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  • General Chemistry  (6,304)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (919)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (352)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (7,575)
  • 1965-1969  (7,575)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (7,575)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of high substrate concentration and cell feedback on kinetic behavior of heterogeneous populations in completely mixed systems (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 207-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth kinetics of heterogeneous populations of sewage origin were studied in completely mixed reactors of the once-through type at a high concentration of incoming substrate, 3000 mg/l glucose, and in systems employing cell feedback or sludge recycle at an incoming substrate concentration of 1000 mg/1 glucose. The recycle flow rate employed was 25% of the incoming feed flow, and the concentration of cells in the recycle was maintained as closely as possible at 150% of the cell concentration in the reactor. Studies were made at various dilution rates. Throughout these studies, batch experiments using cells grown at the various dilution rates were made to determine ks and μm values. As in previous studios using heterogeneous populations, the relationship between specific growth rates μ and substrate concentration S was represented better by the Monod equation than by any other which was tested. The growth “constants” μm, ks, and Y were found to fall in the same general range as those determined in previous studies in once-through systems operated at 1000 mg/l glucose. It was observed that cell recycle, even at the relatively low concentration factor employed in these studies, greatly enhanced the flocculating and settling characteristics of the cells.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110207
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  • 2
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    Growth potential of a variation of eagle's minimum essential medium for spinner cultures (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 263-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110209
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  • 3
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110301
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  • 4
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    The isolation of an aliphatic amidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A pilot-scale process for the isolation of an aliphatic, amidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been developed. A constitutive, partially irrepressible mutant was employed to give a high initial enzyme concentration. An existing laboratory isolation procedure has been scaled up and modified particularly by substitution of polyethylene glycol for ammonium sulfate precipitation as the first stage in the conversion of the fractionation to continuous operation. Full recovery of activity was achieved with the modification. The recovery of enzyme from a subsequent chromatographic stage was 85% and the maximum overall purification was 28-fold.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110303
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  • 5
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    Kinetics of fermentation processes (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 293-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetic studies on fermentation processes were made and a general equation of production rate was newly presented applying the kinetic theory on mierobial cell growth which was reported previously by the authors.l,2 Equations for product concentration in fermentation time courses were derived by developing mathematically the general equation of production rate, and characteristic properties of fermentation processes were clarified. Some examples of fermentations were analyzed kinetically using the new kinetic theory. The calculated values of product, and cell concentrations were in good agreement with the observed values.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110304
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  • 6
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    Measurement of heat evolution and correlation with oxygen consumption during microbial growthThis paper was presented in part at the 154th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, III., Sept. 11, 1967. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 269-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A procedure for measuring the rate of heat production from a fermentation has been developed. The method is based on measuring the rate of temperature rise of the fermentation broth resulting from metabolism, when the temperature controller is turned off. The heat accumulation measured in this manner is then corrected for heat losses and gains. A sensitive thermistor is used to follow the temperature rise with time. This procedure is shown to be as accurate as previous methods but much simpler in execution. Using this technique, the rate of heat production during metabolism was found to correlate with the rate of oxygen consumption. Experiments were performed using bacteria (E. coli and B. subtilis), a yeast (C. intermedia), and a mold (A. niger). The substrates investigated included glucose, molasses, and soy bean meal. The proportionality constant for the correlation is independent of the growth rate, slightly dependent on the substrate, and possibly dependent On the type of organism growth. This correlation has considerable potential for predicting heat evolution from the metabolism of microorganisms on simple or complex substrates and providing quantitative parameters necessary for heat removal calculations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110302
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  • 7
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    The design, construction, and characteristics of a new long-lived steam sterilizable oxygen electrode (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 323-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A steam sterilizable oxygen electrode for fermentor use is described. The electrode has a silver cathode, lead anode, phosphate electrolyte, and a membrane of a fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer film (FEP.).The electrode has a linear response to partial pressure of oxygen from 1.5 × 10-2 to 103 mm Hg.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110305
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  • 8
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    The conversion of benzyl penicillin to 6-aminopenieillanie acid using an insoluble derivative of penieillin amidase (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 337-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Penicillin amidase was extracted from Escherichia coli ATCC 9637, grown on phenylacetic, acid and glutamate, and purified by fractional ion with streptomycin sulphate, ammonium sulphate and polyethylene glycol, followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The purification factor was 100-200 × and the overall yield was about 115%. The enzyme was chemically attached to derivatives of cellulose and the kinetics of these insolubilized penicillin amidase preparations was investigated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110306
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  • 9
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    The kinetics of β-galactosidase attached to porous cellulose sheets (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 363-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The properties of β-galactosidase attached to cellulose and DEAE-cellulose sheets arc described. Those insoluble enzyme derivatives obey the Michael-Menten relationship but, the measured kinetic parameters are very dependent on the flow conditions. The results of long-term stability tests are given.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110308
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  • 10
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    Preparation and use of insolubilized amyloglucosidase for the production of sweet glucose liquors (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 349-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Amyloglucosidase (EC. 3.2.1.3), partially purified from an Aspergillus species, was chemically attached to DEAE cellulose using the bifunctional reagent 2-amino-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine. The action of the insolubilized enzyme derivative on dilute maltose and dextrin solutions was studied in a packed bed. A second and deeper bed was used to demonstrate the possibility of a continuous process for raising the dextrose; equivalents of “glucose” liquors of high concentration formed by acid hydrolysis of maize starch.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110307
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  • 11
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    An introduction to the symposium on hydrocarbon fermentation, third international fermentation symposiumThe symposium was held on Tuesday, September 3, at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 381-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110309
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  • 12
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    Clutivation of yeast on gas oil (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 383-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The results achieved by the cultivation of the yeast. Candida lipolytica on gas oil are referred. By using a distillation fraction of gas oil distilling between 180-400°C, containing 10-20% of n-alkanes, the optimal condition for biomass production and deparaffination were estimated for various dilution rates and various amounts of gas oil in the medium. The main factor, which influences the yield coefficient by hydrocarbon fermentation is the polyauxie of the hydrocarbon substrate. The penetration of dispersed hydrocarbons into the yeast cell is demonstrated on electron micrographs and the velocity and reversibility of this process is estimated by using tritium-traced hexadecane.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110310
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  • 13
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    Composition of cell material and biological value of the cellular protein of a micrococcus strain grown on hydrocarbons (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 409-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A Micrococcus cerificans strain was grown on simple media with n-hexadecane or gas oil as sole carbon sources. Samples of cellular material recovered from hexadecane or gas oil fermentations do not appear to differ significantly in their composition. The protein content varied from 68 to 75%. With the exception of sulfur amino acids the amino acid distribution compares favorably with the FAO standard reference protein.The biological value of cell protein recoveered from hexadecane fermentations was 67 (cascin, 70). In the case of gas oil grown cells, the cell material recovered had to be completely purified in order to improve its protein quality. After fully extraction of undersirable fraction with petroleum ether in a Soxhlet apparatus the biological value observed was 63.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110312
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  • 14
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    Continuous phased culture - A technique for growing, analyzing, and using microbial cellsIssued as N.R.C. No. 10941. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 843-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous phased growth produces a culture in which most of the cells in the population are in the same stage of their development. The cell, thereby amplified by the size of the synchronous population, may be examined in the phased culture at any desired growth rate. Changes taking place in the cell after the cell cycle, i.e., post-cycle changes, may be examined by a modification of the procedure. Further systematic applications of the method permit a rational approach to problems of cell growth and metabolism.The phasing technique recognizes the cells as the fundamental unit for experimental investigation, and offers a great potential in the analysis of the cell throughout its cycle, a relatively unexploited field in cell physiology and fermentation. Experiments with yeasts and bacteria illustrate some of the applications and progress made so far.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110510
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  • 15
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    Studies of fungal growth and intermediary carbon metabolism under steady and non-steady state conditions (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 785-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The physiology of Aspergillus nidulans strain 224 has been studied under conditions of batch- and glucose-limited chemostat-culture and the effect of different steady state growth rates and dissolved oxygen tensions (DOT) examined. Measurements of the specific activities of selected glucose enzymes, the extent of oxygen uptake inhibition by glycolytic inhibitors, and radiorespirometric analyses were made in order to follow the variations in glucose catabolism, which occurred under these conditions. Greatly increased activity of the hexosemonophosphate (HMP) pathway was found during: (i) exponential growth of batch cultures; (ii) at near maximum specific growth rates (μ = 0.072 hr-1) (DOT = 156 mm Hg); and (iii) at low DOT levels (〈30 mm Hg) (μ = 0.050 hr-1) in chemostat cultures. These changes in glucose eatabolism have been discussed in terms of the biosynthetic demands of the fungus under the influence of changing growth pressures. Preliminary studies also have been made of transition state behavior following stepwise alteration of the DOT. A new steady state was established after 4-5 culture doublings during which period an “overshoot” in HMP pathway activity occurred; these kinetics are indicative of a derepression of certain glucose enzymes. Low molecular weight phenols are synthesized during the exponential phase in batch cultures and these are further metabliized to a major secondary metabolite, melanin, at the onset of stationary phase conditions. The kinetics of tyrosinase production in steady state chemostats differs from those that might be predicted for an enzyme associated solely with secondary metabolism. A primary physiological role for this oxidase in Aspergillus nidulans has been postulated.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110508
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  • 16
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    Cell growth and population activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two-stage continuous cultivation (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 853-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous culture in a cascade of vessels with the addition of supplemental nutrients to any stage permits adjustment of the physiological state of the culture in each stage to best achieve a desired performance goal. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two-stage continuous cultivation was selected as a model system. With conditions in the first stage held constant- at a selected glucose concentration in the feed stream, dilution rate for the second stage was varied. Cell numbers, dry weight, glucose concentration, respiration coefficient, and titers of several enzymes were determined. The seed rate was defined as the ratio of glucose concentration in the feeds to stage 1 and to stage 2. At low seed rates, the calculated specific growth rate in the second stage was proportional to dilution rate. At higher seed rates, the specific growth rate based on dry weight behaved differently from that based on cell numbers, and the dependence on dilution rate was not linear.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110511
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  • 17
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    Predator-prey relationships in a model for the activated process (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 887-907 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The primary objective of this paper was to develop a mathematical description for the food chain, Because of the interdependence of the elements in this food chain, continuous oscillations among the variables are possible. A set of three differential equations was obtained to describe the above system in a continuously fed stirred tank reactor. The differential equations obtained were examined to characterize the possible types of solutions. A limit, cycle solution was obtained for some values of the system parameters.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110514
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  • 18
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    Effect of total illumination upon continuous Chlorella production in a high intensity light system (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 863-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A high intensity light system (HILIS) was designed and constructed to define the environmental parameters affecting production of algae. The HILIS incorporates the basic concepts of an aerobic fermenter for heterotrophic cells with high intensity illumination for photosynthetic studies. Of nine parameters considered, temperature and light intensity studies using Chlorella 71105 have been completed. Total illumination was varied from 25,000 to 300,000 lumens (30 times intensity of sunlight as measured at earth's surface) in 7.7-1, culture. The effect of illumination upon growth was measured as cell concentration and total daily algal production when operating the HILIS as a continuous system at a dilution rate of 0.91 per day.Growth may be expressed as a long function of illumination. A maximum algal concentration of 25.5g/l., dry weight basis, was attained at 300,000 lumens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110512
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  • 19
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    Homogeneous cultivation of animal cells for the production of virus and virus products (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 875-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Homogeneous technique facilitates the cultivation of large quantities of cells, reduces the risk of contamination by eliminating many manipulations, and makes practical the control of conditions such as pH and oxygen tension. Although most animal cells will not multiply in free suspension, certain cell lines have lost the requirement of being attached to a solid surface. These cells can be subcultured indefinitely but have some resemblance to cancer cells such as their abnormal karyotype. Certain cell linen developed from human embryonic tissue maintain their diploid character after repeated subculture and would seem to be ideal for the production of vaccines. However, strict regulations exist for viral products for human injection in that only cells taken from normal tissue and subcultured but once may be used.A microcarrier method in which cells adhere to DEAE-Sephadex beads permits a suspension culture which may be termed quasihomogeneous. The attached cells may be retained by sedimentation or by screening as the medium is replaced. Cell debirs from the original tissue is difficult to remove from microcarrier cultures; modifications of the trypsinization technique have alleviated but not solved this problem.Conditions for virus replication can be less critical than those for cell growth in that oxygen tension seems to have little influence on virus production. In cases where rate of virus production increases with specific growth rate of cells, homogeneous culture would have a advantage in maintaining a high cell mogeneous culture would have a valuble advantage in maintaining a high cell growth rate for a longer time. Some virus infections destroy cells, but others cause little change in cellular mteabolism except that virus is continually produced. The latter type can be conducted with a microcarrier in continuous culture with a virus titer exceeding 107 plaque forming units per milliliter for over 50 days with Rubella-infected BHK cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110513
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  • 20
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    Introduction to the symposium on engineering aspects of fermentation (second part) (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 909-909 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110515
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  • 21
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    Performance of a perforated plate column as a multistage continuous fermentor (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 911-926 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microorganisms were continuously cultivated in multistage column consisting of ten perforated plate sections to which medium and air were supplied concurrently from the bottom.At steady state the cell concentration in the various stages was gradationally differentiated from the bottom to the top in the direction of medium flow. RNA content per unit cell concentration at each sage was determined. The cells in the lower stages were higher in RNA content than those from the upper stages. Wash out was observed to occur in the column at dilution rates which do not result in wash out in a single stage chemostat system.A study of the flow characteristics revealed that the overall performance of the plate column was equivalent to that of a multistage system, when hole diameter and hole area to column cross sectional area ratio were properly selected. This was true even in highly aerated conditions. These results indicated that the perforated plates in the column hindred intermixing through the plates, and that each stage functioned as an independent stirred vessel. Industrial and research application of this type fermentor was discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110516
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  • 22
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    A continuous, multistage tower fermentor. I. Design and performance tests (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 927-943 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The design of a continuous column fermentor with a multiple staging effect is described. The column is divided into four compartments by horizontal perforated plates and is provided with a central agitator shaft driving an impeller in each compartment. A tube at the center of each plate forms a liquid seal around the shaft and also acts as a “downcomer.”The fermentor is normally operated with counter-current flow of gas and medium. Fresh medium is added to the top stage and product is withdrawn from the bottom.The effect of plate and agitator design on fermentor performance was studied in terms of factor such as oxygen transfer rate, gas holdup, and interstage mixing. By proper choice of the design parameters, the fermentor was made to approximate a perfect four-stage cascade in terms of reactor performance.Preliminary experiments were performed with air-water systems, but a more realistic picture of fermentor performance was obtained in experience involving propagation of Escherichia coli. Data for business and substrate concentrations in each stage confirmed the staging effect of the apparatus. The fermentor operated in a stable manner for periods of more than two weeks.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110517
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  • 23
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    The design and operation of high-power, magnetic drives (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 967-985 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A description is given of the design and operation of high-power magnetic drives developed to enable shaft seals and glands to be dispensed within deepculture vessels, in tissue homogenizers, and in mixing and filling processes where sterility is essential. The drives operate at speeds of 300 to 2000 rpm in volumes of 300 1. to 10 ml with clearances up to 16 mm between the pole faces of the magnets.Two types of drive are described, one in which the driving and driven magnets form an integral unit on the lid of a vessel: such vessels are used for transporting material. To intiate stirring, it is only necessary to connect a motor directly, or through a cable-drive, to the magnetic-drive assembly. In the other type of unit the driving magnet is attached permanently to the driving motor. Locating pins on the base of the motor and corresponding sockets on the lid of the vessel ensure that when the motor is in position, the driving and driven magnets are located correctly in relation to one another.The design of these drives is based on the use of multipole, ceramic magnets. The advantages of their use in such units, compared with metal magnets, are discussed. Earlier magnetic drives are also discussed and explanations offered for the difficulties formerly met in scaling up.
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    Design and physical characteristics of a multistage, continuous tower fermentor (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 945-966 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multistage tower laboratory fermentor has been constructed consisting of eight compartments separated by sieve plates. Flow of substrate and air is concurrent from the bottom to the top of the column. It, was hoped that this system could be used to reproduce, simultaneously on a continuous basis, eight distinct phases of a batch growth curve. It was believed that the extent of batch curve simulation would depend upon the character of hydraulic mean residence time of broth in the column and in the individual compartments. The expected relationship did not occur. Rather it was found that growth in the column involved residence time characteristics not only for the fluid but also for the microorganisms, and for the growth limiting substrate. Depending upon the column operation, these could be distinct and different.The purpose of this investigation was to study the residence time distribution (RTD) of the continous (fluid) and dispersed (microorganisms) phases for model systems as well as for a yeast fermentation. Various degrees of flow nonideality, i.e., fluid blackflow and dispersed phase sedimentation, were noticed. The former seems to be due to interaction of the concurrent gas and liquid flow; it is particularly dependent upon void area of the sieve plate holes. Sedimentation is probably a function of plate design as well as cell size and density. It wa concluded that for a particular plate design the gas hold-up wass controlled by superficial air velocity and was the main parameter governing the differences between dispersed and continous phase(Rt1). This conclusion was supported by a computeraided styudy utilizing a mathematical model of fluid flow to fit the growth kinetics and cell distribution observed experimentally throughout the fermentor.Some advantages of foam control in the tower fermentor by surface active compounds are mentioned. Also, suggestions are made for carrying out fermentations that have two liquid phases, such as a hydrocarbon fermentation. The possibility of closely approximating plug-flow conditions in the multistage tower fermentor, a necessary condition for batch growth simulation, is discussed from a practical point of view.
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    A flow cell photometer for bacterial growth monitoring (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1005-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A flow cell photometer is described with automatic cleaning of the photometric cell, denasimetric separation of air bubbles and precipitates, and a constant sensitivity from 0 to 10 mg/ml of bacterial dry weight.
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    Recovery of biological materials through ultrafiltrationPresented at the 3rd International Fermentation Symposium, September 3-8, 1968, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 987-1003 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments were performed on a cellulose acetate ultrafiltration membrane (HF-200, ABCOR Inc., Cambridge, Mass.) to test its efficacy in concentrating and purifying a crude enzyme (trypsin) preparation. Studies were also made to determine the influence of inorganic salts, pressure, and temperature on the rate of ultrafiltration for this membrane. The results showed reductions in the rates will be encountered due to the presence of inorganic salts. However, the reduced rates were still sufficiently high to make this method extremely attractive. Operating at filtration pressures above 75 psi at, 20 to 30°C for this membrane does not show any beneficial effect in terms of ultrafiltration rates. However, at 10°C there were continual increases in the filtration rates up to 100 psi. Concentration and purification studies with trypsin yielded a concentration factor of 8.35 and a purification factor 2.35. It was shown concretely that the purification of the enzyme was due to the passage of low molecular weight proteins (below 20,000) through the membrane. Enzyme activity slightly greater than 90% was obtained: 70% was found in the concentrate and 20% in the filtrate. It is concluded that membrane ultrafiltration is an ideal simple, rapid, and economical method for the recovery of biological active substances.
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    Automatic electrode selection device for monitoring ph (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1027-1032 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    An improved, totally automated antibiotic bioassay machine (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1011-1025 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A number of improvements have been made in a totally-automated antibiotic bioassay machine previously described. The new machine accepts unmeasured, untreated, opaque suspensions of fermentation beers three times faster (120 samples per hour) and supplies printed potencies sooner (in just over two hours). Whereas the original machine employed a self-cleaning filter and used disposable two milliliter beakers, this version involves a batch-dialysis scheme for effecting sample purification, and provides for automated cleaning of incubation chambers.In operation, a measured, portion of thoroughly-mixed fermentation beer is automatically diluted and transferred into one side of an incubation chamber, the two halves of which are separated by a dialysis membrane. The other half is filled with inoculated media. During the two hour incubation at 37°, dialyzable antibiotic limits growth of the inoculum in proportion to its concentration. After incubation, the turbidity of the inoculum is simultaneously read by an online computer and plotted on a strip chart recorded. The computer suplies printed potency values and sample identification on site, while the recording provides the operator with an analog record of turbidity. Fiber optics are employed in the turbidmetric readout, and an electric typewrite provides the printout.
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    A simple 50-bottle fraction collector for volumes up to 350 litersResearch sponsored by National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health and by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under contract with the Union Carbide Corporation, Nuclear Division. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1033-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Solubility of endotoxin and stability of its biological activity in organic liquids (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1037-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110601
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    Studies on methanol oxidizing bacteriaPaper presented at the conference of the International Organization of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IOBB), May, 29th-30th, 1969, Stockholm. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1043-1054 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mixed culture of methanol oxidizing bacteria has been cultivated on simple inorganic salts medium supplemented with methanol. Optimal growth occurred at 31°C, pH 6.0-6.3, and a methanol concentration between 1 and 2 ml/1, of medium. The maximum yield was 4.5 g dw/I and the mean generation time 3.2 hr.It was estimated that 41% of methanol carbon was converted into cell-carbon, and that 73% of the inorganic nitrogen was converted to organic nitrogen.
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    Kinetics of microbial oxidation of n-heptane. I. Characterization of the process (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 417-426 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Utilization of n-heptane by a Pseudomonad was studied in pilot-size butch cultures. Optimal pH and temperature were determined by a factorial design and a medium based upon mineral uptake rates was formulated. High cell yields were obtained by volatilizing heptane in the incoming air and thereby achieving good hydrocarbon dispersion. Hydrocarbon carried by effluent gases was recovered and recycled. In cultures where pH is not controlled, decrease in the electrolytic conductivity of the medium was found to be indicative of viable cells and was used in monitoring bacterial propagation. If not checked, increase in salinity in pH controlled cultures was found to affect cell production negatively. Viscosity changes were not very significant. Heptane to aqueous medium ratio was found to affect oxygen supply to the system due to higher dissolved oxygen concentrations associated with hydrocarbons.
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    Diffusion models for hetergenous biochemical reaction kinetics (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 719-724 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110501
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    The rheological effects of substrate-additives on fermentation yields (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 725-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Model identification of the biochemical oxidation process (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 731-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fairly general model of the biochemical oxidation, which takes into account the activity of microorganisms, is presented. Parameters of the model have been determined by fitting the model to available experimental data through the use of a straightforward gradient technique.
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    Semi-continuous culture and monitoring system for temperature-synchronized Euglena (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 745-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A temperature-synchronized, semi-continuous culture and monitoring system is described, with results from use of the system for autotrophically growing Euglena. Outflow from the culture vessel consists of measured samples taken automatically at 2-hour intervals and fixed for later counting. Inflow is by siphon feed, which restores the culture level after each sampling. The interpretation of growth curves obtained from such cultures is discussed from the viewpoint, of division synchrony and cell cycle studies, and some general comparisons are made between batch and continuous cultures for such studies.
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    The production, isolation, and characterization of a grisein-like sideromycin complex (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1111-1123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Streplomyces griscus var. X-2455 produces an antibiotic complex which is active in vitro against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and in mice against systemic infections caused by K, pneumoniae and D, pneumoniac. In view of the favorable chemotherapeutic index and the broad in vitro spectrum of crude concentrates, isolation of the pure antibiotic complex and the individual constituents was undertaken. The antibiotics referred to as Ho 5-2667, Ro 7-7730, and Ho 7-7731 can be differentiated by tle, ultraviolet light absorption spectra, and in vitro antibacterial activities. They all contain iron and may be classified as sideromycins.From antibiotic concentrates an antibacterially inactive substance was isolated and identified as N-acetyltyramine.
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    Biosynthesis of chloramphenicol (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1125-1134 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The current knowledge concerning the biosynthesis of chloramphenicol is discussed. Cultures of Streptomyces sp. 3022a fed 14C-shikimie acid incorporated the label to the same extent into phenylalanine, tyrosine, and chloramphenicol. Of possible precursors of the phenylpropanoid nucleus of this antibiotic only p-aminophenylalanine and DL-threo-p-amino phenylserine specifically labeled chloramphenicol. On the basis of these results a pathway for the biosynthesis of chloramphenicol is presented. The lack of specific incorporation of 15N-nitrogen from a competitive feeding experiment in which both l5N-nitrate and 14N-DL-serine were fed to growing cultures suggests that both the amido- and the nitro-nitrogen atom present in this antibiotic are derived from a common pool. Studies on the enzyme, DAHP synthetase, show that in streptomyces sp. 3022a it is not subject to feed back inhibition by either phenylalanine, tyrosine, or chloramphenicol.
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    Physiology of, an enzyme production by, plant cell cultures (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1247-1254 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Red kidney bean (Phascolus vulgaris) cells, derived from roof, callus, were grown in suspension culture in shake flasks and in laboratory fermentors using batch and continuous batch culture techniques. The medium contained casein hydrolysate, sucrose, inorganic salts, vitamins, and growth hormones. In continuous batch culture yields of up to 171 g wet weight, (8.5 g dry weight) per liter were obtained in 7 days. Organic nitrogen was used preferentially. Growth on nitrate was considerably slower than on organic nitrogen sources. Indole acetic and naphthalene acetic acids were not essential for good growth of the cells whereas kinetin and 2, 4-D were. The optimum pH for growth was about p11 4.5. The presence of amylase and peroxidase was detected in culture filtrates. Amylase activity was low in either the presence or the absence of starch in the medium. Peroxidase production could be related directly with growth of the culture. Maximum peroxidase yield, as measured by the guaiacol method and expressed as horse radish peroxidase, was 1.25 × 10-8 M.
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    Fermentation methods for protein enrichment of cassava (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1271-1284 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Transformation of steroids by mixed cultures (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1255-1270 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Some results of our studios on transformation of steroids by mixed culture fermentation are presented in this paper. Arthrobacter simplex was paired in turn with each of the following: Streptomyces roseochromogenes, Curvularia lunata, Absidia coerulea, and Aspergillus ochraceus. The steroid substrates examined for multiple transformation were 16α-hydroxy-cortexolone, 16α-hydroxy-cortexolone 16,17-acetonide, 9α-fluorohydrocortisone, 9α-fluorohydrocortisone 21-acetate, and 9α-fluorohydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate. The effects of media, steroid substrate, and microbial interaction in a mixed culture on the induction and repression of steroid transforming enzymes were unique to each case studied. The reaction mechanism of the multiple steroid transformation was also found to vary from one mixed culture system to another. Two different reaction mechanisms were observed, namely, consecutive and parallel. In the former, one of the two enzymatic reactions always preceded the other, while in the latter, two different enzyme reactions occurred simultaneously, thereby giving rise to two different intermediates. Multiple transformation of steroids by a single step mixed culture fermentation has potential economic advantages.
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    Oxygen transfer rate measured by gluconic acid production (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1289-1290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110622
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    Kinetics of product inhibition in alcohol fermentation-temperature effect in the “sake” brewing (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1285-1287 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the kinteic equations derived previously from a series of sophisticated batch and continuous alcohol fermentations by using a respiration-deficient mutant of baker's yeast is as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {{dp} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{dp} {dt}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {dt}} = v_0 e^{ - k_2 p} \left[{{S \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {S {\left({K_s ^\prime + S} \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left({K_s ^\prime + S} \right)}}} \right]X $$\end{document} where dp/dt = ethanol production rate, v0 = specific rate of ethanol production at p = 0, k2 = empirical constant, K′s = saturation constant, S = glucose concentration, and X = cell mass concentration. The above equation was confirmed in the previous paper to fit, the brewing of “sake.”The temperature of the specific brewing is not always constant (10 to 18°C). The effect of temperature on v0 was assessed from the Arrhenius plot, assuming that k2 was independent of temperature. Values of dp/dt taken from the “sake” brewing data were rearranged, taking the temperature change into account. These datu, corrected for the temperature, were found to follow quite favorably the kinetic equation mentioned above. So far, a prediction of the ethanol production rate in practice was rectified to the extent of p = 19%.
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    Kinetics of continuous cultivation (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 19-36 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetic, studies were made on continuous cultivation applying the theory of microbial cell growth that was derived previously by the authors introducing the concepts of critical concentration and coefficient of consumption activity. General equations for microbial cell concentration for continuous cultivation in continuous-stirred tank and tubular type reactors were derived theoretically. Productivity of cell mass in continuous cultivation was analyzed kinetically and the behavior of mutant populations in continuous cultivation is briefly discussed.
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    Use of the glucose oxidase system to measure oxygen transfer rates (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1-18 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This investigation used the glucose oxidase system to simulate oxygen transfer rate in fermentation broths. It was demonstrated that the fungal preparation contained sufficient lactonase activity so that D-glucono-δ-lactone did not accumulate and that the rate of production of gluconic acid was proportional to the oxygen uptake rate. Enzyme concentrations of 1.5-2 g/1 were found adequate to determine oxygen absorption rates in shake flasks while maintaining the dissolved oxygen concentration of low levels. The apparent Michaelis constant for oxygen, Km(O2), was found to be 27% saturation with air; this value along with experimentally determined uptake rates could be used to calculate dissolved oxygen concentration in lieu of using a dissolved oxygen probe. Enzyme concentrations of 5 g/l were sufficient to give linear acid production and low dissolved oxygen concentrations in a bench-scale fermenter with no foaming or enzyme deactivation. The method is considered more valid and easier to employ than previously utilized techniques such as sulfite oxidation. Extension of the system to evaluating aeration effectiveness and scaleup of fermentation equipment is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110102
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    Investigation of some methods for increasing the digestibility in vitro of microalgae (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 37-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In order to increase the availability of the cell bound protein in Scenedesmus algae, mechanical, enzymatic, and chemical methods of degrading the cell wall structure were investigated.Mechanical treatment involved the use of a ball-mill. The algae suspension together with glass beads was milled in a water-cooled chamber equipped with rotating disks. The enzyme tested was a cellulolytic enzyme (Meicelase) and the chemical employed was hydrogen peroxide.In the ball-mill experiments a complete disintegration was achieved ina disintegrator, working with batches. Trails wwere also performed with a continuous disintegrator and the depedence of disintegration on bead size and flow rate was studied. The disintegration determined by microscropic cell count was compared to the increase of the pepsin digestibility.The meicelase treatment caused a slight increase of the pepsin digestibility, as measured after 3 hr pepsin incubation. No increase of the pepsin disgestibility could be detected with hydrogen peroxide treatment.After the ball-mill disintegration 95% of contaminating bacteria were killed and yields of extractable proteins were higher. The capacity of availble continuous ball-mills is such that they could be used on a pilot-plant scale and the energy cost of disintegration would be of the same magnitude as that of separation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Application of continuous oxidative assimilation and endogenous protein synthesis to the treatment of carbohydrate wastes deficient in nitrogen (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 53-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A synthetic waste (with glucose as carbon source) devoid of a source of nitrogen was purified in a laboratory scale pilot plant by a new modification of the activated sludge process. The process makes use of a separate carbon assimilation (oxidative assimilation) phase and an endogenous phase in which ammonia is added to a portion of the settled sludge and non-nitrogenous products stored in the cells in the assimilation phase are converted to protein. It was found that sludge so treated, when recycled to the assimilation tank, could carry out continuous oxidative assimilation of the waste. Various COD:N ratios were studied. At the highest, 70:1, 90% purificaton efficiency was achieved.
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    Correlation of lags in the utilization of mixed sugars in continuous fermentation (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110108
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    The effect of micromixing on growth processes (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 181-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110206
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    Continuous enzymatic saccharification of cellulose with culture filtrates of trichoderma viride QM 6a.Paper presented at the 3rd International Fermentation Symposium, New Brunswick, New Jersey, September 3-6, 1968. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 239-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous saccharification of Solka Floc (cellulose pulp) in single and four-vessel stirred-tank reactor systems has been possible employing enzymes obtained directly from submerged fermentation of Trichoderma viride QM 6a. Studies on the effect of modification of the solid substrate, enzyme stability, substrate concentration, and the influence of reducing sugar concentration on the rate of hydrolysis are reported. While susceptibility of substrate to digestion is not affected by heating alone, it is strikingly increased by heating plus grinding, or by grinding following heating. Batch and steady state continuous saccharification experiments have yielded more than 5% reducing sugar in the effluent with a dilution rate of 0.025 hr-1 at 50°C, at a substrate level of 10%. An average glucose concentration of 3.4% has been obtained in the effluent of a continuous saccharification using 5% substrate at the same dilution rate and temperature.
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    Ein stabiles Spironorcaradien (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 83-84 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810206
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    Synthese neuer Thiazolo [3,2-a]pyridiniumsalzeDiese Arbeit wurde vom Verband der Chemischen Industrie und der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft unterstützt. (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 84-85 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810208
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    Cyclopropyloxiran (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 86-86 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810211
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    Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Von R. C. West u. S. M. Selby. The Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland 1967. 48. Aufl., XXVI, 1920 S., geb. $ 20.50 (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 90-90 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810218
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    Elektrokristallisation von Metallen unter idealen und realen Bedingungen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 101-114 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ideale Bedingungen bei der Elektrokristallisation - die sich nur angenähert realisieren lassen - würden zu einem fehlerlosen Einkristall führen, während unter realen Bedingungen ein von zahlreichen Baufehlern durchsetzter mono- oder polykristalliner Körper wächst. Für die elektrolytische Herstellung quasi-idealer Einkristalle muß man eine Überspannung zulassen, die mindestens die Aktivierungsenergie zur Bildung zweidimensionaler Keime aufbringt; andernfalls entsteht durch Wachstum über Schraubenversetzungen ein Realkristall. Die Potentialabweichung bei der Elektrokristallisation unter realen Bedingungen ist durch elektrochemische und/oder Kristallisationsüberspannung gegeben, die getrennt bestimmt werden können. Die Erforschung der Elektrokristallisation bietet auch gute Möglichkeiten für ein systematisches Studium der Entstehung von Fehlordnungen in Realkristallen.
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    Hydrolyse von 6-Methylthio-8-azapurinen zu Thiolestern von 1,2,3-Triazolcarbonsäuren (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 115-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810305
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    Einwirkung von Phosphorpentachlorid auf N-Halogensulfonylurethane (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 119-120 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810310
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    Kristallstruktur von 4-Thiouridin (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 121-121 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810313
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    Der spezifische Trypsininhibitor aus Schweinepankreas (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 122-123 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810315
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    Standardmethoden der praktischen Chemie. Herausgeg. von E. Poulsen-Nautrup. Hauptgruppe: Präparative Methoden der organischen Chemie. Verlag Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig. Lieferung 1a: Allgemeine Arbeitstechnik I. 1. Aufl. 1963. VIII, 54 S., 46 Abb., 19 Tab.; Lieferung 1b: Allgemeine Arbeitstechnik II. 1. Aufl. 1966. VIII, 54 S., 49 Abb., 18 Tab.; Lieferung 1c: Allgemeine Arbeitstechnik III. 1. Aufl. 1966. VIII, 50 S., 28 Abb., 19 Tab.; Lieferung 2: Grundverbindungen I. 1. Aufl. 1963. VIII, 50 S., 13 Abb., 11 Tab.; Lieferung 3: Derivate I. 1. Aufl. 1964. VIII, 50 S.; Lieferung 4: Grundverbindungen II. 1. Aufl. 1964. VIII, 60 S., 15 Abb.; Lieferung 11: Azofarbstoffe. 1. Aufl. 1964. VIII, 44 S., 13 Abb., 3 Farbtafeln. Jede Lieferung (im Streifband) DM 5.90 (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 125-125 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Darstellung und Eigenschaften von AuTe2J (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 148-148 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810404
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    Neue Synthese für AlkylazideDiese Arbeit wurde von der National Science Foundation und der Alfred P. Sloan Foundation unterstützt. (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 148-149 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810405
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    Solvolytische Ringerweiterung an einem Übergangsmetall-π-Komplex (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 153-154 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Rundschau (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 157-159 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Nobel Lectures. Physiology or medicine 1901-1921. H. Grünewald. Herausgeg. von der Nobel Foundation. Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam-London-New York 1967. 1. Aufl., XII, 562 S., geb. Dfl. 80.00 (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 159-159 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
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    Organometallic compounds. K. Jonas. Von M. L. H. Green und K. Wade. Vol II: The Transition Elements. Von M. L. Green. Methuen and Co., Ltd., London 1968. 3. Aufl., XIII, 376 S., 86 Abb., 31 Tab., £ 5 (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 160-160 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810419
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    Masthead (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969) 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810501
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    Zur katalatischen und peroxidatischen Aktivität von Cu2+-Komplexen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 161-171 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Struktur von Cu2+-Komplexen und ihrer katalytischen Aktivität beim H2O2-Zerfall läßt sich als „molekulare Sonde“ verwenden, indem er es erlaubt, aus der katalytischen Aktivität eines Cu2+-Komplexes unbekannter Struktur die Zahl der koordinierten Ligandgruppen abzuleiten. Da außerdem nur koordinierte Ligandgruppen durch H2O2 oxidiert werden, lassen sich aus der spektrophotometrisch verfolgbaren Oxidation bestimmter Teile eines Liganden weitere Hinweise auf die Beschaffenheit der Koordinationssphäre des Metallions gewinnen. Dies gelang am Beispiel der Cu2+-Komplexe von Amiden, Polyaminosäuren, Nucleotiden, RNS und nativer sowie denaturierter DNS. Kinetische Untersuchungen gestatten Einblicke in die Mechanismen katalatischer und peroxidatischer Reaktionen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810502
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    Rundschau (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 191-192 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810515
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    Reviews in macromolecular chemistry. Herausgeg. von G. B. Butler und K. F. O. Driscoll. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York 1967. 1. Aufl., Bd. I, VII, 449 S., zahlr. Abb. u. Formeln, geb. $ 16.50; Bd. II, VIII, 380 S., zahlr. Abb., geb. $ 16.50 (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 192-193 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810517
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    Lehrbuch der Pharmalrognosie. Auf phytochemischer Grundlage. Von E. Steinegger und R. Hansel. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1968. 2. Aufl., XII, 531 S., zahlr. Abb. u. Tab., geb. DM 78.- (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 193-194 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Das Fischer Lexikon Chemie. A-Z. Herausgeg. von H. Kelker, F. Klages, R. Schwarz und U. Wannagat, S. Fischer-Verlag. Frankfurt 1968. Neuausgabe, 400 S., 46 Abb., geb. DM 4,80 (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 194-194 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810520
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    Masthead (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969) 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Elektrochromie - Solvatochromie (1969)
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    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 195-206 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Lage und die Intensität von Elektronenbanden werden durch ein elektrisches Feld beeinflußt. Eine stärkere Veränderung der Lage von Absorptionsbanden wird hauptsächlich durch das Dipolmoment des Moleküls im Grundzustand und durch die Dipolmomentänderung beim Anregungsprozeß bestimmt, eine stärkere Veränderung der Intensität durch die direkte Feldabhängigkeit des Übergangsmoments, die durch die Übergangspolarisierbarkeit beschrieben werden kann. Aus der Beeinflussung der optischen Absorption durch ein äußeres elektrisches Feld (Elektrochromie) können an geeigneten Molekülen das Dipolmoment im Grundzustand, die Dipolmomentänderung beim Anregungsprozeß, die Übergangsmomentrichtung der Elektronenbande sowie bestimmte Komponenten des Tensors der Übergangspolarisierbarkeit ermittelt werden. Diese Daten bestimmen im wesentlichen die starke Solvatochromie (Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit der Lage und der Intensität von Elektronenbanden), die besonders bei Molekülen mit großem Dipolmoment beobachtet werden kann. Kleinere Beiträge zur Solvatochromie werden durch Dispersionswechselwirkungen verursacht, die im Falle nichtpolarer Moleküle überwiegen. Die Kombination von elektrooptischen Absorptionsmessungen (Beeinflussung der Absorption durch ein äußeres elektrisches Feld) mit der Untersuchung der Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit der Elektronenbanden ließ eine experimentelle Überprüfung und Bestätigung der entwickelten Modelle zu.
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    Photoisomerisierung von Derivaten des 5-Methylen-tetracyclo[4.3.0.02,4.03,7]non-8-ens (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 222-224 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810605
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    Neue aromatische Systeme (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 229-229 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810612
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    Rundschau (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 230-231 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810615
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    Gleichzeitiger Stoff- und Wärmetransport bei Wandreaktion (Hydrierung von Äthylen am Platinkontakt im Ringspalt) (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 230-230 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Einführung in die Naturphilosophie, Band I: Naturerkenntnis und Wirklichkeit. Band II: Die Erkenntnis des Lebendigen. Von H. Sachsse. Verlag Friedr. Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig 1968. 1. Aufl. Bd. I: 232 S., Abb., geh. DM 17.50; Bd. II: 289 S., 35 Abb., 23 Tab., geh. DM 22.80 (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 232-232 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810617
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  • 82
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    Lysozyme: Ein Kapitel Molekularbiologie (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 244-256 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hühnereiweiß-Lysozym war das erste Enzym, dessen Tertiärstruktur aufgeklärt werden konnte. Seine Peptidkette ist in zwei etwa gleich großen Teilen angeordnet, zwischen denen ein tiefer Spalt klafft. Die Substrate (und Inhibitoren) werden in diesem Spalt durch Wasserstoffbrücken gebunden und unter Mitwirkung von Glu 35 und Asp 52  -  die das aktive Zentrum bilden  -  hydrolysiert.  -  Die Lysozyme, die in vielen Tier- und Pflanzenarten vorkommen, sind zwar chemisch verschieden, haben jedoch qualitativ die gleiche biologische Aktivität; quantitativ lassen sich große Unterschiede nachweisen, die auch die Spezifität betreffen. Nach Infektion mit Bakteriophagen entsteht in E. coli ein Lysozym, dessen Bildung von der Phagen-DNS kontrolliert wird. Da mutierte Phagen abgeänderte Lysozyme erzeugen, eröffnet sich ein weites Feld für die molekularbiologische Forschung.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810703
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    Neue Cyclophan-Synthese (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 258-259 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810707
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    Synthese substituierter Cyclopentadienone durch Ringverengung (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 260-261 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810709
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    Koordinationschemie (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 262-265 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810712
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    Rundschau (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 265-266 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810713
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    Physical methods in advanced inorganic chemistry. Herausgeg. von H. A. O. Hill und P. Day. Interscience Publishers, London-New York-Sidney 1968. 1. Aufl., XII, 627 S., zahlr. Abb. und Tab., geb. ca. DM 74. -  (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 267-268 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810716
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    Röntgenstrukturanalyse von Alkylthiostannonsäuren (Monoalkylsesquisulfiden) (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 297-297 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Masthead (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810901
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    Konjugierte Additionen in Fluorwasserstoff (1969)
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    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 321-328 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In wasserfreiem Fluorwasserstoff lassen sich an Verbindungen mit CC-Doppelbindungen in einem Schritt Fluor und ein anderer Substituent anlagern. Auf diese Weise sind u. a. α-fluorierte β-Halogen-, β-Alkyl-, β-Nitro- und β-Aminoverbindungen zugänglich, aber auch  -  teilweise durch Sekundärreaktionen  -  fluorierte Äther, Alkohole, Ester und Carbonsäuren. Durch konjugierte „Hypofluorierung“ in Gegenwart von Oxeniumionen können β-Fluoralkohole erhalten werden.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810904
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    FXeOTeF5: Ein Xenondifluorid-Derivat (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 330-330 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810907
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    N-Halogen-sulfinylamine (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 331-331 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810910
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    Ein Tetrasulfid-Chelat des Molybdäns (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 332-333 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810912
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    Makromolekulares Kolloquium. Zur Bestimmung der Verträglichkeit von Polymeren in Lösung (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 334-334 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810914
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    Hochauflösende ESR-Spektroskopie, dargestellt anhand aromatischer Radikal-Ionen. Von F. Gerson. Band 1 der, „Chemischen Taschenbücher“, herausgeg. von W. Foerst und H. Grünewald. Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim/ Bergstr. 1967. 1. Aufl., 210 S., 42 Abb., 14 Tab., geh.DM 16,  -  (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 341-342 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810936
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    Masthead (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969) 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690811001
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    Carbocyclic ring expansion reactions. Von C. D. Gutsche und D. Redmore. Supplement 1 aus Advances in Alicyclic Chemistry. Herausgeg. von H. Hart und G. J. Kurubutsos. Academic Press, New York-London 1968. 1. Aufl., VIII, 243 S., geh. $ 13.50 (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 342-342 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690810938
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    Aryldiimin bei der Reduktion von Diazoniumsalzen mit TetrahydridoboratHerrn Professor H. Bredereck zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 392-392 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690811006
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    Optische Aktivität am asymmetrischen Mangan-Atom (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 395-396 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690811011
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    Synthese des Pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidins (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 396-396 
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    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19690811012
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