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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring  (12)
  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.99. General or miscellaneous
  • Copernicus Publications  (7)
  • Geological Society of America  (7)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
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  • 1
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    Tunable diode laser measurements of hydrothermal/volcanic CO2 and implications for the global CO2 budget (2015)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-21
    Beschreibung: Quantifying the CO2 flux sustained by lowtemperature fumarolic fields in hydrothermal/volcanic environments has remained a challenge, to date. Here, we explored the potential of a commercial infrared tunable laser unit for quantifying such fumarolic volcanic/hydrothermal CO2 fluxes. Our field tests were conducted between April 2013 and March 2014 at Nea Kameni (Santorini, Greece), Hekla and Krýsuvík (Iceland) and Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). At these sites, the tunable laser was used to measure the path-integrated CO2 mixing ratios along cross sections of the fumaroles’ atmospheric plumes. By using a tomographic post-processing routine, we then obtained, for each manifestation, the contour maps of CO2 mixing ratios in the plumes and, from their integration, the CO2 fluxes. The calculated CO2 fluxes range from low (5.7 +/- 0.9 t d-1; Krýsuvík) to moderate (524 +/-108 t d-1; La Fossa crater, Vulcano). Overall, we suggest that the cumulative CO2 contribution from weakly degassing volcanoes in the hydrothermal stage of activity may be significant at the global scale.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1209–1221
    Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): volcanic CO2 fluxes ; Hekla volcano ; Krýsuvík hydrothermal area ; Nea Kameni ; Vulcano island ; tunable diode lasers ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    Hydrothermal fluid flow disruptions evidenced by subsurface changes in heat transfer modality: The La Fossa cone of Vulcano (Italy) case study (2016)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: Detecting volcanic unrest is of primary importance for eruption forecasting, especially on volcanoes characterized by highly dangerous, and often seemingly unpredictable, phreatic or phreatomagmatic eruptions. We present a simple and innovative analysis of shallow vertical temperature profiles to depths of 70 cm. These data were recorded at La Fossa cone of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy), during an episode of increased hydrothermal and seismic activities that occurred between September and December 2009. This work involves the use of the coefficient of determination (R-2) on vertical temperature profiles in order to identify changes in conductive versus convective heat transfer modality. The increase in convective heat transfer can be related to the disruption of the hydrothermal system due to its pressurization and/or variation of ground permeability between the hydrothermal system and the surface. While raw temperature data do not evidence any significant variation during the period investigated and the classic temperature gradient is highly influenced by seasonal variations, the fluctuation of R-2 displayed striking spikes that coincided with the seismic swarm inside the volcanic edifice. Such a low-cost device associated with easy real-time data processing could constitute a very promising, yet deceptively simple, technique to monitor hydrothermal systems, in order to assess the hazard posed by high-energy eruptions for populations living close to active volcanoes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 959-962
    Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): seismicity ; temperature ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
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    Basaltic scoria textures from a zoned conduit as precursors to violent Strombolian activity (2010)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-21
    Beschreibung: Pyroclast textures document volcanic conduit processes and may be key to hazard forecasting. Here we show that the relative abundance of mingled, variably crystallized domains in pyroclasts from scoria cone eruptions provide a record of magma ascent velocity and can be used to predict the onset of violent Strombolian activity. Scoria clasts from the Croscat Complex Scoria Cone (Spain) ubiquitously show m- to cm-sized, microlite-rich domains (MRD) intermingled with volumetrically-dominant, microlite-poor ones (MPD). Glass and bulk composition show that MRDs formed by microlite crystallization of MPDs, the former residing longer in a relatively cooler, degassed zone lining the conduit walls, the latter traveling faster in the central, hotter streamline. MPD and MRD magmas intermingled along the interface between the two velocity zones. The proportion of MPD and MRD in different tephra layers reflects the extent of the fast- and slow-flowing zones, thus reflecting the ascent velocity profile of magma during the different phases. At Croscat, the MPD/MRD volume ratio increased rapidly during the early Strombolian activity, peaked around the Strombolian to violent Strombolian shift, and then decreased smoothly irrespective of shifts in eruptive style. We suggest that magma ascent velocity escalated during the Strombolian phase due to the buoyant push of the underlying, volatile-rich magma that was about to drive the following violent Strombolian activity. Monitoring the MPD/MRD ratio of tephra during ongoing scoria cone eruptions may reveal changes in magma flow conditions and could forecast the onset of hazardous violent Strombolian activity.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 439–442
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): basaltic ; violent strombolian ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
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    The Effusive to Explosive Transition During the 2003 Eruption of Stromboli Volcano (2015)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-02-15
    Beschreibung: The persistent explosive activity of Stromboli volcano (Italy) ceased in December 2003 and correlated with the onset of a seven-month-long effusive eruption on the volcano flank from new vents that opened just below the summit craters. We intensively monitored this effusive event, collecting and interpreting, in real time, an extensive multiparametric geophysical data set. The resulting data synergy allowed detailed insights into the conduit dynamics that drove the eruption and the transition back to the typical Strombolian activity. We present a direct link between gas flux, magma volume flux, and seismicity, supporting a gas driven model whereby the balance between gas flux and gas overpressure determines whether the system will support effusive or explosive activity. This insight enabled us to monitor the migration of the magma column up the conduit and to explain the onset of explosive activity.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 273-276
    Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Stromboli, ; volcano monitoring ; multiparametric geophysical data set, ; effusive eruption, ; conduit dynamics. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
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    Time-resolved seismic tomography detects magma intrusions at Mt. Etna (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The continuous volcanic and seismic activity at Mount Etna makes this volcano an important laboratory for seismological and geophysical studies. We used repeated three-dimensional tomography to detect variations in elastic parameters during different volcanic cycles, before and during the October 2002–January 2003 flank eruption. Well-defined anomalous low P- to S-wave velocity ratio volumes were revealed. Absent during the pre-eruptive period, the anomalies trace the intrusion of volatile-rich (Q4 weight percent) basaltic magma, most of which rose up only a few months before the onset of eruption. The observed time changes of velocity anomalies suggest that four-dimensional tomography provides a basis for more efficient volcano monitoring and shortand midterm eruption forecasting of explosive activity.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 821-823
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 727523 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Heat loss measured at a lava channel and its implications for down-channel cooling and rheology (2007)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: During May 2001 we acquired 2016 thermal images over an ~8-h-long period for a section of active lava channel on Mount Etna (Italy). We used these to extract surface temperature and heat-loss profi les and thereby calculate core cooling rates. Flow surface temperatures declined from ~1070 K at the vent to ~930 K at 70 m. Heat losses were dominated by radiation (5 × 104 W m2) and convection (~104 W/m2). These compare with a heat gain from crystallization of 6 × 103 W/m2. The imbalance between sinks and sources gives core cooling (δT/δx) of ~110 K/km. However, cooling rate per unit distance also depends on fl ow conditions, where we distinguished: (1) unimpeded, high-velocity (~0.2 m/s) fl ow with low δT/δx (0.3 K/m); (2) unimpeded, low-velocity (~0.1 m/s) fl ow with higher δT/δx (0.5 K/m); (3) waning, insulated fl ow at low velocity (~0.1 m/s) with low δT/δx (0.3 K/m); and (4) impeded fl ow at low velocity (〈0.1 m/s) with higher δT/δx (0.4 K/m). Our data allow us to defi ne three thermal states of fl ow emplacement: insulated, rapid, and protected. Insulated is promoted by the formation of hanging blockages and coherent roofs. During rapid emplacement, higher velocities suppress cooling rates, and δT/δx can be tied to mean velocity (Vmean) by δT/δx = aVmean –b. In the protected case, deeper, narrow channels present a thermally effi cient channel, where δT/δx can be assessed using the ratio of channel width (w) to depth (d) in w/d = aδT/δx–b.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 125-146
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): lava channel ; Etna ; heat loss ; cooling ; viscosity ; velocity ; FLIR ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 7
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    Denoising gravity and geomagnetic signals from Etna volcano (Italy) (2008)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Multivariate methods were applied to denoise the gravity and geomagnetic signals continuously recorded by the permanent monitoring networks on the Etna volcano. Gravity and geomagnetic signals observed in volcanic areas are severely influenced by meteorological variables (i.e. pressure, temperature and humidity), whose disturbances can make the detection of volcanic source effects more difficult. For volcano monitoring it is necessary, therefore, to reduce the effects of these perturbations. To date filtering noise is a very complex problem since the spectrum of each noise component has wide intervals of superposition and, some times, traditional filtering techniques provide unsatisfactory results. We propose the application of two different approaches, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to remove noise effects from gravity and geomagnetic time series. Results suggest a good efficiency of the two proposed approaches since they are capable of finding and effectively representing the underlying factors or sources, and allow local features of the signal to be detected.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 735-749
    Beschreibung: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): gravity data ; geomagnetic data ; ANFIS ; ICA ; Etna volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 8
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    Coupled textural and compositional characterization of basaltic scoria: insights into the transition from Strombolian to fire fountain activity at Mount Etna (2007)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Strombolian and fire fountain activities represent a common expression of explosive basaltic eruptions. However, the transition between these two eruptive styles and their source mechanisms are still debated. We use textural and compositional studies to characterize pyroclastic material from both the Strombolian and Hawaiian-style fire fountain phases of the January–June 2000 Etna activity. We find that basaltic scoria presents distinctive textural and compositional features that reflect different modes of magma vesiculation and crystallization in the two eruptive regimes. Overall, magma that forms Strombolian scoria is far more crystallized, less vesicular, and more evolved, indicating strong volatile depletion and longer residence time before being erupted. Fire fountain scoria indicates a fast-rising magma with evidence of moderate syneruptive volatile exsolution. The new textural and compositional data set is integrated with previous volcanological and geophysical investigations to provide further insights into the dynamics of fire fountains, and to frame the transition from Strombolian explosions to fire fountain activity into a model that may apply to future eruptions at Mount Etna as well as other active basaltic volcanoes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 201-204
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Etna ; explosive activity ; scoria ; textures ; glass compositions ; eruption dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 358707 bytes
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  • 9
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    A new approach to risk assessment of lava flow at Mount Etna (2010)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Destruction of human property by lava flow invasion is a significant volcanic hazard at Mount Etna (Italy), where reliable risk maps are important for risk mitigation. We present new high-resolution quantitative risk maps of Mount Etna that are based on lava flow simulations starting from more than 70,000 different potential vents, a probability distribution of vent location, an empirical relationship for the maximum length of lava flows, and a database of buildings. In addition to standard risk maps, which classify areas according to the expected damage at each point, we classify each point of the volcano with respect to the damage that would occur if a vent opened at that point. The resulting maps should help local authorities in making the necessary decisions to deal with ongoing eruptions and to plan long-term land use.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1111-1114
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Lava flows ; Volcanic risk ; Mount Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 10
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    Monitoring and forecasting Etna volcanic plumes (2009)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In this paper we describe the results of a project ongoing at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). The objective is to develop and implement a system for monitoring and forecasting volcanic plumes of Etna. Monitoring is based at present by multispectral infrared measurements from the Spin Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager on board the Meteosat Second Generation geosynchronous satellite, visual and thermal cameras, and three radar disdrometers able to detect ash dispersal and fallout. Forecasting is performed by using automatic procedures for: i) downloading weather forecast data from meteorological mesoscale models; ii) running models of tephra dispersal, iii) plotting hazard maps of volcanic ash dispersal and deposition for certain scenarios and, iv) publishing the results on a web-site dedicated to the Italian Civil Protection. Simulations are based on eruptive scenarios obtained by analysing field data collected after the end of recent Etna eruptions. Forecasting is, hence, supported by plume observations carried out by the monitoring system. The system was tested on some explosive events occurred during 2006 and 2007 successfully. The potentiality use of monitoring and forecasting Etna volcanic plumes, in a way to prevent threats to aviation from volcanic ash, is finally discussed.
    Beschreibung: FIRB Italian project “Sviluppo Nuove Tecnologie per la Protezione e Difesa del Territorio dai Rischi Naturali” funded by Italian Minister of University and Research
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1573–1585
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): volcanic ash ; monitoring and forecasting ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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