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  • 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous  (6)
  • 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous  (6)
  • 04.06. Seismology  (4)
  • Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  (13)
  • AIQUA - Italian Association for Quaternary ..
  • American Chemical Society
  • Freie Universität Berlin
Collection
Publisher
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Il progetto di ASL “Studiare i terremoti con un sismografo didattico” ha come obiettivo la sensibilizzazione degli studenti sui temi della pericolosità e del rischio sismico tramite un coinvolgimento attivo nello studio dei terremoti. I temi che riguardano la prevenzione del rischio sismico sono infatti solitamente trattati nelle scuole attraverso i canali tradizionali della divulgazione scientifica, ovvero tramite seminari e conferenze in cui gli studenti svolgono esclusivamente un ruolo passivo. Tuttavia numerosi studi sulla didattica delle materie scientifiche [Struyf et al., 2019; Anderson, 2007; Brush & Sye, 2000] evidenziano il contributo positivo delle attività pratiche nell’apprendimento delle 74 discipline STEM (Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics). Lo scopo principale di questo progetto è rendere gli studenti protagonisti di un processo cognitivo caratterizzato dall’esperienza diretta che rappresenta un modo efficace per consolidare l’apprendimento nel medio e lungo termine [Liu et al., 2011]. Il progetto si divide in due task principali: la costruzione di un sismometro orizzontale (garden gate) e la formazione di competenze informatiche e sismologiche per acquisire ed elaborare i segnali sismici. È stato concepito come progetto pilota di uno piú ampio e ambizioso per realizzare una rete sismometrica scolastica. Il progetto del sismometro, basato sull’utilizzo di piattaforme hardware e software open source, potrebbe infatti essere replicato con costi contenuti e installato in altre scuole del territorio regionale o nazionale. Il successo della sismologia in ambito scolastico è testimoniata dal diffondersi di esperienze analoghe che, negli ultimi anni, sono state condotte principalmente all’estero: ad esempio i progetti PEPP ­ Princeton Earth Physics Project (USA) [Steinberg and Phinney, 2000], EduSeis ­ The Educational Seismograph Project (Francia, Italia) [Cantore et al., 2005], O3E ­ Observation de l’Environnement à but Éducatif pour l’École (Francia) [Aufeuvre et al., 2009], SAE ­ Sismos à l’Ecole (Francia) [Courboulex et al., 2012], Seismology at School (Regno Unito) [Denton, 2008] e più recentemente AuSIS ­ The Australian Seismometers in Schools (Australia) [Balfour et al., 2014]. Queste iniziative hanno evidenziato estremo entusiasmo da parte di docenti e studenti verso il monitoraggio sismico a carattere didattico anche in territori in cui l’attività sismica è molto sporadica. La scuola che ha aderito alla proposta è il Polo Scientifico Tecnico Professionale E. Fermi – G. Giorgi di Lucca che comprende sia Liceo Scientifico che Istituti Tecnici con indirizzi di meccanica, elettronica e informatica. Questa pluralità di indirizzi ha consentito di individuare studenti con le competenze necessarie alla realizzazione del progetto. Un gruppo ristretto di alunni selezionati tra le classi V degli Istituti tecnici ha curato la messa in opera del sismometro mentre gli studenti di una intera classe IV del Liceo scientifico hanno seguito lezioni per acquisire competenze sull’analisi del segnale sismico. Il progetto ha avuto un successo parziale. Il sismometro è stato progettato e realizzato in tutte le sue componenti e la scuola ha finanziato la costruzione di due copie del prototipo. Gli strumenti sono stati presentati in occasione della Notte Europea dei Ricercatori a Lucca nel Settembre 2019. Tuttavia l’installazione dei sismometri all’interno del plesso scolastico non è stata ancora completata. Il lavoro svolto con la classe del Liceo Scientifico è stato meno produttivo. Le principali motivazioni che hanno impedito di conseguire i risultati attesi sono: la scarsa motivazione degli studenti, le difficoltà tecniche incontrate per effettuare le lezioni di informatica per l’analisi dei segnali sismici, un numero insufficiente di ore per acquisire le competenze base di programmazione. Teniamo a precisare inoltre che, nel pieno dello spirito dei progetti “Alternanza Scuola Lavoro” e come coronamento del progetto, uno degli studenti che hanno preso parte alla progettazione del sismometro è risultato vincitore di un bando di selezione e quindi assunto come collaboratore tecnico a tempo determinato presso la Sezione di Pisa dell’INGV.
    Description: Published
    Description: 73-97
    Description: OS: Terza missione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Percorsi formativi ; Analisi sismogrammi ; Sismologia sperimentale ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Novel measurement technologies, additional sensors and increasing data processing capacities offer new opportunities to answer some of the currently most pressing societal and environmental questions. They also contribute to the fact that the available data volume will continue to increase. At the same time, the requirements for those providing such data rise and the needs of users to access it. The EPOS Delivery Framework aims to support this endeavour in the solid Earth domain by providing access to data, products, and services supporting multidisciplinary analyses for a wide range of users. Based on this example, we look at the most pressing issues from when data, products, and services are made accessible, to access principles, ethical issues related to its collection and use as well as with respect to their promotion. Among many peculiarities, we shed light on a common component that affects all fields equally: change. Not only will the amount and type of data, products, and services change, but so will the societal expectations and providers capabilities.
    Description: Published
    Description: DM212
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: EPOS delivery framework ; access ; ethics ; communication ; user ; provider ; 05.09. Miscellaneous ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 05.02. Data dissemination
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: This research was inspired by an old stereoscopic viewer from the early 1900s, containing 42 glass slides depicting scenes from two Italian earthquakes that struck Southern Calabria and Eastern Sicily in the years 1894 and 1905, causing hundreds of deaths, but whose memory was blurred by the subsequent, great earthquake of the Messina Straits of December 28, 1908. The sequence of three-dimensional images shown by the viewer gave a deep and realistic visual impact to scenes of collapses, debris, and victims, arousing feelings of dismay. In this work, we describe the viewer apparatus; the places depicted in the stereoscopic plates, and the seismic phenomena that caused the disasters. But above all, we investigate the social and cultural aims that pushed to show the effects of local earthquakes through this kind of primitive multimedia mechanism. We exclude that the viewer, with its photographic equipment, was merely an instrument of entertainment. We rather assume that it carried out an educational task. The repetition of the sequence of tragic images of earthquakes through the stereoscopic viewer had the purpose of contributing to give awareness of the looming seismic risk and to accept rationally those recurring disasters.
    Description: Published
    Description: Se104
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stereoscopic Viewer ; Calabrian-Sicilian Earthquakes ; Observational Seismology ; Seismic-Risk ; Geo-Education ; Geoethics ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-05-22
    Description: We discuss two competing models for explaining the ground deformation associated with normal faulting earthquake in the brittle elastic upper crust. The classic elastic rebound theory is usually applied for all tectonic settings. In normal fault earthquakes, this model would predict a horizontal stretching eventually responsible for the elastic rebound at the earthquake. However, volumes mostly subside vertically during an extensional earthquake and the collapsed ground in the hanging wall is about one order of magnitude larger than the uplifted volumes of the surrounding hanging wall and footwall. The elastic rebound model would explain this asymmetry with a high horizontal elastic compressibility of the hanging wall and footwall absorbing the coseismic push. We rather suggest that the force activating normal fault earthquakes is mostly dictated by the sliding of the hanging wall, owing gravitational potential. The much larger coseismic subsidence with respect to the uplift can be explained by the closure at depth of a diffuse network of microfractures developed during the interseismic period. Since the horizontal stretching does not exist below ~1 km of depth, with the minimum horizontal stress tensor becoming positive below that depth, the development of a normal fault can be activated only by the vertical maximum stress tensor, i.e., the lithostatic load. The common fluids expulsion at the coseismic stage requires diffuse secondary permeability in the upper crust, in agreement with the presence of a diffuse network of microfractures.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE213
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Normal fault earthquakes; Graviquakes; Lithostatic load; Coseismic deformation; Fluid expulsion ; 04.07. Tectonophysics; ; 04.06. Seismology ; Tectonics ; Structural geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: brief summary of the activities carried out during the AIQUA 2013 Summer School held from the 27th to 31st May 2013 at the Vesuvius Observatory. The course provided an opportunity for students and researchers from different academic backgrounds to present and discuss topics of great scientific and human interest concerning the impact of volcanic eruptions on people and the landscape, starting from actual examples in the vicinity of Naples.
    Description: Published
    Description: vii - ix
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Archaeology ; Climate ; Palaeontology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A brief summary of the activities carried out on 20th October 2012 at the Vesuvius Observatory Museum for the Geoevent of Planet Earth Week, “Discovering Volcanoes”, sponsored by AIQUA.
    Description: Published
    Description: iii - v
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Osservatorio Vesuviano ; communication ; Earth Sciences ; Volcanoes ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Summary of the seismic risk education activities carried out within the projects edurisk 2002 to 2011, addressed to students of vocational schools, their families and to an adult audience. The information, mostly of a technical nature, introduces concepts of vulnerability and esposition as factors on which act to reduce the level of risk
    Description: Edursik project
    Description: Published
    Description: 29-31
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: rischio ; informazione ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Summary of the seismic risk education activities carried out within the projects Edurisk from 2002 to 2011, addressed to students (of primary and secondary schools), teachers and adults. Cases of pre-event and post-events activity are illustarted
    Description: Published
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: edurisk ; risk ; educational ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
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  • 9
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This is the first volume of an international scientific journal that is dedicated to issues of geoethics and geological culture. Its goal is to inform the Italian and international scientific communities about what emerged at the GeoItalia 2011 conference, attended by not only Italian geoscientists. At this conference, the geoscientists questioned their role in society and the responsibilities that they have to assume as scholars of the planet Earth and experts of the territory. They highlighted the need for rediscovery of the cultural values of geology as a science that can contribute to the construction of correct social knowledge, and the need to be aware that geoethics cannot exist without a real awareness among geoscientists of the cultural value of the Earth sciences.
    Description: Published
    Description: 331
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Geoetica ; Geological Culture ; Earth Sciences ; Philosophy ; Education ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Prof. Giulio Giorello is amongst the most prominent philosophers of science in Italy and in the world. He is currently Professor of the Philosophy of Science at the University of Milan, Director of the Series ‘Science and Ideas’ (Raffaele Cortina Books Editor), and Literary Journalist of the cultural pages of the Corriere della Sera, one of the most important of the Italian newspapers. In this keynote presentation, in interview form, he talks about the value that the Earth sciences have had through history, framing this group of disciplines in ethical and epistemological terms, and highlighting some important elements that have to be considered in geological activities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 343-346
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Giulio Giorello ; Earth Sciences ; Interview ; Philosophy ; Epistemology ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The international debate in the field of geoethics focuses on some of the most important environmental emergencies, while highlighting the great responsibilities of geoscientists, whatever field they work in, and the important social, cultural and economic repercussions that their choices can have on society. The GeoItalia 2009 and 2011 conferences that were held in Rimini and Turin, respectively, and were organized by the Italian Federation of Earth Science, were two important moments for the promotion of geoethics in Italy. They were devoted to the highlighting of how, and with what tools and contents, can the geosciences contribute to the cultural renewal of society. They also covered the active roles of geoscientists in the dissemination of scientific information, contributing in this way to the correct construction of social knowledge. Geology is culture, and as such it can help to dispel misconceptions and cultural stereotypes that concern natural phenomena, disasters, resources, and land management. Geological culture consists of methods, goals, values, history, ways of thinking about nature, and specific sensitivity for approaching problems and their solutions. So geology has to fix referenced values, as indispensable prerequisites for geoethics. Together, geological culture and geoethics can strengthen the bond that joins people to their territory, and can help to find solutions and answers to some important challenges in the coming years regarding natural risks, resources, and climate change. Starting from these considerations, we stress the importance of establishing an ethical criterion for Earth scientists, to focus attention on the issue of the responsibility of geoscientists, and the need to more clearly define their scientific identity and the value of their specificities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 335-341
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Education ; History of science ; Public issues ; General (Philosophy of Earth sciences) ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Franco Ferrarotti, Professor emeritus at ‘La Sapienza’ University of Rome; since winning the first Chair in this discipline in Italy in 1961, he has been considered the Father of Italian Sociology. An independent Member of Italian Parliament in the third government (1958-1963), a member of the New York Academy of Sciences, and a ‘visiting Professor’ at many universities in Europe, North America, Russia, Japan and Latin America. Franco Ferrarotti has taught and still teaches in Europe and America, and he has received many awards throughout his career. In this interview, he talks about the social aspects and consequences of Earth sciences studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 347-348
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Social aspects ; Geologists activity ; Scientific information ; Society ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We argue here that the introduction of an ethical code of conduct that follows the example of the Hippocratic Oath of physicians will help geologists to acquire binding awareness of their professional and social responsibilities. The ethical behavior and obligations of modern geologists involve, but are not limited to, the following issues: correct land/ environment use and management; respect of truth and science; and protection of the Earth systems, on both the local and global scales, and therefore, of our well-being. We believe that for geoligists, the explicit acceptance of an ethical code will help to promote: (i) an awareness of their social role, expertise and sense of belonging to a professional community; (ii) an understanding of the expectations of citizens and society; and (iii) cultural growth, with better use of research and implementation of scientific and professional skills. All this should enhance the public recognition of the social mission of geologists, which is essential for the well-being of society. Therefore, we suggest that like in the majority of medical schools, ethical training should be a part of the university curriculum for students in geology.
    Description: Published
    Description: 365-369
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Hippocratic Oath ; Geologists ; Social responsibility ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Experience using ESRI Geodatabase allowed to centralize in one place the many spatial, geological and seismological data contained in the databases produced in recent years by INGV and other institutions. Inspired by the USGS reports made to characterize the most important earthquakes, it was thought to create synthesis and quick reference tools of this information in relation to a seismic event that occurred on Italian territory. The result is the idea of "framing" the location of an earthquake not only in its territorial context, but extending it to other useful information derived from INGV databases and studies. The aim of GEOSIS Earthquake Report is precisely to frame a seismic event in 5 topics into a A3 cartography report: territorial framework, seismic classification, seismic hazards, historical seismicity, recent seismic activity. The utility of Earthquake Report has been highlighted especially during a seismic emergency as a tool for quick summary and easy to read of the different seismological and seismotectonic characteristics of the area affected by the earthquake. Just at those situations, however, has been pointed out the weak point of this report: their static nature. In fact it is coming out of the need to have an application that could dynamically be updated during a seismic sequence and which provides the user the ability to create custom scenarios. It was then developed GEOSIS web, the evolution of GEOSIS Earthquake Reports on the Web. GEOSIS web turns the cartography report into a webGIS application that allows users to create the 5 default views, or create different scenarios with the layers of geographic database. In addition GEOSIS web is not centered on a single seismic event but it has the opportunity to manage the last 20 events recorded by the National Seismic Network with magnitude (ML) greater than or equal to 2.0, updated in near real time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-45
    Description: 5.5. TTC - Sistema Informativo Territoriale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: GIS ; ARCGIS SERVER ; WEBGIS seismicity ; Earthquake Report ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The individuation of areas that are more likely to be affected by new events in volcanic regions is of fundamental relevance for the mitigation of the possible consequences, both in terms of loss of human life and material properties. Here, we describe a methodology for defining flexible high-detail lava-hazard maps and a technique for the validation of the results obtained. The methodology relies on: (i) an accurate analysis of the past behavior of the volcano; (ii) a new version of the SCIARA model for lava-flow simulation (based on the macroscopic cellular automata paradigm); and (iii) high-performance parallel computing for increasing computational efficiency. The new release of the SCIARA model introduces a Bingham-like rheology as part of the minimization algorithm of the differences for the determination of outflows from a generic cell, and an improved approach to lava cooling. The method is here applied to Mount Etna, the most active volcano in Europe, and applications to landuse planning and hazard mitigation are presented.
    Description: This study was sponsored by the Italian National Civil Defence Department and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), project V3_6/09 "V3_6 – Etna".
    Description: Published
    Description: 568-578
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: volcanic risk ; cellular automata ; Algorithms and implementation ; Statistical analysis ; Data processing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.02. Cellular automata, fuzzy logic, genetic alghoritms, neural networks ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Red Pompeian paintings, very famous for their deep intensity, are currently suffering from darkening. The origins of this darkening degradation are not clearly identified yet and remain a major issue for curators. In the specific case of cinnabar (HgS)-based red pigment, a photoinduced conversion into black metacinnabar is usually suspected. This work is focused on the blackening of red cinnabar paintings coated on a sparry calcite mortar. Different samples exhibiting different levels of degradation were selected upon visual observations and analyzed by synchrotron-based microanalytical techniques. Atomic and molecular compositions of the different debased regions revealed two possible degradation mechanisms. On one hand, micro X-ray fluorescence elemental maps show peculiar distributions of chlorine and sulfur. On the other hand, X-ray absorption spectroscopy performed at both Cl and S K-edges confirms the presence of characteristic degradation products: (i) Hg- Cl compounds (e.g., corderoite, calomel, and terlinguaite), which may result from the reaction with exogenous NaCl, in gray areas; (ii) gypsum, produced by the calcite sulfation, in black coatings. Metacinnabar is never detected. Finally, a cross section was analyzed to map the in-depth alteration gradient. Reduced and oxidized sulfur distributions reveal that the sulfated black coating consists of a 5-ím-thick layer covering intact cinnabar.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7484-7492
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Microspectroscopy Analysis ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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