual concentration of alkali-extractable sediment phosphorus has decreased by 23%. This change is not significant at the 5% level but nearly so. There has been no marked change in water quality over this period. Summer dominance of blue-green algae which arose in the early 1980s after decline of the previous summer forms, Ceratium spp., has been maintained. Improvement in water quality is unlikely to be achieved at the present phosphorus loading.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Freshwater lakes ; Limnological surveys ; Phosphorus ; Phytoplankton ; Primary production ; Sediment analysis ; Water quality ; England ; Esthwaite Water
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  • 24
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    The changing chemical composition of chalk streams and rivers (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5157 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:19:58 | 5157 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The area studied was the River Frome system below Dorchester. The main river has its origins mainly in chalk springs, although some of its tributaries have surface run-off from farm lands and heath-lands. Thus the chemistry of the river is affected by changes in land practice and differences in the geology of the catchment area. Regular chemical analysis of chalk waters started at the River Laboratory in 1964, Regular weekly analyses have been carried out since 1965 at Bere Stream (a small chalk stream) and the River Frome (a large chalk stream); also single samples have been analysed to provide preliminary information. In 1970-71 an attempt was made to discover the contribution each main source made to the flow and chemical composition of the River Frome. Results of these investigations are presented in the paper.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Environment ; Chemical analysis ; Chemical composition ; Rivers ; Stream flow ; Annual report ; England ; Dorset
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  • 25
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    Geochemistry of lipids in lacustrine sediments (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5171 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:18:48 | 5171 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: An explanation of the basic premises of the subject and its terminology is given. The article then outlines aspects of research on the organic material found in lacustrine sediments, and the analytical methods involved.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Earth Sciences ; Diagenesis ; Freshwater lakes ; Geochemistry ; Lipids ; Sediment analysis ; Annual report
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  • 26
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    Joint research project on the aquatic ecotoxicity of organo-aluminium: Chemical reactions. First interim report (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5225 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:36 | 5225 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The overall goal of the joint research project is to relate the chemical reactions involved in the formation of organo-aluminium complexes under acid conditions to their toxic effects on the physiology of aquatic organisms. Finally, this research is intended to predict toxic effects arising from acidity and aluminium under varying environmental conditions. This interim report examines the chemical modelling of ion-binding by humic substances where a computer model has been developed and is being tested using field data, and conditions required for the precipitation of aluminium in surface waters.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Modelling ; Models ; Humic acids ; Surface water ; Aluminium compounds ; Aluminium ; Ions ; Toxicity ; England ; Duddon River
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  • 27
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    Decomposition in lake sediments: bacterial action and interaction (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5239 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:13:47 | 5239 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: This review discusses the processes involved in the decomposition of organic carbon derived initially from structural components of algae and other primary producers. It describes how groups of bacteria interact in time and space in a eutrophic lake. The relative importance of anaerobic and aerobic processes are discussed. The bulk of decomposition occurs within the sediment. The role of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle and the iron cycle, and in sulphate reduction and methanogenesis as the terminal metabolism of organic carbon are described.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Anaerobic bacteria ; Bacteria ; Biodegradation ; Carbon cycle ; Eutrophic lakes ; Fresh water ; Geochemical cycle ; Iron ; Manganese ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen cycle ; Organic carbon ; Oxygen consumption ; Partical size ; Sedimentation ; Sulphates ; Sulphur ; Annual report
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    Biological and climatic influences on the dace Leuciscus leuciscus in a southern chalk-stream (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5247 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:08:19 | 5247 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The dace, Leuciscus leuciscus (L.) is an important cyprinid in terms of population biomass in chalk streams of southern England. Dace recruitment has been shown to vary widely from year to year and it is thought that this variation is largely as a result of the influence of abiotic factors, chiefly water temperature. From 1968 to 1981 there was a thirteen-fold difference in the year class structure index between the minimum index (0.25 in 1972) and the maximum (3.21 in 1976). The problems of such variation, especially those that could ensue from a succession of poor year-classes, are offset by the spread of reproductive effort by each female over several years.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Abiotic factors ; Age composition ; Annual variations ; Climate ; Fecundity ; Fish eggs ; Fish larvae ; Freshwater fish ; Life history ; Mortality ; Population dynamics ; Predation ; Recruitment ; Sexual reproduction ; Survivial ; Water temperature ; Cyprinidae ; Leuciscus leuciscus ; England ; Dorset ; Chalk streams ; Annual report
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    Analysis and adsorption of phosalone on aquatic sediment (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5257 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:23 | 5257 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Phosalone is a non systematic, wide spectrum organophosphate pesticide which was discovered in 1961 in the laboratories of the Societe des Usines Chimique Rhone-Poulenc in France. It has been approved for commercial use since 1964 in France, in Australia since 1966, in the United Kingdom in 1967 and in many other countries including Japan, Egypt, USSR and the USA. This study provides a full literature review on all aspects of phosalone including its physical, biological and chemical characteristics, and analytical methods of analysis with particular reference to soils/sediments. Furthermore, it aims to develop a method for the determintion of phosalone in aquatic sediments and to determine the adsorption of phosalone onto kaolinite.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Insecticides ; Metabolism ; Toxicity ; Biodegradation ; Adsorption
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Petroleum hydrocarbons in fresh waters: a preliminary desk study and bibliography (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5278 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:11:09 | 5278 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: A literature survey was carried out into the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons in freshwater, from the toxicity, biodegradability and concentration aspects. It was supplemented by a selective search on hydrocarbons in the marine environment for comparison. The aim was to determine the major inputs of these hydrocarbons, their accumulation, effects and fate in freshwaters. The search was confined to the period 1965-1978. The bibliography contains 390 references, divided by subject.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; literature reviews ; petroleum ; toxicity ; biodegradation
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    Concentrations of major ions in the stream water of the River Duddon, England, 1970-1974 [Dataset] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5349 | 1256 | 2011-05-13 11:55:43 | 5349 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: This dataset provides raw data of chemical analyses made during studies on seasonal variations of some major ions in the stream water of the River Duddon in Cumbria. Measurements of sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium and chloride ions and pH were taken at 5 stations in the River Duddon between January 1970 and August 1974.
    Description: This data was used in the publication: Carrick, T.R. & Sutcliffe, D.W.: Concentrations of Major Ions in Streams on Catchments of the River Duddon (1971-1974) and Windermere (1975-1978), English Lake District. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, UK, 1983 (FBA Occasional Publications 22)
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Calcium ; chlorides ; fresh water ; ions ; magnesium ; potassium ; seasonal variations ; sodium ; water analysis ; dataset
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    Analysis of stream waters in the catchment of Lake Windermere (1975-1978), England [Dataset] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5351 | 1256 | 2011-05-13 11:55:21 | 5351 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: This dataset provides raw data of chemical analyses made during studies on seasonal variations of some major ions in the stream water of the catchment of Lake Windermere in Cumbria. Measurements of sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, chloride ions and pH were taken at 37 stations in the catchment between 1975 and 1978.
    Description: This data was used in the publication: Carrick, T.R. & Sutcliffe, D.W.: Concentrations of major ions in streams on catchments of the River Duddon (1971-1974) and Windermere (1975-1978), English Lake District. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, UK, 1983 (FBA Occasional Publications 22)
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Calcium ; chlorides ; fresh water ; ions ; magnesium ; potassium ; seasonal variations ; sodium ; water analysis ; England ; Lake Windermere ; dataset
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    Concentrations of major ions in 182 tarns in the English Lake District (1953-1978) [Dataset] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5354 | 1256 | 2011-09-16 12:01:28 | 5354 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: This dataset provides raw data of chemical analyses made during studies on seasonal variations of 182 tarns in the English Lake District, Cumbria. Measurements of sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, pH, chloride ions, alkalinity, sulphite, strong acids and nitrate were taken between 1953 and 1978.
    Description: This data was used in the publication: Carrick, T.R. & Sutcliffe, D.W.: Concentrations of major ions in lakes and tarns on the English Lake District (1953-1978). Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, UK, 1982 (FBA Occasional Publications 16)
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Calcium ; chlorides ; fresh water ; ions ; magnesium ; potassium ; seasonal variations ; sodium ; water analysis ; alkalinity ; England ; Lake District ; dataset
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    Analyses of treated sewage effluent from Grasmere Treatment Unit (1974-1976), England [Dataset] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5352 | 1256 | 2012-07-04 19:32:47 | 5352 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: This dataset provides raw data of chemical analyses made during studies on seasonal variations of treated sewage effluent from Grasmere Treatment Unit in Cumbria. Measurements of sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium and chloride ions were taken between 1974 and 1976.
    Description: This data was used in the publication: Carrick, T.R. & Sutcliffe, D.W.: Concentrations of major ions in streams on catchments of the River Duddon (1971-1974) and Windermere (1975-1978), English Lake District. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, UK, 1983 (FBA Occasional Publications 22)
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Calcium ; chlorides ; fresh water ; ions ; magnesium ; potassium ; seasonal variations ; sodium ; water analysis ; England ; Grasmere ; dataset
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    Concentrations of major ions in the stream water of the upper basin of the River Duddon, England, 1972-1974 [Dataset] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5350 | 1256 | 2011-05-13 11:56:03 | 5350 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: This dataset provides raw data of chemical analyses made during studies on seasonal variations of some major ions in the stream water of the upper basin of the River Duddon in Cumbria. Measurements of sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium and chloride ions and pH were taken at 26 stations in the River Duddon basin between 1972 and 1974.
    Description: This data was used in the publication: Carrick, T.R. & Sutcliffe, D.W.: Concentrations of Major Ions in Streams on Catchments of the River Duddon (1971-1974) and Windermere (1975-1978), English Lake District. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, UK, 1983 (FBA Occasional Publications 22)
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Calcium ; chlorides ; fresh water ; ions ; magnesium ; potassium ; seasonal variations ; sodium ; water analysis ; England ; River Duddon ; dataset
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 36
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    Major ions in 25 frequently sampled tarns in the English Lake District (1954-56, 1974-1976) [Dataset] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5353 | 1256 | 2012-07-04 19:33:33 | 5353 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: This dataset provides raw data of chemical analyses made during studies on seasonal variations of 25 frequently sampled tarns in Cumbria. Measurements of sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, pH, chloride ions, alkalinity, sulphite, strong acids and nitrate were taken between 1954 and 1956 and between 1974-1976.
    Description: This data was used in the publication: Carrick, T.R. & Sutcliffe, D.W.: Concentrations of major ions in streams on catchments of the River Duddon (1971-1974) and Windermere (1975-1978), English Lake District. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, UK, 1983 (FBA Occasional Publications 22)
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Calcium ; chlorides ; fresh water ; ions ; magnesium ; potassium ; seasonal variations ; sodium ; water analysis ; alkalinity ; England ; Lake District ; dataset
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    Type: other
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  • 37
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    Changes in the phytoplankton (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5111 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:23:22 | 5111 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: An article discussing changes observed in phytoplankton of the Lake District. An overview is given of previous phytoplankton studies undertaken in the area, detailing some changes found in various waterbodies. Water quality changes in Lake Windermere are mentioned, including the gradual increase of dissolved organic matter (DOM), believed to be caused by the increase of sewage to the lake. The lakes in the Alps are given as an example of a similar anthropogenic pollution scenario. The treatment of a Lake District tarn with bone meal is described. The article goes on to discuss the composition of plankton throughout the year under a variety of climatic conditions. A figure shows seasonal variation in the consistuents of phytoplankton in Windermere (north basin).
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Limnology ; Phytoplankton ; Limnology ; Dissolved organic matter ; Seasonal variations ; Sewage ; Water quality ; Annual reports ; England ; Lake District
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  • 38
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    The chemical budget of a lake (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5107 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:23:50 | 5107 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: A progress report on research undertaken on the chemical budget of a lake, outlining the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus in governing the production of life in freshwater. The report uses the Rivers Brathay and Leven, which flow into Windermere, as examples. The report also refers to the Rivers Rothay, Troutbeck and Cunsey. A table is including which shows the monthly average nitrate content (mg per litre) of the River Brathey and River Leven for 1937 into 1938. The report also includes a figure showing Windermere lake levels, discharge and rainfall during 1937. It also briefly considers possible anthropogenic influences on water quality.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Phosphorus ; Organic compounds ; Sewage ; Diatoms ; Algae ; Sediment chemistry ; Seasonal variations ; Annual reports ; Nitrates ; River discharge ; England
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    Bacteria in freshwaters (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5114 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:21:32 | 5114 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: An article looking at the numerical distribution of bacteria in lakes, the types most commonly present and the nitrogen-cycle, in Lake Windermere. The methodology is explained, including the sampling frequency and depths, and bacteria culturing techniques. Water bodies other than Lake Windermere were also sampled and these are detailed, including a water reservoir. A summary of the work into horizontal of bacteria is given, including a table showing the number of bacteria per millilitre at different distances from inflow into Windermere. A summary of the work into vertical distribution is also given, including two figures, one showing seasonal variation during 1938-9 in numbers of bacteria at different depths in Winderemere, and the other showing the relationship between the numbers of bacteria at 10 metres depth in Windermere and the rainfull during the previous 7 days. A summary of the types of bacteria found, as well as work on the nitrogen cycle in Esthwaite Water, Lake Windermere and Blelham Tarn are given.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Limnology ; Nitrogen cycle ; Bacteria ; Freshwater ecology ; Limnology ; Seasonal variations ; Water column ; Water reservoirs ; Annual reports ; England ; Lake District
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  • 40
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    Changes in physical and chemical variables (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5112 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:23:20 | 5112 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: An article reviewing the work undertaken looking at the seasonal variation of chemical conditions in water at various depths in lakes. The laboratory tests undertaken for the research is outlined, as well as details of the sampling locations and the staff involved with the work. One figure shows the seasonal variation in the amounts of dissolved substances in the surface water of Windermere during 1936. Another figure shows seasonal varation inthe dry weight of phyto- and zooplankton in Windermere. Seasonal changes are discussed further and a table is included showing chemical conditions in winter and summer for Windermere.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Limnology ; Limnology ; Chemistry ; Seasonal variations ; Diatoms ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Water column ; Surface water ; Annual reports ; England ; Lake District
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  • 41
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    Biological surveillance of chalk-streams (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5122 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:22:47 | 5122 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: An article reviewing the methods of biological surveillance of chalk-streams developed and commonly used at that time, with a focus on their application to the River Frome catchment in Dorset. In evaluating the surveillance methods, the author looks at sampling methods (including cores and kick-sampling), the level of identification of macroinvertebrates, and temporal and spatial variations. Responses of indices to organic pollution are also discussed. A number of accompanying figures are also included.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Ecology ; Environment ; Chalk ; Water management ; Cores ; Aquatic communities ; Freshwater ecology ; Invertebrate larvae ; Biological surveys ; Temporal variations ; Spatial variations ; Annual reports ; England
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    The design and development of the Windermere Profiler. An instrument for measuring how various environmental parameters vary with depth in lakes, reservoirs and rivers (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5123 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:22:51 | 5123 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: A review article detailing the background, development and functionality of the Windermere Profiler, a multi parameter environmental monitoring instrument for use in lakes, reservoirs and rivers. The article explains the requirement for regular data collection by the Freshwater Biological Association at Windermere. The article covers the requirements of a profiling instrument, the design considerations, the electronic circuitry, the computer program, the operation of the computer software, the profiler in use and further developments to the design. A number of figures and images accompany the article.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Environment ; Limnology ; Profilers ; Inland water environment ; Water reservoirs ; Lakes ; Rivers ; Temperature data ; Electrical conductivity ; Dissolved oxygen ; Depth measurement ; Light attenuation ; Annual reports ; England ; Lake District
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    The growth of brown trout (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5117 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:22:21 | 5117 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: An article discussing the factors affecting the rate of growth of brown trout, detailing the research udnertaken at Wray Castle, designed to clarify the influencing factors in different waters and investigate what would be required to increase their size. The article considers factors such as alkalinity, total hardness, the presence of coarse fish in the waterbodies and competition for food. Previous work undertaken on brown trout in Ireland by other authors is reviewed. A figure showing average growth rate of brown trout in five lakes, as determined from their scales (Lough Derg, Windermere, Loch Leven, Ullswater, Haweswater).
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Limnology ; Coarse fish ; pH effects ; Water hardness ; Food availability ; Limnology ; England ; Lake District
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    Acid precipitation and its effects on aquatic systems in the English Lake District (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5189 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:16:49 | 5189 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: There is no evidence of an increase in the acidity (lower pH or alkalinity) of water-bodies in the Lake District over the last 50 years. Brown trout occur in acid streams and upland tarns where pH is 4.5-5.2 throughout the year. Their occurrence in such waters in Britain and Ireland has been known for most of this century and there is no previous evidence of harmful effects on salmonid fisheries, though numbers of fish are naturally low. However, many benthic invertebrates that are common in hill-streams where pH is above 5.7 do not occur in more acid streams. This phenomenon occurs in the headwaters of several western rivers in Cumbria. It is not a recent response to "acid rain". Harmful effects of pH are undoubtedly more pronounced in waters that are poor in other dissolved ions. Low concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride are especially important and may limit the distributions of some aquatic animals even where pH is above 5.7. The concentration of sulphate ions is usually relatively high but this is not important to the fauna; concentrations are at least two times higher in productive alkaline water-bodies than they are in unproductive acid waters.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Acid rain ; Acidification ; Alkalinity ; Freshwater pollution ; pH ; Pollution effects ; Invertebrata ; Salmonidae ; England ; Lake District ; Annual report
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  • 45
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    Studies of chemical speciation in naturally anoxic basins (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5181 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:17:17 | 5181 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The chemical speciation of both metals and non-metals, the use of polarographic techniques, and application to the study of the chemistry of anoxic waters are considered. In the first part of the paper unfamiliar terminology is explained and then an example of simple lake chemistry is presented to illustrate why the concept of speciation is necessary.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Chemical speciation ; Anoxic basins ; Annual report
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  • 46
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    The kinetics of calcite precipation and related processes (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5195 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:15:06 | 5195 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This review is concerned with the kinetics of calcium carbonate formation and related processes which are important in many hard waters.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Calcite ; Calcium carbonates ; Chemical precipitation ; Fresh water ; Geochemical cycle ; Annual report
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  • 47
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    Treading in Mortimer's footsteps: the geochemical cycling of iron and manganese in Esthwaite water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5193 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:15:03 | 5193 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: A study of the geochemical cycling of iron and manganese in a seasonally stratified lake, Esthwaite water is described. This work is based on speculative ideas on environmental redox chemistry of iron which were proposed by C.H. Mortimer in the 1940's. These observations have been verified and some speculations confirmed, along with a new understanding of the manganese cycle, and detailed information on the particulate forms of both iron and manganese. Details on the mechanisms and transformations of iron have also emerged.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Chemical precipitation ; Freshwater lakes ; Iron ; Manganese ; Oxidation ; Redox potential ; Reduction ; Stratification ; England ; Esthwaite Lake ; Annual report
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  • 48
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    Long-term natural acidification of upland sites in Cumbria: Evidence from post-glacial lake sediments (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5197 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:15:33 | 5197 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Studies by the Freshwater Biological Association over the last 25 years have supplied data relevant to the levels of acidity in local soils and water before the onset of industrial pollution and current interest in acid rain. This article reviews published analysis from cores of lake sediments, in or near the catchment of the River Duddon. Electron spin resonance spectra of humic acids and iodine values confirm evidence from pollen analysis for a history of progressive acidification of the source material of lake sediments since before 5000 radiocarbon years, in upland catchments of the Lake District. Processes involved included: removal of basic ions from soils by rainfall, the effects of which were intensified by removal by man of deciduous forest; acidification of soils and waters by decomposition products of Calluna and further acidification of waters by Sphagnum species which colonized habitats where drainage became impeded by paludification processes.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Earth Sciences ; Acid rain ; Acidification ; Freshwater lakes ; Lake Basins ; Lake deposits ; pH ; Palnology ; England ; Cumbria ; Annual report
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