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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry  (11)
  • Mt. Etna  (11)
  • AGU  (18)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (4)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
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Years
  • 1
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    Soil CO2 emissions at Furnas volcano (São Miguel Island, Azores archipelago) - volcano monitoring perspectives, geomorphologic studies and land-use planning application (2011)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-12
    Description: Accepted for publication in Journal of Geophysical Research. Copyright (2010) American Geophysical Union.
    Description: Carbon dioxide (CO2) diffuse degassing structures (DDS) at Furnas Volcano (São Miguel Island, Azores) are mostly associated with the main fumarolic fields, evidence that CO2 soil degassing is the surface expression of rising steam from the hydrothermal system. Locations with anomalous CO2 flux are mainly controlled by tectonic structures oriented WNW-ESE and NW-SE and by the geomorphology of the volcano, as evidenced by several DDS located in depressed areas associated with crater margins. Hydrothermal soil CO2 emissions in Furnas volcano are estimated to be ~ 968 t d-1. Discrimination between biogenic and hydrothermal CO2 was determined using a 1 statistical approach and the carbon isotope composition of the CO2 efflux. Different sampling densities were used to evaluate uncertainty in the estimation of the total CO2 flux, and showed that a low density of points may not be adequate to quantify soil emanations from a relatively small DDS. Thermal energy release associated to diffuse degassing at Furnas caldera is about 118 MW (from an area of ~ 4.8 km2) based on the H2O/CO2 ratio in fumarolic gas. The DDS affect also Furnas and Ribeira Quente villages, which are located inside the caldera and in the south flank of the volcano, respectively. At these sites, 58% and 98% of the houses are built over hydrothermal CO2 emanations, and the populations are at risk due to potential high concentrations of CO2 accumulating inside the dwellings. Keywords: Soil diffuse degassing; soil CO2 flux; emission rates; Azores archipelago 2
    Description: Published
    Description: B12208
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Soil CO2 emissions ; Furnas volcano ; volcano monitoring. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    The 1974 flank eruption of Mount Etna: An archetype for deep dike-fed eruptions at basaltic volcanoes and a milestone in Etna's recent history (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-25
    Description: The 1974 western flank eruption of Mount Etna produced a rare, nearly aphyric and plagioclase-free trachybasalt that could not be derived from the central volcano conduits and was more alkaline and more radiogenic than all previous historical lavas. New results for the petrochemistry and volatile content of its products, combined with contemporaneous seismic and volcanological observations, allow us to reinterpret the origin and significance of this event. We show that the eruption was most likely triggered by deep tectonic fracturing that allowed a dike-like intrusion to propagate in 9 days from 11 km depth up to the surface, bypassing the central conduits. Relatively fast, closed system decompression of the volatile-rich magma initially led to lava fountaining and the rapid growth of two pyroclastic cones (Mounts De Fiore), followed by Strombolian activity and the extrusion of viscous lava flows when gas-melt separation developed in the upper portion of the feeding fracture. The 1974 trachybasalt geochemistry indicates its derivation by mixing 25% of preexisting K-poor magma (best represented by 1763 La Montagnola eruption’s products) and 75% of a new K-rich feeding magma that was gradually invading Mount Etna’s plumbing system and became directly extruded during two violent flank eruptions in 2001–2003. We propose to classify 1974-type so-called ‘‘eccentric’’ eruptions on Etna as deep dike-fed (DDF) eruptions, as opposed to more common central conduit-fed flank eruptions, in order to highlight their actual origin rather than their topographic location. We ultimately discuss the possible precursors of such DDF eruptions.
    Description: Published
    Description: B07204
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: 1974 deep dike-fed eruption ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Dynamics of Mt. Etna before, during and after the July - August 2001 eruption inferred from GPS and DInSAR data (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ground deformation data from GPS and differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) techniques are analyzed to study the July–August 2001 Mount Etna eruption as well as the dynamics preceding and following this event. Five GPS surveys were carried out on the entire Mount Etna network or on its southeastern part, from July 2000 to October 2001. Five ERS-2 ascending passes and three descending ones are used to form five interferograms spanning periods from a month to 1 year, before and encompassing the eruption. Numerical and analytical inversions of the GPS and DInSAR data were performed to obtain analytical models for preeruptive, syneruptive and posteruptive periods. The deformation sources obtained were from the Mogi model: (1) pressure sources located beneath the upper western flank of the volcano, inflating before the eruption onset and deflating afterward; (2) tensile dislocations to model the intrusion of a N-S dike in the central part of the volcano; and (3) two sliding and two normal dislocations to model the eastern and southern flank dynamics. This study confirms that the lower vents of the eruption were fed by a magma stored at depth ranging from 9 to 4 km below sea level, as proposed from petrochemical and geophysical researches. The rising of the magma through the shallow crust started months before the eruption onset but accelerated on the last day; this study suggests that in the volcanic pile the path of the rising magma was driven by the volcano topography. The eastern sliding plane and the interaction between dike intrusion and flank instability have been better defined with respect to previous studies. The sliding motion abruptly accelerated with the dike intrusion, and this continued after the end of the eruption. The acceleration was accompanied by the propagation of the strain field toward the eastern periphery of the volcano.
    Description: We acknowledge the ‘‘Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia’’, the Italian ‘‘Dipartimento per la Protezione Civile’’ and the European Community (contract INGV-DPC UR V3_6/36 and VOLUME Project) for their economic contribution to this research. The SAR data are provided by ESA-ESRIN.
    Description: Published
    Description: B06405
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ground deformation ; GPS ; InSAR ; Mt. Etna ; Modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Reply to comments by E.Galili et al. on “Holocene Tsunami's from Mount Etna and the fate of Israeli Neolithic Communities” (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: No abstract
    Description: Published
    Description: L08312
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: landslide tsunami ; Mt. Etna ; paleo-tsunami deposits ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Anomalies of mantle-derived helium during the 1997-1998 seismic swarm of Umbria-Marche, Italy (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: More than 100 3 ~ e / 4i~soeto pe ratios were measured in CO,-dominated gas samples collected during the 1997-1 998 seismic crisis that shook the Umbria-Marche, Central Apennines, Italy. Although the gas emissions were located in a typical "crustal" environment the measured values delineate variable mixing proportions between mantle-derived and crustal helium. During the monitoring period anomalous 3 ~ e P r~atieos were observed, together with a significant increase of fluid outflows. The observed 3 ~ e Pa~noema lies appear to be driven by stress-induced crustal deformations affecting micro-fracturing and bulk permeability and, in turn, by a seismogenic-induced modification of the crustal permeability of rocks. Since crustal deformations can also occur aseismically, the geochemical anomalies must be considered indicators of processes occurring below the surface, which could eventually help to estimate the probability increase of an impending earthquake, instead of pure empirical precursors.
    Description: Published
    Description: 839-842
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: helium ; earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Infrasonic evidences for branched conduit dynamics at Mt. Etna volcano, Italy (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright (2009) American Geophysical Union.
    Description: On multi-vents volcanoes changes in activity between different vents reflect a complex fluid-dynamics of the shallow feeding systems and are often explained numerically and experimentally in terms of conduit branches and bifurcations. We present new geophysical constraints on the shallow feeding system of Etna volcano derived from array analysis of infrasound radiated from two distinct sources, one located in the SE crater and one in the Voragine or NE crater (VNE). These two sources alternated in their behavior, with the VNE crater system radiating low amplitude background infrasound interrupted by episodes of increased infrasound radiation from the SE crater. This switching behavior suggested a branched shallow feeding system strongly controlled by the gas/magma-flux. Here, the VNE craters represented the preferential and most stable branch of degassing during stationary flux regime, while the SE crater branch activated in response to an increase in the magma/gas supply rate.
    Description: INGV-DPC V3 for the years 2005– 2007
    Description: Published
    Description: L19308
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Infrasound ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Topographic control on lava flow paths at Mt. Etna (Italy): implications for hazard assesment (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Assessment of the hazard from lava flow inundation at the active volcano of Mt. Etna (Italy) was performed by calculating the probability of lava flow inundation at each position on the volcano. A probability distribution for the formation of new vents was calculated using geological and volcanological data from past eruptions. The simulated lava flows from these vents were emplaced using a maximum expected flow length derived from geological data on previous lava flows. Simulations were run using DOWNFLOW, a DEM-based model designed to predict lava flow paths. Different eruptive scenarios were simulated by varying the elevation and probability distribution of eruptive points. Inundation maps show that the city of Catania and the coastal zone may only be impacted by flows erupted from low-altitude vents (〈 1500 m elevation), and that flank eruptions at elevations 〉 2000 m preferentially inundate the northeast and southern sectors of the volcano as well as the Valle del Bove. Eruptions occurring in the summit area (〉 3000 m elevation) pose no threat to the local population. Discrepancies between the results of simple, hydrological models and those of the DOWNFLOW model show that hydrological approaches are inappropriate when dealing with Etnean lava flows. Because hydrological approaches are not designed to reproduce the full complexity of lava flow spreading, they underestimate the catchment basins when the fluid has a complex rheology.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: lava flows ; DOWNFLOW ; hazard ; Mt. Etna ; Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    The shallow magma pathway geometry at Mt. Etna volcano (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A fundamental goal of volcano seismology is to understand the dynamics of active magmatic systems in order to assess eruptive behavior and the associated hazard. Imaging of magma conduits, quantification of magma transport and investigation of long-period seismic sources, together with their temporal variations, are crucial for the comprehension of eruption-triggering mechanisms. At Mt. Etna volcano, several intense episodes of tremor activity were recorded during 2007, in association with strombolian activity and/or intense fire fountaining episodes occurring from the South East Crater (SEC). The locations of the tremor sources and of the long-period seismic events are used here to constrain both the area and the depth range of magma degassing, highlighting the geometry of the shallow conduits feeding SEC. The imaged conduits consist of two connected resonating dike-like bodies, NNW-SSE and NW-SE oriented, extending from sea level to the surface. In addition, we show how tremor, long-period (LP) and very-long-period (VLP) event locations and signatures reflect pressure fluctuations in the plumbing system associated with the ascent/discharge of gas-rich magma linked to the lava fountains. The evidence here reported, also corroborated by ground deformation variations, can help develop a better prediction and early-warning system for those eruptions (effusive or explosive) that apparently manifest no clear precursors.
    Description: Supported by grants from the European Union VOLUME FP6-2004-Global-3
    Description: Published
    Description: Q12021
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: volcano plumbing system ; volcanic tremor ; LP and VLP events ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    HELIUM ISOTOPES AND TECTONICS IN SOUTHERN ITALY (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Geodynamic evolution of southern Italy can be understood within the framework of the Mediterranean- Alpine System. Subduction of a plate along the Sicily- Calabrian forearc under the Tyrrhenian Sea has been suggested by many geophysicists, although it is not yet confirmed and remains somewhat controversial. Helium isotope ratios provide useful information on the geotectonic structure of the region. We report here the 3He/4He ratios of terrestrial gas samples from southern Italy. The observed 3He/4He ratios are relatively high in the Eolian volcanic arc region and low in the other areas. Dichotomous explanations are presented. Firstly volcanic arc-forearc hypothesis suggests the subduction along the Sicily-Calabrian forearc. Secondly horizontal transport hypothesis is described based on the relationship between the ratios and radial distance from the recent spreading basin in Southern Tyrrhenian Sea.
    Description: Published
    Description: 511-514
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: helium isotopes ; tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Crustal dynamics of Mount Vesuvius from 1998 to 2005: Effects on seismicity and fluid circulation (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper presents the results of hydrogeochemical and seismological studies carried out at Mt. Vesuvius during the period June 1998 – December 2005. Hydrogeochemical data show the occurrence of slowly varying long-term variations in the total dissolved salts and bicarbonate contents of the groundwaters, accompanied by a general decline in water temperatures. The temporal distributions of air temperature and rainfall in the Vesuvius area suggest that these variations do not depend on changes in the hydrological regime. The changes in the geochemical parameters are accompanied by slight variations in both the seismicity rate and energy release. A further relationship between seismic activity and fluid discharge rate is highlighted by a particular episode that occurred in August 2005, when a soil thermal anomaly was observed a few weeks before the occurrence of a very shallow earthquake. Moment-tensor analysis of this earthquake suggests that the most plausible source mechanism is a shear faulting combined with the opening of tensile crack. This feature is often observed in volcanic areas and it is usually related to fluid-/gas-driven rock fracturing. The observed seismological, hydrological, and geochemical temporal changes are interpreted not as changes of the volcanic system, but in terms of an external forcing as identified in the variation of the regional and local stress field acting on the volcano. This study has inferences onto the evaluation of the state of activity of volcanic systems and the eventual detection of unrest phenomena.
    Description: Published
    Description: B05206
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Vesuvius ; seismicity ; fluid circulation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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