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  • Bacteria  (31)
  • 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
  • Ambleside, UK  (16)
  • INGV  (15)
  • Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu  (7)
  • Frontiers Media  (7)
  • Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  (5)
  • American Chemical Society
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  • 1
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    Ancient metabolisms of a thermophilic subseafloor bacterium (2022)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Smith, A. R., Mueller, R., Fisk, M. R., & Colwell, F. S. Ancient metabolisms of a thermophilic subseafloor bacterium. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, (2021): 764631, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.764631.
    Beschreibung: The ancient origins of metabolism may be rooted deep in oceanic crust, and these early metabolisms may have persisted in the habitable thermal anoxic aquifer where conditions remain similar to those when they first appeared. The Wood–Ljungdahl pathway for acetogenesis is a key early biosynthetic pathway with the potential to influence ocean chemistry and productivity, but its contemporary role in oceanic crust is not well established. Here, we describe the genome of a novel acetogen from a thermal suboceanic aquifer olivine biofilm in the basaltic crust of the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdFR) whose genome suggests it may utilize an ancient chemosynthetic lifestyle. This organism encodes the genes for the complete canonical Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, but is potentially unable to use sulfate and certain organic carbon sources such as lipids and carbohydrates to supplement its energy requirements, unlike other known acetogens. Instead, this organism may use peptides and amino acids for energy or as organic carbon sources. Additionally, genes involved in surface adhesion, the import of metallic cations found in Fe-bearing minerals, and use of molecular hydrogen, a product of serpentinization reactions between water and olivine, are prevalent within the genome. These adaptations are likely a reflection of local environmental micro-niches, where cells are adapted to life in biofilms using ancient chemosynthetic metabolisms dependent on H2 and iron minerals. Since this organism is phylogenetically distinct from a related acetogenic group of Clostridiales, we propose it as a new species, Candidatus Acetocimmeria pyornia.
    Beschreibung: Metagenome sequencing was made possible by the Deep Carbon Observatory Census of Deep Life supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and was performed at the Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, MA, United States). This work was funded by NASA grant NNX08AO22G and a graduate fellowship from the NSF Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations. The flow cells were funded under J0972A from the U.S. Science Support Program of Joint Oceanographic Institutions.
    Schlagwort(e): Metabolism ; Carbon fixation ; Acetogenesis ; Bacteria ; Seafloor ; Hydrogen ; Amino acid ; Clostridia
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 2
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    The microbiological drivers of temporally dynamic Dimethylsulfoniopropionate cycling processes in Australian coastal shelf waters (2022)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-31
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in O’Brien, J., McParland, E. L., Bramucci, A. R., Ostrowski, M., Siboni, N., Ingleton, T., Brown, M. V., Levine, N. M., Laverock, B., Petrou, K., & Seymour, J. The microbiological drivers of temporally dynamic Dimethylsulfoniopropionate cycling processes in Australian coastal shelf waters. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, (2022): 894026, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.894026.
    Beschreibung: The organic sulfur compounds dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) play major roles in the marine microbial food web and have substantial climatic importance as sources and sinks of dimethyl sulfide (DMS). Seasonal shifts in the abundance and diversity of the phytoplankton and bacteria that cycle DMSP are likely to impact marine DMS (O) (P) concentrations, but the dynamic nature of these microbial interactions is still poorly resolved. Here, we examined the relationships between microbial community dynamics with DMS (O) (P) concentrations during a 2-year oceanographic time series conducted on the east Australian coast. Heterogenous temporal patterns were apparent in chlorophyll a (chl a) and DMSP concentrations, but the relationship between these parameters varied over time, suggesting the phytoplankton and bacterial community composition were affecting the net DMSP concentrations through differential DMSP production and degradation. Significant increases in DMSP were regularly measured in spring blooms dominated by predicted high DMSP-producing lineages of phytoplankton (Heterocapsa, Prorocentrum, Alexandrium, and Micromonas), while spring blooms that were dominated by predicted low DMSP-producing phytoplankton (Thalassiosira) demonstrated negligible increases in DMSP concentrations. During elevated DMSP concentrations, a significant increase in the relative abundance of the key copiotrophic bacterial lineage Rhodobacterales was accompanied by a three-fold increase in the gene, encoding the first step of DMSP demethylation (dmdA). Significant temporal shifts in DMS concentrations were measured and were significantly correlated with both fractions (0.2–2 μm and 〉2 μm) of microbial DMSP lyase activity. Seasonal increases of the bacterial DMSP biosynthesis gene (dsyB) and the bacterial DMS oxidation gene (tmm) occurred during the spring-summer and coincided with peaks in DMSP and DMSO concentration, respectively. These findings, along with significant positive relationships between dsyB gene abundance and DMSP, and tmm gene abundance with DMSO, reinforce the significant role planktonic bacteria play in producing DMSP and DMSO in ocean surface waters. Our results highlight the highly dynamic nature and myriad of microbial interactions that govern sulfur cycling in coastal shelf waters and further underpin the importance of microbial ecology in mediating important marine biogeochemical processes.
    Beschreibung: This research was supported by the Australian Research Council Grants FT130100218 and DP180100838 awarded to JS and DP140101045 awarded to JS and KP, as well as an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship awarded to JO’B.
    Schlagwort(e): DMSP ; DMS ; DLA ; Phytoplankton ; Bacteria ; qPCR ; 16S rRNA gene ; 18S rRNA gene
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 3
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    The predicting power of models for eutrophication (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5287 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:00 | 5287 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-09
    Beschreibung: Restoration of water-bodies from eutrophication has proved to be extremely difficult. Mathematical models have been used extensively to provide guidance for management decisions. The aim of this paper is to elucidate important problems of using models for predicting environmental changes. First, the necessity for a proper uncertainty assessment of the model, upon calibration, has not been widely recognized. Predictions must not be a single time trajectory; they should be a band, expressing system uncertainty and natural variability. Availability of this information may alter the decision to be taken. Second, even with well-calibrated models, there is no guarantee they will give correct projections in situations where the model is used to predict the effects of measures designed to bring the system into an entirely different ”operating point”, as is typically the case in eutrophication abatement. The concept of educated speculation is introduced to partially overcome this difficulty. Lake Veluwe is used as a case to illustrate the point. Third, as questions become more detailed, such as ”what about expected algal composition”, there is a greater probability of running into fundamental problems that are associated with predicting the behaviour of complex non-linear systems. Some of these systems show extreme initial condition sensitivity and even, perhaps, chaotic behaviour, and are therefore fundamentally unpredictable.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Freshwater lakes ; Models ; Growth ; Modelling ; Equations ; Bacteria ; Prediction ; Netherlands ; Veluwemeer Lake
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 44-58
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  • 4
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    A control of gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5301 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:11 | 5301 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-09
    Beschreibung: The cyanobacteria that cause problems in water supply are principally the colonial forms that are buoyed up by gas vesicles. The success of these organisms is due, in part, to their gas vesicles, which enable them to perform vertical migrations or to maintain themselves in the euphotic zone. The gas vesicles are also the root cause of the problems. In calm periods they cause the cyanobacteria to float to the water surface forming noxious scums, and they may prevent the colonies from sedimenting in water treatment plants. Gas vesicles are hollow, gas-filled structures; they are rigid but can be collapsed by the application of pressure. Their critical collapse pressure is influenced by their dimensions, which vary in different organisms. Gas vesicles are formed by the assembly of two types of protein, which determine their mechanical and physical properties. Methods for collapsing gas vesicles in natural populations of cyanobacteria will be considered. They may have application to the control of cyanobacteria in water supply.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Gases ; Buoyancy ; Algae ; Bacteria ; Photosynthesis ; Growth ; Competition
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 150-162
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  • 5
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    Cultural methods of detection for microorganisms: recent advances and successes (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5317 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:35 | 5317 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-09
    Beschreibung: Most microbiological methods require culture to allow organisms to recover or to selectively increase, and target organisms are identified by growth on specific agar media. Many cultural methods take several days to complete and even then the results require confirmation. Alternative techniques include the use of chromogenic and fluorogenic substances to identify bacteria as they are growing, selective capture using antibodies after short periods of growth, molecular techniques, and direct staining with or without flow cytometry for enumeration and identification. Future microbiologists may not use culture but depend on the use of specific probes and sophisticated detection systems.
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microorganisms ; Methodology ; Detection ; Bacteria ; Cultured organisms ; Enzymes ; Immunofluorescence ; Flow cytometry ; Microbiological culture
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 19-27
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  • 6
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    The microbiological quality of water: the nature of the problem (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5315 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:22 | 5315 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-09
    Beschreibung: Improvements in methods for the detection and enumeration of microbes in water, particularly the application of techniques of molecular biology, have highlighted shortcomings in the ”standard methods” for assessing water quality. Higher expectations from the consumer and increased publicity associated with pollution incidents can lead to an uncoupling of the cycle which links methodological development with standard-setting and legislation. The new methodology has also highlighted problems within the water cycle, related to the introduction, growth and metabolism of microbes. A greater understanding of the true diversity of the microbial community and the ability to transmit genetic information within aquatic systems ensures that the subject of this symposium and volume provides an ideal forum to discuss the problems encountered by both researcher and practitioner.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Hydrologic cycle ; Methodology ; Bacteria ; Bacterial counters ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Primary production ; Fungi ; Cryptosporidium
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1-10
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  • 7
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    Detection of specific bacteria in water: implications of survival strategy (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5318 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:37 | 5318 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-09
    Beschreibung: It is widely recognised that conventional culture techniques may underestimate true viable bacterial numbers by several orders of magnitude. The basis of this discrepancy is that a culture in or on media of high nutrient concentration is highly selective (either through ”nutrient shock” or failure to provide vital co-factors) and decreases apparent diversity; thus it is unrepresentative of the natural community. In addition, the non-culturable but viable state (NCBV) is a strategy adopted by some bacteria as a response to environmental stress. The basis for the non-culturable state is that cells placed in conditions present in the environment cannot be recultured but can be shown to maintain their viability. Consequently, these cells would not be detected by standard water quality techniques that are based on culture. In the case of pathogens, it may explain outbreaks of disease in populations that have not come into contact with the pathogen. However, the NCBV state is difficult to attribute, due to the failure to distinguish between NCBV and non-viable cells. This article will describe experiences with the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and the application of molecular techniques for its detection and physiological analysis.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases ; Detection ; Methodology ; Molecular biology ; Microbiological culture
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 28-34
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  • 8
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    The impact of molecular biology on assessment of water quality: advantages and limitations of current techniques (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5316 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:33 | 5316 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-09
    Beschreibung: The advent of molecular biology has had a dramatic impact on all aspects of biology, not least applied microbial ecology. Microbiological testing of water has traditionally depended largely on culture techniques. Growing understanding that only a small proportion of microbial species are culturable, and that many microorganisms may attain a viable but non-culturable state, has promoted the development of novel approaches to monitoring pathogens in the environment. This has been paralleled by an increased awareness of the surprising genetic diversity of natural microbial populations. By targeting gene sequences that are specific for particular microorganisms, for example genes that encode diagnostic enzymes, or species-specific domains of conserved genes such as 16S ribosomal RNA coding sequences (rrn genes), the problems of culture can be avoided. Technical developments, notably in the area of in vitro amplification of DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), now permit routine detection and identification of specific microorganisms, even when present in very low numbers. Although the techniques of molecular biology have provided some very powerful tools for environmental microbiology, it should not be forgotten that these have their own drawbacks and biases in sampling. For example, molecular techniques are dependent on efficient lysis and recovery of nucleic acids from both vegetative forms and spores of microbial species that may differ radically when growing in the laboratory compared with the natural environment. Furthermore, PCR amplification can introduce its own bias depending on the nature of the oligonucleotide primers utilised. However, despite these potential caveats, it seems likely that a molecular biological approach, particularly with its potential for automation, will provide the mainstay of diagnostic technology for the foreseeable future.
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Methodology ; Molecular biology ; DNA ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Detection ; RNA ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 11-18
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  • 9
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    Biodiversity in drinking water distribution systems:a brief review (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5323 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:12 | 5323 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-09
    Beschreibung: In drinking water distribution systems, three groups of living organisms are usually found in the biofilm and circulating water: heterotrophic bacteria, free-living protozoa, and macro-invertebrates. Indirect evidence suggests that protozoa grazing in distribution systems can partially eliminate biomass production and accidental microbiological pollution. This paper examines the biodiversit in drinking water distribution systems.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Limnology ; Water supply ; Biodiversity ; Food chains ; Bacteria ; Invertebrate larvae ; Escherichia coli
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 63-70
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  • 10
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    Persistence of viable but non-culturable bacteria during the production and distribution of drinking water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5322 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:32 | 5322 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-09
    Beschreibung: The direct measurement of in situ respiring bacteria using 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) shows that, especially for Gram-negative bacteria, large numbers of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria are present in finished water from a conventional water treatment plant, and the regrowth of bacteria along distribution networks can be seen rapidly by using this very sensitive technique. The level of bacterial inactivation with chlorine is much less important than has been previously supposed (based on experiments with non-injured laboratory strains of bacteria and classical culture techniques). Threshold values of VBNC bacteria leaving water treatment plants or regrowing along distribution systems have to be determined for better control of coliform regrowth and health- risks associated with the consumption of drinking water.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Health ; Limnology ; Water supply ; Water treatment ; Bacteria ; Microbiological culture ; Bacterial counters ; Staining ; Growth curves ; France
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 54-62
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  • 11
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    Immunodetection of planktonic algae (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5333 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:04:52 | 5333 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-09
    Beschreibung: Interest in the identification and characterisation of cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates in aquatic environments is increasing rapidly due to the perceived roles of these organisms in primary production and nuisance aspects in terms of water treatment and public health. Techniques for the identification and quantification of these organisms currently are limited, and the application of molecular approaches provides fundamental taxonomic information and techniques of practical value. Antigenic properties of algal cells may be useful taxonomic markers. Immunodetection techniques utilise the specificity of the antibody/antigen association as a probe for recognising and distinguishing between microorganisms according to their cell- surface chemistry. Immunofluorescent detection of unicellular cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates has been studied with success in marine and freshwater ecosystems and a range of techniques and results are presented and discussed. The most recent advances in the study of planktonic algae have come with the application of continuous flow cytometric methods (CFC). Flow cytometry makes use of the autofluorescence properties of the algal cells, which alone can be used to demonstrate their presence and permit their quantification in natural water samples. When used in conjunction with immunolabelling techniques, the potential of CFC analysis is broadened to study the serological/strain composition of plankters in natural populations. Changes in algal strains represented within and between waters over periods of time are reported and discussed, along with the ecological issues thus raised.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Limnology ; Bacteria ; Methodology ; Algae ; Plankton ; Immunology ; Detection ; Toxicity tests ; Immunofluorescence ; Synechococcus ; Alexandrium tamarens ; Prorocentrum micans
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 92-103
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  • 12
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    Actinomycetes and actinophage in fresh water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5161 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:17:51 | 5161 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-08
    Beschreibung: Actinomycetes are a group of micro-organisms which lie, in classification, half-way between the fungi and the bacteria. They may be isolated from the plating of leaf washings, water samples and mud dilutions on to nutrient agar (with incorporated actidione to eliminate fungi). The predominant genus varied with the source of the sample. An attempt was also made to isolate the phages of some Actinomycetes. A search was made in the typical environments of the host, for the virus. In this way actinophage were also isolated; and shown to be capable of being transmitted from one host strain to another host strain within 1 sp or from one host to another within 1 genus; i.e. polyvalent.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Ecology ; Environment ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Microbiological culture ; Viruses ; Actinomycetes ; Annual report
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
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    Nitrates - loss processes in raw water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5208 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:16:34 | 5208 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-09
    Beschreibung: This project investigated the production of nitrate (nitrification) by bacteria in lakes. The work was undertaken as nitrification is a key process in the nitrogen cycle and previous estimates of rates of nitrification were unreliable. When different methods were used to estimate rates of nitrification within sediment deposits different results were obtained. Investigation' of specific aspects of these methodologies has allowed some rationalization of these observations and also enabled comparisons of previously published data which, beforehand, was not possible. However, it was not clear which methods gave the most reliable rate estimates. Calculation of a nitrate budget for Grasmere lake indicated that the use of methods which involved the mixing of surface sediments (and therefore disrupted preformed nutrient gradients) overestimated the rate of nitrification. The study concludes that slight changes in the method used to prepare sediment slurries can result in large changes, in the measured nitrifying activity. This makes comparisons between studies, using different methods, extremely difficult. Methods to study sediment nitrification processes which do not disrupt preformed substrate gradients within the sediment provide the most reliable rate estimates.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Limnology ; Bacteria ; Nitrification ; Freshwater lakes ; Sediment samples ; Slurries ; Seasonal variations ; Methodology ; England ; Grasmere Lake
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 47
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  • 14
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    Decomposition in lake sediments: bacterial action and interaction (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5239 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:13:47 | 5239 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-24
    Beschreibung: This review discusses the processes involved in the decomposition of organic carbon derived initially from structural components of algae and other primary producers. It describes how groups of bacteria interact in time and space in a eutrophic lake. The relative importance of anaerobic and aerobic processes are discussed. The bulk of decomposition occurs within the sediment. The role of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle and the iron cycle, and in sulphate reduction and methanogenesis as the terminal metabolism of organic carbon are described.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Chemistry ; Anaerobic bacteria ; Bacteria ; Biodegradation ; Carbon cycle ; Eutrophic lakes ; Fresh water ; Geochemical cycle ; Iron ; Manganese ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen cycle ; Organic carbon ; Oxygen consumption ; Partical size ; Sedimentation ; Sulphates ; Sulphur ; Annual report
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 31-44
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  • 15
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    The health significance of heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5319 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:39 | 5319 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-09
    Beschreibung: Tap water is not sterile; it contains organisms which grow in water distribution systems or inside taps and their fittings. The absence of known pathogenic bacteria is assured by the absence of the indicator organisms but concerns have been raised in the past few years that drinking water fulfilling the standards laid down in the EC Directive ECC 80/778 may still cause disease. These concerns have arisen from several sources: the fact that a cause has been identified in only half of all suspected waterborne outbreaks of disease; reports have suggested that heterotrophic bacteria possessing single pathogenic mechanisms such as haemolysin may cause disease; reports of heterotrophic organisms causing water contact diseases in hospitals. These concerns led to a reappraisal of the pathogenic potential of heteretrophic bacteria, by carrying out an extensive literature search and review commissioned by the UK Water Research Company. This research identified many papers showing an association between drinking water and heterotrophic bacteria but only very few reports of suspected waterborne disease associated with the heterotrophs. The organisms demonstrating potential to cause disease were species of Aeromonas and Yersinia, but typing of organisms identified in patients and isolated from the water revealed very few similarities. The potential of Aeromonas and Yersinia to cause waterborne disease is thought to be very low and the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre database of laboratory infections due to these two genera of organisms was analysed to produce population-related incidences for each health region in England and Wales. Additionally a laboratory questionnaire revealed different levels of ascertainment of these two organisms in different laboratories of the Public Health Laboratory Service.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Health ; Limnology ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Water pollution treatment ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases ; Water supply ; Water policy ; Heterotrophic organisms
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 35-42
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  • 16
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    Bacteria in freshwaters (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5114 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:21:32 | 5114 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-08
    Beschreibung: An article looking at the numerical distribution of bacteria in lakes, the types most commonly present and the nitrogen-cycle, in Lake Windermere. The methodology is explained, including the sampling frequency and depths, and bacteria culturing techniques. Water bodies other than Lake Windermere were also sampled and these are detailed, including a water reservoir. A summary of the work into horizontal of bacteria is given, including a table showing the number of bacteria per millilitre at different distances from inflow into Windermere. A summary of the work into vertical distribution is also given, including two figures, one showing seasonal variation during 1938-9 in numbers of bacteria at different depths in Winderemere, and the other showing the relationship between the numbers of bacteria at 10 metres depth in Windermere and the rainfull during the previous 7 days. A summary of the types of bacteria found, as well as work on the nitrogen cycle in Esthwaite Water, Lake Windermere and Blelham Tarn are given.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Chemistry ; Limnology ; Nitrogen cycle ; Bacteria ; Freshwater ecology ; Limnology ; Seasonal variations ; Water column ; Water reservoirs ; Annual reports ; England ; Lake District
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 51-57
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  • 17
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    Variation in bacterial populations in time and space (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5168 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:18:43 | 5168 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-08
    Beschreibung: Obtaining a reliable estimate of the bacterial population is one of the main problems facing the bacterial ecologist. The author discusses the various methods available and concludes that the observed variability in bacterial populations depends on the sampling interval used.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Ecology ; Bacteria ; Biomass ; Population characteristics ; Population number ; Annual report
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book_section , FALSE
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  • 18
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    Growth rates of bacteria in rivers (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5184 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:17:22 | 5184 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-09
    Beschreibung: Three different methods for determining bacterial growth rate in rivers are described. Two of the methods are for bacteria in suspension: a recirculating experimental channel method and a radioactive tracer technique using super(35)SO sub(4). The third method is for bacteria attached to surfaces and specifically considers the surface of the common duckweed Lemna minor).
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Ecology ; Bacteria ; Growth ; Nannoplankton ; Rivers ; Lemna minor ; England ; Dorset ; River Frome ; Annual report
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 19
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    Phytoplankton and bacteria abundance from flow cytometry from samples collected in the Gulf of Mexico on R/V Nancy Foster cruises NF1704 and NF1802 in May 2017 and May 2018 (2021)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-31
    Beschreibung: Dataset: BLOOFINZ-GoM flow cytometry abundance
    Beschreibung: Phytoplankton and bacteria abundance from flow cytometry from samples collected in the Gulf of Mexico on R/V Nancy Foster cruises NF1704 and NF1802 in May 2017 and May 2018 For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/835414
    Beschreibung: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1851558, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NA16NMF4320058
    Schlagwort(e): Phytoplankton ; Bacteria ; Prochlorococcus ; Synechococcus ; Gulf of Mexico
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Dataset
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  • 20
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    Coral associated microbes on coral, sediment and water sampled from coral reefs in Mo'orea, French Polynesia in 2017 and 2018 (2021)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-31
    Beschreibung: Dataset: Coral Associated Microbes on Mo'orean Coral Reefs
    Beschreibung: Three species of coral, plus water and sediment, were sampled at 21 sites around the island of Mo’orea, French Polynesia during the dry and rainy seasons in 2017 and 2018. Coral associated microbes (bacteria and archaea) were investigated and their community composition characterized through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/845039
    Beschreibung: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1635798, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1635913
    Schlagwort(e): Bacteria ; Archaea ; Moorea Coral Reef LTER ; Holobiont ; Microbiome ; Earth Microbiome Project
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Dataset
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  • 21
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    CTD Depth Profile Cast Data for the InVirT-2019-BATS (Bermuda Atlantic Time Series) project taken in the on board of the R/V Atlantic Explorer AE1926 in 2019. (2021)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-31
    Beschreibung: Dataset: CTD Profile Casts
    Beschreibung: CTD Depth Profile Cast Data for the InVirT-2019-BATS (Bermuda Atlantic Time Series) project taken in the on board of the R/V Atlantic Explorer AE1926 in 2019. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/835593
    Beschreibung: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1829636
    Schlagwort(e): Bermuda Atlantic Time Series ; BATS ; Virus ; Phage ; Metatranscriptomics ; Bacteria ; Diel ; Sargasso Sea
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Dataset
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  • 22
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    Production of two highly abundant 2-methyl-branched fatty acids by blooms of the globally significant marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-27
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gosselin, K. M., Nelson, R. K., Spivak, A. C., Sylva, S. P., Van Mooy, B. A. S., Aeppli, C., Sharpless, C. M., O’Neil, G. W., Arrington, E. C., Reddy, C. M., & Valentine, D. L. Production of two highly abundant 2-methyl-branched fatty acids by blooms of the globally significant marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum. ACS Omega, 6(35), (2021): 22803–22810, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c03196.
    Beschreibung: The bloom-forming cyanobacteria Trichodesmium contribute up to 30% to the total fixed nitrogen in the global oceans and thereby drive substantial productivity. On an expedition in the Gulf of Mexico, we observed and sampled surface slicks, some of which included dense blooms of Trichodesmium erythraeum. These bloom samples contained abundant and atypical free fatty acids, identified here as 2-methyldecanoic acid and 2-methyldodecanoic acid. The high abundance and unusual branching pattern of these compounds suggest that they may play a specific role in this globally important organism.
    Beschreibung: This work was funded with grants from the National Science Foundation grants OCE-1333148, OCE-1333162, and OCE-1756254 and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (IR&D). GCxGC analysis made possible by WHOI’s Investment in Science Fund.
    Schlagwort(e): Lipids ; Alkyls ; Bacteria ; Genetics ; Chromatography
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 23
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    Ancestral absence of electron transport chains in Patescibacteria and DPANN (2020)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Beam, J. P., Becraft, E. D., Brown, J. M., Schulz, F., Jarett, J. K., Bezuidt, O., Poulton, N. J., Clark, K., Dunfield, P. F., Ravin, N. V., Spear, J. R., Hedlund, B. P., Kormas, K. A., Sievert, S. M., Elshahed, M. S., Barton, H. A., Stott, M. B., Eisen, J. A., Moser, D. P., Onstott, T. C., Woyke, T., & Stepanauskas, R. Ancestral absence of electron transport chains in Patescibacteria and DPANN. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, (2020): 1848, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01848.
    Beschreibung: Recent discoveries suggest that the candidate superphyla Patescibacteria and DPANN constitute a large fraction of the phylogenetic diversity of Bacteria and Archaea. Their small genomes and limited coding potential have been hypothesized to be ancestral adaptations to obligate symbiotic lifestyles. To test this hypothesis, we performed cell–cell association, genomic, and phylogenetic analyses on 4,829 individual cells of Bacteria and Archaea from 46 globally distributed surface and subsurface field samples. This confirmed the ubiquity and abundance of Patescibacteria and DPANN in subsurface environments, the small size of their genomes and cells, and the divergence of their gene content from other Bacteria and Archaea. Our analyses suggest that most Patescibacteria and DPANN in the studied subsurface environments do not form specific physical associations with other microorganisms. These data also suggest that their unusual genomic features and prevalent auxotrophies may be a result of ancestral, minimal cellular energy transduction mechanisms that lack respiration, thus relying solely on fermentation for energy conservation.
    Beschreibung: This work was funded by the USA National Science Foundation grants 1441717, 1826734, and 1335810 (to RS); and 1460861 (REU site at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences). RS was also supported by the Simons Foundation grant 510023. TW, FS, and JJ were funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR group was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 19-14-00245). SS was funded by USA National Science Foundation grants OCE-0452333 and OCE-1136727. BH was funded by NASA Exobiology grant 80NSSC17K0548.
    Schlagwort(e): Bacteria ; Archaea ; evolution ; genomics fermentation ; respiration ; oxidoreductases
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 24
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    Biogeochemical and microbial field surveys from the BATS site, Bermuda from R/V Atlantic Explorer cruises from 2009-2013 (Ocean Microbial Observatory project) (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-31
    Beschreibung: Dataset: MO - biogeochemical and microbial field surveys
    Beschreibung: Biogeochemical and microbial field surveys from the BATS site, Bermuda from R/V Atlantic Explorer cruises from 2009-2013. This dataset includes water samples collected from 2009-2013 at the Bermuda Hydrostation that were analyzed for DOC, POC, bacterial abundance, leucine, and thymidine incorporation. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/543314
    Beschreibung: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0802004
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrography ; Bacteria ; Organic matter ; Sargasso Sea
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Dataset
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  • 25
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    Transcriptome data for bacteria collected eight hours after individual inoculation into a diatom Thalassiosira psuedonana culture (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-31
    Beschreibung: Dataset: Diatom Matrix RNAseq
    Beschreibung: Transcriptome data for bacteria Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3, Stenotrophomonas sp. SKA14, Polaribacter dokdonensis MED152, and Dokdonia MED134 collected eight hours after individual inoculation into a diatom Thalassiosira psuedonana culture. The sequence data description for PRHNA448168 is at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/?term=PRJNA448168. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/818765
    Beschreibung: NSF Division of Integrative Organismal Systems (NSF IOS) IOS-1656311
    Schlagwort(e): Phytoplankton ; Bacteria ; Co-cultures ; Transcriptomes ; RNAseq
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Dataset
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  • 26
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    Soil salinity and pH drive soil bacterial community composition and diversity along a lateritic slope in the Avon River critical zone observatory, Western Australia. (2019)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in O'Brien, F. J. M., Almaraz, M., Foster, M. A., Hill, A. F., Huber, D. P., King, E. K., Langford, H., Lowe, M., Mickan, B. S., Miller, V. S., Moore, O. W., Mathes, F., Gleeson, D., & Leopold, M. Soil salinity and pH drive soil bacterial community composition and diversity along a lateritic slope in the Avon River critical zone observatory, Western Australia. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, (2019): 1486, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01486.
    Beschreibung: Soils are crucial in regulating ecosystem processes, such as nutrient cycling, and supporting plant growth. To a large extent, these functions are carried out by highly diverse and dynamic soil microbiomes that are in turn governed by numerous environmental factors including weathering profile and vegetation. In this study, we investigate geophysical and vegetation effects on the microbial communities of iron-rich lateritic soils in the highly weathered landscapes of Western Australia (WA). The study site was a lateritic hillslope in southwestern Australia, where gradual erosion of the duricrust has resulted in the exposure of the different weathering zones. High-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to investigate soil bacterial community diversity, composition and functioning. We predicted that shifts in the microbial community would reflect variations in certain edaphic properties associated with the different layers of the lateritic profile and vegetation cover. Our results supported this hypothesis, with electrical conductivity, pH and clay content having the strongest correlation with beta diversity, and many of the differentially abundant taxa belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Soil water repellence, which is associated with Eucalyptus vegetation, also affected beta diversity. This enhanced understanding of the natural system could help to improve future crop management in WA since the physicochemical properties of the agricultural soils in this region are inherited from laterites via the weathering and pedogenesis processes.
    Beschreibung: This work was funded by the WUN and the individual authors’ institutions. MA and MF were funded by the Critical Zone Observatory Program, NSF ICER 1445346.
    Schlagwort(e): Soil microbial ; Community ; Bacteria ; Laterite ; Critical zone ; Western Australia
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 27
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    Bacterial and archaeal specific-predation in the North Atlantic Basin (2019)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Seyler, L. M., Tuorto, S., McGuinness, L. R., Gong, D., & Kerkhof, L. J. Bacterial and archaeal specific-predation in the North Atlantic Basin. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, (2019): 555, doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00555.
    Beschreibung: Stable isotope probing (SIP) was used to track prokaryotic and eukaryotic carbon uptake along a meridional transect (Long. 52°W) in the North Atlantic to assess if 13C-resource partitioning between bacteria and archaea and 13C-labeled eukaryotic predators could be detected. One-liter SIP microcosms were amended with 13C-acetate or 13C-urea and incubated for 48 h. Our data indicated archaea often outcompeted bacteria for 13C-urea while both archaea and bacteria could incorporate 13C-acetate. This 13C label could also be tracked into eukaryotic microbes. The largest number of 13C-labeled eukaryotic OTUs, and the greatest percentage of eukaryotic 13C signal, were observed in conjunction with both archaeal and bacterial 13C incorporation, suggesting that most eukaryotic predators do not distinguish between archaeal and bacterial prey. However, other 13C-eukaryotic OTUs were exclusively associated with either 13C-archaeal or 13C-bacterial OTUs. These archaeal-specific and bacterial-specific 13C-eukaryotic OTUs were related to known bactivorous predators including Ancyromonas, Amastigomonas, Cafeteria, and Caecitellus. Our SIP findings suggest both resource partitioning between bacteria and TACK (Thaumarchaeota, Aigarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Korarchaeota) archaea and selective predation by eukaryotic predators. Determining the equalizing mechanisms for co-existence in the marine environment can help map predator/prey interactions to better estimate carbon flow in the deep ocean.
    Beschreibung: This research was made possible through the support of the U.S Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program and NSF Ocean Technology and Interdisciplinary Program grant (#1131022) to LK.
    Schlagwort(e): Archaea ; Bacteria ; Predation ; Competition ; Stable isotope probing ; Deep ocean
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 28
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    Quantitative PCR data from sediment samples from MPSV GREATSHIP MANISHA IODP-347 cruise in the Baltic Sea in 2013 (IODP-347 Microbial Quantification project) (2016)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-31
    Beschreibung: Dataset: qPCR
    Beschreibung: These data include the quantification of specific microbial taxa within the sediments collected during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 347: Baltic Sea. DNA was extracted from the interior of frozen whole round cores sampled from Little Belt, Anholt Loch, Landsort Deep, and Bornholm Basin at The University of Tennessee. For a more detailed description of drill sites, access the data set, "IODP-347 drill site locations". Primers specifically targeting the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria, archaea, anaerobic methane oxidizers (ANME-1), and Miscellaneous Crenarchaeota Group (MCG; taxonomically reassigned as the Bathyarchaeota phylum of Archaea) were used to assess abundance of these microbial groups. Abundance data was generated using quantitative-PCR (qPCR) and a non-specific, intercalating DNA stain, SYBR Green. Values were compared against a standard curve to generate copies/uL. These data were collected by Alex Shumaker as part of Dr. Karen Lloyd and Dr. Andrew Steen’s project funded by the National Science Foundation entitled, "Quantifying the contribution of the deep biosphere in the marine sediment carbon cycle using deep-sea sediment cores from the Baltic Sea". For a complete list of measurements, refer to the supplemental document 'Field_names.pdf', and a full dataset description is included in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/641358
    Beschreibung: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1431598
    Schlagwort(e): qPCR ; Bacteria ; Archaea ; Baltic Sea ; Marine sediment
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Dataset
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  • 29
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    Proteins identified from the black smoker chimney Inferno hydrothermal vent plume meta-proteome - replicate Av1 - on the Axial seamount off the coast of Washington in 2011. (2016)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-31
    Beschreibung: Dataset: Inferno vent plume proteins-Av1
    Beschreibung: Proteins identified from the black smoker chimney Inferno hydrothermal vent plume waters at Axial Seamount, an active volcano along the Juan de Fuca Ridge spreading center, were identified using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These data are reported as Supplementary Table 3 and discussed in the on-line publication “Sulfur oxidizers dominate carbon fixation at a biogeochemical hot spot in the dark ocean” by Mattes, et al., 2013. doi for that publication: 10.1038/ismej.2013.113. This is the first of two replicate datasets. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the supplemental document 'Field_names.pdf', and a full dataset description is included in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/627835
    Beschreibung: NSF Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1232840
    Schlagwort(e): Bacteria ; Proteomics ; Hydrothermal
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Dataset
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  • 30
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    Diversity and distribution of prokaryotes within a shallow-water pockmark field (2016)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Microbiology 7 (2016): 941, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00941.
    Beschreibung: Pockmarks are crater-like depression on the seafloor associated with hydrocarbon ascent through muddy sediments in continental shelves around the world. In this study, we examine the diversity and distribution of benthic microbial communities at shallow-water pockmarks adjacent to the Middle Adriatic Ridge. We integrate microbial diversity data with characterization of local hydrocarbons concentrations and sediment geochemistry. Our results suggest these pockmarks are enriched in sedimentary hydrocarbons, and host a microbial community dominated by Bacteria, even in deeper sediment layers. Pockmark sediments showed higher prokaryotic abundance and biomass than surrounding sediments, potentially due to the increased availability of organic matter and higher concentrations of hydrocarbons linked to pockmark activity. Prokaryotic diversity analyses showed that the microbial communities of these shallow-water pockmarks are unique, and comprised phylotypes associated with the cycling of sulfur and nitrate compounds, as well as numerous know hydrocarbon degraders. Altogether, this study suggests that shallow-water pockmark habitats enhance the diversity of the benthic prokaryotic biosphere by providing specialized environmental niches.
    Beschreibung: This work was partially supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations [C-DEBI, grant OCE-0939564] awarded to DG, by National Science Foundation grant OCE 11-24141 to CV, and European Science Foundation EuroDeep BIOFUN grant CTM2007-28739-E to EM. This article commits to EU HERMIONE [contract no. 226354] and CoCoNet [contract no. 287844] programs, and the Italian MIUR flag Ritmare within the National Research Program 2011–2013.
    Schlagwort(e): Pockmarks ; Cold seeps ; Hydrocarbons ; Prokaryotic diversity ; Bacteria ; Archaea ; Hydrocarbon degradation ; Microbial diversity
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 31
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    Iron limitation of a springtime bacterial and phytoplankton community in the Ross Sea : implications for vitamin B12 nutrition (2014)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2011. This is an open-access article subject to a non-exclusive license between the authors and Frontiers Media SA, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Microbiology 2 (2011): 160, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00160.
    Beschreibung: The Ross Sea is home to some of the largest phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean. Primary production in this system has previously been shown to be iron limited in the summer and periodically iron and vitamin B12 colimited. In this study, we examined trace metal limitation of biological activity in the Ross Sea in the austral spring and considered possible implications for vitamin B12 nutrition. Bottle incubation experiments demonstrated that iron limited phytoplankton growth in the austral spring while B12, cobalt, and zinc did not. This is the first demonstration of iron limitation in a Phaeocystis antarctica-dominated, early season Ross Sea phytoplankton community. The lack of B12 limitation in this location is consistent with previous Ross Sea studies in the austral summer, wherein vitamin additions did not stimulate P. antarctica growth and B12 was limiting only when bacterial abundance was low. Bottle incubation experiments and a bacterial regrowth experiment also revealed that iron addition directly enhanced bacterial growth. B12 uptake measurements in natural water samples and in an iron fertilized bottle incubation demonstrated that bacteria serve not only as a source for vitamin B12, but also as a significant sink, and that iron additions enhanced B12 uptake rates in phytoplankton but not bacteria. Additionally, vitamin uptake rates did not become saturated upon the addition of up to 95 pM B12. A rapid B12 uptake rate was observed after 13 min, which then decreased to a slower constant uptake rate over the next 52 h. Results from this study highlight the importance of iron availability in limiting early season Ross Sea phytoplankton growth and suggest that rates of vitamin B12 production and consumption may be impacted by iron availability.
    Beschreibung: This research was supported by NSF grants OCE-0752291, OPP-0440840, OPP-0338097, OPP-0338164, ANT-0732665, OCE-0452883, and OCE-1031271, the Center for Microbial Oceanography Research and Education (CMORE) and a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship (2007037200) and an Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship to EMB (F6E20324).
    Schlagwort(e): Iron limitation ; Vitamin B12 ; Ross Sea ; Colimitation ; Bacteria ; Phytoplankton ; Iron fertilization
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 32
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    Densely populated settings: the challenge of siting geological facilities for deep geothermics, CO2 and natural gas storage, and radioactive waste disposal Underground Coexistence and Synergies for a Sound Energy Mix in the Post-Kyoto Era (2012)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The abstracts herein – collected for the 34th Course of the International School of Geophysics, held in Erice, Italy (“Ettore Majorana” Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture, 25-30 September, 2010) – focus on geophysical, geological and geochemical methods applied to the planning of the soundest energy mix in densely populated countries, where the coexistence of different technologies requires unique underground facilities and resources. In the framework of IEA and EU programmes, where the concepts of “smart grids” and “smart cities” are prevailing, we rather propose the concept of “smart region” planning the use of both underground and surface areas in a new social-energetic paradigm of “zero kilometer” life. The coexistence of geological storage of CO2 and natural gas, geothermics and, possibly, nuclear waste temporary storage (near surface or geological) is today necessary owing to the progressive decrease of space and resources. In this context, the following technologies turn out to be very important: renewables (geothermal energy), nuclear power, clean coal technologies via CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS), Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), Enhanced Coal Bed Methane (ECBM), non-conventional gas exploitation, and seasonal storage of natural gas (also for strategic reserves). These technologies have been recently emphasized in Italy by the Ministry of Economic Development and by the Ministry of the Environment and Territory, as well as by research institutions such as INGV and CNR. Key topics addressed during the Course were: • Geological storage and disposal: assessment of available volume and structures. • Subsurface geological resources: management of potential conflicts among various technologies. • Geological site characterization and risk assessment for policy makers and regulators: the role of the energy industry. • New high tech frontiers for geothermal power production. • New concepts in nuclear waste disposal. • Numerical simulation software for geothermal exploration, geological storage and nuclear waste disposal. • Sharing subsurface data coming from oil & gas and geothermal exploration. • High resolution characterization of shallow aquifers and reservoirs: multi-strata exploitation by different energy technologies. • Case histories and natural analogues: “learning by doing” and “acceptable risk” concepts. The 34th Course of the International School of Geophysics is dedicated to students and young contract researchers starting their carreers in a period of energetic-environmental global crisis. Although their scientific contribution is of high quality, they are usually underpaid in public research institutions with respect to volatile staff of some international organizations who, making use of the results of governmentfunded research, make final decisions on low-carbon energy technologies.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-102
    Beschreibung: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): deep geothermics ; CO2 and natural gas storage ; radioactive waste disposal ; underground coexistence ; energy mix ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Earth Expansion Evidence: a Challenge for Geology, Geophysics and Astronomy (2012)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-03
    Beschreibung: The last century was dominated by the creation of scientific theories: the newborn Relativistic, Quantum and Cosmological Theories are proper examples. The Earth Sciences followed this trend by proposing the principles of Plate tectonics. On the contrary, the concept of the Expanding Earth was not developed as a commonly accepted paradigm, but was an open field of original investigations, interpretations, and results. This innovative attitude is evident in the di erent interpretations of the Pacific and Indian oceans paleogeographical evolution; in the cosmological or incidental motor of expansion (still to be identified); in the different estimates of the Earth’s radial expansion. This is a positive sign of vitality: we cannot crystallize these ideas in a few postulates from which we may deduce all the answers, and to which we may constrain all data. The Expanding Planet scheme provides a common explanation of several complex and debated issues relating to Paleontology, Paleomagnetism, Geology and Climatology. The Workshop, through oral and poster contributions, will cover a wide range of issues in a field that, although supported by compelling evidence, is still in search of a definite and commonly accepted cause for the expansion. Our final goal is to explore the Expanding Earth concept from di erent scientific perspectives. Some important new entries come from Physics and these can suitably be linked to clues derived from Paleogeography, Paleontology, Life Evolution, Climatology, ... etc. It is perhaps of particular significance that these progresses in Physics, towards a material physical space, will be presented at the Ettore Majorana Centre, considering that the uncle and mentor of Ettore Majorana was Quirino Majorana, a physicist who performed several experiments with a view to revealing the material essence of gravity. A group of non-expansionist researchers in the fields of Geodesy, Oceanography and Seismology, have accepted our invitation to deliver lectures to our community to clarify the limits and show up the new ways that expansionists should consider while building their new interpretations. The Poster session is going to be full of high quality presentations and also of papers by outstanding scientists in absentia, who will not be able to come to Erice. The Workshop should be a forum for sharing ideas and for promoting the convergence of aims, but also given that we are the so-called heretics in Geosciences the birthplace of new and original ideas, possibly destined to become the accepted conceptions in the future. Acknowledgements. The Directors of the Workshop, Stefan Cwojdzi´nski and Giancarlo Scalera, wish to heartily thank Prof. Antonino Zichichi and Prof. Enzo Boschi for their great far-sightedness in accepting and making possible the realization of this Conference at the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture. They have been confident of a project whose success was not guaranteed in advance. The followers of the expansion tectonics are just a few today and do not have a central and o cial position in academic institutions, but are animated by the inner certainty of being on the right track. This Workshop represents a further encouragement to continue our work on the several di erent aspects of the Expanding Earth concept. The General Director of INGV, Tullio Pepe and the Head of the Cultural Services Fabio Florindo have greatly facilitated the administrative aspects of the event. The organization of the Earth Expansion Evidence meeting would not have been possible without the invaluable collaboration of Silvia Nardi who sometimes with firm hand has assumed the role of vice-directors , and without the important contribution of all the sta of the EMFCSC, supervised by Mrs. Fiorella Ruggiu. We thanks Barbara Angioni, Daniela Riposati, Luigi Innocenzi , Stefano Bucci, Davide Di Luigi, and Alessandro Bannoni, who have kindly and creatively collaborated to the colourful graphics and aesthetic look of the Erices Meeting.
    Beschreibung: INGV, Regione Sicilia, Ministero Sviluppo Economico
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture, Erice, Sicily
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Expanding Earth ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Conference paper
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    Foreword and Acknowledgements (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: This is the first volume of an international scientific journal that is dedicated to issues of geoethics and geological culture. Its goal is to inform the Italian and international scientific communities about what emerged at the GeoItalia 2011 conference, attended by not only Italian geoscientists. At this conference, the geoscientists questioned their role in society and the responsibilities that they have to assume as scholars of the planet Earth and experts of the territory. They highlighted the need for rediscovery of the cultural values of geology as a science that can contribute to the construction of correct social knowledge, and the need to be aware that geoethics cannot exist without a real awareness among geoscientists of the cultural value of the Earth sciences.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 331
    Beschreibung: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Geoetica ; Geological Culture ; Earth Sciences ; Philosophy ; Education ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Ethical and cultural value of the Earth sciences. Interview with Prof. Giulio Giorello (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Prof. Giulio Giorello is amongst the most prominent philosophers of science in Italy and in the world. He is currently Professor of the Philosophy of Science at the University of Milan, Director of the Series ‘Science and Ideas’ (Raffaele Cortina Books Editor), and Literary Journalist of the cultural pages of the Corriere della Sera, one of the most important of the Italian newspapers. In this keynote presentation, in interview form, he talks about the value that the Earth sciences have had through history, framing this group of disciplines in ethical and epistemological terms, and highlighting some important elements that have to be considered in geological activities.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 343-346
    Beschreibung: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Giulio Giorello ; Earth Sciences ; Interview ; Philosophy ; Epistemology ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    If Space is Material, What Inertia Should Be? (2012)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-03
    Beschreibung: (extended abstract)
    Beschreibung: INGV, Regione Sicilia, Ministero Sviluppo Economico
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture, Erice, Sicily
    Beschreibung: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Inertia ; Physics ; Fluid Dynamics ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Extended abstract
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  • 37
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    Geoethics and geological culture: awareness, responsibility and challenges (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The international debate in the field of geoethics focuses on some of the most important environmental emergencies, while highlighting the great responsibilities of geoscientists, whatever field they work in, and the important social, cultural and economic repercussions that their choices can have on society. The GeoItalia 2009 and 2011 conferences that were held in Rimini and Turin, respectively, and were organized by the Italian Federation of Earth Science, were two important moments for the promotion of geoethics in Italy. They were devoted to the highlighting of how, and with what tools and contents, can the geosciences contribute to the cultural renewal of society. They also covered the active roles of geoscientists in the dissemination of scientific information, contributing in this way to the correct construction of social knowledge. Geology is culture, and as such it can help to dispel misconceptions and cultural stereotypes that concern natural phenomena, disasters, resources, and land management. Geological culture consists of methods, goals, values, history, ways of thinking about nature, and specific sensitivity for approaching problems and their solutions. So geology has to fix referenced values, as indispensable prerequisites for geoethics. Together, geological culture and geoethics can strengthen the bond that joins people to their territory, and can help to find solutions and answers to some important challenges in the coming years regarding natural risks, resources, and climate change. Starting from these considerations, we stress the importance of establishing an ethical criterion for Earth scientists, to focus attention on the issue of the responsibility of geoscientists, and the need to more clearly define their scientific identity and the value of their specificities.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 335-341
    Beschreibung: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Education ; History of science ; Public issues ; General (Philosophy of Earth sciences) ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Social aspects of the Earth sciences. Interview with Prof. Franco Ferrarotti (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Franco Ferrarotti, Professor emeritus at ‘La Sapienza’ University of Rome; since winning the first Chair in this discipline in Italy in 1961, he has been considered the Father of Italian Sociology. An independent Member of Italian Parliament in the third government (1958-1963), a member of the New York Academy of Sciences, and a ‘visiting Professor’ at many universities in Europe, North America, Russia, Japan and Latin America. Franco Ferrarotti has taught and still teaches in Europe and America, and he has received many awards throughout his career. In this interview, he talks about the social aspects and consequences of Earth sciences studies.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 347-348
    Beschreibung: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Social aspects ; Geologists activity ; Scientific information ; Society ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 39
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    A Hippocratic Oath for geologists? (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We argue here that the introduction of an ethical code of conduct that follows the example of the Hippocratic Oath of physicians will help geologists to acquire binding awareness of their professional and social responsibilities. The ethical behavior and obligations of modern geologists involve, but are not limited to, the following issues: correct land/ environment use and management; respect of truth and science; and protection of the Earth systems, on both the local and global scales, and therefore, of our well-being. We believe that for geoligists, the explicit acceptance of an ethical code will help to promote: (i) an awareness of their social role, expertise and sense of belonging to a professional community; (ii) an understanding of the expectations of citizens and society; and (iii) cultural growth, with better use of research and implementation of scientific and professional skills. All this should enhance the public recognition of the social mission of geologists, which is essential for the well-being of society. Therefore, we suggest that like in the majority of medical schools, ethical training should be a part of the university curriculum for students in geology.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 365-369
    Beschreibung: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Hippocratic Oath ; Geologists ; Social responsibility ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 40
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    Blackening of Pompeian Cinnabar paintings: X-ray micro-spectroscopy analysis (2007)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Red Pompeian paintings, very famous for their deep intensity, are currently suffering from darkening. The origins of this darkening degradation are not clearly identified yet and remain a major issue for curators. In the specific case of cinnabar (HgS)-based red pigment, a photoinduced conversion into black metacinnabar is usually suspected. This work is focused on the blackening of red cinnabar paintings coated on a sparry calcite mortar. Different samples exhibiting different levels of degradation were selected upon visual observations and analyzed by synchrotron-based microanalytical techniques. Atomic and molecular compositions of the different debased regions revealed two possible degradation mechanisms. On one hand, micro X-ray fluorescence elemental maps show peculiar distributions of chlorine and sulfur. On the other hand, X-ray absorption spectroscopy performed at both Cl and S K-edges confirms the presence of characteristic degradation products: (i) Hg- Cl compounds (e.g., corderoite, calomel, and terlinguaite), which may result from the reaction with exogenous NaCl, in gray areas; (ii) gypsum, produced by the calcite sulfation, in black coatings. Metacinnabar is never detected. Finally, a cross section was analyzed to map the in-depth alteration gradient. Reduced and oxidized sulfur distributions reveal that the sulfated black coating consists of a 5-ím-thick layer covering intact cinnabar.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 7484-7492
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Microspectroscopy Analysis ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 41
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    Investigation into the problem of characterization of the HF ionospheric fluctuating channel of propagation: construction of a physically based HF channel simulator (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: A wideband HF simulator has been constructed that is based on a detailed physical model. It can generate an output giving a time realization of the HF wideband channel for any HF carrier frequency and bandwidth and for any given transmitter receiver path, time of day, month and year and for any solar activity/geomagnetic conditions. To accomplish this, a comprehensive solution has been obtained to the problem of HF wave propagation for the most general case of a 3D inhomogeneous ionosphere with time-varying electron density fluctuations. The solution is based on the complex phase method (Rytov s method), which has been extended to the case of an inhomogeneous medium and a point source of the field. Results of simulation obtained according to the technique developed have been presented, calculated for a single-hop path 1000 km long oriented to the south from St. Petersburg and including a horizontal electron density gradient present in the IRI model used as the basis of the ionosphere model. The fluctuations of the ionospheric electron density were characterized by an inverse power law anisotropic spatial spectrum. For this model, the random walk of the phasor at the receiver is determined and shown both for paths reflected in the E- and Fregions, being significantly larger for the latter. The oblique sounding ionogram is constructed and reveals three propagation modes: the E-mode and low and high angle F-mode paths. The time-varying field due to each of these paths is then summed at the receiving location enabling the calculation of the scattering function and also the time realization of the received signal shown as a function of both fast and slow time. This is performed both with and without the presence of the geomagnetic field; in the former case the splitting of the F2-mode into both e- and o-modes is seen. It is also shown how the scattering function can be obtained from the time realization of the channel in a way akin to experimental determination of the scattering function from channel measurements. Results from the simulations show the very significant effect of irregularities of even modest magnitude and the comparative effects due to background ionosphere dispersion and the fluctuating irregularities as well as geomagnetic mode splitting. Since the simulator is based on a physical model, it should be possible by comparison of experimental results and simulation to identify the correspondence between physical parameters (e.g., the variance and anisotropy of the electron density fluctuations, orientation of the propagation path to the magnetic meridian, bulk ionosphere motions) with observed channel parameters (e.g., Doppler spread and shift, time delay spread).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    A critical history of British earthquakes (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: This paper reviews the history of the study of historical British earthquakes. The publication of compendia of British earthquakes goes back as early as the late 16th Century. A boost to the study of earthquakes in Britain was given in the mid 18th Century as a result of two events occurring in London in 1750 (analogous to the general increase in earthquakes in Europe five years later after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake). The 19th Century saw a number of significant studies, culminating in the work of Davison, whose book-length catalogue was published finally in 1924. After that appears a gap, until interest in the subject was renewed in the mid 1970s. The expansion of the U.K. nuclear programme in the 1980s led to a series of large-scale investigations of historical British earthquakes, all based almost completely on primary historical data and conducted to high standards. The catalogue published by BGS in 1994 is a synthesis of these studies, and presents a parametric catalogue in which historical earthquakes are assessed from intensity data points based on primary source material. Since 1994, revisions to parameters have been minor and new events discovered have been restricted to a few small events.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): historical earthquakes ; seismicity ; earthquake catalogues ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Exhibition on «Documenting disaster: natural disasters in Japanese history 1703-2003» (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Application of 3D visualization techniques in the analysis of GPR data for archaeology (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: In this work, some results of a GPR survey carried out in a 10000 m2 large archaeological site, located in Lecce (Italy) near to a necropolis dating from the Messapian to the Roman imperial age, are reported. After a preliminary survey, performed on the entire area along parallel 1 m spaced profiles using a 200 MHz and a 500 MHz antenna in single-fold continuous mode, some smaller areas were selected, where the survey was repeated decreasing the profile spacing down to 0.50 m for the lower frequency antenna and to 0.25 m for the higher one. For two selected zones (D and B) the processed data were visualized in 3D space not only by the standard time slice technique, but also by two recently proposed approaches, namely by iso-amplitude surfaces of the complex trace amplitude and by 3D projection of energy and envelope stacks. The immediacy in revealing the spatial positioning of highly reflecting bodies, such as the anomaly interpreted as an old refilled cistern in zone D, makes 3D visualization techniques very attractive in archaeological applications of GPR. Their sensitivity to the signal/noise ratio is, on the other hand, highlighted by the quite poor performance in zone B, where the only reliable result provided by all the techniques was the soil/bedrock reflection, whereas none of them could effectively enhance the visibility of weak dipping reflections noted on 2D sections and probably related to fractures or bedding planes in the calcarenitic basement. The performance of the various techniques in these two different situations allowed insights into their main advantages and drawbacks to be gained.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): ground-penetrating radar ; archaeological investigations ; visualization techniques ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Palaeomagnetic results from an archaeological site near Rome (Italy): new insights for tectonic rotation during the last 0.5 Myr (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: Approximately 20 km north-east of Rome, along the modern trace of the Tiburtina road, recent archaeological diggings have brought to light a system of aqueduct galleries constructed by Roman engineers. This site falls inside the Acque Albule Basin, a travertine plateau Upper Pleistocene in age, that has been interpreted as a rhombshaped pull-apart basin created by strike-slip faulting within a N-S shear zone. This study provides evidence that two narrow water channels of this aqueduct system were significantly deformed by tectonic movement that occurred subsequent to their construction (II-III century A.D.). The geometry of the deformation pattern is compatible with that expected for a shear zone bounded by N-S oriented, right-lateral faults. The palaeomagnetic study of the volcanic formation («Pozzolane Rosse» Formation, 457± 4 kyr) containing the Roman aqueduct system evidences significant clockwise rotation around sub-vertical axis, consistent with the above-mentioned tectonic style.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): palaeomagnetism ; block rotation ; active tectonics ; Rome ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Multidisciplinary investigations on the Roman aqueduct of Grumentum (Basilicata, Southern Italy) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: The Romans built the ancient town of Grumentum during the 3rd century B.C. in the southern part of the Agri high Valley (Basilicata Region, Southern Italy) near the confluence of the Sciaura stream in the Agri River. Now it is one of the most important archaeological sites of Southern Italy. In fact, after a period of wars in this area between Romans and Carthaginians, a great deal of restoration was started in 57 B.C. These works affected the city walls, public buildings and finally endowed the Roman colony with important infrastructures, such as the new aqueduct. In this work, we attempt to reconstruct the ancient layout of the Roman aqueduct of Grumentum. As a starting point, we followed some descriptions from the 19th century, when the structure was still well preserved. Then, we performed a multidisciplinary geophysical approach to the best preserved remains of the aqueduct. In particular, the geophysical investigation started with the use of a portable GPS allowing us to acquire the co-ordinates of the outcropping rests of the ancient structure. Then, we used an optical pumping magnetometer to perform seven gradiometric maps over a broad area of about 8000 m2. From the literature descriptions, dating to the first part of the 19th century, we can deduce that the state of preservation of the Roman aqueduct was much better than the present one. Thus we can hypothesise as the cause of its fast involution the fact that it was located in the epicentral area of the large destructive earthquake which occurred in the Basilicata Region in 1857 (Mallet, 1862). To this aim, we performed a first attempt to correlate the state of preservation of the aqueduct remains with the local seismic amplification by means of the HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) technique. This survey allowed us to obtain the site amplification spectra along the aqueduct layout and assess the fundamental vibration frequency of the investigated structure. The possibility of landslides was ruled out by a careful geological survey. The relationship between aqueduct path and damage should then be attributed to closeness to earthquake seismogenic fault.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): geoarchaeology ; magnetic prospecting ; HVSR investigation ; seismogenic fault ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 47
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    Remote effects in real induction arrows (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: In August 2001, Annali di Geofisica, 44 (4), pp. 659-669, published the paper: «Anomalous directional behaviour of the real parts of the induction arrows in the Eastern Alps: tectonic and palaeogeographic implications» written by Marcus Gurk and Pierre-André Schnegg. Concerning this paper we have two brief comments.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 48
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    Letters in the Earth Sciences: their historic value and present-day scientific relevance (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: Scientific letters, of great importance in the history of science and scientific instrumentation, have a particular importance for those sectors of earth sciences in which structured observation networks are distributed across the territory, such as seismology, meteorology, geomagnetism and astronomy. It may come as a surprise to know that in the historical scientific letter collections there can be information having a certain scientific novelty. The current scientific relevance for seismology of the content of some historical letters is one of the aspects that most of all motivate an investment into this kind of research, more by the seismologists than by the historians of science. The experiences conducted up until now within the TROMOS project (INGV-SGA)framework have led us to identify the following types of information: description on the effects of seismic events; scientific comments to theories,to publications, etc.; graphs; reproductions of seismograms; news of loans of recordings;information and drawings of instruments, their location and orientation within the observatories.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 49
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    The new release of the database of Earthquake Mechanisms of the Mediterranean Area (EMMA Version 2) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 50
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    An atlas of Mediterranean seismicity (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 51
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    The 346 A.D. earthquake( Central-Southern Italy): an archaeoseismological approach (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: The 346 A.D. earthquake is known through sparse historical sources. It is mentioned by Hyeronimus as felt in Rome and responsible for damage in the ancient Campania Province. Four epigraphs report the earthquake as the cause for the restorations of buildings at Aesernia-Isernia, Allifae-Alife, Telesia-Telese and Saepinum-Sepino. On this basis, an area possibly struck by the earthquake was already defined in the literature. Another seventeen epigraphs mentioning restoration or re-building of edifices in localities of central-southern Italy (without explicitly referring to the earthquake as the cause of the damage) are possibly related to the earthquake effects. We tried to enhance our knowledge on the 346 earthquake through archaeoseismological analyses. The investigation has benefited from specific fieldwork during archaeological excavations and a critical review of the available archaeological literature. However, a correct archaeoseismological interpretation is hindered by the occurrence of two earthquakes (346 and 375 A.D.) in a short time span and in adjacent areas (whose effects may be archaeo-chronologically undistinguishable) and the not always univocal evidence of the seismic origin of the detected collapses or restoration of structures. For this reason we propose a representation of the 346 A.D. effects through two extreme pictures: 1) the localities for which conclusive data on the earthquake effects are available and 2) the data of point 1 plus the localities for which archaeoseismological data consistent with the earthquake are available. The latter view defines an area of possible damage related to the 346 event larger than that previously known. In particular, the earthquake damage may result from a seismic sequence similar to that, which struck a part of the central and the southern Apennines in 1456, or from an event comparable to that which occurred in 1805, responsible for widespread damage in the northern sector of the southern Apennines.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): archaeoseismology ; 346 A.D. earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 52
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    Trémblements de terre «historiques» au Québec (de 1534 à mars 1925) identifiés et interprétésà partir des textes originaux contemporains (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-04
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 422634 bytes
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