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  • Other Sources  (97)
  • NASA Technical Reports  (97)
  • ASTRONOMY
  • 1970-1974  (97)
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  • Other Sources  (97)
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  • NASA Technical Reports  (97)
Keywords
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Thermal instability and energy relations in the convective envelopes of slowly rotating stars (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The nonstationary convection that arises due to thermal instability in the envelopes of lower Main Sequence stars (and the sun in particular) is investigated. The convection that arises in the envelopes as a result of thermal instability is of nonstationary turbulent nature. It is shown that construction of a consistent model of the zones of turbulent convection in the stars requires the use of the complete heat flux equation with consideration of the terms that appear because of turbulence. Expressions for these additional terms in terms of averaged characteristics of the motion and eddy viscosity coefficients are derived on the basis of the Prandtl-Wasiutinsky theory.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 203-223
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  • 2
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    The non-existence of the Oort cometary shell (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The procedures adopted as theory for a shell of comets are shown to be invalid. Any plot of numbers of long-period comets against 1/a will automatically exhibit a peak at small values of this parameter, and cannot be inverted to demonstrate a high volume-density of aphelia in space. The positions of actual aphelion-points show no sign of any concentration at any range. Further, the aphelion-distance undergoes large almost random changes owing to planetary perturbations at each return, and present values can yield no indication of original positions. A recent attempt to save the shell-theory by making use solely of comets with large perihelion-distance is shown to rest on exactly the same errors as have done all the earlier presentations. The plain conclusions emerge that the shell-theory is devoid of any support by facts, and that the alleged shell of comets is non-existent.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Dec. 197
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  • 3
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    Distance to Cygnus X-1 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An evaluation of the nature of the X-ray source Cygnus X-1 depends on distance relations. The validity of distance estimates provided by Margon et al. (1973) and Bregman et al. (1973) is considered. It is concluded that the possibility of a determination of the distance of HDE 226868 to the required accuracy on the basis of reddening measurements appears unlikely. It is, therefore, thought to be premature to suggest that the X-ray source is a black hole.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Nature; 251; Oct. 18
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  • 4
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    Tail structures far from the head of Comet Kohoutek. I (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two tail structures 0.1 AU from the head of Comet Kohoutek were photographed during January 1974. One was a wavy structure resembling a helix while the other was an irregular swan-like cloud. Both features were propagating down the tail at approximately 250 km/sec, and the observed speed is probably the phase speed. We discuss the physical origin of these structures and interpret the helix as a kink instability resulting from currents flowing along the tail axis.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 5
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    Visual observations of Comet Kohoutek from Skylab III (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Sketches of Comet Kohoutek drawn by the author during operations on Skylab are presented. The sketches are black and white, with darker color implying a higher observed brightness. Sketches were also made of what the isophotes would have looked like if they could have been measured. In addition, color sketches made after the flight and corresponding to each of the inflight sketches are presented. The sketches show the comet at perihelion minus 10 days and at perihelion plus 1-9 days. Sketches show the comet changing appreciably in form, color, texture, and length after perihelion. The sunward spike, visible at perihelion plus one day, is no longer visible at perihelion plus 4 days.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 6
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    Estimations of the smoothing operator response characteristics (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The mean response characteristic of the graphical smoothing method is discussed. The method is illustrated by analysis of latitude observations at Washington from 1915.9 to 1941.0. Spectral density, frequency distribution, and distribution functions are also discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrometrics and Astrophysics, No. 17 (NASA-TT-F-15768); p 145-148
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  • 7
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    The law of distribution of light beam direction fluctuations in telescopes (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The distribution of deviations from mean star trail directions was studied on the basis of 105 star trails. It was found that about 93% of the trails yield a distribution in agreement with the normal law. About 4% of the star trails agree with the Charlier distribution.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrometrics and Astrophysics, No. 17 (NASA-TT-F-15768); p 136-144
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  • 8
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    Scintillation spectra of stars and planets and dependence of their characteristics on meteorological conditions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Scintillation spectra of stars and planets were obtained at Goloseyevo. The dependence was studied of the scintillation spectral density and of the amplitude and frequency characteristics on zenith distances and aerological parameters. The differences in the scintillation spectra amplitude characteristics for white and red stars were found. The increase in the limiting frequency of the planet scintillation spectrum (as the wind becomes stronger) was studied along with the dependence of spectral characteristics on wind and star azimuth differences.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrometrics and Astrophysics, No. 17 (NASA-TT-F-15768); p 125-135
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  • 9
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    Determination of astronomical refraction near the horizon in different seasons of the year (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results are presented of astronomical refraction measurements for zenith distances of 80-90 degrees performed in different seasons with a two inch universal instrument. The differences between observed and calculated refraction were found to exhibit seasonal variations, and the results were compared with data of atmospheric aerologic soundings. The great departures in observed refraction from that calculated with the Pulkovo tables were ascribed to temperature gradient changes within the ground kilometer layer of atmosphere.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrometrics and Astrophysics, No. 17 (NASA-TT-F-15768); p 110-124
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  • 10
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    Calculation of the effectiveness of a gamma telescope (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A calculation is given of the effectiveness of recording of gamma quanta by a gamma telescope. Consideration of the isotropic nature of the stream of gamma quanta reaching the gamma telescope revealed that low energy gamma quanta are recorded relatively more effectively, since they are recorded from a wider solid angle than higher energy gamma quanta. The problem is solved of determining the effectiveness of recording of gamma quanta and determination of their energies by a gamma telescope.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Equipment for Space Res. (NASA-TT-F-785); p 319-334
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  • 11
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    Low noise parametric amplifiers for radio astronomy observations at 18-21 cm wavelength (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The principle characteristics and use of SHF parametric amplifiers for radiometer input devices are explored. Balanced parametric amplifiers (BPA) are considered as the SHF signal amplifiers allowing production of the amplifier circuit without a special filter to achieve decoupling. Formulas to calculate the basic parameters of a BPA are given. A modulator based on coaxial lines is discussed as the input element of the SHF. Results of laboratory tests of the receiver section and long-term stability studies of the SHF sector are presented.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Equipment for Space Res. (NASA-TT-F-785); p 23-27
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  • 12
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    Meter-wavelength VLBI. I - Cassiopeia A (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Very-long-baseline interferometric observations of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A, at 74 MHz with a 12,000-wavelength baseline and at 111 MHz with a 18,500-wavelength baseline, are reported. The fringe amplitudes are strongly varying on a time scale of about 15 to 30 minutes, which is attributed to much the same complex structure as that observed at higher frequencies, plus one other compact source. Due to the poor (u, nu)-plane coverage, the location of the extra source can not be isolated unambiguously, but possibilities are suggested. The source must lie outside the supernova remnant shell, possibly associated with a concentration of emission north of the shell, or lying outside the gap in the northeastern side of the shell. The flux and spectral index deduced for the compact source depend on the assumed size, with a range of 100 Jy and 500 Jy at 74 MHz. If the source is associated with the supernova explosion, it must have been traveling at least 5000 km/sec.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 79; Nov. 197
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  • 13
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    Microwave interferometry of Saturn: Application to the brightness temperature of the rings (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Radio interferometric measurements of Saturn and Saturn's rings are explained. The measurements are limited to Mu is greater than or equal to 3. Data are also given on visibility functions, flux density, and brightness temperature.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 97-105
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  • 14
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    Short wavelength radio observations of Saturn's rings (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Passive radio observations are discussed from 1 mm to 2 cm wavelengths. The interferometric technique was used to observe the brightness of the rings. The reflectivity and disk temperature are also considered. The differences between radio and radar observations are examined and discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington The Rings of Saturn; p 83-96
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  • 15
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    Balloon infrared astronomy platform (BIRAP) (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development of a balloon-borne attitude control system for infrared astronomy studies is discussed. The Balloon Infrared Astronomy Platform (BIRAP) is the result of the development effort. The BIRAP uses electronic gimballing for the offset pointing which eliminates a set of mechanical gimbals. Guide stars with visual magnitudes as low as plus 6 are used for fine tracking assuring that all areas of the sky can be covered. The BIRAP control concept uses a closed loop system in the airborne equipment with automatic update through a command link that can be operated either manually or automatically by a ground based computer.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 268-283
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  • 16
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    AIROscope stellar acquisition (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The acquisition system which operates in conjunction with a balloon-borne TV system, boresighted to a telescope is described. It has two main functions, a star field monitor and an offset star tracker. The design of the system was strongly influenced by the TV camera, which uses the same interlaced scanning system as is employed in commercial television broadcasting. To reduce power and bandwidth requirements, the star field information transmitted in our system consists only of the horizontal and vertical coordinates of each star and its brightness. As a star field monitor the system provides video thresholding, camera blemish suppression, coordinate digitization in 3 axes, circuity to recognize as single star the dispersed video signals resulting from one star overlapping adjacent scanning lines and storage of all signals for readout by the telemetry at appropriate times.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 225-238
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  • 17
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    A high sensitivity balloon-borne X-ray telescope system (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A high sensitivity X-ray telescope system suitable for photometric type observations from balloon altitudes is described. The balloon gondola system is defined to include the performance requirements and the overall performance requirements of the balloon gondola support system. Diagrams of the gondola and the installed components are provided. The pointing and control system of the telescope is analyzed.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 176-189
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  • 18
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    The stellar and solar tracking system of the Geneva Observatory gondola (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Sun and star trackers have been added to the latest version of the Geneva Observatory gondola. They perform an image motion compensation with an accuracy of plus or minus 1 minute of arc. The structure is held in the vertical position by gravity; the azimuth is controlled by a torque motor in the suspension bearing using solar or geomagnetic references. The image motion compensation is performed by a flat mirror, located in front of the telescope, controlled by pitch and yaw servo-loops. Offset pointing is possible within the solar disc and in a 3 degree by 3 degree stellar field. A T.V. camera facilitates the star identification and acquisition.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 167-175
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  • 19
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    Low-background air-infrared telescope for balloon-borne infrared astronomy (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The design and performance of a far-infrared telescope are discussed. The instrument is twenty centimeters in diameter and has excellent operating characteristics at 100 microns. The principal features of the telescope are summarized. A diagram of the system is provided. The telescope completed two sucessful balloon flights in which the planets Mars and Saturn were used as calibration sources. Observations were made of the H2 regions W 3, Orion A, NGC 2024, and the bright infrared galaxy M 82.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 145-149
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  • 20
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    AIROscope: Ames infrared balloon-borne telescope (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A balloon-borne telescope system designed for astronomical observations at infrared wavelengths is discussed. The telescope is gyro-stabilized with updated pointing information derived from television, star tracker, or ground commands. The television system furnishes both course and fine acquisition after initial orientation using a pair of fluxgate servo compasses. Command and control is by a UHF link with 256 commands available. Scientific and engineering data are telemetered to the ground station via narrow band F.M. in the L band. The ground station displays all scientific, engineering and status information during the flights and records the command and telemetry digital bit stream for detailed analysis. The AIROscope telescope has a 28-inch diameter primary mirror and Dall-Kirkham optics. The beam is modulated by oscillating a secondary mirror at 11 or 25 Hz with provision for left or right beam fixed positions by command.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 120-135
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  • 21
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    A cooled telescope for infrared balloon astronomy (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The characteristics of a 16 inch liquid helium cooled Cassegrain telescope with vibrating secondary mirror are discussed. The telescope is used in making far infrared astronomical observations. The system houses several different detectors for multicolor photometry. The cooled telescope has a ten to one increase in signal-to-noise ratio over a similar warm version and is installed in a high altitude balloon gondola to obtain data on the H2 region of the galaxy.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 81-90
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  • 22
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    Design and performance of a 39cm balloon-borne telescope (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A system for stabilizing a balloon-borne telescope using a star sensor device is described. Guide stars from minus four to plus four magnitude can be used and the sensor may be offset with respect to the telescope by as much as plus or minus five degrees in elevation and cross elevation to enable parts of the sky containing no suitable guide stars to be viewed. Acquisition of the guide star and setting of the offset coordinates is carried out by ground command and both may be changed in flight. The main design parameters of the equipment are summarized. Block diagrams and circuit diagrams of the star tracker are provided.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 58-70
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  • 23
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    Astronomical observations with the University College London balloon borne telescope (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The characteristics of a telescope system which was developed for high altitude balloon astronomy are discussed. A drawing of the optical system of the telescope is provided. A sample of the signals recorded during one of the flights is included. The correlation between the infrared flux and the radio continuum flux is analyzed. A far infrared map of the radio and infrared peaks of selected stars is developed. The spectrum of the planet Saturn is plotted to show intensity as compared with wavenumber.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 17-25
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  • 24
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    An infrared survey of RW Aurigae stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An infrared photometric survey of 89 RW Aur type variables in both hemispheres has been made. JHKL magnitudes and colors are listed. The RW Aur variables include a small number of highly reddened late-type stars. All T Tauri and hot Orion population stars show infrared excesses and the infrared properties mark certain field stars as being young. The greatest infrared excesses are found for A and F stars while young variable B stars usually show no excesses. The location of the RW Aur stars in the two-color H-K, K-L diagram favor dust re-radiation over free-free emission as the mechanism responsible for the infrared excess. A weak correlation of H-K with emission class links the occurrence of circumstellar dust and gas shells.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Royal Astronomical Society; vol. 167
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  • 25
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    Infrared observations of Comet Kohoutek /1973f/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Comet Kohoutek has been observed at wavelengths between 1.25 and 12.5 microns before and after perihelion passage extending to comet-sun distances of 1 AU. The luminosity and the variation of brightness with comet-sun distance in the infrared are extraordinarily similar to those of Comet Ikeya-Seki (1965f). Apart from an apparent 'silicate' emission feature near 10 microns, the spectrum of the comet between 3.5 and 12.5 microns is close to that expected from emission by grey particles. Hotter particles and scattered sunlight produce the bulk of the 1.25- to 3.5-micron emission.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 26
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    0.9-18-micron photometry of the 14 CIT objects (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Infrared (0.9- to 18-micron) photometric magnitudes are tabulated for all 14 CIT objects as a group. NML Cyg, NML Tau, and IRC + 10216 are also included. Comparisons between the CIT sources and other infrared objects are briefly discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 79; Dec. 197
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  • 27
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    The C-12/C-13 ratio in comet Kohoutek /1973f/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results are presented for photoelectric scans of the C sub 2 1 to 0 band head at 4737 A at resolutions of 0.14 to 0.50 A in the comet Kohoutek. On the basis of medium-resolution scans and of one high-resolution scan two values are obtained for the C-12/C-13 ratio which are consistent within the experimental errors with the terrestrial values of C-12/C-13 equal to 89. The study also demonstrates the limitations imposed by NH2 blends.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 15
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  • 28
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    Observations of the 4.8-hour variations of Cygnus X-3 above 7 keV from the OSO-7 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results of observations made (during the period from June 30 to July 5, 1972) of Cyg X-3 with the UCSD OSO-7 X-ray telescope in the range from about 7 to 100 keV. The 4.8-hour variation was detected in the 6.6-21.2 keV range, and the ratio of high intensity to mean intensity was 1.52 plus or minus 0.16. In the 21.2-97.8 keV range no 4.8-hour variation in phase with the 6.6-21.2 keV variation could be detected, and the ratio at the phase of high intensity to the mean intensity was 0.6 plus or minus 0.4.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Sept. 15
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  • 29
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    The X-ray spectra of the Vela and Puppis supernova remnants and the shock-wave model of supernova remnants (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The structure and spectrum of the Vela and Puppis supernova remnants (SNRs) were observed in soft (0.1 to 1.5 keV) X rays from a rocket. The spectral data of both objects below 1.5 keV are consistent with thermal radiation from a hot plasma and are not consistent with a simple power-law function. Fitting the data to a Tucker-Koren model results in values of T = (4.3 plus or minus 0.3) x 1,000,000 K for Vela and T = (7 plus or minus 1) x 1,000,000 K for Puppis. The present data, earlier data from the Cygnus Loop, and results on Cas A and Tycho reported by others are considered within the context of a simple model in which X rays are thermally produced as a result of a shock wave expanding into the interstellar medium. X-ray data on the temperature, intrinsic diameter, and intrinsic luminosity of the five SNRs are used to compute the age, energy release, and initial interstellar density for each one. From measurements of X-ray absorption along the line of sight, and also from shock-wave model interpretations of temperature-diameter-luminosity relations, it is concluded that the average density of interstellar material is about 0.1 per cu cm between the sun and the nearest X-ray emitting SNR, Vela.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Sept. 15
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  • 30
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    Dust in the galactic center (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The strength of the 9.7 microns absorption band in the radiation from the galactic center is used to deduce a range of measures of the visual extinction from 20 to 400 magnitudes. A possible way of arriving at a unique value of the visual extinction consistent with variations in the wavelength dependence of extinction as a function of grain characteristics is indicated. The mass of silicates deduced from the 9.7 microns band appears to imply a gradient of metallicity towards the galactic center.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: ESRO H2 Regions and the Galactic Centre; p 221-225
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  • 31
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    New observations of H2 regions at 7.875, 15.5, 31.4, or 85 GHz (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations of about 36 regions are presented as a table of flux densities in one to four frequencies, and also as maps of selected regions, or as spectral displays. Comments are also made on most of the material, especially as it relates to previously published data in various frequencies including the infrared.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: ESRO H2 Regions and the Galactic Centre; p 103-110
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  • 32
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    High-resolution maps of H2 regions at far-infrared wavelengths (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The first successful flight of a balloon-borne 1-m telescope for far-infrared (40 micron) astronomy occurred on 4 February 1974 (UT), from Palestine, Texas. During 6 h at float altitude, the gyrostabilized telescope mapped the intensity of far-infrared radiation from the H 2 regions Ori A and W3 with a resolution of 1 prime. Partial maps of these regions were made with a resolution of 0.5 prime. These sources were resolved into several components, some of which were previously unknown. Observations of Mars were used for calibration.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: ESRO H2 Regions and the Galactic Centre; p 79-85
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    Investigation of SL 1115 X-ray telescope (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A polished Kanigen coated beryllium mirror to be used in a glancing incidence X-ray telescope was evaluated. X-ray photographs of the image of a standard high resolution test target were recorded at 8.34 A and the focal plane of the telescope was determined. Reflection efficiency data was obtained using proportional counters and sources at wavelengths of 8.34, 13.3, and 44 A. These data were compared with similar data taken with another metal mirror. The results of the comparison are that the mirror tested in this program shows better resolution and less scattering than the other mirror previously tested. This mirror was chosen as the flight mirror for the SL 1115 X-Ray Telescope to fly on a Skylark sounding rocket. Also, a position sensitive detector placed in the focal plane of the SL 1115 X-Ray Telescope (flight payload) was successfully calibrated using a 10 arc second point source and at wavelengths of 8.34, 13.3, 27, and 44 A.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-144075 , MCR-74-327
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  • 34
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    Photometer dewar system for NASA C141 airborne telescope (Kuiper Flying Observatory) (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design, calibration, and testing of a photometer to be used in an airborne telescope is described. A description of the cryogenics of the photometer is given, and photographs and blueprints of the photometer are included. The photometer is designed with a focal plane beam switching system so that the airplane telescope can be used in a normal optical mode at the bent Cassegrain focus and with the photometer operating in the pressurized cabin of the airplane. The concept was to produce a system which could be used in almost the same manner as ground based infrared photometers and dewars of the O'Brien Observatory at the University of Minnesota.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-145610
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  • 35
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    Astronomy research at the Aerospace Corporation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This report reviews the astronomy research carried out at The Aerospace Corporation during 1974. The report describes the activities of the San Fernando Observatory, the research in millimeter wave radio astronomy as well as the space astronomy research.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-145579 , SAMSO-TR-74-265 , AD-A004069 , TR-0075(9260-02)-4
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  • 36
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    Broadband optical and infrared observations of Seyfert galaxies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Royal Astronomical Society; vol. 169
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  • 37
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    Photography of comets 1973f /Kohoutek/ and 1974b /Bradfield/ at Mauna Kea Observatory (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Photographs of the comets Kohoutek and Bradfield were made at Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii in late 1973 and early 1974 using spectroscopic plates, black-and-white film, and color film. Examples of some photographs are reproduced. A catalog of all the photographs is given, showing the time and length of exposure, the comet-Earth distance, and the comet-Sun distance.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 38
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    Multiband photometry of Comets Kohoutek, Bennett, Bradfield, and Encke (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations of Comets Kohoutek (1973f), Bradfield (1974b), and P/Encke have been made at a number of wavelengths between 0.55 and 18 microns. The silicate feature first observed in Comet Bennett (1969i) seems to be a common characteristic of cometary material. The comas of these comets radiate infrared with an effective temperature higher than the black-body temperature at the given distance from the sun. The albedo of the dust particles is between 0.10 and 0.20. The particles in the coma and tail are small, but the particles in the anti-tail of Comet Kohoutek must be larger than about 10 microns diameter. The observations give an absolute upper limit to the diameter of Comet Kohoutek of 30 km. A consistent interpretation would indicate that Comets Kohoutek and Bradfield have nuclear diameters of 5 to 10 km, that Bennett was several times larger, and that P/Encke is 10 times smaller. The peculiar behavior of Bradfield showed that the coma of a single comet can abruptly change its dust composition.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 39
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    Visual and infrared observations of late-type supergiants in the southern sky (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Spectral types and photometry ranging from 0.4 to 18 microns are given for 54 late-type stars, including 21 supergiants. The infrared observations of the supergiants confirm the dependence of the strength of the 10-micron silicate emission feature on the spectral type and luminosity class of the star. The long-wavelength data are also used to determine the interstellar extinction by fitting an appropriate blackbody to the infrared observations. The deviation from the blackbody at the shorter wavelengths is then attributed to interstellar absorption and absorption by TiO. This method is particularly useful when the short-wavelength photometry is contaminated by a close companion. The M supergiant AH Sco has excess radiation between 1.5 and 8 microns similar to the NML Tauri-type infrared stars. This excess energy resembles free-free emission.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 15
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  • 40
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    Electronic magnification for astronomical camera tubes (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Definitions, test schemes, and analyses used to provide variable magnification in the image section of the television sensor for large space telescopes are outlined. Experimental results show a definite form of magnetic field distribution is necessary to achieve magnification in the range 3X to 4X. Coil systems to establish the required field shapes were built, and both image intensifiers and camera tubes were operated at high magnification. The experiments confirm that such operation is practical and can provide satisfactory image quality. The main problem with such a system was identified as heating of the photocathode due to concentration of coil power dissipation in that vicinity. Suggestions for overcoming this disadvantage are included.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-143827
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  • 41
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    The theory of Enceladus and Dione: An application of computerized algebra in dynamical astronomy (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A theory of Saturn's satellites Enceladus and Dione is discussed which is literal (all constants of integration appear explicitly), canonically invariant (the Hori-Lie method is used), and which correctly handles the eccentricity-type resonance between the two satellites. Algebraic manipulations are designed to be performed using the TRIGMAN formula manipulation language, and computer programs were developed so that, with minor modifications, they can be used on the Mimas-Tethys and Titan-Hyperion systems.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-142980
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  • 42
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    Digicon photometry of an intergalactic bridge (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Surface brightness and color data are derived for two points in the bridge and tail structure of Arp 295. The best observed point has a surface brightness in V of 25.9 magnitudes per square arc second and (B-V) = +1.00 m. A point on the tail is brighter with the same color.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomical Society of the Pacific; vol. 86
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  • 43
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    High resolution spectrophotometry of selected features in the 1.1 micron spectrum of Comet Kohoutek /1973f/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Fabry-Perot interferometry of Comet Kohoutek (1973f) at 1.1 microns with a resolution of 1.2 A showed emission features identified as OH and CN lines in addition to a strong Fraunhofer continuum. Central intensities have been derived for three cases (uniform, Gaussian, and Gaussian plus inverse-rho law) of brightness profiles in the comet coma. Limits for CH4, H2O, HeI, SiI and CrI are also derived.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Icarus; 23; Nov. 197
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  • 44
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    15.5-GHz flux-density measurements of variable radio sources (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Measurements of the 15.5-GHz flux-density variation of 32 extragalactic radio sources are reported. The observations extend from 1969.0 to 1973.0 and were made with the 120-ft antenna of the NEROC Haystack Observatory.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 79; Nov. 197
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  • 45
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    Four-Stokes-parameter radiofrequency polarimetry of a flare from AD Leonis (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations of the four Stokes parameters of a 430-MHz flare from the UV Ceti-type star AD Leo are presented. The maximum amplitude of the event was 0.52 flux units, and the durations at one-half and one-tenth maximum were 12 and 40 sec, respectively. The degree of circular polarization at maximum intensity was approximately 56% and was later observed to be as high as 92%. Linear polarization was also observed at a level of about 21% at flare maximum which allowed an upper limit of 440 radians/sq m to be placed on the rotation measure.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Nov. 15
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  • 46
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    Detection of new celestial objects at far-infrared wavelengths (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: During a high-altitude balloon flight, sources of far-infrared radiation have been detected with apparent fluxes greater than or about equal to 3 pW/sq cm in the spectral band from 50 to 500 microns. While the sources are not uniquely identifiable with any well-known class of celestial objects, two associations should be noted. Many of the objects lie close to local stars; there is also a tendency to cluster around the ecliptic plane. Alternatively, a new class of celestial objects may have been observed.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Nov. 15
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  • 47
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    Rocket-ultraviolet spectra of kappa, lambda, tau, and upsilon Scorpii (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The present work describes high- and low-resolution rocket-ultraviolet spectra of kappa, lambda, tau, and upsilon Scorpii obtained in the range from 1160 to 1880 A. The Si IV resonance lines in tau Sco show asymmetries indicating outward mass motions of up to about 400 km/sec. The suitability of some of the lines observed for indication of luminosity or temperature is discussed. It is pointed out that the intrinsic strength and large changes of the lines of Si III and C IV may permit a more accurate spectral classification of stars between B0 and B3 than has been demonstrated in this same spectral type region using visible spectra.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Nov. 15
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  • 48
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    Upper limit to the X-ray flux from the supernova in NGC 5253 above 7 keV from the OSO-7 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 49
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    On the nature of faint blue objects in high galactic latitudes. III - A spectroscopic search for quasars in four survey fields (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 50
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    Optical spectra and redshifts of 4C quasi-stellar radio sources (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 51
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    Observations of the Orion nebula at 100 microns (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Orion nebula spectrum was obtained using an airborne cooled grating spectrometer in the spectral range from 80 to 125 microns at a resolution of 8 microns. The spectrum, corrected for instrument profile and atmospheric water vapor absorption, could be fit by the 60 and 100 K black body curves. The results are in good agreement with those of Erickson et al. (1973) and are consistent with a thermal emission spectrum produced by cool interstellar grains radiating at a wavelength much longer than the grain size.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Nature; 252; Nov. 1
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  • 52
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    Infrared, radio, and X-ray observations of Cygnus X-3 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Infrared observations of Cyg X-3 are presented along with X-ray and radio data. A study of the data shows evidence for several types of behavior in the infrared flux variations of Cyg X-3. It is pointed out that a lack of periodic variations observed can be due either to a real absence of these variations or to a masking by an outburst preceding the observation time. There is no simple radio-infrared correlation, although both radio and infrared emissions were observed during the same period of time.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Sept. 15
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  • 53
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    A new measurement of the Her X-1 X-ray pulse profile (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A triple peaked 1.24 sec. pulse profile in a 1-minute rocket borne exposure to Her X-1 was measured, in contrast to the doublepeaked profiles expected from models which maximize the X ray emission at the magnetic equator of an accreting neutron star. The profile exhibits statistically significant energy dependence, with the emission approximately greater than 12 keV having narrower peaks which lag (by approximately 5% of the pulse period) the corresponding peaks at lower energies. Approximately one third of the total emission from the source is nonpulsed.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70578 , X-661-74-11
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  • 54
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    Sky survey at far infrared wavelengths using a balloon-borne telescope (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Localized sources of far infrared radiation (approximately 50 microns) have been detected during a high altitude balloon flight with a 40 cm telescope and silicon detectors. The flight system is described and preliminary results are presented. A large area of the sky has been scanned for localized sources of far infrared radiation, using a balloon-borne system that was sensitive to wavelengths beyond about 55 microns. Two Molectron silicon bolometers were used, with a Newtonian telescope having a 40 cm primary. The telescope was driven in azimuth at a fixed elevation; this mode of scanning was carried out for the duration of each of two balloon flights. The flight system is described.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 151-155
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  • 55
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    The Liege-balloon program (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Liege-balloon program is intended to make high-spectral resolution observations of the sun in the near- and intermediate infrared regions not accessible from the ground. A description of the equipment, followed by a summary of the data obtained till now is presented. Except for ozone whose maximum of concentration lies near 25 Km altitude, the residual mass distribution of the other mentioned molecules decreases with altitude. This is a self-explanatory argument for carrying out spectroscopic observations from platforms transcending the densest layers of the earth's atmosphere. The Liege balloon equipment is primarily intended for very high-resolution solar observations from about 27-30 Km altitude, in all spectral regions between 1.5 and 15.0 microns, not accessible from the ground.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 26-37
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  • 56
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    Stellar content of the nuclei of elliptical galaxies determined from 2.3 micron CO band strengths (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations of the luminosity sensitive CO absorption band at 2.3 micron are presented for the nuclei of 16 epsilon and SO galaxies. Preliminary data on the radial variation of the CO index in 6 galaxies are also given. The data show that the 2-u radiation from the nuclei is dominated by high luminosity stars of integrated spectral type later than K5. There is only a small variation in the CO absorption from galaxy to galaxy, and only a slight variation with measuring aperture size from 17.5 in. to 59 in. The data can be used to synthesize stellar populations for elliptical galaxy nuclei.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-140859
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    Astrometric observations of Saturn's satellites from McDonald Observatory, 1972 (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations of Saturn's satellites were reduced by means of secondary reference stars obtained by reduction of Palomar Sky Survey (PSS) plates. This involved the use of 39 SAO stars and plate overlap technique to determine the coordinates of 59 fainter stars in the satellite field. Fourteen plate constants were determined for each of the two PSS plates. Comparison of two plate measurement and reduction techniques on the satellite measurements demonstrate the existence of a serious background gradient effect and the utility of microdensitometry to eliminate this error source in positional determinations of close satellites.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-142555
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    Image dissector control and data system, part 1 (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A general description of the image dissector control and data system is presented along with detailed design information, operating instructions, and maintenance and trouble-shooting procedures for the four instrumentation packages. The four instrumentation packages include a 90 inch telescope, a simplified telescope module for use on the 90 inch or other telescopes, a photographic plate scanner module which permits the scanning of astronomical photographic plates in the laboratory, and the lunar experiment package module.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-142350 , A-74-9
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  • 59
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    MSFC Skylab ground-based astronomy program (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Skylab Ground-Based Astronomy Program (SGAP) was conducted to enhance the data base of solar physics obtained during the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) mission flown in conjunction with the Skylab orbital station. Leading solar physicists from various observatories obtained data from the ground at the same time that orbital data were being acquired by ATM. The acquisition of corollary solar data from the ground simultaneously with the ATM orbital observations helped to provide a broader basis for understanding solar physics by increasing spectral coverage and by the use of additional sophisticated instruments of various types. This report briefly describes the individual tasks and the associated instrumentation selected for this ground-based program and contains as appendices, the final reports from the Principal Investigators.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-64882
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  • 60
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    A simple interpretation of the 'rolling motions' (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The rolling motion phenomenon is interpreted as an apparent motion in the observations. It is caused by (1) the combined effect of the differential rotation and the bending of the galactic plane for the spiral arms beyond the solar circle, or (2) the displacement of the spiral arms from the central galactic plane for those within the solar circle.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Galactic radio astronomy; Symposium, Maroochydore; Sep 03, 1973 - Sep 07, 1973; Queensland; Australia
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  • 61
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    Small astronomy satellite-A, Uhuru data analysis (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Objectives were to conduct observations with the first satellite entirely devoted to X-ray astronomy and to analyze the results obtained. A catalog of X-ray sources was generated, and results of discoveries and further detailed observations of sources were presented in scientific journals and meetings. A list of how objectives were met, a brief description of the instrument, significant results, the X-ray catalog, and a complete bibliography of results are included.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-144660 , ASE-3654
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  • 62
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    Polarization of Venus: Observations of short-term quasi-periodic variations (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Observations of the short period variations in ultraviolet polarization and carbon dioxide line intensity for the atmosphere of the planet Venus are discussed. Theoretical polarization-phase curves for the integrated disk of Venus are developed. The amplitude of the short-term variation in the polarization as a function of wavelength is analyzed. Curves are developed to show the relationship between percent polarization and phase angle for various wavelengths.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-142115 , Conf. on the Atmosphere of Venus; Oct 15, 1974 - Oct 17, 1974; NY; United States
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    Airborne infrared astronomy telescope (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Description of a 91.5-cm (36-in.) airborne infrared telescope installed in a C141A StarLifter as a national IR observatory. The telescope system is mounted in a specially constructed cavity located just ahead of the leading edge of the wing. All controls and ancillary systems are located in consoles and racks mounted aft of the telescope. The telescope is a conventional Cassegrain design which can be used either directly with the focal point behind the primary mirror or in a folded configuration by inserting a tertiary mirror following the secondary which folds the optical path through the support bearing into the aircraft cabin area. The telescope system is designed to operate at all ambient conditions from sea level to 15,200 m. The system is optimized for operation at ambient temperatures experienced at 13,000 to 15,000 m (220 K). The entire telescope assembly with the exception of noncritical covers and brackets is constructed of Invar-type material to minimize the effects of thermal distortions. Pointing accuracy and stability of the telescope with respect to the target are achieved through multiple stages of stabilization and vibration isolation equipment.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Instrumentation in astronomy II; Seminar-in-Depth; Mar 04, 1974 - Mar 06, 1974; Tucson, AZ
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    Large Space Telescope /LST/ observational capability of the solar system (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A system study has been conducted to determine performance capability to make observations of members of the Solar System using the Large Space Telescope (LST), which was primarily conceived for stellar observations. The study identified the LST capabilities for viewing opportunities considering the LST orbit location, ability to measure available flux at the input to the science instruments and the amount and rate of travel of the telescope line-of-sight (LOS) needed to follow members of the solar system for integrated measurements. The study results show the LST system to have good capability for the collection of solar system data with small additional equipment requirements to the stellar observational application.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Instrumentation in astronomy II; Seminar-in-Depth; Mar 04, 1974 - Mar 06, 1974; Tucson, AZ
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    ANS hard X-ray experiment development program (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The hard X-ray (HXX) experiment is one of three experiments included in the Dutch Astronomical Netherlands Satellite, which was launched into orbit on 30 August 1974. The overall objective of the HXX experiment is the detailed study of the emission from known X-ray sources over the energy range 1.5-30keV. The instrument is capable of the following measurements: (1) spectral content over the full energy range with an energy resolution of approximately 20% and time resolution down to 4 seconds; (2) source time variability down to 4 milliseconds; (3) silicon emission lines at 1.86 and 2.00keV; (4) source location to a limit of one arc minute in ecliptic latitude; and (5) spatial structure with angular resolution of the arc minutes. Scientific aspects of experiment, engineering design and implementation of the experiment, and program history are included.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-143724 , ASE-3604
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    A comparison of lyman alpha and He lambda 10830 line structures and variations in early-type star atmospheres (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Line profiles were first obtained at maximum velocity separation of the spectroscopic binary Spica (alpha Vir), and then high resolution spectrophotometric images of selected features in the 1.1 micron spectrum of Comet Kohoutek were obtained in order to gain insight into the structures and variations in early-type star atmospheres.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-140572
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    Some astronomical applications for precision high-speed computer interfaced microdensitometry (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A representative system description is given and applications of the system to spectral analysis are considered. Applications of the system are related to stellar photometry, astrometry, interferogram analysis, surface brightness photometry, spatial filtering and image enhancement, and aspects of search and detection.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Instrumentation in astronomy II; Seminar-in-Depth; Mar 04, 1974 - Mar 06, 1974; Tucson, AZ
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  • 68
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    The narrow-angle telescope for the visual imaging subsystem of the Mariner-Venus/Mercury /1973/ spacecraft (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Instrumentation in astronomy II; Seminar-in-Depth; Mar 04, 1974 - Mar 06, 1974; Tucson, AZ
    Format: text
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  • 69
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    A stabilized large-aperture far-infrared telescope gondola (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Description of a recently developed balloon-borne 1-m far-infrared telescope designed to carry out astronomical observations and to map radiation from selected areas of the sky. The telescope optical system consists of a conventional Cassegrain arrangement with an f/2 aluminum primary mirror, spherically figured, which feeds a pyrex secondary mirror to produce an f/13.8 beam at the focal plane with a scale of 15.2 arc sec/mm. Three focal planes are provided. The infrared detectors consist of an array of four gallium-doped germanium bolometers fitted within a two-liter helium dewar. An altitude-azimuth mount design is used for attitude control, with the pointing objectives being achieved in two steps. The azimuth control system is capable of operation in a position mode, in which the sensing element is a servo-driven null magnetometer always pointed north, and in an inertial mode, in which the gyro is uncaged and becomes the azimuth reference. The elevation system also operates in both position and inertial modes. An auxiliary position control, powered by an independent battery and controlled by a separate tone command system, is provided in case of a primary system difficulty.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Instrumentation in astronomy II; Seminar-in-Depth; Mar 04, 1974 - Mar 06, 1974; Tucson, AZ
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  • 70
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    Enhancement of ground based astronomical photographs by digital image processing (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Instrumentation in astronomy II; Seminar-in-Depth; Mar 04, 1974 - Mar 06, 1974; Tucson, AZ
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  • 71
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    Electrographic observations of extended objects. II - The peculiar galaxies NGC 523 and NGC 1614 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Electrographic analysis of two highly irregular galaxies, NGC 523 and NGC 1614 using a two dimensional detector with linear response and large information storage, dynamic range, and number of resolution elements is presented. The observation procedure is described, and analysis of the two systems is carried out. Data are graphically represented. The validity of electrographic observation of irregular extragalactic objects is underscored.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Electrography and astronomical applications; Conference; Mar 11, 1974 - Mar 12, 1974; Austin, TX
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  • 72
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    Many-particle theory of nuclear systems with application to neutron star matter (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The energy-density relation was calculated for pure neutron matter in the density range relevant for neutron stars, using four different hard-core potentials. Calculations are also presented of the properties of the superfluid state of the neutron component, along with the superconducting state of the proton component and the effects of polarization in neutron star matter.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-141012
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  • 73
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    Microwave and infrared observations of molecular spectra in Comet Kohoutek (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Transitions of the possible parent molecules H2O, NH3, CH3OH, and N2O as well as the OH radical were searched for in Comet Kohoutek (1973f) in the frequency range 22.2-25.2 GHz. These molecules were not detected but the upper limits for the optical depth, mean column density, and the production rate are derived for each of the molecules. These results are discussed and compared with the reported detections of HCN and CH3CN emission and OH absorption.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-140955
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  • 74
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    A New Wideband, Fully Steerable, Decametric Array at Clark Lake (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: A fully steerable, decametric array for radio astronomy is under construction at the Clark Lake Radio Observatory near Borrego Springs, California. This array will be a T of 720 conical spiral antennas (teepee-shaped antennas, hence the array is called the TPT), 3.0 km by 1.8 km capable of operating between 15 and 125 MHz. Both its operating frequency and beam position will be adjustable in less than one millisecond, and the TPT will provide a 49-element picture around the central beam position for extended source observations. Considerable experience was gained in the operation of completed portions of the array, and successful operation of the final array is assured. The results are described of the tests which were conducted with the conical spirals, and the planned electronics and data processing systems are described.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-141187
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  • 75
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    Optical image of a cometary nucleus: 1980 flyby of Comet Encke (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The feasibility was investigated of obtaining optical images of a cometary nucleus via a flyby of Comet Encke. A physical model of the dust cloud surrounding the nucleus was developed by using available physical data and theoretical knowledge of cometary physics. Using this model and a Mie scattering code, calculations were made of the absolute surface brightness of the dust in the line of sight of the on-board camera and the relative surface brightness of the dust compared to the nucleus. The brightness was calculated as a function of heliocentric distance and for different phase angles (sun-comet-spacecraft angle).
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-139177 , LMSC-D430482
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  • 76
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    Hydrodynamic models of a cepheid atmosphere (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A method for including the solution of the transfer equation in a standard Henyey type hydrodynamic code was developed. This modified Henyey method was used in an implicit hydrodynamic code to compute deep envelope models of a classical Cepheid with a period of 12(d) including radiative transfer effects in the optically thin zones. It was found that the velocity gradients in the atmosphere are not responsible for the large microturbulent velocities observed in Cepheids but may be responsible for the occurrence of supersonic microturbulence. It was found that the splitting of the cores of the strong lines is due to shock induced temperature inversions in the line forming region. The adopted light, color, and velocity curves were used to study three methods frequently used to determine the mean radii of Cepheids. It is concluded that an accuracy of 10% is possible only if high quality observations are used.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70803 , X-671-74-336
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  • 77
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    Time dependent emission line profiles in the radially streaming particle model of Seyfert galaxy nuclei and quasi-stellar objects (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The radially-streaming particle model for broad quasar and Seyfert galaxy emission features is modified to include sources of time dependence. The results are suggestive of reported observations of multiple components, variability, and transient features in the wings of Seyfert and quasi-stellar emission lines.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-141299
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  • 78
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    What is special about Cygnus X-1? (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The X-ray evidence from several experiments is reviewed, with special emphasis on those characteristics which appear to distinguish Cygnus X-1 from other compact X-ray emitting objects. Data are examined within the context of a model in which millisecond bursts are superposed upon shot-noise fluctuations arising from events of durations on the order of a second. Possible spectral-temporal correlations are investigated which provide additional evidence that Cygnus X-1 is very likely a black hole.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70791 , X-661-74-3
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  • 79
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    A balloon-borne 1 meter telescope for far-infrared astronomy (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The flight of a balloon-borne one-meter telescope for infrared astronomy in the wavelength interval of 40 to 240 microns is discussed. The gyro-stabilized telescope mapped the intensity of the far infrared radiation from NGC 7538, Mars, the Orion Nebula, and W3 with a resolution of one minute and from selected regions of these sources with a resolution of 30 seconds. The infrared detection is described and its capabilities are analyzed. The instrumentation, orientation system, and modes of observation of the telescope are defined.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 38-50
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  • 80
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    Photoelectric spectrophotometry of Wolf-Rayet stars (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Photoelectric spectrum scans of five southern Wolf-Rayet stars in the spectral range lambda lambda 4600-4720 were analyzed to study the variability of brightness and of emission line strengths. No variations of any kind in short time scale were found. However, in WC stars night-to-night variations of three to four percent were detected in the emission line strengths.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-140743
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  • 81
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    Helium emission in the spectrum of Kappa Canis Majoris (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Coude spectra of kappa CMa in the red region showed H alpha and He 1 lambda lambda 5876,6678 in emission. Each of the lines had two emission components, but the helium lines had no detectable absorption feature in between. While the H alpha emission peaks were separated by 160 km/sec, the helium lines were separated by 400 km/sec. A simple model is proposed to account for the behavior of these emission lines.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-140657
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  • 82
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    Rapid variations of balmer line strengths in the spectra of Be stars (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Low resolution photoelectric spectrophotometric measurements of the first four members of the Balmer series in the spectra of one Be and five Be (shell) stars were obtained with the 92-cm telescope and image dissecting scanner. Equivalent widths were computed for each observation, and their standard deviations from the mean values were examined. Results indicate that in three of the program stars, at least one of the Balmer lines shows significant fluctuations in equivalent width. These fluctuations amount to a few per cent of total line strength and the time scales appear to be on the order of three to thirty minutes. The fluctuations are not always present in a given star, indicating that the mechanism producing them may not be continuous. The noncontinuous and nonperiodic nature of the variations, along with their short time scale suggest some form of flare-like or shock origin for the phenomenon.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-140812
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  • 83
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    Thermal conductivity of comets (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A value is described for the thermal conductivity of the frost layer and for the water-ice solid debris mixture. The value of the porous structure is discussed as a function of depth only. Graphs show thermal conductivity as a function of depth and temperature at constant porosity and density.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-120524
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  • 84
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    Lear jet telescope system (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The telescope system was designed as a multi-user facility for observations of celestial objects at infrared wavelengths, where ground-based observations are difficult or impossible due to the effects of telluric atmospheric absorption. The telescope is mounted in a Lear jet model 24B which typically permits 70 min. of observing per flight at altitudes in excess of 45,000 ft (13 km). Telescope system installation is discussed, along with appropriate setup and adjustment procedures. Operation of the guidance system is also explained, and checklists are provided which pertain to the recommended safe operating and in-flight trouble-shooting procedures for the equipment.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62389
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  • 85
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    Results from computer program for analyzing scattered light suppression systems for large space telescope (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A computer program was developed which has the ability to analyze the performance of most light suppression systems so as to predict the amount of scattered light which will reach the image plane for various conditions of unwanted light input from the sun, earth, or moon. This program was used to analyze three different configurations of the large space telescope (LST): an LST with a truncated sunshield, an LST with an extended cylindrical sunshield, and an LST with a conical sunshield which is tilted upwards. The computer program gives the user detailed information as to the paths taken by the unwanted stray light to reach the image plane, and pinpoints those portions of the light suppression system which contribute most of the stray light, so that areas requiring improvements are evident. Certain design guide lines were formulated for any light suppression system selected for the LST, and one which meets these requirements (the tilted sunshade) is described in detail.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-120530 , T-74-2
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  • 86
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    Application of digital computer techniques to rectification and enhancement of astronomical images (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An image processing program is reported to analyze the high resolution images obtained by the balloon borne 36 in. diameter stratoscope 2 telescope. A film recording device is described which is capable of converting numerical data from the computer into photographic images.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-140701
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  • 87
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    Absolute spectrophotometry in M31 and M32 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: For a number of places in the bulge of M31 and for two places in M32 photometric scans from 3300 A to 10,600 A have been obtained with the multichannel spectrometer on the 5-meter Hale telescope. The scans show that in both objects the color temperature (particularly shortwards of 5000 A) decreases towards the center and that the strength of the CN bands increases towards the center in both objects in agreement with earlier observations. The new data can all be interpreted in terms of an increase of heavy element abundance towards the center in both objects by a factor probably less than 2 and by an excess of heavy elements in M31 compared to M32 by a factor probably greater than 2, in qualitative agreement with earlier conclusions.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-140683
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  • 88
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    High angular resolution and position determinations by infrared interferometry (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Interferometer systems are described in the form of publications and reports. 'Distance Meter Helps Track the Stars', 'Berkeley Heterodyne Interferometer', 'Infrared Heterodyne Spectroscopy of CO2 on Mars', and 'A 10 micron Heterodyne Stellar Interferometer' are papers reported.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-140670
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  • 89
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    Modern sampled-data control theory: Design of the Large Space Telescope (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This investigation was undertaken to determine the effect of varying the sampling period on the dynamic response of the sampled-data Large Space Telescope (LST) system. A range of sampling periods was recommended based on the criterion that self-sustained oscillations are to be avoided in the LST system. The step responses of the LST system were then investigated when various sampling periods are used. For small sampling periods, the dynamic behavior of the sampled-data system is very similar to that of the continuous-data system. When T is large (but less than 0.25 sec) the overshoot of the step response of the sampled-data becomes greater. However, the dynamic behavior of the sampled-data system may be improved by redesigning the controller. It appears that a sampling period as high as 0.1 second is feasible for the LST system. However, it should be noted that the conclusions are obtained with the existing system model. Other practical considerations such as noise, coupling effects and quantization errors, may restrict the sampling period to a lower value.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-2457
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  • 90
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    Skylab observations of Comet Kohoutek (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: This paper summarizes the special operational procedures developed to observe the Comet Kohoutek from Skylab and the scientific results from these observations. Emphasis is placed on results from Skylab experiments S052, White Light Coronagraph; S201, Far UV Electronographic Camera; S233, Kohoutek Photometric Photography; S019, UV Stellar Astronomy; S183, Ultraviolet Panorama Telescope; and S082B, Ultraviolet Spectrography. Visual observations by the astronaut crew and the significance of these observations are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 74-1248
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  • 91
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    Lyman-alpha imagery of comet Kohoutek, and far-UV magnitudes of stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The Apollo-16 S201 electronographic camera backup model was modified for use on the Skylab AMS-SAL, which reduced its 20 deg FOV to about 7 deg unvignetted. Over 500 frames were exposed by automatic sequencer through LiF and CaF2. The Lyman-alpha halo of comet Kohoutek has been analyzed for nine occasions, and its long, pointed tail was imaged in 1250-1600 A only near perihelion. Far-UV magnitudes and colors are being derived for about 200 stars, nebulae, and galaxies. Redshifted Lyman-alpha emission from intergalactic atomic hydrogen was not detected in 7 clusters of galaxies. About 25% of the exposed frames were degraded by water damage, electrical discharges, decline in photocathode sensitivity, and loss of AMS mirror reflectance.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 74-1247
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  • 92
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    Infrared observations of the planets (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The planetary observations presented are divided into three parts: (1) infrared photometry at all wavelengths accessible from the ground; (2) high resolution infrared mapping of Jupiter with special emphasis at 5 microns; and (3) extensive infrared observations of Comet Kohoutek. Results are briefly summarized.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-141288
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  • 93
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    Electronographic photometry of extended objects. I - Reduction procedures (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Attention is given to the reduction of electronographic camera images obtained with the aid of the Kron camera. A description is given of the equipment used to digitize the plate material. The response of the camera-emulsion-microdensitometer system is discussed along with present system performance figures. An outline is presented of existing and future computer reduction techniques.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Electrography and astronomical applications; Conference; Mar 11, 1974 - Mar 12, 1974; Austin, TX
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  • 94
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    The Automated Astronomic Positioning System (AAPS) (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Two prototype systems of The Automated Astronomic Positioning System (AAPS) have been delivered to Defense Mapping Agency (DMA). The AAPS was developed to automate and expedite the determination of astronomic positions (latitude and longitude). This equipment is capable of defining astronomic positions to an accuracy sigma = 0.3 in each component within a two hour span of stellar observations which are acquired automatically. The basic concept acquires observations by timing stellar images as they cross a series of slits, comparing these observations to a stored star catalogue, and automatically deducing position and accuracy by least squares using pre-set convergence criteria. An exhaustive DMA operational test program has been initiated to evaluate the capabilities of the AAPS in a variety of environments (both climatic and positional). Status of the operational test is discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Proc. of the 5th Ann. NASA and DOD Precise Time and Time Interval Planning Meeting; p 75-93
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  • 95
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    Effect of polarization on superfluidity in low density neutron matter (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It is shown that, contrary to an earlier estimate, the polarizability of the neutron medium tends to suppress rather than enhance the isotropic energy gap in low-density neutron-star matter.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-145847
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  • 96
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    Celescope catalog of ultraviolet stellar observations. Magnetic tape version (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observational results obtained by the celescope experiment during the first 16 months of operation of NASA's Orbiting Astronomical Observatory are presented. Results of the stellar observations are listed along with selected ground-based information obtained from the available literature.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-136750 , SAO-SPECIAL-REPT-350
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  • 97
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    Data user's notes of the radio astronomy experiment aboard the OGO-V spacecraft (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: General information concerning the low-frequency radiometer, instrument package launching and operation, and scientific objectives of the flight are provided. Calibration curves and correction factors, with general and detailed information on the preflight calibration procedure are included. The data acquisition methods and the format of the data reduction, both on 35 mm film and on incremental computer plots, are described.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-143696 , UM/RAO-70-3
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