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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring  (19)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
  • INGV  (20)
  • Copernicus Publications  (6)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
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  • 1
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    The November 2002 degassing event at Panarea Island (Italy): five months of geochemical monitoring (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: On 3rd November 2002, at about 3 km off-shore of Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy), a series of gas vents suddenly and violently opened from the seafloor at the depth of 10-15 m, with an unusually high gas flux and superimposing on the already existing submarine fumarolic field. Starting from the 12th November 2002 a discontinuous geochemical monitoring program was carried out. The emissions consisted in an emulsion whose liquid phase derived from condensation of an uprising vapor phase occurring close to the fluid outlets without significant contamination by seawater. The whole composition of the fluids was basically H2O- and CO2-dominated, with minor amounts of typical «hydrothermal» components (such as H2S, H2, CO and light hydrocarbons), atmospheric-related compounds, and characterized by the occurrence of a significant magmatic gas fraction (mostly represented by SO2, HCl and HF). According to the observed temporal variability of the fluid compositions, between November and December 2002 the hydrothermal feeding system was controlled by oxidizing conditions due to the input of magmatic gases. The magmatic degassing phenomena showed a transient nature, as testified by the almost complete disappearance of the magmatic markers in a couple of months and by the restoration, since January 2003, of the chemical features of the existing hydrothermal system. The most striking feature of the evolution of the «Panarea degassing event» was the relatively rapid restoration of the typical reducing conditions of a stationary hydrothermal system, in which the FeO/Fe1.5O redox pair of the rock mineral phases has turned to be the dominating redox controlling system.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Aeolian Islands ; Panarea ; submarine fumaroles ; gas chemistry ; geochemical monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Robust satellite techniques for volcanicand seismic hazards monitoring (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-17
    Description: Several satellite techniques have been proposed to monitor events related to seismic and volcanic activity. A selfadaptive approach (RAT, Robust AVHRR Techniques) has recently been proposed which seems able to recognise space-time anomalies, differently related to such events, also in the presence of highly variable contributions from atmospheric (transmittance), surface (emissivity and morphology) and observational (time/season, but also solar and satellite zenithal angles) conditions. On the basis of NOAA-AVHRR data, the RAT aprroach has already been applied to Mount Etna volcanic ash cloud monitoring in daytime, and to seismic area monitoring in Southern Italy. This paper presents the theoretical basis for the extension of RAT approach also to nighttime volcanic ash cloud detection, together with its possible implementation to lava flow monitoring. One example of successful forecasting (few days before) of a new lava vent opening during the Mount Etna eruption of July 2001 will be discussed in some detail. Progress on the use of the same approach on seismically active area monitoring will be discussed by comparison with previous results achieved on the Irpinia-Basilicata earthquake (MS = 6.9), which occurred on November 23rd 1980 in Southern Italy.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: lava flows ; volcanic ash clouds ; Irpinia-Basilicata earthquake ; Robust AVHRR Techniques ; TIR anomaly ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 3391955 bytes
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  • 3
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    Tunable diode laser measurements of hydrothermal/volcanic CO2 and implications for the global CO2 budget (2015)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: Quantifying the CO2 flux sustained by lowtemperature fumarolic fields in hydrothermal/volcanic environments has remained a challenge, to date. Here, we explored the potential of a commercial infrared tunable laser unit for quantifying such fumarolic volcanic/hydrothermal CO2 fluxes. Our field tests were conducted between April 2013 and March 2014 at Nea Kameni (Santorini, Greece), Hekla and Krýsuvík (Iceland) and Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). At these sites, the tunable laser was used to measure the path-integrated CO2 mixing ratios along cross sections of the fumaroles’ atmospheric plumes. By using a tomographic post-processing routine, we then obtained, for each manifestation, the contour maps of CO2 mixing ratios in the plumes and, from their integration, the CO2 fluxes. The calculated CO2 fluxes range from low (5.7 +/- 0.9 t d-1; Krýsuvík) to moderate (524 +/-108 t d-1; La Fossa crater, Vulcano). Overall, we suggest that the cumulative CO2 contribution from weakly degassing volcanoes in the hydrothermal stage of activity may be significant at the global scale.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1209–1221
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: volcanic CO2 fluxes ; Hekla volcano ; Krýsuvík hydrothermal area ; Nea Kameni ; Vulcano island ; tunable diode lasers ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    PLINIO: an interactive web interface for seismic monitoring of Neapolitan volcanoes (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-30
    Description: Seismic monitoring of active volcanoes has different and sometimes contrasting requirements. The peculiar features of volcanic seismicity makes an interactive system more complex than required for typical seismic monitoring. Intense seismic swarms of small magnitude earthquakes need a rapid but consistent processing for tracking in real time the evolution of an ongoing volcanic unrest. At the same time a comparison with the past record for detecting patterns still observed or anomalous behaviours is needed. Furthermore a correlation between different parameters as event magnitude and depth, event occurrence rate and volcanic tremor amplitude may be required. Finally, a rapid exchange of information among scientists located worldwide can be important for drawing conclusions about the evolution of a crisis. The first task can be fullfilled by an automatic seismic processing system, followed by a manual revision from expert seismologists. The second and the third can be simply accomplished storing the results of the processing in relational databases, that very well suited for such applications. The last task can be simply achieved by making the dataset accessible on-line thour a web server, in a friendly and interactive way. On the basis of the experience matured on the automatic seismic monitoring system of Stromboli ([2]) the research team of Monitoring Centre of I.N.G.V. “Osservatorio Vesuviano” started developing a similar software infrastructure for the monitoring of Neapolitan volcanoes. The existing databases: GeoVes, with supervised analysis, and Web Based Seismological Monitoring (WBSM) system, with automatic location, have been joined into a single friendly graphical interface aimed at improving the data accesibility and efficiency of the monitoring system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 363-374
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 5.9. TTC - Sistema web
    Description: open
    Keywords: plinio ; Neapolitan volcanoes ; web interface ; seismic monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 5
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    Monitoring of fumarole discharge and CO2 soil degassing in the Azores: contribution to volcanic surveillance and public health risk assessment (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-12
    Description: Fluid geochemistry monitoring in the Azores involves the regular sampling and analysis of gas discharges from fumaroles and measurements of CO2 diffuse soil gas emissions. Main degassing areas under monitoring are associated with hydrothermal systems of active central volcanoes in S. Miguel, Terceira and Graciosa islands. Fumarole discharge analysis since 1991 show that apart from steam these gas emissions are CO2 dominated with H2S, H2, CH4 and N2 in minor amounts. Mapping of CO2 diffuse soil emissions in S. Miguel Island lead to the conclusion that some inhabited areas are located within hazard-zones. At Furnas village, inside Furnas volcano caldera, about 62% of the 896 houses are within the CO2 anomaly, 5% being in areas of moderate to high risk. At Ribeira Seca, on the north flank of Fogo volcano, few family houses were evacuated when CO2 concentrations in the air reached 8 mol%. To assess and analyse the CO2 soil flux emissions, continuous monitoring stations were installed in S. Miguel (2), Terceira and Graciosa islands. The statistical analysis of the data showed that some meteorological parameters influence the CO2 flux. The average of CO2 flux in S. Miguel stations ranges from 250 g/m2/d at Furnas volcano to 530 g/m2/d at Fogo volcano. At Terceira Island it is about 330 g/m2/d and at Graciosa 4400 g/m2/d.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: volcanology ; geochemistry ; soil degassing ; monitoring ; risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    2001 Bhuj-Kachchh earthquake: surface faulting and its relation with neotectonics and regional structures, Gujarat, Western India (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-27
    Description: Primary and secondary surface deformation related to the 2001 Bhuj-Kachchh earthquake suggests that thrusting movement took place along an E-W fault near the western extension of the South Wagad Fault, a synthetic fault of the Kachchh Mainland Fault (KMF). Despite early reconnaissance reports that concluded there was no primary surface faulting, we describe an 830 m long, 15-35 cm high, east-west-trending thrust fault scarp near where the seismogenic fault plane would project to the surface, near Bharodiya village (between 23°34.912'N, 70°23.942'E and 23°34.304'N, 70°24.884'E). Along most of the scarp Jurassic bedrock is thrust over Quaternary deposits, but the fault scarp also displaces Holocene alluvium and an earth dam, with dips of 13° to 36° south. Secondary co-seismic features, mainly liquefaction and lateral spreading, dominate the area south of the thrust. Transverse right-lateral movement along the «Manfara Fault» and a parallel fault near Bharodiya suggests segmentation of the E-W master faults. Primary (thrust) surface rupture had a length of 0.8 km, maximum displacement of about 35 cm, and average displacement of about 15 cm. Secondary (strike-slip) faulting was more extensive, with a total end-to-end length of 15 km, maximum displacement of 35 cm, and average displacement of about 20 cm.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: surface rupture ; Kachchh earthquake ; thrust fault ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Installazione di 5 stazioni digitali a larga-banda sull’isola di vulcano: un contributo alla conoscenza della sismicità superficiale della fossa (2009)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Earthquakes beneath Vulcano (Aeolian Island, Italy) are associated with fracturing (single events and sporadic swarms of low magnitude) or related to processes of the geothermal system (Montalto, 1994). This latter processes is responsible for most of the background activity, which is represented by weak events originating at shallow depth under the La Fossa cone (H〈1.5 Km below sea level). In order to improved the Permanent Seismic Network (PSN) run by Catania Section of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV-CT) by installing additional 5 broad-band stations surrounding the La Fossa crater, to. In particular, on November 2005 along the north rim of La Fossa cone, 3 digital stations were installed with an array configuration; thereafter, in spring 2007 another two stations were installed at the southern base of the cone. All the stations are currently in continual transmission with Lipari Observatory. We considered about 1200 micro-earthquakes recorded from January 2004 to July 2007 associated with fluid dynamics processes. Studying 1007 of these events, six classes of events have been recognized by visual inspection, spectral and cross correlation analyses. Three episodes of increasing occurrence accompanying geothermal and geochemical anomalies have been recorded during this time period. The improved seismic network allowed the location of 55 events with unprecedented resolution and to highlight a space distribution depending on the classes of events. The events are located in the central and south-oriental sector of the cone at 500-1000 meter b.s.l. depth and events of each class seem clustering in preferential sectors.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-16
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismicity ; La Fossa ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Seismic source study of the 1989, October 29, Chenoua (Algeria) earthquake from aftershocks, broad-band and strong ground motion records (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The broad-band teleseismics records of the earthquake of October 29,1989 in Algeria (MW = 6.0) allow a detailed study of the rupture process of this earthquake. The focal mechanism obtained by P and SH modeling corresponds to reverse faulting with a small amount of left-lateral movement along a fault striking 246° and dipping 56°. The rupture is found to be complex with two sub-events separated in time but occurring on the same plane. The lowfrequency records of an accelerometer located some 25 km to the west of the main shock are also better fi tted when the rupture is composed of a double pulse. In the two cases, there is strong evidence for the rupture to propagate from south-west towards north-east.The relocalisation of the main shock by using a master-event technique and the data from Italian and Spanish stations led to the same conclusions. Soon after the main event, a temporary seimic network was installed in the epicentral area. The aftershock clouds defi ne a SW-NE fault dipping to the NW compatible with the results of the modelisations of the teleseismic body-waves and the accelerogram. The focal mechanisms correspond mainly to reverse faulting. The maximum principal direction of the stress tensor obtained from the inversion is about N-S and the minimum is vertical, typical of a compressive regime. The Chenoua earthquake took place on a fault which was not recognized as active. Repeated comparable seismic events on this fault and on the fault that borders the massif to the south explain this intriguing topographic feature.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: North Africa ; seismicity ; earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Recent paleoseismic investigations in Northern and Western Thailand (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Recent paleoseismic investigations have identified a number of active faults in Northern and Western Thailand. Northern Thailand is an intraplate basin and range province, comprised of north-south-trending Cenozoic intermontane grabens and half grabens, bounded by north- to northwest-striking normal to normal-oblique faults and northeast-striking left-lateral strike-slip faults. The basin-bounding normal faults are marked by steep, linear range fronts with triangular facets and wineglass canyons and have slip rates of 0.1 to 0.8 mm/yr. Based on limited data, the average vertical displacement-per-event is about 1.0 to 1.5 m. These faults are characterized by recurrence intervals of thousands to tens of thousands of years and are capable of generating earthquakes up to moment magnitude (M) 7, and larger. The northeast-striking strike-slip faults are marked by shutter ridges, and deflected drainages. Slip rates are 3 mm/yr or less. Western Thailand is dissected by a number of northwest- and north-northwest-striking, right-lateral strike-slip faults related to the Sagaing Fault in Myanmar. Although showing much less activity than the faults in neighboring Myanmar, these faults display abundant evidence for late Quaternary movement, including shutter ridges, sag ponds, and laterally offset streams. The slip rate on these faults is estimated to be 0.5 to 2.0 mm/yr. These faults are considered capable of generating maximum earthquakes of up to M 71/2.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: paleoseismicity ; active faulting ; Thailand ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    Temperature distribution analysis of July 2001 Mt. Etna eruption observed by the airborne hyperspectral sensor MIVIS (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: On 17th and 18th July 2001, several fractures opened on Mt. Etna southern flank generating different lava flows spreading both in Valle del Bove and towards Nicolosi. On 29th July the image spectrometer MIVIS was flown over Mt. Etna to acquire high-resolution images of the eruption. The MIVIS airborne campaign was planned simultaneously with TERRA, EO-1 and Landsat 7 satellite acquisitions, in order to compare hyperspectral and multispectral data referred to active lavas. This work focuses on the thermal mapping of lava flows, taking advantage of MIVIS sensor high technical performances. The MIVIS high spatial resolution allows a detailed analysis of the lava flow topographic distribution. Its 12 bit dynamic range consents an estimate of the temperature even for the «hottest» pixels. The main target of this work is the evaluation of the energy flux by means of remote-sensing techniques. Surface temperature analysis was performed on distinct lava flows using the dualband technique. These quantities were compared with the integrated temperatures retrieved using the MIVIS thermal infrared bands. The influence of topography was also considered in the flux calculation using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Mt. Etna.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: remote-sensing ; volcano monitoring ; thermal infrared ; dual-band technique ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 4654498 bytes
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