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  • Articles  (27)
  • Zea mays
  • Animals
  • Chemical Engineering
  • 1980-1984  (27)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (27)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass selection for improved cold and density tolerance of two maize populations (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 263-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize ; natural selection ; cold tolerance ; density tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Data of planting and plant density are two cultural practices influencing grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Our study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of a mass selection scheme to improve cold and density tolerance of the BS2 and BS3 maize populations. Populations were planted at an early planting date and a high plant density, and three cycles of mass selection for well-filled ears on erect plants were conducted at earch of three Corn Belt locations (i.e., Waseca, MN; Ames, IA; Portageville, MO). Results showed that selection improved cold tolerance traits of BS3, but not of BS2. Mass selection did not increase density tolerance of either population at any location. Selection did not improve response to planting dates, although the early planting date did improve agronomic performance and grain yield of all entries. We concluded that mass selection at high plant densities and early planting dates at diverse geographical locations did not produce cycles adapted to specific environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022775
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sugar characteristics of sweet corn populations from a sugary enhancer breeding program (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 609-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize ; sweet corn ; vegetable breeding ; sorbitol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Endosperm sugars and sorbitol were determined on 18 sweet corn (Zea mays L.) populations from a breeding program undertaken to transfer the sugary enhacer (se) gene into diverse sugary (su) backgrounds. Three subpopulations of IL677a, the source of se, and six su Se inbreds were included for comparison. Mature dry kernels of between two and four successive generations of these populations were analyzed. Immature kernels at two developmental stages (21 and 35 days after pollination) were also analyzed for one generation. Eleven of the breeding populations closely resemble IL677a, with high sucrose at the edible stage (21 days after pollination) and maltose accumulating as the seeds matured. In most instances, the distinctive sugar profiles were observed consistently in dry seeds of various generations. Hence, it appears that the se trait can be transferred successfully into su cultivars having various genetic backgrounds. The remaining seven breeding populations possessed elevated sucrose and glucose compared to most of the standard su Se inbreds, but maltose did not accumulate during seed maturation. It is not clear whether se was transferred to these populations and its expression modified or whether another trait was responsible. There were also marked differences in glucose levels among the su Se populations examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021889
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of parents and planting dates on R-nj expression in maize (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 577-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize ; anthocyanin ; aleurone pigmentation ; diallel cross ; maternal effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two sets of diallel crosses and a study using the cultivar Cudu were conducted to determine the extent to which the expression of the R-nj allele for purple aleurone pigmentation was influenced by the color level of the pollen parent, planting date, and the maternal genotype. Neither planting date nor color level of the pollen parent substantially modified relative color expression among hybrids. Maternal parent genotype primarily determined color expression. The data indicated that R-nj color differences did not differ among reciprocal crosses used as female parents. Expression of R-nj appeared to be modified by many loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021159
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of soil compaction on root growth and uptake of phosphorus (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 15-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Annual ryegrass ; Lolium rigidum ; Maize Penetrometer resistance32P33P ; Phosphorus uptake ; Soil aeration ; Soil compaction ; Root growth ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Zea mays L. andLolium rigidum Gaud. were grown for 18 and 33 days respectively in pots containing three layers of soil each weighing 1 kg. The top and bottom layers were 100 mm deep and they had a bulk density of 1200 kg m−3, while the central layer of soil was compacted to one of 12 bulk densities between 1200 and 1750 kg m−3. The soil was labelled with32P and33P so that the contribution of the different layers of soil to the phosphorus content of the plant tops could be determined. Soil water potential was maintained between −20 and −100 kPa. Total dry weight of the plant tops and total root length were slightly affected by compaction of the soil, but root distribution was greatly altered. Compaction decreased root length in the compacted soil but increased root length in the overlying soil. Where bulk density was 1550 kg m−3, root length in the compacted soil was about 0.5 of the maximum. At that density, the penetrometer resistance of the soil was 1.25 and 5.0 MPa and air porosity was 0.05 and 0.14 at water potentials of −20 and −100 kPa respectively, and daytime oxygen concentrations in the soil atmosphere at time of harvest were about 0.1 m3m−3. Roots failed to grow completely through the compacted layer of soil at bulk densities ≥ 1550 kg m−3. No differences were detected in the abilities of the two species to penetrate compacted soil. Ryegrass absorbed about twice as much phosphorus from uncompacted soil per unit length of root as did maize. Uptake of phosphorus from each layer of soil was related to the length of root in that layer, but differences in uptake between layers existed. Phosphorus uptake per unit length of root was higher from compacted than from uncompacted soil, particularly in the case of ryegrass at bulk densities of 1300–1500 kg m−3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182808
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Grain-fill characteristics of early maize strains selected for variable R-nj expression (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 839-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize ; aleurone ; anthocyanin ; correlated response ; endosperm ; kernel growth ; mass selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Grain-fill rates and durations were estimated for three early maize (Zea mays L.) strains developed by mass selection for variable R-nj aleurone color expression. Strains selected for high, random, and low color expression were evaluated for rate of dry matter accumulation (RDMA), effective filling period duration (EFPD), and lag period duration (LPD). Strains from cycles 3 and 4 were grown in 1980 and 1981, respectively, to test the hypothesis that selection for variable R-nj expression had changed rate and/or duration of grain-fill. Results indicated that while selection for high R-nj expression increased RDMA and decreased EFPD, low color selection reduced RDMA and increased EFPD. LPD was increased slightly by high color selection. The relationships of these characteristics to previously observed yield, stability, and ear moisture differences among these strains are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042165
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  • 6
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    The genetics of maize (Zea mays L.) growing at low temperatures. I. germination of inbred lines and their F1s (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 535-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize ; germination ; low temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two collections of inbred lines were divided into early (E), medium (M) and late (L) germinating lines, on the basis of days to germination under growth-cabinet conditions at 8°C and 6°C constant temperatures. Tolerance of low temperatures was found to be an heritable trait and characteristic of each inbred line. When the inbreds and F1s were tested at 6°C the single crosses of early germinating lines showed earlier germination than crosses between slow germinating lines. Thus the performance of F1s greatly depends on the parental lines used in the crosses. Differences observed in some of the reciprocal crosses were attributed to maternal effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021466
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    The genetics of maize (Zea mays L.) growing at low temperatures. II. Germination of inbred lines, F1 and further generations at fluctuating temperatures (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 791-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize germination ; weighted least squares procedure ; additive-dominance effect ; epistasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Some Cambridge and some USA inbred lines were used to determine the type of gene action involved in the germination of seeds at fluctuating temperatures. The Cavalli (1952) weighted least squares procedure was used to analyze the means of the parental, F1, F2 and the two backcross generations ie. B1 and B2. The additive-dominace model was found to be adequate for the Cambridge material, but was inadequate for several crosses involving the USA material, thus indicating the presence of G x E interaction or epistasis, with or without linkage. Overall, however, the parental lines used and the populations derived from them showed sufficient additive genetic variability to justify an effective selection programme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042160
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Varietal differences in physiological and biochemical responses to changes in the ionic environment (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 72 (1983), S. 245-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Armeria ecotypes ; Armeria maritima ; Maize ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Mannose ; Phosphate ; Sodium ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Experimental assessment of differences between cultivars of crop species or ecotypes of wild species from different localities in their capacities for ion absorption and transport is made difficult by the problem of obtaining seed material of comparable ionic content. When young seedlings are used this problem is particularly acute if the seeds of the different cultivars have not been raised under identical soil conditions. Propagation of material from ecotypes under controlled conditions is one approach to the solution of this problem. Six maize cultivars have been selected for similarity of phosphate content and the capacity for phosphate absorption from 5 μM KH2PO4 has been shown to vary by threefold whereas the proportion of the accumulated phosphate that reaches the shoot differs by much less. This level of phosphate supply approached that likely to induce deficiency and when the concentration is reduced to 1 μM differences in transport capacity of up to fourfold were observed when the rate of arrival at the tip of the first leaf was continuously monitored. The rapidity with which the transport is shut off by adding 1 mM D(+) mannose to the root environment also varies significantly indicating that sizeable differences in either the accumulation of mannose or the activity of phosphomannoisomerase exist in these cultivars. Ecotypes ofArmeria maritima collected from three sites, inland serpentine, inland mine dumps and coastal salt marsh were maintained as stock plants on the same peat mixture. Samples taken from these stocks were raised on a standard culture solution to provide genetically different material grown under constant conditions. The capacities for ion uptake were shown to differ very considerably and these differences were accentuated when the plants were grown in a range of concentrations of MgSO4, NaCl and MnSO4. The absorption of phosphate and its incorporation into nucleic acids were increased temporarily in the presence of 50 mM MgSO4 but the pattern of these changes was different in the three ecotypes. The absorption of Na, Cl, and Rb was measured after treatment with a range of concentrations of NaCl and the effect of treatment with MnSO4 on subsequent absorption of Mn and SO4 was also measured. The coastal plants were significantly more efficient in their absorption of these ions when treated at the lower levels of NaCl (0.5 and 10.0 mM). The short term absorption rates were not reflected in the overall accumulation of sodium over periods of 10 weeks and the coastal plants appeared to reduce the root content of sodium by transfer to the shoot and by increased active pumping to the exterior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181964
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    The response of maize radicle orientation to soil solution and soil atmosphere (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 27-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide ; Geotropism ; Maize ; Roots ; Soil aeration ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Earlier reports suggest that the orientation of larger roots of maize is to some extent determined by the soil environment, especially water content and texture. Experiments were performed to determine the direct effect of soil water potential, macronutrient concentration, and concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethylene and nitrous oxide on the plagiotropic orientation of maize radicles. Only carbon dioxide produced a large change, causing roots to orient less vertically downward. However, the concentration necessary to produce a large effect on root angle is greater than theoretical or observed values for aerobic soils. It is concluded that the radicle orientation of maize is not significantly influenced by chemical or atmospheric stimuli under field conditions, and that variations observed must be attributable to the effects of soil temperature16 or the effects of soil mechanical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374747
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  • 10
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    Variation in the expression of specificity in two maize diseases (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 269-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize ; Bipolaris maydis ; Colletotrichum graminicola ; quantitative disease resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ten inbred lines from the open-pollinated maize variety Jarvis were selected from 51 randomly collected lines to represent a wide range of susceptibility to one isolate each of Bipolaris maydis or Colletotrichum graminicola. Ten isolates of each pathogen were selected for a range of virulence on a maize line with average resistance. Resistance and virulence ratings were based on lengths of lesions that developed on leaves of greenhouse-grown seedlings inoculated with 5 μl droplets of suspensions of known spore concentrations. For each disease the ten maize lines were inoculated in all possible combinations with the ten pathogen isolates. The experiment was run six times with each pathogen. Analysis of variance for individual trials indicated a significant interaction between maize lines and B. maydis isolates in all six trials and between maize lines and C. graminicola isolates in four of six trials. For both diseases. the combined analysis over all six trials revealed no significant interaction. Apparently the expression of specificity in these host-pathogen interactions is variable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021640
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  • 11
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    Effect of compact sub-soil and water stress on shoot and root activity of corn (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in a growth chamber (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 291-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alfalfa ; Corn ; Root activity ; Shoot activity ; Shoot-root ratio ; Sub-soiling ; Water stress ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The soil, as a medium for plant growth, not only affects the development and activity of roots directly but it also affects the growth and yield of the above-ground parts by modifying the function of the roots. This investigation, conducted in a controlled environment chamber, however, suggests that more complicated responses to shoot-root development may occur when soil moisture characteristics are altered during wet and dry years by disturbing the compact sub-soil. Furthermore, the pattern of shoot-root development, as affected by compaction and water stress, differs in shallow-rooted and deep-rooted crops like corn (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) respectively. For example, at 15 cm depth of both the compact and loose soils, water matric potential values were higher for alfalfa as compared to corn, irrespective of the wet or dry year. The drier condition in the surface soil planted to corn was attributable to the higher transpiration of corn plants. On the other hand, as indicated by the water matric potential figures, the soil at a depth of 60 cm had a higher moisture content for corn than for alfalfa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183796
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  • 12
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    Response of maize toAzotobacter chroococcum (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 265-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azotobacter chroococcum ; Fertilizers ; Farmyard manure ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen fixation ; Potassium ; Phosphorus ; Yields of grain stover ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field trials were conducted during theKharif seasons of 1979 and 1980 to examine the effect of the nitrogen-fixing bacteriumAzotobacter chroococcum (isolate M4) on yields of maize and N-economy. Different levels of nitrogen and farmyard manure (FYM) were supplied to assess their interaction with Azotobacter inoculation. Seed inoculation without fertilization raised grain and stover yields significantly. FYM coupled with inoculation gave higher yields than either could singly. The financial gain due to an increase in grain yield upon applying per ha 80 kg N, 10×103 kg FYM and Azotobacter over the treatment 40N + FYM + Azotobacter was offset by the cost of the additional N; thus, the higher N-application was not economical. Azotobacter inoculation was economically most efficient at lower doses of fertilizer nitrogen which not only increased yields but resulted in a saving of fertilizer N when applied in combination with FYM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374521
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  • 13
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    Root growth of some tropical crops in uniform columns (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 193-206 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Dioscorea rotundata ; Ipomea batata ; Intercropping ; Manihot esculenta ; Root growth ; Soil columns ; Tropical crops ; Vigna unguiculata ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Root system of maize, cowpea, maize and cowpea inter-cropped, cassava, yam and sweet potato were investigated in large boxes 240×115×20 cm. One broad side of these boxes was made of a removable transparent plexiglass sheet. The soil was packed in the boxes at a dry bulk density of 1.28 g cm−3. Maize roots penetrated to a depth of 135 cm in 4 weeks and 240 cm in eight weeks after seeding. Total root mass at 4 weeks after seeding was 3.53 and 22.0 g per plant for cowpea and maize, respectively. In eight weeks total root mass of cowpea was 130 g per plant compared with 292 g per plant for maize. The effect of mixed cropping was to increase the total root mass compared with sole crop of maize or cowpea. However, the sum of the root mass of sole maize and cowpea was greater than the total root mass of maize and cowpea grown simultaneously. Among the tuberous crops investigated, cassava has a very deep and prolific root system and sweet potato has a very shallow root system. Results are discussed in terms of agronomic implications towards spacing, optimum plant population, and tillage practices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373705
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  • 14
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    Aflatoxin accumulation in preharvest maize kernels: Interaction of three fungal species, european corn borer and two hybrids (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 65 (1982), S. 95-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aflatoxin ; Aspergillus flavus ; Zea mays ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Mycotoxins ; Naturally-occurring toxins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The interaction was studied among: 1) developing maize kernels (Zea mays L.); 2) European Corn Borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner); 3) and three fungal species,Aspergillus flavus Lk. ex Fr.,Penicillium oxalcium Currie and Thom, andFusarium moniliforme Sheld. Two hybrids with varying degrees of resistance to ECB stalk damage were grown in Iowa, Georgia, and Missouri in 1980. One-half of the plots were hand-infested with ECB egg masses. Fungal spores of individual isolates or combinations of the three species were introduced into the silk channels of developing ears in designated plots. ECB larvae were subsequently collected from developing ears. A higher incidence ofA. flavus group isolates was observed in ECB larvae collected from ears that had been inoculated withA. flavus than from insects collected from control ears. Although the resistant hybrid exhibited reduced ECB stalk damage compared with the susceptible variety, no consistent pattern of hybrid effect on the association betweenA. flavus and ECB was observed at all three locations. Differences in aflatoxin B1 levels in mature kernels from the three locations ranged from 8 ppb in Iowa samples to 419 ppb in Missouri kernels. Conditions during crop development at the Missouri location were particularly conducive to elevated presence ofA. flavus propagules in ECB larvae, increased ECB-mediated stalk damage, and greater toxin concentration in mature kernels.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02376807
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  • 15
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    Total nitrogen uptake by maize with Azotobacter inoculation (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azotobacter chroococcum ; Fertilizers ; Farmyard manure ; Zea mays ; Maize ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen fixation ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Total nitrogen uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The economic feasibility of using cultures of nitrogen fixing microorganisms in programmes to increase crop production, as a selfgenerating source of nitrogen, has been proved beyond doubtviz. Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis and blue green algal ‘fertilizer’ for rice. The extent to which the free living, N-fixing, aerobic, heterotropicAzotobacter chroococcum could replace the application of nitrogenous fertilizer to maize was investigatedin vivo. Total nitrogen uptake (kg ha−1) by maize after inoculation with Azotobacter combined with moderate applications of nitrogen fertilizer and farmyard manure was influenced significantly and resulted in a higher nitrogen concentration in grain and stover along with a higher yield.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374522
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  • 16
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    Effect of zinc and phosphorus on the grain yield of corn (Zea mays L.) grown on a calcareous soil (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcareous soils ; Corn ; P-fertilization ; Zea mays ; Zn-fertilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a field experiment, more than 22% increase in the grain yield of corn was obtained by the application of 50 kg ZnSO4/ha. Grain yields were also increased by increasing the level of applied phosphorus. Positive relationship was obtained between Zn and P, the phosphorus treatment increased Zn uptake by grains and vice versa.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374607
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  • 17
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    Co-ordination of growth phenomena within a root system of intact maize plants (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 65-72 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Growth co-ordination in roots ; Seminal roots ; Crown roots ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Conclusions The experimental results presented show that within the intact plant growing undisturbed a serious competition exists between various root members. When as a consequence of partial derooting or local inhibitory treatments shoot growth is not affected the remaining root members compensate completely for the reduction elsewhere. Competition for a limited supply of carbohydrates covers most of the observations [1]. However, since it has been shown that with the phloem stream various hormones are transported to the roots, some of which may affect root growth [4, 5], the ultimate solution needs additional experimentation [10]. In case of the differences in the rate of root elongation in nitrogen deficient plants and in plants well-supplied with nitrogen, the higher auxin content in the latter may be responsible for the lower elongation rate [5].
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374258
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  • 18
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    The influence of mechanical resistance and phosphate supply on morphology and function of corn roots (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 77-81 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Root growth ; Root morphology ; Root function ; Phosphate supply ; Mechanical resistance ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Conclusions The influence of mechanical soil resistance on shoot growth can be explained qualitatively by its influence on root morphology. When relating ion uptake quantitatively to a certain root parameter (length, surface area, weight), availability of nutrients in the different soil layers must be taken into consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374260
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  • 19
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    Absorption and transport of nutrient cations and anions in maize roots (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 39-46 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Carboxylate feed-back systems ; Electroneutrality ; Ion absorption ; Ion transport ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374255
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  • 20
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    Zinc-phosphorus relationship in the nutrition of corn plants (Zea mays L.) grown on some calcareous soils (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcareous soils ; Corn ; P ; Zea mays ; Zn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Positive relationships were observed between Zn and P in the studied calcareous soils and in the corn plants grown thereon. The high content of carbonates in these soils affected greatly the levels of extractable Zn and the Zn−P relationships. In the pot experiment, application of P increased the Zn content of the corn plants and application of Zn increased that of P.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183591
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  • 21
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    Phenotypic and genetic relationships between yield components in maize (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 601-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize ; combining ability ; grain filling ; moisture content ; path coefficients ; yield components
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Physiological components of kernel development — LAG period, effective filling period duration (EFPD) and grain filling rate (GFR) — ear moisture release (ΔU), ear size (row number and kernels per row), days from emergence to silking and number of leaves, were examinated on 45 F1 hybrids (10×10 diallel cross) in order to study their genetic relationships with yield. Combining ability analysis revealed that all trait variability derived mainly from g.c.a. effects. LAG period and EFPD were the traits most affected by genotype-environment interaction. Covariation analysis (path method) based on mean phenotypic values and on g.c.a. effects yielded similar information. It is shown that GFR and EFPD are both related to plant yield, but GFR made the most important contribution. On the contrary, a significant relationship between yield and LAG was not detected. Ear size components were also positively related to yield and had negative effects on GFR. These results indicate that, for our material, the dry matter accumulation rate is the main limiting factor of yield. Considering s.c.a. effects, kernel number per row made the most important contribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038787
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Populations of maize with more rapid and reliable seedling emergence than cornbelt dents at low temperatures (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 755-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize ; low temperature emergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Selected races, populations and genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) from regions where maize is sown under cool conditions were evaluated in controlled-environment rooms for time to seedling emergence and percentage emergence at low temperatures. The objective of the study was to identify populations with the ability to emerge more rapidly and more reliably than Cornbelt Dent, the race most widely used to produce cultivars for temperate regions. Several populations emerged markedly faster and more reliably than Cornbelt Dent populations. All of these populations contained germplasm of highland Mexican origin, except for Gaspé Flint, and the fastest population in each experiment always contained a high proportion of germplasm from the Cónico race. The advantage of populations containing Cónico germplasm was greatest in environments where emergence was slowest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038805
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of index selection in recurrent selection programs in maize (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 611-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize ; index selection ; recurrent selection ; genotypic correlation ; phenotypic correlation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Phenotypic and genotypic correlations were examined for four traits in seven populations of maize (Zea mays L.) undergoing recurrent selection. Correlations among grain yield and percentage of grain moisture, root lodging, and stalk lodging were low (|r|〈0.3) except for the correlation between grain yield and stalk lodging, which was high and negative. The phenotypic and genotypic correlations agreed well from cycle to cycle within populations. Variation of correlations among populations was not significantly larger than variation among cycles. Heritabilities of these traits generally were high (h2〉0.5). Two indices, one that used heritabilities as index weights and one that used relative economic weights (base index) as index weights, were compared with the Smith-Hazel index (optimim index). Relative efficiencies of the two indices, in terms of predicted gains for the individual traits and the composite trait, compared with the Smith-Hazel index, were high. The use of an index in which heritabilities were used as index weights was recommended because:1) the heritabilities were the same as the optimum weights when the traits were uncorrelated, and for the data examined the correlations were low; and 2) heritabilities were computed in routine data analyses and were available at no additional cost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038788
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of growing beans together with maize on the incidence of bean diseases and pests (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 87 (1981), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: mono-cropping ; mixed cropping ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; bean ; Zea mays ; maize ; bean diseases ; Pseudomonas phaseolicola ; halo blight ; bean common mosaic virus ; Colletotrichum lindemuthianum ; anthracnose ; Xanthomonas phaseoli ; common blight ; Elsinoe phaseoli ; scab ; Phoma exigua var. diversispora ; black node disease ; Erysiphe polygoni ; powdery mildew ; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ; white mold ; Phaeoisariopsis griseola ; angular leaf spot ; Uromyces appendiculatus var. appendiculatis ; rust ; bean pests ; Heliothis armigera ; bolworm ; Systates pollinosus ; black beetle ; Aphis fabae ; aphid ; disease score ; pest score ; Kenya
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Bonen in mengteelt met mais vertoonden over het algemeen in vergelijking met bonen in monocultuur minder aantasting door de navolgende ziekten en plagen: vetvlekkenziekte, bonerolmozaïek, vlekkenziekte, gewone vlekkenziekte, schurft, zwarte knopensiekte, meeldauw, peulenboorder en, in mindere mate, veelhoekvlekkenziekte. Het tegenovergestelde was het geval voor sclerotiënrot en de bladrandkeverSystates. Roest en de zwarte bonenluis gedroegen zich wat wisselvallig in dit opzicht. Geconstateerd mag worden, dat door mengteelt met mais een soort teeltkundige behersing van de belangrijkste ziekten en plagen in Kenya wordt bewerkstelligd.
    Notes: Abstract Compared with mono-cultures, beans grown in association with maize showed generally less incidence of the following diseases and pests: halo blight, bean common mosaic, anthracnose, common blight, scab,Phoma, mildew, bolworm and to a lesser extent angular leaf spot. For white mold and the black beetleSystates the opposite was observed. Rust and aphilds were erratic in this respect. Apparently a kind of cultural control of the major bean diseases in Kenya is effected by growing beans in association with maize.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01976985
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aflatoxin contamination caused by natural fungal infection of preharvest corn (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 469-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aflatoxin ; Aspergillus flavus ; Corn ; Fungi Maize ; Mycotoxins ; Naturally-occurring toxins ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Aflatoxin contamination of developing corn (Zea mays L.) kernels caused by natural infection byAspergillus flavus Link ex Fries was studied in hybrids developed for the U.S. corn belt and for the southern U.S. and grown at diverse locations in 1977. Planting dates were staggered to examine the effect of crop maturity on infection by the toxin-producing fungus. A broad range of toxin values was observed at harvest; some levels exceeded the highest that had been previously recorded in corn. The highest concentration of aflatoxin B1 detected was 8030 ppb. Levels of toxin differed significantly among planting dates in Florida and Georgia; the second planting date at these locations contained the highest toxin levels. Elevated concentrations of toxin were characteristic of kernel samples from southern locations and southeast Missouri; at these locations samples from hybrids developed for the south had significantly lower levels of toxin than hybrids developed for the corn belt. Ears with heavy insect damage had higher toxin levels than ears with less evidence of insect attack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181839
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty-five years of phosphate and potassium fertilization of a crop rotation (1980)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 1 (1980), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: fertilizer placement ; plant analysis ; P soil test ; Zea mays ; Triticum vulgare ; residual P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Effects of rate and placement of phosphate and potassium fertilizers was studied using a 4-year rotation of corn (Zea mays L.), soybeans (Glycine max L.), wheat (Triticum vulgare L.) and hay (later changed to corn). Yields increased with increased P until 22 kg P ha−1 yr−1 was applied. Yields increased with increased K applications to 140 kg K ha−1 yr−1. Broadcast P applications gave high yields than row applications. Crop response to P was affected more by soil P level than by application to the specific crop. Residual effect from K fertilizer applications did not last as long as the residual effect from P application. Soil tests for available P were closely correlated with rate of P application over the 25-year period. Soil tests for P were higher where P was banded where P was broadcast indicating less tie-up of P by the soil where less mixing occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01073562
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoplasmic-nucleargenic effects in the C121 (Athens) Zea mays L. inbred with three cytoplasms (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize ; cytoplasmic inheritance ; extra-chromosomal inheritance ; cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction ; cytoplasmic-genotype effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seeds of the long-time maize (Zea mays L.) inbred CI 21 (Athens) were prepared with the following cytoplasms: GA 199 and GT 112. Each source of cytoplasm as the female parent was corssed to the CI 21 (A) as the pollen parent. The F1, as the female, was backcrossed successively to the CI 21 (A) genotype until the CI 21 (A) nucleus was substituted into each of the cytoplasms. Thus, each cytoplasmic source of seed assumed to have the same nuclear genotype. The cytoplasms were compared in all possible combinations for one year with 10 replications. Among the characters studied, significant differences were obtained for the following: effect of herbicide, reaction to Fusarium sp., silking on a given day, tasseling, plant height, ear height, lodging, number of ears, and yield. These results revealed a favorable interaction of GA 199 cytoplasm with the CI 21 (A) genotype for desirable characters. Apparently, plasmon-sensitive effects caused the unfavorable results. Results from these experiments also provide further support for cytoplasmic effects on agronomic characters in maize.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025119
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