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  • Articles  (5)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk  (3)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology
  • Agu  (4)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • Articles  (5)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The statistical modeling of the time-size distribution of volcanic eruptions is a fundamental tool to understand better the physics of the eruptive process, and to make reliable forecasts [Newhall and Hoblitt, 2002; Connor et al., 2003; Marzocchi et al., 2004a; Sparks and Aspinall, 2004]. Eruption forecasting is commonly associated to different timescales (short-, intermediate-, and long-term; see definition by Newhall and Hoblitt [2002]). Regardless of the time frame, the statistical modeling of the past behavior of a volcano is a key ingredient for quantitative forecasting (usually, but not necessarily, over long time intervals) when the volcano has an almost stationary state (for instance, it is dormant). In this case, monitoring data are not particularly informative of the future evolution of the system, at least until the volcano becomes restless and/or changes its stationary state. Hereinafter, the terms ‘‘eruption forecasting’’ and ‘‘volcanic hazard’’ refer to this stationary case. [3] The main difficulties in providing a general model of eruptive activity are linked to the existence of different types of volcanic activity, to the paucity of eruptive data for most volcanoes, and to the intrinsic complexity of eruptive processes. As a consequence, most of the past papers devoted to this issue are focused on single (or very few) volcanoes [e.g., Wickman, 1976; Klein, 1982; Burt et al., 1994; Bebbington and Lai, 1996; Marzocchi, 1996; Connor et al., 2003; Gusev et al., 2003; Sandri et al., 2005] where detailed eruptive catalogs exist. This approach limits the generality of the results. We cannot know if the behavior of the volcano analyzed represents a generic feature of a specific type of volcanism, or if it is peculiar of the volcano itself. Under this perspective, part of the different statistical distributions found by analyzing single eruptive catalogs can be explained by the existence of some peculiarities in volcanic activity. [4] One way to overcome this drawback, which we use here, is to perform a common analysis on data from several volcanoes. In particular, we test the Poisson hypothesis in the time domain, and the reliability of time-size distributions such as the time predictable model and size predictable model. The results obtained are then used to build a quantitative model of the statistical time-size distribution for some classes of volcanic activities that can be used for volcanic hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: B04204
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: quantitative model ; eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Knowledge of past precursor patterns is crucial for the correct interpretation of monitoring data and reliable volcano forecasting. In the case of Vesuvius, one of the world’s riskiest volcanoes, very little information is available about unrest signals following long periods of quiescence. The translation and analysis of three Latin treatises written from eye-witnesses immediately after the A.D. 1631 subplinian eruption allowed us to reconstruct the sequence of precursors. The progression in the signals was remarkably clear starting at least two to three weeks before the event. Widespread gas emission from the ground coupled with deformation was followed by an increase in seismic activity in the eight days before the eruption. Seismicity escalated both in frequency and intensity in the night before the eruption, heralding the opening of fissures on the volcanic cone. The details of phenomena occurring in the medium-term (months before the eruption) are difficult to evaluate, though it is worth noticing that no major tectonic earthquakes were felt in the area of the volcano. Civil protection preparedness plans should be organized in order to complete the evacuation of people in a time span significantly shorter than the duration of expected short-term precursors.
    Description: Published
    Description: L18317
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Vesuvius ; A. D. 1631 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Numerical simulation of pyroclastic density currents has developed significantly in recent years and is increasingly applied to volcanological research. Results from physical modeling are commonly taken into account in volcanic hazard assessment and in the definition of hazard mitigation strategies. In this work, we modeled pyroclastic density currents in the Phlegrean Fields caldera, where flows propagating along the flat ground could be confined by the old crater rims that separate downtown Naples from the caldera. The different eruptive scenarios (mass eruption rates, magma compositions, and water contents) were based on available knowledge of this volcanic system, and appropriate vent conditions were calculated for each scenario. Simulations were performed along different topographic profiles to evaluate the effects of topographic barriers on flow propagation. Simulations highlighted interesting features associated with the presence of obstacles such as the development of backflows. Complex interaction between outward moving fronts and backflows can affect flow propagation; if backflows reach the vent, they can even interfere with fountain dynamics and induce a more collapsing behavior. Results show that in the case of large events ( 108 kg/s), obstacles affect flow propagation by reducing flow velocity and hence dynamic pressure in distal regions, but they cannot stop the advancement of flows. Deadly conditions (in terms of temperature and ash concentration) characterize the entire region invaded by pyroclastic flows. In the case of small events (2.5 107 kg/s), flows are confined by distal topographic barriers which provide valuable protection to the region beyond.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q11003
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Phlegrean Fields ; multiphase flow ; pyroclastic flows ; dynamic pressure ; volcanic hazard ; caldera ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    In:  Froger, J.-L., O. Merle, and P. Briole (2001), Active spreading and regional extension at Mount Etna imaged by SAR interferometry, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 187, 245–258. Gvirtzman, Z., and A. Nur (1999), The formation of Mount Etna as the consequence of slab rollback, Nature, 401, 782–785. Leslie, S. C., G. F. Moore, J. K. Morgan, and D. J. Hills (2002), Seismic stratigraphy of the frontal Hawaiian moat: Implications for sedimentary processes at the leading edge of an oceanic hotspot trace, Mar. Geol., 184, 143–162. Lundgren, P., F. Casu, M. Manzo, A. Pepe, P. Berardino, E. Sansosti, and R. Lanari (2004), Gravity and magma induced spreading of Mount Etna volcano revealed by satellite radar interferometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L04602, doi:10.1029/2003GL018736. Maramai, A., L. Graziani, G. Alessio, P. Burrato, L. Colini, L. Cucci, R. Nappi, A. Nardi, and G.Vilardo (2005), Near- and far-field survey report of the 30 December 2002 Stromboli (Southern Italy) tsunami, Mar. Geol., 215, 93– 106. Moore, J. G., D. A. Clague, R. T. Holcomb, P. W. Lipman, W. R. Normak, and M. E. Torresan (1989), Prodigious submarine landslides on the Hawaiian ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 17,465–17,484. Morgan, J. K., F. M. Moore, J. Hills, and S. Leslie (2000), Overthrusting and sediment accretion along Kilauea’s mobile south flank, Hawaii: Evidence for volcanic spreading from marine seismic reflection data, Geology, 28, 667–670. Monaco, C., P. Tapponier, L. Tortorici, and P. Y. Gillot (1997), Late quaternary slip-rates on the Acireale-Piedimonte normal fault and tectonic origin of Mt. Etna (Sicily), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 147, 125– 139. Nicolich, R., M. Laigle, A. Hirn, L. Cernobori, and J. Gallart (2000), Crustal structure of the Ionian margin of Sicily: Etna volcano in the frame of regional evolution, Tectonophysics, 329, 121– 139. Romano, R., and C. Sturiale (1982), The historical eruptions of Mt. Etna (volcanological data), in Mt. Etna Volcano, edited by R. Romano, Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 23, 75–97. von Huene, R., C. R. Ranero, and P. Watts (2004), Tsunamigenic slope failure along Middle America Trench in two tectonic settings, Mar. Geol., 203, 303– 317. Yilmaz, O. (1987), Seismic data processing, Invest. Geophys., vol. 2, Soc. of Explor. Geophys., 562 pp., Tulsa, Okla.
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: High resolution seismic data, we collected in the Ionian sea, reveal large submarine landslide deposits offshore from Mt. Etna (Italy), spatially consistent with the eastern flank collapse of this volcano. A large debris-avalanche deposit, we relate to the Valle del Bove scar, displays long offshore run-outs (till 20 km) and a volume of a few tens of cubic kilometres (16–21 km3). Other landslide deposits are also imaged, in particular a striking unique record of the relative timing of multiple submarine large slump events.
    Description: Published
    Description: L13302
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: submarine landslides ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Italy has a strong geothermal potential for power generation, although, at present, the only two geothermal fields being exploited are Larderello-Travale/Radicondoli and Mt. Amiata in the Tyrrhenian pre-Apennine volcanic district of Southern Tuscany. A new target for geothermal exploration and exploitation in Italy is represented by the Southern Tyrrhenian submarine volcanic district, a geologically young basin (Upper Pliocene-Pleistocene) characterised by tectonic extension where many seamounts have developed. Heat-flow data from that area show significant anomalies comparable to those of onshore geothermal fields. Fractured basaltic rocks facilitate seawater infiltration and circulation of hot water chemically altered by rock/water interactions, as shown by the widespread presence of hydrothermal deposits. The persistence of active hydrothermal activity is consistently shown by many different sources of evidence, including: heat-flow data, gravity and magnetic anomalies, widespread presence of hydrothermal-derived gases (CO2, CO, CH4), 3He/4He isotopic ratios, as well as broadband OBS/H seismological information, which demonstrates persistence of volcano-tectonic events and High Frequency Tremor (HFT). The Marsili and Tyrrhenian seamounts are thus an important—and likely long-lasting-renewable energy resource. This raises the possibility of future development of the world’s first offshore geothermal power plant.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4068-4086
    Description: 3A. Ambiente Marino
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Marsili seamount ; hydrothermal circulation ; geothermal resource ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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