ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE The CERN Accelerator School (CAS) was founded in 1983 with the aim to preserve and disseminate the knowledge accumulated at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) and elsewhere on particle accelerators and storage rings. This is being achieved by means of a biennial programme of basic and advanced courses on general accelerator physics supplemented by specialized and topical courses as well as Workshops. The chapters included in this present volume are taken from one of the specialized courses, Applied Geodesy for Particle Accelerators, held at CERN in April 1986. When construction of the first large accelerators started in the 1950's, it was necessary to use geodetic techniques to ensure precise positioning of the machines' components. Since that time the means employed have constantly evolved in line with technological progress in general, while a number of specific developments - many of them achieved at CERN - have enriched the range of available instruments. These techniques and precision instruments are used for most of the world's accelerators but can also be applied in other areas of industrial geodesy: surveying of civil engineering works and structures, aeronautics, nautical engineering, astronomical radio-interferometers, metrology of large dimensions, studies of deformation, etc. The ever increasing dimensions of new accelerators dictates the use of the best geodetic methods in the search for the greatest precision, such as distance measurements to 10 -7, riqorous evaluation of the local geoid and millimetric exploitation of the Navstar satellites. At the same time, the powerful computer methods now available for solving difficult problems are also applicable at the instrument level where data collection can be automatically checked. Above all, measuring methods and calculations and their results can be integrated into data bases where the collection of technical parameters can be efficiently managed. In order to conserve the logical presentation of the different lectures presented at the CAS school, the chapters presented here have been grouped under four main topics. The first and the fourth deal with spatial and theoretical geodesy, while the second and third are concerned with the work of applied geodesy, especially that carried out at CERN. Readers involved in these subjects will find in the following chapters, if not the complete answer to their problems, at least the beginning of solutions to them.

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION - WHY THIS BOOK? Why study Numerical Geology? Although geologists have dabbled in numbers since the time of Hutton and Playfair, 200 years ago (Merriam 1981e), geology until recently lagged behind other sciences in both the teaching and geological application of mathematics, statistics and computers. Geology Departments incorporating these disciplines in their undergraduate courses are still few (particularly outside the USA). Only two international geomathematical/computing journals are published (Computers & Geosciences; Mathematical Geology), compared with dozens covering, say, petrology or mineralogy. It also remains common practice for years (and $1000s) to be spent setting up computerized machines to produce large volumes of data in machine-readable form, and then for geologists to plot these by hand on a sheet of graph paper! Despite this, the use of numerical methods in geology has now begun to increase at a rate which implies a revolution of no less importance than the plate tectonic revolution of the 1960's -- one whose impact is beginning to be felt throughout the academic, commercial, governmental and private consultative geological communities (Merriam 1969, 1981c). Although a few pioneers have been publishing benchmark papers for some years, the routine usage of machine-based analytical techniques, and the advent of low-priced desk-top microcomputers, have successively enabled and now at last persuaded many more geologists to become both numerate and computerate. Merriam (1980) estimated that two decades of increasing awareness had seen the percentage of geomathematical papers (sensu lato) rise to some 15% of all geological literature; meanwhile, mineralogy-petrology and geochemistry had both fallen to a mere 5% each! In these Notes, geomathematics and numerical geology are used interchangeably, to cover applications of mathematics, statistics and computing to processing real geological data. However, as applications which primarily store or retrieve numbers (e.g. databases) are included, as well as those involving actual mathematical calculations, 'Numerical Geology' is preferred in the title. 'Geomathematics' in this sense should not be confused with 'geostatistics', now usually restricted to a specialised branch of geomathematics dealing with ore body estimation (§20). Reasons for studying Numerical Geology can be summarised as follows: (1) Volumes of new and existing numerical data: The British Geological Survey, the world's oldest, recently celebrated its 150th anniversary by establishing a National Geoscience data-centre, in which it is hoped to store all accumulated records on a computer (Lumsden & Flowarth 1986). Information already existing in the Survey's archives is believed to amount to tens or hundreds of Gb (i.e. = 1010-11 characters) and to be increasing by a few percent annually. The volumes of valuable data existing in the worM's geological archives, over perhaps 250 years of geological endeavour, must therefore be almost immeasurably greater. It is now routine even for students to produce hundreds or thousands of multi-element analyses for a single thesis, while national programs of geochemical sampling easily produce a million individual dement values. Such volumes of data simply cannot be processed realistically by manual means; they require mathematical and statistical manipulation on computers -- in some cases large computers. (2) Better use of coded/digitised data: In addition to intrinsically numerical (e.g. chemical) data, geology produces much information which can be more effectively used if numerically coded. For example, relatively little can be done with records of, say, 'limestone' and 'sandstone' in a borehole log, but very much more can be done if these records are numerically coded as 'limestone = 1' and 'sandstone = 2'. Via encoding, enormous volumes of data are opened to computer processing which would otherwise have lain dormant. More importantly, geological maps - perhaps the most important tool of the entire science - can themselves be digitised (turned into large sets of numbers), opening up vast new possibilities for manipulation, revision, scale-change and other improvements. (3) Intelligent data use: It is absurd to acquire large volumes of data and then not to interpret them fully. Field geologists observing an outcrop commonly split into two (or more) groups, arguing perhaps over the presence or absence of a preferred orientation in kyanite crystals on a schist foliation surface. The possibility of actually measuring these orientations and analyzing them statistically (§17) is rarely aired-- at last in this author's experience! Petrologists are equally culpable when they rely on X-Y or, at maximum 'sophistication', X-Y-Z (triangular) variation diagrams, in representing the evolution of igneous rocks which have commonly been analyzed for up to 50 elements! Whereas some geological controversies (especially those based on interpretation of essentially subjective field observations) cannot be resolved numerically, many others can and should be. This is not to say (as Lord Kelvin did) that quantitative science is the only good science, but qualitative treatment of quantitative data is rarely anything but bad science. (4) Literature search and data retrieval: Most research projects must begin with reviews of the literature and, frequently, with exhaustive compilations of existing data. These are essential if informed views on the topic are to be reached, existing work is not merely to be duplicated, and optimum use is to be made of available funding, The ever-expanding geological literature, however, makes such reviews and compilations increasingly time-consuming and expensive via traditional manual means. Use of the increasing number of both bibliographical and analytical databases (§3) is therefore becoming a prequisite for well-informed, high-quality research. (5) Unification of interests: In these days of inexorably increasing specialisation in ever narrower topics, brought about by the need to keep abreast of the exploding literature, numerical geology forms a rare bridge between different branches not only of geology but of diverse other sciences. The techniques covered in this book are equally applicable (and in many cases have been in routine use for far longer) in biology, botany, geography, medicine, psychology, sociology, zoology, etc. Within geology itself, most topics covered here are as valuable to the stratigrapher as to the petrologist. 'Numerical geologists' are thus in the unique (and paradoxical) position of being both specialists and non-specialists; they may have their own interests, but their numerical and computing knowledge can often help all of their colleagues. (6) Employment prospects: There is a clear and increasing demand for computerate/numerate geologists in nearly all employment fields. In Australia, whose economy is dominated by geology-related activities (principally mining), a comprehensive national survey (AMIRA 1985) estimated that A$40M per annum could be saved by more effective use of computers in geology. Professional computer scientists are also of course in demand, but the inability of some of their number to communicate with 'laymen' is legendary! Consequently, many finns have perpetual need for those rare animals who combine knowledge of computing and mathematics with practical geological experience. Their unique bridging role also means that numerical geologists are less likely to be affected by the vaguaries of the employment market than are more specialised experts. Rationale and aims of this book This is a highly experimental book, constituting the interim text for new (1988) courses in 'Numerical Geology' at the University of Western Australia. It is published in the Springer Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences series precisely because, as the rubric for this series has it, "the timeIiness of a manuscript is more important than its form, which may be unfinished or tentative." Readers are more than welcome to send constructive comments to the author, such that a more seasoned, comprehensive version can be created in due course. Readers' indulgence is meanwhile craved for the number of mistakes which must inevitably remain in a work involving so many citations and cross-references. Emphasis is particularly placed on the word Notes in the series rifle: this book is not a statistical or mathematical treatise. It is not intended to stand on its own, but rather to complement and target the existing literature. It is most emphatically not a substitute for sound statistical knowledge, and indeed, descriptions of each technique are deliberately minimized such that readers shouM never be tempted to rely on this book alone, but should rather read around the subject in the wealth of more authoritative statistical and geomathematical texts cited. In other words, this is a synoptic work, principally about 'how to do', 'when not to do', 'what are the alternatives' and 'where to find out more'. It aims specifically: (1) to introduce geologists to the widest possible range of numerical methods which have already appeared in the literature; and thus (2) to infuse geologists with just sufficient background knowledge that they can: (a) locate more detailed sources of information; (b) understand the broad principles behind interpreting most common geological problems quantitatively; (c) appreciate how to take best advantage of computers; and thereby (d) cope with the "information overload" (Griffiths 1974) which they increasingly face. Even these aims require the reader to become to some extent geologist, computer scientist, mathematician and statistician rolled into one, and a practical balance has therefore been attempted, in which just enough information is hopefully given to expedite correct interpretation and avoidance of pitfalls, but not too much to confuse or deter the reader. Despite the vast literature in mathematics, statistics and computing, and that growing in geomathematics, no previous book was found to fulfill these alms on its own. The range of methods covered here is deliberately much wider than in previous geomathematical textbooks, to provide at least an introduction to most methods geologists may encounter, but other books are consequently relied on for the detail which space here precludes. These Notes adopt a practical approach similar to that in language guidebooks -- at the risk of emulating the 'recipe book' abhorred in some quarters. Every Topic provides a minimum of highly condensed sketch-notes (fuller descriptions are included only where topics are not well covered in existing textbooks), complemented by worked examples using real data from as many fields of geology as space permits. Specialists should thereby be able to locate at least one example close to their problems of the moment. In the earlier (easier) topics, simple worked examples are calculated in full, and equations are given wherever practicable (despite their sometimes forbidding appearance), to enable readers not only to familiarise themselves with the calculations but also to experiment with their own data. In the later (multivariate) topics (where few but the sado-masochistic would wish to try the calculations by hand!), the worked examples comprise simplified output from actual software, to familiarise readers with the types of computer output they may have to interpret in practice. Topics were arranged in previous geomathematical textbooks by statistical subject: 'analysis of variance', 'correlation', 'regression', etc., while nonparametric (rank) methods were usually dealt with separately from classical methods (if at all). Here, topics are arranged by operation (what is to be done), and both classical and rank techniques are covered together, with similar emphasis. When readers know what they want to do, therefore, they need only look in one Topic for all appropriate techniques. The main difficulty of this work is the near impossibility of its goal-- though other books with similarly ambitious goals have been well enough received (e.g.J.Math.Geol. 18(5), 511-512). Some constraints have necessarily been imposed to keep the Notes of manageable size. Geophysics, for example, is sketchily covered, because (i) numerical methods are already far more integrated into most geophysics courses than geology courses; (ii) several recent textbooks (e.g. Cantina & Janecek 1984) cover the corresponding ground for geophysicists. Structural geology is less comprehensively covered or cited than, say, stratigraphy, because (a) it commands many applications of statistics and computing unto itself alone (e.g. 3-D modelling, 'unravelling' of folds), whereas these Notes aim at techniques equally applicable to most branches of geology; (b) excellent comprehensive reviews of structural applications are already available (e.g. Whitten 1969,1981). Remote sensing is also barely covered, since comprehensive source guides similar in purpose to the present one already exist (Carter 1986). For the sake of brevity, phrases throughout this book which refer to males are, with apologies to any whose sensitivities are thereby offended, taken to include females!

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION In the context of evolutionary studies, it is the privilege of paleontologists to trace the actual course of evolutionary change over time spans that are adequate for such a slow process. At the same time it is their crux that they can not always hope to do this with the resolution necessary to reveal the causal relationships involved. The Tübingen Sonderforschungsbereich 53, "Palökologie", was primarily geared to study the interrelationships between organisms and environments in the fossil record. As is pointed out in this volume, such an approach will necessarily emphasize the static aspect of this relationship, all the more since this is what we need for the practical purposes of facies recognition. This was clone during a time interval of thirteen years at the level of individual species and taxonomic groups ("Konstruktions-Morphologie"), of characteristic facies complexes ("Fossil-Lagerstätten") and of assemblages ("Fossil- VergeseIlschaftungen") with the aim to recognize general patterns that persist in spite of the historical and evolutionary changes in the biosphere. But as our project came closer to its end, the possible causal relationships between physical and evolutionary changes became more tangible. This trend is expressed by symposia devoted to the biological effects of long term tectonic changes (KULLMANN & SCHÖNENBERG, eds., 1983) and of short term physical events (EINSELE & SEILACHER, eds., 1982). But in retrospect it appears that the time scales of the environmental changes chosen were either too large or too small to reveal the mechanisms of evolutionary response. The present volume is the outcome of a symposium of the projects B 20 ("Bankungsrhythmen in sedimentologischer, ökologischer und diagenetischer Sicht", directed by U. BAYER), D 40 ("Analoge Gehäuse-Aberrationen bei Ammonoideen", directed by J. WIEDMANN) and D 60 ("Substratwechsel im marinen Benthos", directed by A. SEILACHER) in September, 1983. tt addresses environmental changes at time scales large enough to produce more than a local ecological response and short enough to observe evolutionary and/or migratory changes at the species and genus levels. It also focusses on basins which by various degrees of isolation provided suitable sites for "evolutionary experiments", such as lakes and marginal epicontinental basins. In a way, this book is a successor of the previous one on "Cyclic and event stratification" (EINSELE & SEILACHER, eds., 1982). Small scale cycles and events are the 'primitives' of a sedimentary sequence, the lowermost scale from which it can be deciphered. However, medium and long term physical cycles commonly impress sedimentological and lithological trends on the stratigraphic column which are accompanied by faunal replacements and cycles. But since sedimentation is controlled both by physical and biological processes, which are intercorrelated in complicated ways, we also need to decode the stratigraphic text. In this effort, paleontological and sedimentological interpretation must go hand in hand. On the 'megascale' of global sea-level changes faunal and species evolution is triggered by opening and closing of migration pathways, sometimes providing us with malor biostratigraphic boundaries. As it turns out, however, integrated research and the choice of suitable scales do not free us from problems of resolution. Thus our inability to distinguish local speciation from ecophenotypic modification and from immigration in the fossil record excludes definite evolutionary answers even in well studied cases. Nevertheless we hope that this approach opens a fruitful discussion, in which stratigraphy, systematic paleontology and paleoecology will be reconciled in a concerted effort to eventually understand the evolutionary mechanisms of our biosphere.

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE Our planet is evolving and changing; its surface is capable of unleashing great violence as its crust is created and destroyed. Quite remarkably, it has been only recently that the fundamental elements of this evolution were fully appreciated, and only within the last decade have there been technologies capable of directly meastLring the global motions of the Earth's crust which are one of the most visible manifestations of these processes. Before the advent of space technologies, the nature of contemporary global plate motions went largely unobserved. These motions were understood from the geological records, and plate rates for million year averages were established_ Fortunately, the revolution in geophysics brought about by the general acceptance of plate tectonic theory has been paralleled by significant advances in space geodesy oceanography and geophysics. New space technologies have rapidly matured, yielding new insights and capabilities for more completely understanding the dynamical properties of the Earth, its oceans and atmosphere. Likewise, the evolving earth sciences capabilities from space are fostering new questions and goals made possible through the creative exploitation of satellite missions. A workshop entitled "The Interdisciplinary Role of Space Geodesy" was held in Erice, Italy, on the island of Sicily on July 23-29, 1988, to discuss the directions and challenges of space geodeys for the decades to come. This international gathering was made possible by the E. Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture int he framework of tis International School of Geodesy. The workshop was sponsored by the Italian Ministry of education, the Italian Ministry of Scientific and Technological Research, the Sicilian Regional Government, the Italian National Institute of Geophysics, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States. This volume is the result of the dedicated effort undertaken by an international group of scientists and administrators who have contemplated the challenge of the future of space-based earth science for the next decade. Recognizing the need for defining new milestones both in science and technology, they have developed a detailed report of what could be achieved and what challenges remain after twenty fertile years of space exploration...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE The suggestion to compile and publish this volume dealing with some geoscientific problems of the Central Andes came up during a conference on "Mobility of Active Continental Margins" held in Berlin, February 1986. At this international conference, organized by the Berlin Research Group "Mobility of Active Continental Margins", colleagues from Europe, Southern and Northern America reported on their current investigations in the Central Andes. The Central Andes claim a special position in the 7000 km long Andean mountain range. In Northern Chile, Southern Bolivia and Northwest Argentina the Central Andes show their largest width with more than 650 km and along a Geotraverse between the Pacific coast and the Chaco all typical Andean morphotectonic units are well developed. Here, the pre-Andean evolution is documented by outcropping of Paleozoic and pre-Cambrian rocks. The characteristic phenomena of the Andean cycle can be studied along the entire geotraverse. The migration of the tectonic and magmatic activity starting in Jurassic and being active t i l l Quaternary is clearly evidenced. Besides the Himalaya, the Central Andes show with 70-80 km and -400 mgal the largest crustal thickness known in mountain ranges. These and many other interesting and exciting geoscientific features encouraged a group of geoscientists from both West-Berlin universities (Freie UniversitAt and Technische UniversitAt) to focus their studies along a geotraverse through the Central Andes. The realization of these studies would not have been possible without the active assistance and close cooperation of our colleagues from the geoscientific institutions in Salta (Argentina), La Paz and Santa Cruz (Bolivia) and Antofagasta and Santiago (Chile). Concerning the German participation, this joint and interdisciplinary project is financially supported since 1982 as Reserach Group" Mobility of Active Continental Margins" by the German Research Society and by the West-Berlin universities as well. A number of colleagues from universities in West Germany take part in this project, too. The papers presented here deal with the period from Late Precambrian up to the youngest phenomena in Quaternary. The contributions cover the whole spectrum of geoscientific research, geology, paleontology, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics and geomorphology. In conclusion, the data published here may help to improve the picture of Andean structure and evolution. The detailed investigations carried out in the past years show, that the first simple plate tectonic models proposed in the beginning of the seventies have to improved and modified. Furthermore, the results can be seen as contribution to the international Lithospheric Project and as a useful data base for the construction of a Central Andean Transect...

Description / Table of Contents: Subduction zones consume oceanic lithosphere and are an indispensible part of plate tectonics. Unlike the oceanic lithosphere production system which can be linked as a nearly continuous, albeit sinuous, strand around the earth, subduction zones are a rather dissociated group and are found in several isolated corners of the world. While plate tectonics can predict that subduction zones are required along certain plate boundaries, it does not stipulate how subduction zones initiate and develop. The preservation of newly created oceanic lithosphere and the propensity for spreading centers to fragment continents leaves a wealth of geological informa­ tion on the initiation and evolution of spreading. On the other hand, the subject of subduction initiation has little observational basis. To find such observations, we need to look at some muddled tectonic regimes. The Macquarie Ridge complex presents a natural laboratory for studies of subduction initiation. 2. Tectonics of the Macquarie Ridge Complex The Macquarie Ridge complex is a complicated physiographic feature that trends approximately north-south between South Island, New Zealand and the Pacific-Antarctica spreading center. This feature consists of a sequence of troughs and ridges, with Macquarie Island as the only exposed expression. The seismically active Macquarie Ridge complex (hereafter: MRC) is crudely continuous with the Tonga-Kermadec-New Zealand seismic activity. The basic physiographic features and seismicity of the MRC are shown in Figure I. The earthquake epicenters generally cluster about the bathymetric expression of the MRC.

Description / Table of Contents: J. A. Crame: Origins and evolution of the Antarctic biota: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:1-8, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.01 --- L. R. M. Cocks: Antarctica’s place within Cambrian to Devonian Gondwana / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:9-14, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.02 --- Françoise Debrenne and Peter D. Kruse: Cambrian Antarctic archaeocyaths / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:15-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.03 --- Gerald F. Webers and Ellis L. Yochelson: Late Cambrian molluscan faunas and the origin of the Cephalopoda / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:29-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.04 --- G. C. Young: The Aztec fish fauna (Devonian) of Southern Victoria Land: Evolutionary and biogeographic significance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:43-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.05 --- Sherri L. DeFauw: Patterns of evolution in the Dicynodontia, with special reference to austral taxa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:63-84, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.06 --- W. G. Chaloner and G. T. Creber: The phenomenon of forest growth in Antarctica: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:85-88, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.07 --- Mary E. Dettmann: Antarctica: Cretaceous cradle of austral temperate rainforests? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:89-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.08 --- Rosemary A. Askin: Endemism and heterochroneity in the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) to Paleocene palynofloras of Seymour Island, Antarctica: implications for origins, dispersal and palaeoclimates of southern floras / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:107-119, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.09 --- T. H. Rich, P. V. Rich, B. Wagstaff, J. McEwen-Mason, C. B. Douthitt, and R. T. Gregory: Early Cretaceous biota from the northern side of the Australo-Antarctic rift valley / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:121-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.10 --- R. E. Molnar: Terrestrial tetrapods in Cretaceous Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:131-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.11 --- G. R. Stevens: The nature and timing of biotic links between New Zealand and Antarctica in Mesozoic and early Cenozoic times / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:141-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.12 --- Peter Doyle and Philip Howlett: Antarctic belemnite biogeography and the break-up of Gondwana / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:167-182, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.13 --- Rodney M. Feldmann and Dale M. Tshudy: Evolutionary patterns in macrurous decapod crustaceans from Cretaceous to early Cenozoic rocks of the James Ross Island region, Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:183-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.14 --- Sankar Chatterjee and Bryan J. Small: New plesiosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:197-215, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.15 --- Judd A. Case: Antarctica: the effect of high latitude heterochroneity on the origin of the Australian marsupials / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:217-226, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.16 --- K. Birkenmajer and E. Zastawniak: Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary floras of King George Island, West Antarctica: their stratigraphic distribution and palaeoclimatic significance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:227-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.17 --- J. T. Eastman and L. Grande: Evolution of the Antarctic fish fauna with emphasis on the Recent notothenioids / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:241-252, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.18 --- Andrew Clarke and J. Alistair Crame: The origin of the Southern Ocean marine fauna / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:253-268, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.19 --- R. Ewan Fordyce: Origins and evolution of Antarctic marine mammals / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:269-281, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.20 --- Ellen Thomas: Development of Cenozoic deep-sea benthic foraminiferal faunas in Antarctic waters / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:283-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.21 --- Les Watling and Michael H. Thurston: Antarctica as an evolutionary incubator: evidence from the cladistic biogeography of the amphipod Family Iphimediidae / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 47:297-313, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.22

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- K. W. Glennie: Desert sediments: ancient and modern / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:1-4, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.01: Fluvial Sediments: Process and Form --- A. P. Schick, J. Lekach, and M. A. Hassan: Vertical exchange of coarse bedload in desert streams / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:7-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.02 --- S. Grossman and R. Gerson: Fluviatile deposits and morphology of alluvial surfaces as indicators of Quaternary environmental changes in the southern Negev, Israel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:17-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.03 --- J. K. Maizels: Plio-Pleistocene raised channel systems of the western Sharqiya (Wahiba), Oman / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:31-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.04 --- Tectonism, Climatic Change and Fluviatile Desert Sediments --- L. E. Frostick and I. Reid: Tectonic control of desert sediments in rift basins ancient and modern / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:53-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.05 --- H. Olsen: Ancient ephemeral stream deposits: a local terminal fan model from the Bunter Sandstone Formation (L. Triassic) in the Tønder-3, -4 and -5 wells, Denmark / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:69-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.06 --- A. M. Harvey: Alluvial fan dissection: relationships between morphology and sedimentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:87-103, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.07 --- M. A. J. Williams, P. I. Abell, and B. W. Sparks: Quaternary landforms, sediments, depositional environments and gastropod isotope ratios at Adrar Bous, Tenere Desert of Niger, south-central Sahara / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:105-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.08 --- Aeolian Sediments: Dust Dynamics and Deposits --- W. B. Whalley, B. J. Smith, J. J. McAlister, and A. J. Edwards: Aeolian abrasion of quartz particles and the production of silt-size fragments: preliminary results / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:129-138, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.09 --- K. Pye and H. Tsoar: The mechanics and geological implications of dust transport and deposition in deserts with particular reference to loess formation and dune sand diagenesis in the northern Negev, Israel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:139-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.10 --- R. Gerson and R. Amit: Rates and modes of dust accretion and deposition in an arid region—the Negev, Israel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:157-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.11 --- H. Vine: Wind-blown materials and W African soils: an explanation of the ‘ferrallitic soil over loose sandy sediments’ profile / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:171-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.12 --- Dune Dynamics and Deposits --- A. Gunatilaka and S. Mwango: Continental sabkha pans and associated nebkhas in southern Kuwait, Arabian Gulf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:187-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.13 --- A. Warren and S. Kay: Dune networks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:205-212, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.14 --- L. B. Clemmensen: Complex star dunes and associated aeolian bedforms, Hopeman Sandstone (Permo-Triassic), Moray Firth Basin, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:213-231, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.15 --- B. P. J. Williams, E. K. Wild, and R. J. Suttill: Late Palaeozoic cold-climate aeolianites, southern Cooper Basin, South Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:233-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.16 --- R. A. Carruthers: Aeolian sedimentation from the Galtymore Formation (Devonian), Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:251-268, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.17 --- Grain Size, Process and Dune Environment --- E. C. Flenley, N. R. J. Fieller, and D. D. Gilbertson: The statistical analysis of ‘mixed’ grain size distributions from aeolian sands in the Libyan Pre-Desert using log skew Laplace models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:271-280, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.18 --- I. Livingstone: Grain-size variation on a ‘complex’ linear dune in the Namib Desert / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:281-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.19 --- D. S. G. Thomas: Discrimination of depositional environments using sedimentary characteristics in the Mega Kalahari, central southern Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:293-306, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.20 --- Chemical Sediments --- D. A. Hendry: Silica and calcium carbonate replacement of plant roots in tropical dune sands, SE India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:309-319, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.21 --- C. R. Roberts and C. W. Mitchell: Spring mounds in southern Tunisia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:321-334, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.22 --- Remote Sensing of Desert Sediments --- C. S. Breed, J. F. McCauley, and P. A. Davis: Sand sheets of the eastern Sahara and ripple blankets on Mars / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:337-359, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.23 --- M. M. Ashour: Surficial deposits of Qatar Peninsula / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:361-367, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.24 --- A. C. Millington, A. R. Jones, N. Quarmby, and J. R. G. Townshend: Remote sensing of sediment transfer processes in playa basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 35:369-381, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.035.01.25

Description / Table of Contents: P. P. E. Weaver, J. Thomson, and P. M. Hunter: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:vii-xii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.01 --- Orrin H. Pilkey: Sedimentology of basin plains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:1-12, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.02 --- A. Kuijpers, E. J. Th. Duin, and G. J. de Lange: Areal sedimentation rate patterns of the southern Nares Abyssal Plain, western N Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:13-22, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.03 --- Michael T. Ledbetter and Adam Klaus: Influence of bottom currents on sediment texture and sea-floor morphology in the Argentine Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:23-31, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.04 --- Robert B. Kidd, Peter M. Hunter, and Robert W. Simm: Turbidity-current and debris-flow pathways to the Cape Verde Basin: status of long-range side-scan sonar (GLORIA) surveys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:33-48, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.05 --- R. C. Searle: Regional setting and geophysical characterization of the Great Meteor East area in the Madeira Abyssal Plain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:49-70, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.06 --- P. P. E. Weaver and R. G. Rothwell: Sedimentation on the Madeira Abyssal Plain over the last 300 000 years / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:71-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.07 --- S. R. J. Williams: Faulting in abyssal-plain sediments, Great Meteor East, Madeira Abyssal Plain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:87-104, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.08 --- Q. J. Huggett: Mapping of hemipelagic versus turbiditic muds by feeding traces observed in deep-sea photographs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:105-112, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.09 --- P. J. Schultheiss and M. Noel: Evidence of pore-water advection in the Madeira Abyssal Plain from pore-pressure and temperature measurements / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:113-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.10 --- L. E. Shephard, A. K. Rutledge, W. R. Bryant, and K. M. Moran: Geotechnical characteristics of fine-grained turbidite sequences from the Nares Abyssal Plain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:131-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.11 --- Gert J. de Lange, Ian Jarvis, and Antoon Kuijpers: Geochemical characteristics and provenance of late Quaternary sediments from the Madeira Abyssal Plain, N Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:147-165, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.12 --- J. Thomson, S. Colley, N. C. Higgs, D. J. Hydes, T. R. S. Wilson, and J. Sørensen: Geochemical oxidation fronts in NE Atlantic distal turbidites and their effects in the sedimentary record / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:167-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.13 --- Ian Jarvis and Nigel Higgs: Trace-element mobility during early diagenesis in distal turbidites: late Quaternary of the Madeira Abyssal Plain, N Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:179-214, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.14 --- D. Heggie, C. Maris, A. Hudson, J. Dymond, R. Beach, and J. Cullen: Organic carbon oxidation and preservation in NW Atlantic continental margin sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 31:215-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.031.01.15

Description / Table of Contents: General Topics and Reviews --- S. R. Taylor: Geochemical and Petrological Significance of the Archaean-Proterozoic Boundary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:3-8, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.01 --- R. P. Hall, D. J. Hughes, C. R. L. Friend, and G. L. Snyder: Proterozoic Mantle Heterogeneity: Geochemical Evidence from Contrasting Basic Dykes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:9-21, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.02 --- D. Rickard: Proterozoic Volcanogenic Mineralization Styles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:23-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.03 --- Early Proterozoic Volcanic Suites of the Baltic Shield --- T. C. Pharaoh, A. Warren, and N. J. Walsh: Early Proterozoic Metavolcanic Suites of the Northernmost Part of the Baltic Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:41-58, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.04 --- M. Honkamo: Geochemistry and Tectonic Setting of Early Proterozoic Volcanic Rocks in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:59-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.05 --- Waldo Vivallo and Lars-Åke Claesson: Intra-Arc Rifting and Massive Sulphide Mineralization in an Early Proterozoic Volcanic Arc, Skellefte District, Northern Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:69-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.06 --- Joanna Parr and David Rickard: Early Proterozoic Subaerial Volcanism and Its Relationship to Broken Hill-type Mineralization in Central Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:81-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.07 --- H. Colley and L. Westra: The Volcano-Tectonic Setting and Mineralization of the Early Proterozoic Kemiö-Orijärvi-Lohja Belt, SW Finland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:95-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.08 --- Early and Middle Proterozoic Volcanic Suites of the Laurentian and North Atlantic Shields --- W. R. A. Baragar and R. F. J. Scoates: Volcanic Geochemistry of the Northern Segments of the Circum-Superior Belt of the Canadian Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:113-131, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.09 --- N. T. Arndt, G. E. Brügmann, K. Lehnert, C. Chauvel, and B. W. Chappell: Geochemistry, Petrogenesis and Tectonic Environment of Circum-Superior Belt Basalts, Canada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:133-145, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.10 --- J. F. Lewry, R. MacDonald, C. Livesey, M. Meyer, R. Van Schmus, and M. E. Bickford: U-Pb Geochronology of Accreted Terranes in the Trans-Hudson Orogen, Northern Saskatchewan, Canada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:147-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.11 --- B. R. Watters and J. A. Pearce: Metavolcanic Rocks of the La Ronge Domain in the Churchill Province, Saskatchewan: Geochemical Evidence for a Volcanic Arc Origin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:167-182, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.12 --- J. W. Gaskarth and G. R. Parslow: Proterozoic Volcanism in the Flin Flon Greenstone Belt, East-Central Saskatchewan, Canada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:183-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.13 --- Charles F. Gower and Bruce Ryan: Two Stage Felsic Volcanism in the Lower Proterozoic Upper Aillik Group, Labrador, Canada: Its Relationship to Syn- and Post-Kinematic Plutonism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:201-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.14 --- K. C. Condie: Early Proterozoic Volcanic Regimes in Southwestern North America / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:211-218, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.15 --- A. N. LeCheminant, A. R. Miller, and G. M. LeCheminant: Early Proterozoic Alkaline Igneous Rocks, District of Keewatin, Canada: Petrogenesis and Mineralization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:219-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.16 --- A. B. Ryan, W. R. A. Baragar, and D. J. Kontak: Geochemistry, Tectonic Setting, and Mineralization of High-Potassium Middle Proterozoic Rocks in Central Labrador, Canada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:241-254, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.17 --- Y. A. Johnson, R. G. Park, and J. A. Winchester: Geochemistry, Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of the Early Proterozoic Loch Maree Group Amphibolites of the Lewisian Complex, NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:255-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.18 --- Proterozoic Volcanic Suites of the Guiana Shield --- A. K. Gibbs: Proterozoic Volcanic Rocks of the Northern Guiana Shield, South America / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:275-288, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.19 --- R. Renner and A. K. Gibbs: Geochemistry and Petrology of Metavolcanic Rocks of the Early Proterozoic Mazaruni Greenstone Belt, Northern Guyana / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:289-309, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.20 --- Proterozoic Volcanic Suites of Africa --- R. E. Myers, R. G. Cawthorn, T. S. McCarthy, and C. R. Anhaeusser: Fundamental Uniformity in the Trace Element Patterns of the Volcanics of the Kaapvaal Craton from 3000 to 2100 Ma: Evidence for the Lithospheric Origin of These Continental Tholeiites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:315-325, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.21 --- D. L. Reid, A. J. Erlank, H. J. Welke, and A. Moyes: The Orange River Group: a Major Proterozoic Calcalkaline Volcanic Belt in the Western Namaqua Province, Southern Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:327-346, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.22 --- G. Borg and K. J. Maiden: Alteration of Late Middle Proterozoic Volcanics and its Relation to Stratabound Copper-Silver-Gold Mineralization Along the Margin of the Kalahari Craton in Swa/Namibia and Botswana / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:347-354, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.23 --- J. H. Breitkopf and K. J. Maiden: Geochemical Patterns of Metabasites in the Southern Part of the Damara Orogen, SWA/Namibia: Applicability to the Recognition of Tectonic Environment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:355-361, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.24 --- P. M. Klemenic: The Geochemistry of Upper Proterozoic Lavas From the Red Sea Hills, NE Sudan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:363-372, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.25 --- Proterozoic Volcanic Suites of Australia --- L. A. I. Wyborn, R. W. Page, and A. J. Parker: Geochemical and Geochronological Signatures in Australian Proterozoic Igneous Rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:377-394, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.26 --- S. D. James, J. A. Pearce, and R. A. Oliver: The Geochemistry of the Lower Proterozoic Willyama Complex Volcanics, Broken Hill Block, New South Wales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:395-408, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.27 --- I. H. Wilson: Geochemistry of Proterozoic Volcanics, Mount Isa Inlier, Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:409-423, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.28 --- L. A. I. Wyborn: The Petrology and Geochemistry of Alteration Assemblages in the Eastern Creek Volcanics, as a Guide to Copper and Uranium Mobility Associated with Regional Metamorphism and Deformation, Mount Isa, Queensland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:425-434, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.29 --- Proterozoic Volcanic Suites of Asia --- Jia Chengzao: Geochemistry and Tectonics of the Xionger Group in the Eastern Qinling Mountains of China—a mid Proterozoic Volcanic arc Related to Plate Subduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:436-448, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.30 --- Middle to Late Proterozoic Volcanic Suites of the North Atlantic Borderlands --- T. E. Smith and P. E. Holm: The Trace Element Geochemistry of Metavolcanics and Dykes From the Central Metasedimentary Belt of the Grenville Province, Southeastern Ontario, Canada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:453-470, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.31 --- T. S. Brewer and B. P. Atkin: Geochemical and Tectonic Evolution of the Proterozoic Telemark Supracrustals, Southern Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:471-487, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.32 --- J. A. Winchester, M. D. Max, and C. B. Long: Trace Element Geochemical Correlation in the Reworked Proterozoic Dalradian Metavolcanic Suites of the Western Ox Mountains and NW Mayo Inliers, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:489-502, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.33 --- G. J. Lees, R. A. Roach, M. M. Shufflebotham, and N. H. Griffiths: Upper Proterozoic Basaltic Volcanism in the Northern Massif Armoricain, France / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:503-523, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.34 --- B. Cabanis, J. Chantraine, and D. Rabu: Geochemical Study of the Brioverian (late Proterozoic) Volcanic Rocks in the Northern Armorican Massif (France). Implications for Geodynamic Evolution During the Cadomian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:525-539, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.35 --- T. C. Pharaoh, P. C. Webb, R. S. Thorpe, and R. D. Beckinsale: Geochemical Evidence for the Tectonic Setting of Late Proterozoic Volcanic Suites in Central England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 33:541-552, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.033.01.36

Description / Table of Contents: J. G. Fitton and B. G. J. Upton: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:ix-xiv, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.01 --- D. K. Bailey: Mantle metasomatism—perspective and prospect / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:1-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.02 --- Martin Menzies: Alkaline rocks and their inclusions: a window on the Earth’s interior / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:15-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.03 --- A. D. Edgar: The genesis of alkaline magmas with emphasis on their source regions: inferences from experimental studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:29-52, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.04 --- M. J. Le Bas: Nephelinites and carbonatites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:53-83, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.05 --- James D. Twyman and John Gittins: Alkalic carbonatite magmas: parental or derivative? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:85-94, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.06 --- J. B. Dawson: The kimberlite clan: relationship with olivine and leucite lamproites, and inferences for upper-mantle metasomatism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:95-101, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.07 --- Steven C. Bergman: Lamproites and other potassium-rich igneous rocks: a review of their occurrence, mineralogy and geochemistry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:103-190, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.08 --- Nicholas M.S. Rock: The nature and origin of lamprophyres: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:191-226, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.09 --- David A. Clague: Hawaiian alkaline volcanism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:227-252, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.10 --- Barry L. Weaver, David A. Wood, John Tarney, and Jean Louis Joron: Geochemistry of ocean island basalts from the South Atlantic: Ascension, Bouvet, St. Helena, Gough and Tristan da Cunha / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:253-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.11 --- Chris Harris and Simon M.F. Sheppard: Magma and fluid evolution in the lavas and associated granite xenoliths of Ascension Island / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:269-272, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.12 --- J. G. Fitton: The Cameroon line, West Africa: a comparison between oceanic and continental alkaline volcanism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:273-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.13 --- B.H. Baker: Outline of the petrology of the Kenya rift alkaline province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:293-311, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.14 --- R. Macdonald: Quaternary peralkaline silicic rocks and caldera volcanoes of Kenya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:313-333, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.15 --- A. R. Woolley and G. C. Jones: The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:335-355, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16 --- P. Bowden, R. Black, R. F. Martin, E. C. Ike, J. A. Kinnaird, and R. A. Batchelor: Niger-Nigerian alkaline ring complexes: a classic example of African Phanerozoic anorogenic mid-plate magmatism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:357-379, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.17 --- J. P. Liégeois and R. Black: Alkaline magmatism subsequent to collision in the Pan-African belt of the Adrar des Iforas (Mali) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:381-401, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.18 --- C. J. N. Fletcher and B. Beddoe-Stephens: The petrology, chemistry and crystallization history of the Velasco alkaline province, eastern Bolivia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:403-413, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.19 --- Daniel S. Barker: Tertiary alkaline magmatism in Trans-Pecos Texas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:415-431, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.20 --- G. Nelson Eby: The Monteregian Hills and White Mountain alkaline igneous provinces, eastern North America / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:433-447, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.21 --- B.G.J. Upton and C.H. Emeleus: Mid-Proterozoic alkaline magmatism in southern Greenland: the Gardar province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:449-471, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.22 --- Lotte Melchior Larsen and Henning Sørensen: The Ilímaussaq intrusion—progressive crystallization and formation of layering in an agpaitic magma / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:473-488, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.23 --- T. F. D. Nielsen: Tertiary alkaline magmatism in East Greenland: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:489-515, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.24 --- Hilary Downes: Tertiary and Quaternary volcanism in the Massif Central, France / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:517-530, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.25 --- L. N. Kogarko: Alkaline rocks of the eastern part of the Baltic Shield (Kola Peninsula) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30:531-544, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.26

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION Sediments are increasingly recognized as both a carrier and a possible source of contaminants in aquatic systems, and these materials may also affect groundwater quality and agricultural products when disposed on land. Contaminants are not necessarily fixed permanently by the sediment, but may be recycled via biological and chemical agents both within the sedimentary compartment and the water column. Bioaccumulation and food chain transfer may be strongly affected by sediment-associated proportions of pollutants. Benthic organisms, in particular, have direct contact with sediment, and the contaminant level in the sediment may have greater impact on their survival than do aqueous concentrations. Following the findings of positive correlations between liver lesions in English Sole and concentrations of certain aromatic hydrocarbons in Puget Sound (Washington) sediment, it can be suspected that such substrates may also be responsible for a host of other serious and presently unrecognized changes at both the organismal and ecosystem levels (Malins et al., 1984). Modern research on particle-bound contaminants probably originated with the idea that sediments reflect the biological, chemical and physical conditions in a water body (Züllig, 1956). Based on this concept the historical evolution of limnological parameters could be traced back from the study of vertical sediment profiles. In fact, already early in this century Nipkow (1920) suggested that the alternative sequence of layers in a sediment core from Lake Zürich might be related to variations in the trophic status of the lake system. During the following decades of limnological research on eutrophication problems sediment aspects were playing only a marginal role, until it was recognized that recycling from bottom deposits can be a significant factor in the nutrient budget of an aquatic system. Similarly, in the next global environmental issue, the acidification of inland waters sediment-related research only became gradually involved. Here too, it is now accepted that particle-interactions can affect aquatic ecosystems, e.g. by enhancing the mobility of toxic metals. In contrast to the eutrophication and acidification problems, research on toxic chemicals has included sediments aspects from its beginning: Artificial radionuclides in the Columbia and Clinch Rivers in the early sixties (Sayre et al., 1963); in the late sixties heavy metals in the Rhine River system (De Groot, 1966) and methyl mercury (Jensen & Jerne- 16v, 1967) at Minamata Bay in Japan, in Swedish lakes, in Alpine Lakes, Laurentian Great Lakes and in the Wabigoon River system in Canada; organochlorine insecticides and PCBs in Lakes St. Clair and Erie during the seventies (Frank et al., 1977); chlorobenzenes and TCDDs in the Niagara River system and Lake Ontario in the early eighties (Oliver & Nicol, 1982; Smith et al., 1983). In the present lecture notes, following the description of priority pollutants related to sedimentary phases (Chapter 2), four aspects will be covered, which in an overlapping succession also reflect the development of knowledge in particle-associated pollutants during the past twenty-five years: - the identification, surveillance, monitoring and control of sources and distribution of pollutants (Chapter 3); - the evaluation of solid/solution relations of contaminants in surface waters (Chapter 4); - the study of in-situ processes and mechanisms in pollutant transfer in various compartments of the aquatic ecosystems (Chapter 5);- The assessment of the envlroD-mental impact of particle-bound contaminants, i.e. the development of sediment quality criteria (Chapter 6). A final chapter will focus on practical aspects with contaminated sediments. Available technologies will be described as well as future perspectives for the management of dredged materials. Here too, validity of remedial measures can only be assessed by integrated, multidisciplinary research. In the view of the growing information on the present subject and owing to the limitations in the framework of this monography, the reader is referred to additional selected bibliography, which is attached at the end of this Chapter i. Additional information on the more recent publications on contaminated sediments is given in the annual review volume of the Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, June edition.

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE During the so-called Mid-Cretaceous interval, approximately 100 million years ago, the earth experienced a dynamic phase in its geologic history. Enhanced global tectonic activity resulted in a major rearrangment of the continental plates; accelerated spreading rates induced a first-order sea level highstand; intense off-ridge volcanism contributed to a modeled high atmospheric CO 2 rate; climatic conditions fluctuated; and major changes occurred in biologic evolutionary patterns. With the initiation of a gradual change from an equatorial, east-west directed current-circulation pattern to a regime, dominated by south-north and north-south directed current systems, the earth's internal clock was set for Cenozoic, "modern" times. The Mid-Cretaceous dynamic phase is recorded in a suite of sediments of remarkable similarity around the globe. Shallow-water carbonate platforms drowned on a global scale; widespread sediment-starved, glauconite and phosphate- rich sequences developed; and consequently, pelagic sedimentary regimes "invaded" shelf and epicontinental sea areas. This typical "deepening-upward" pattern is well-documented in Mid-Cretaceous sequences along the northern Tethys margin. Shallow-water carbonates are overlain by condensed glauconitic and phosphatic sediments, which, in turn, are blanketed by pelagic carbonates. In this volume, the example of the western Austrian helvetic Alps, built up of inner and outer shelf sediments deposited along the northern Tethys margin, is used to elucidate the paleoceanographic conditions, under which the Mid-Cretaceous triad of platform carbonates, condensed phosphatic and glauconitic sediments, and pelagic carbonates was formed. In the first part, the evolution of this sequence is traced from the demise of the platform (Aptian) to the return of detritus-dominated deposition (Upper Santonian). The second part includes a discussion of the reconstructed paleoceanographic and tectonic variables, their possible interaction, as well as their influence on sediment properties during this period. Special attention is paid to (1) subsidence behavior of the inner, platform-based shelf and the outer shelf beyond the platform, (2) ammonoid paleobiogeography, (3) the northern tethyan current system and its impact on sediment patterns, (4) the influence of an oxygen minimum zone, (5) sediment bypassing mechanisms on the inner shelf, (6) condensation processes, (7) phosphogenesis, (8) relative sea level changes, (9) genesis and the development of unconformities, (10) tectonic phases and their impact on sediment configuration, (11) drowning of the shallow-water carbonate platform, and (12) "asymmetric" sedimentary cycles. The detailed reconstruction of the development of sedimentary patterns both in time and space in this particular area, and its environmental interpretation, given in this volume, may serve as a contribution to a better understanding of the Mid-Cretaceous dynamic phase in earth's history...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE The Lower Triassic Buntsandstein in Middle Europe which originated in mainly continental fluvla] environment in the Mid-European Triassic Basin is a famous terrestrial red bed sequence that is discussed in the geological literature since more than 200 years. Much of the earlier work had been devoted to stratigraphical, palaeogeographical and petrographical problemsof the Buntsandstein. The sedimentological analysis and deposltional modelling in the German-type facies, however, is the youngest branch of Buntsandstein investigation and started only a few decades ago. During the last ten years when I began to concentrate on the interpretation of the genesis of the Buntsandstein, much work has been carried out and has already been documented in numerous papers that focussed on various aspects of sedimentology, particularly on reconstruction of fluvial and aeolian depositional mechanisms, significance of palaeosols, importance of fluvial conglomerates, palaeoecology of the fossils, interdisciplinary sedimentology, diagenesis of heavy minerals and origin of the red colour. A summary of the present knowledge in the western part of the German Basin is given in a compilation of regional articles together with general discussions and comparative contributions and especially with an extensive colour photographic documentation in an earlier book (reference on p. 12). In the last few years when more and more material became available not only from the Buntsandstein s. str. (Lower Triassic Scythian) in the Mid-European Triassic Basin, but also from correlative sequences in adjoining areas and even older or younger series of similar facies and origin, it became more and more evident that a synthesis of the state of the art would be necessary, if not inevitably for outlining the general frame and illustrating the diversification of facies associations in numerous temporal and spatial scales. That is why I decided to edit an international proceedings volume on the Buntsandstein which is to compile contributions from many regions and different stratigraphic units with emphasis on various aspects of fluvia] sedi~ntation, but stressing also the importance of the distribution of associated environments such as aeolian dunes and calcrete palaeosols. In spite of my own enthusiasm for the Buntsandstein continental red bed formation (the Lower Triassic red rocks seem to have a very special flavour for being so attractive for me) and regardless of the expansion of my investigations from my original Eife] area (where I learnt how to assess the facies assoCiations in terms of depositional modelling and where I collected an enormous amount of data that served as a valuable base for the production of various case studies which were published during the last years) to several other regions, it was without any doubt that it would not be possible for me alone to finish such an overregional proceedings book within a reasonable time, but that I had to beg various colleagues for their collaboration by writing papers on the Buntsandstein in their investigated areas for this volume. Although the response to my first and second circulars soon showed that it would not be possible to publish a compilation of articles from almost all the studied regions, formations and aspects within a reasonable time with avoiding too much delay of appearance for early contributors, I am very happy that finally many colleagues provided me with papers from almost all the countries in Europe where Buntsandstein is cropping out at the surface. In spite of the tremendous editorial work which was necessary to polish the English, to improve the contents of text and drawings and to put the sequence of papers into a general stream line, I would like to thank all my colleagues who contributed to this volume for their support of the project and particularly for their understanding of my editorial task, especially in case of my frequently serious intervention into their early manuscripts and illustrations. Looking for a publisher in the early stages of planning the volume, I found immediately support by Dr. W. Engel (Department of Geological Sciences of the Springer- Verlag) who generously offered me to take the book into the newly founded series "Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences". From the beginning of organization, writing and editing, I appreciated very much the close cooperation with Dr. Engel who always had an ear for my problems and gave me the necessary freedom to finish the volume along the lines of my intention. Although the preparation of the camera-ready manuscript leaves nearly all the work and responsibility with the author, I am especially grateful to Dr. Engel for his guarantee of almost immediate publication after receipt of the final manuscript which allowed me to polish and incorporate latest ideas up to the very terminal moment. Writing on a subject like the Buntsandstein which has proven to be considerably diversified in terms of sedimentary processes and depositional mechanisms, it became soon apparent that a full discussion along my original intention would easily end up with several thousands of pages in size and would consume much more than a few years. Having already rePeatedly experienced in the past that during course of incorporation of nearly all the relevant literature, the reference l i s t of the final paper is often longer than the whole first draft of the article after one or two years collection of data and ideas, there was no other way than to decide to keep the bibliography short. In order to restrict the book to an economical frame and not to frighten the readership to death, but especially to avoid drowning of the red line through the volume, many contributions had to be written as summary presentations without detailed discussion of the literature. Speaking particularly for the articles that have been written by myself either alone or together with friends, I can assure that this is by no means the result of proud neglectance of other works, but only the necessity of streamlining of the book, and that much of the detailed discussion of comparative examples from the literature has to be done in subsequent special papers. It is impossible to acRnowledge all the people that helped me to arrive at the present goal. Special merits, however, deserve those who stimulated my interest for the Buntsandstein. I am especially indebted to Prof. Dr. G. Fuchs (Landessammlungen fur Naturkunde, Karlsruhe) who proposed me ten years ago to work on the Eifel Buntsandstein for my M.Sc. Thesis, and who later supervised together with Prof. Dr. W. Dachroth (Department of Geology and Palaeontology, University of Heidelberg) the preparation of my Ph.D. Thesis. The good luck of the former to choose the Eifel for me as a starting region (which later proved to have a key position for approaching the evolution of fluvial sedimentation in many other Buntsandstein areas), and the earlier investigations of the latter (although largely unpublished and even only briefly touched in his contribution to this volume) triggered my love of the Buntsandstein which has reached a preliminary climax with the present book. It is my pleasure to dedicate this volume to my two former supervisors with very many thanks for their support and in honour of their merit to have lighted the fire. It is my sincere wish to acknowledge again all the people who contributed with articles to this volume for their help to prepare this summary of the state of the art of Buntsandstein fluvial sedimento]og~y. I also want to sincerely thank all friends and colleagues who supplied ideas and facts in oral or written form and who guided me in the field during course of my comparative investigations that helped me considerably in proceeding with the interpretation of the Buntsandstein. Thanks are also due to Helmut Mader (my father) and Martha Herrmann (my aunt) for their support. I am further indebted to those who have been involved in the various technical aspects of the preparation of the manuscript from the beginning of word processor typesetting of the text and reprography of the illustrations to the final printing. I do hope that the compilation of articles on fluvial aspects of the Buntsandstein in this book will stimulate the interest of many people in the topic of sedimentological modelling of terrestrial red bed sequences and will internationally highlight the position of the Buntsandstein as an extraordinarily attractive case history of fluvial deposition.

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION The evaporite deposits of the Werra district, especially in the Hattorf mining field, are considered a worldwide unique location for the occurence of numerous basalt dikes and magmatic fluid phases fixed in salt rocks. In spite of the great number of studies dealing with the magmatites in the Werra region, previous investigations have rarely attempted more than a predominantly 'qualitative' description of the basaltic rocks and the effects of volcanism on the evaporites (see Chapter 2). The method of interpreting the mineralogical and chemical composition of the evaporites at the basalt contact is based on previous works (KNIPPING 1984; KNIPPING & HERRMANN 1985). This study should contribute to understanding (i) the mechanism of intrusion of the basaltic rnelts and (ii) the metamorphic processes occurring in the evaporites caused by mobile phases during volcanism. Hence, the following methods were applied: The mineralogical and chemical description of the basaltic rocks with recent nomenclature including the possible differences between individual dikes and between surface- and subsurface-exposed basalts. Seven surface and 48 subsurface exposures at the Hattorf mine of Kali & Salz AG were studied. Application of the most recent knowledge on basalt genesis for interpreting observational and experimental results. Studies on the sulfur and carbon isotope distributions of the native sulfur from several subsurface exposures and the enrichments of gases (predominantly CO2) in the evaporites. Calculation of the spatial and temporal temperature distribution in the evaporite rocks following intrusion of the basaltic melts. For purposes of clarity a few of the terms which will be used frequently here will first be defined: basalt - all of the intrusive rocks studied can be assigned mineralogically and chemically to the basalt family in a broader sense. Thus, the terms basaltic rock or, in short, basalt will be used for these rocks. rock salt - instead of the term salt for halitic rocks the term rock salt is used. Besides, the evaporites are generally designated as host rocks (for the basalt dikes) as well. gases - especially in the German literature the term carbon dioxide or carbonic acid (= Kohlensäure) is frequently used for the gases enclosed in the evaporites of the Werra-Fulda district. ACKERMANN et al (1964) found, in addition to carbon dioxide, considerable amounts of nitrogen and minor amounts of methane. In the following therefore the terms gas mixture or gas will be used. The various basalt dikes found in the Hattorf mining field are described here in terms of their mineralogy and geochemistry for the first time. In doing so it is necessary to number them from east to west. To avoid confusion with older numerations (e.g. SIEMENS 1971) the various dike systems are designated by capital letters (A to P).

Description / Table of Contents: This is volume I of the two-volume special issue Scattering and Attenuation of Seismic Waves which will contain total 17 invited review papers and about 30 c- tributed papers. The scope and contents of the special issue are described in the following Introduction. This volume includes 21 contributed papers arranged in the following order: Scattering theory and modeling including the scattering attenuation and its separation from the intrinsic attenuation; numerical method and simulation; field observation including coda Q and surface wave Q measurement; inversion; laboratory attenuation measurement of rock samples.

Description / Table of Contents: PAGEOPH, stratosphere, these differences provide us with new evidence, interpretation of which can materially help to advance our understanding of stratospheric dynamics in general. It is now weil established that smaller-scale motions-in particular gravity waves and turbulence-are of fundamental importance in the general circulation of the mesosphere; they seem to be similarly, if less spectacularly, significant in the troposphere, and probably also in the stratosphere. Our understanding of these motions, their effects on the mean circulation and their mutual interactions is progressing rapidly, as is weil illustrated by the papers in this issue; there are reports of observational studies, especially with new instruments such as the Japanese MV radar, reviews of the state of theory, a laboratory study and an analysis of gravity waves and their effects in the high resolution "SKYHI" general circulation model. There are good reasons to suspect that gravity waves may be of crucial significance in making the stratospheric circulation the way it is (modeling experience being one suggestive piece of evidence for this). Direct observational proof has thus far been prevented by the difficulty of making observations of such scales of motion in this region; in one study reported here, falling sphere observations are used to obtain information on the structure and intensity of waves in the upper stratosphere.

Description / Table of Contents: A. J. Fleet, K. Kelts, and M. R. Talbot: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:vii-x, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.01 --- Part I Tectonic, Geological, Geochemical and Biological Framework --- K. Kelts: Environments of deposition of lacustrine petroleum source rocks: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:3-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.02 --- J. F. Talling: Modern phytoplankton production in African lakes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:27-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.03 --- M. R. Talbot: The origins of lacustrine oil source rocks: evidence from the lakes of tropical Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:29-43, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.04 --- P. De Deckker: Large Australian lakes during the last 20 million years: sites for petroleum source rock or metal ore deposition, or both? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:45-58, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.05 --- R. S. Oremland, J. E. Cloern, R. L. Smith, C. W. Culbertson, J. Zehr, L. Miller, B. Cole, R. Harvey, Z. Sofer, N. Iversen, M. Klug, D. J. Des Marais, and G. Rau: Microbial and biogeochemical processes in Big Soda Lake, Nevada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:59-75, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.06 --- C. P. Summerhayes: Predicting palaeoclimates / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:77-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.07 --- Part II Palaeoenvironmental Indicators --- B. J. Katz: Clastic and carbonate lacustrine systems: an organic geochemical comparison (Green River Formation and East African lake sediments) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:81-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.08 --- M. Vandenbroucke and F. Behar: Geochemical characterization of the organic matter from some recent sediments by a pyrolysis technique / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:91-101, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.09 --- J. K. Volkman: Biological marker compounds as indicators of the depositional environments of petroleum source rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:103-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.10 --- H. L. ten Haven, J. W. de Leeuw, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, P. A. Schenck, S. E. Palmer, and J. E. Zumberge: Application of biological markers in the recognition of palaeohypersaline environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:123-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.11 --- W. Davison: Interactions of iron, carbon and sulphur in marine and lacustrine sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:131-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.12 --- R. F. Yuretich: Possible relationships of stratigraphy and clay mineralogy to source rock potential in lacustrine sequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:139-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.13 --- B. Bahrig: Palaeo-environment information from deep water siderite (Lake of Laach, West Germany) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:153-158, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.14 --- Jiang De-xin: Spores and pollen in oils as indicators of lacustrine source rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:159-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.15 --- Part III Case Studies --- A. D. Duncan and R. F. M. Hamilton: Palaeolimnology and organic geochemistry of the Middle Devonian in the Orcadian Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:173-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.16 --- S. J. Hillier and J. E. A. Marshall: Hydrocarbon source rocks, thermal maturity and burial history of the Orcadian Basin, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.17 --- J. Parnell: Significance of lacustrine cherts for the environment of source-rock deposition in the Orcadian Basin, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:205-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.18 --- G. W. F. Loftus and J. T. Greensmith: The lacustrine Burdiehouse Limestone Formation—a key to the deposition of the Dinantian Oil Shales of Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:219-234, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.19 --- J. Parnell: Lacustrine petroleum source rocks in the Dinantian Oil Shale Group, Scotland: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:235-246, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.20 --- P. J. W. Gore: Lacustrine sequences in an early Mesozoic rift basin: Culpeper Basin, Virginia, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:247-278, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.21 --- Fu Jiamo, Sheng Guoying, and Liu Dehan: Organic geochemical characteristics of major types of terrestrial petroleum source rocks in China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:279-289, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.22 --- Luo Binjie, Yang Xinghua, Lin Hejie, and Zheng Guodong: Characteristics of Mesozoic and Cenozoic non-marine source rocks in north-west China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:291-298, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.23 --- S. C. Brassell, G. Eglinton, Guoying Sheng, and Jiamo Fu: Biological markers in lacustrine Chinese oil shales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:299-308, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.24 --- Wang Tieguan, Fan Pu, and F. M. Swain: Geochemical characteristics of crude oils and source beds in different continental facies of four oil-bearing basins, China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:309-325, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.25 --- D. M. McKirdy, R. E. Cox, and J. G. G. Morton: Biological marker, isotopic and geological studies of lacustrine crude oils in the western Otway Basin, South Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:327, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.26 --- A. C. Hutton: The lacustrine Condor oil shale sequence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:329-340, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.27 --- M. R. Gibling: Cenozoic lacustrine basins of South-east Asia, their tectonic setting, depositional environment and hydrocarbon potential / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:341-351, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.28 --- P. Anadón, L. Cabrera, and R. Julià: Anoxic-oxic cyclical lacustrine sedimentation in the Miocene Rubielos de Mora Basin, Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:353-367, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.29 --- R. Crossley and B. Owen: Sand turbidites and organic-rich diatomaceous muds from Lake Malawi, Central Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:369-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.30

Description / Table of Contents: J.S. Daly, R.A. Cliff, and B.W.D. Yardley: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.01 --- E. J. Essene: The current status of thermobarometry in metamorphic rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:1-44, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.02 --- L. Ya. Aranovich and K. K. Podlesskii: Geothermobarometry of high-grade metapelites: simultaneously operating reactions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:45-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.03 --- Frank S. Spear: Relative thermobarometry and metamorphic P-T, paths / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:63-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.04 --- R. H. Vernon: Porphyroblast-matrix microstructural relationships: recent approaches and problems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:83-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.05 --- John Ridley: Vertical movement in orogenic belts and the timing of metamorphism relative to deformation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:103-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.06 --- R. A. Jamieson and C. Beaumont: Deformation and metamorphism in convergent orogens: a model for uplift and exhumation of metamorphic terrains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:117-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.07 --- Peter K. Zeitler: The geochronology of metamorphic processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:131-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.08 --- James J. Irwin, Charles Kirschbaum, Tek. H. Lim, Derek Powell, and William E. Glassley: A laser-microprobe study of argon isotopes in deformed pegmatites from the Northern Highlands of Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:149-160, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.09 --- A. Reuter and R. D. Dallmeyer: K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of cleavage formed during very low-grade metamorphism: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:161-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.10 --- Hanan J. Kisch: Discordant relationship between degree of very low-grade metamorphism and the development of slaty cleavage / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:173-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.11 --- J. J. De Yoreo, D. R. Lux, and C. V. Guidotti: The role of crustal anatexis and magma migration in the thermal evolution of regions of thickened continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:187-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.12 --- C. P. Chamberlain and Douglas Rumble III: The influence of fluids on the thermal history of a metamorphic terrain: New Hampshire, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:203-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.13 --- Howard W. Day and C. Page Chamberlain: Implications of thermal and baric structure for controls on metamorphism: northern New England, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:215-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.14 --- L. Aguirre, B. Levi, and J. O. Nyström: The link between metamorphism, volcanism and geotectonic setting during the evolution of the Andes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:223-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.15 --- T. M. Gordon: Thermal evolution of the Kisseynew sedimentary gneiss belt, Manitoba: metamorphism at an early Proterozoic accretionary margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:233-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.16 --- Peter H. Thompson: An empirical model for metamorphic evolution of the Archaean Slave Province and adjacent Thelon Tectonic Zone, north-western Canadian Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:245-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.17 --- Amalbikash Mukherjee: P-T-time history and thermal modelling of an anorthosite-granulite interface, Eastern Ghats metamorphic belt, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:265-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.18 --- Leonid L. Perchuk: P-T-fluid regimes of metamorphism and related magmatism with specific reference to the granulite-facies Sharyzhalgay complex of Lake Baikal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:275-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.19 --- D. Ackermand, B. F. Windley, and A. Razafiniparany: The Precambrian mobile belt of southern Madagascar / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:293-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.20 --- I. Cartwright and A. C. Barnicoat: Evolution of the Scourian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:297-301, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.21 --- M. A. H. Maboko, I. McDougall, and P. K. Zeitler: Metamorphic P-T path of granulites in the Musgrave Ranges, central Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:303-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.22 --- Eileen McLellan, Daniel Linder, and Jenny Thomas: Multiple granulite-facies events in the southern Appalachians, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:309-314, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.23 --- James M. McLelland: Pre-granulite-facies metamorphism in the Adirondack Mountains, New York / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:315-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.24 --- F. Mengel and T. Rivers: Thermotectonic evolution of proterozoic and reworked Archaean terranes along the Nain-Churchill boundary in the Saglek Area, northern Labrador / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:319-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.25 --- Motoyoshi Yoichi, Satoshi Matsubara, and Hiroharu Matsueda: P-T evolution of the granulite-facies rocks of the Lützow-Holm Bay region, East Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:325-329, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.26 --- H. R. Rollinson: Garnet—orthopyroxene thermobarometry of granulites from the north marginal zone of the Limpopo belt, Zimbabwe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:331-335, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.27 --- Volker Schenk: P-T-t path of the lower crust in The Hercynian fold belt of southern Calabria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:337-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.28 --- Daniel Vielzeuf and Christian Pin: Geodynamic implications of granulitic rocks in the Hercynian belt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:343-348, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.29 --- R. G. Warren and B. J. Hensen: The P-T evolution of the Proterozoic Arunta Block, central Australia, and Implications for tectonic evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:349-355, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.30 --- D. J. Waters: Metamorphic evidence for the heating and cooling path of Namaqualand granulites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:357-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.31 --- I. S. Buick and T. J. B. Holland: The P-T-t path associated with crustal extension, Naxos, Cyclades, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:365-369, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.32 --- M. Franceschelli, I. Memmi, F. Pannuti, and C. A. Ricci: Diachronous metamorphic equilibria in the Hercynian basement of northern Sardinia, Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:371-375, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.33 --- P. K. Verma: The Himalayan metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:377-383, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.34 --- A. J. Barker and M. W. Anderson: The Caledonian structural—metamorphic evolution of south Troms, Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:385-390, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.35 --- Kevin W. Burton, Alan P. Boyle, Wendy L. Kirk, and Roger Mason: Pressure, temperature and structural evolution of the Sulitjelma fold-nappe, central Scandinavian Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:391-411, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.36 --- A. H. N. Rice, R. E. Bevins, D. Robinson, and D. Roberts: Thrust-related metamorphic inversion in the Caledonides of Finnmark, north Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:413-421, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.37 --- J. P. Burg, A. F. Leyreloup, F. Romney, and C. P. Delor: Inverted metamorphic zonation and Variscan thrust tectonics in the rouergue area (Massif Central, France): P-T-t record from mineral to regional scale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:423-439, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.38 --- Cl. Audren and Cl. Triboulet: Pressure–temperature–time–deformation paths in metamorphic rocks and tectonic processes, as exemplified by the Variscan orogeny in South Brittany, France / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:441-446, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.39 --- David A. Brew, Arthur B. Ford, and Glen R. Himmelberg: Evolution of the western part of the Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex, South-Eastern Alaska, USA: A Summary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:447-452, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.40 --- J. C. Schumacher, Renate Schumacher, and Peter Robinson: Acadian metamorphism in central massachusetts and south-western New Hampshire: evidence for contrasting P-T trajectories / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:453-460, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.41 --- Jeffrey A. Grambling, Michael L. Williams, Christopher K. Mawer, and Roger F. Smith: Metamorphic evolution of Proterozoic rocks in New Mexico / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:461-467, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.42 --- G. T. R. Droop and I. Y. Al-Filali: Magmatism, deformation and high-T, low-P regional metamorphism in the Nabitah mobile belt, southern Arabian Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:469-480, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.43 --- Y. Hiroi and S. Kishi: P-T evolution of Abukuma metamorphic rocks in north-east Japan: metamorphic evidence for oceanic crust obduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:481-486, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.44 --- M. Komatsu, Y. Osanai, T. Toyoshima, and S. Miyashita: Evolution of the Hidaka metamorphic belt, northern Japan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:487-493, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.45 --- Pentti Hölttä: General features of early Proterozoic metamorphism in the Pielavesi area, Near the Archaean craton Margin, central Finland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:495-499, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.46 --- Kevin A. Jones and Michael Brown: The metamorphic evolution of the Southern Brittany migmatite belt, France / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:501-505, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.47 --- P. J. O'Brien: A study of retrogression in eclogites of the Oberpfalz Forest, north-east Bavaria, West Germany, and their significance in the tectonic evolution of the Bohemian Massif / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:507-512, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.48 --- I. S. Sanders: Phase relations and P-T conditions for eclogite-facies rocks at Glenelg, north-west Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:513-517, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.49 --- Shohei Banno and Chihiro Sakai: Geology and metamorphic evolution of the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt, Japan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:519-532, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.50 --- Akira Takasu: P-T histories of peridotite and amphibolite tectonic blocks in the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt, Japan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:533-538, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.51 --- A. C. Barnicoat and N. Fry: Eoalpine high-pressure metamorphism in the Piemonte zone of the Alps: south-west Switzerland and north-west Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:539-544, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.52 --- H.-J. Massonne and C. Chopin: P-T history of the Gran Paradiso (Western Alps) metagranites based on phengite geobarometry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:545-549, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.53 --- P. J. Treble: The Voltri Group, northern Italy: an Alpine ophiolite massif / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:551-556, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.54 --- Colin N. Waters: The metamorphic evolution of the Schistes lustrés ophiolite, Cap Corse, Corsica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:557-562, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.55

Description / Table of Contents: L. M. Parson and A. C. Morton: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:ix-xii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.01: Volcanic and Tectonic Framework --- R. S. White: A hot-spot model for early Tertiary volcanism in the N Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:3-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.02 --- M. H. P. Bott: A new look at the causes and consequences of the Icelandic hot-spot / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:15-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.03 --- J. F. Dewey and B. F. Windley: Palaeocene-Oligocene tectonics of NW Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:25-31, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.04 --- Dipping Reflectors and NE Atlantic Evolution --- J. C. Mutter and C. M. Zehnder: Deep crustal structure and magmatic processes: the inception of seafloor spreading in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:35-48, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.05 --- J. Skogseid and O. Eldholm: Early Cainozoic evolution of the Norwegian volcanic passive margin and the formation of marginal highs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:49-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.06 --- L. M. Parson and the ODP Leg 104 Scientific Party: Dipping reflector styles in the NE Atlantic Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:57-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.07 --- L. G. Viereck, P. N. Taylor, L. M. Parson, A. C. Morton, J. Hertogen, I. L. Gibson, and the ODP Leg 104 Scientific Party: Origin of the Palaeogene Vøring Plateau volcanic sequence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:69-83, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.08 --- S. T. Gudlaugsson, K. Gunnarsson, M. Sand, and J. Skogseid: Tectonic and volcanic events at the Jan Mayen Ridge microcontinent / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:85-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.09 --- H. C. Larsen and S. Jakobsdóttir: Distribution, crustal properties and significance of seawards-dipping sub-basement reflectors off E Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:95-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.10 --- M. S. Andersen: Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary extension and volcanism around the Faeroe Islands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:115-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.11 --- R. J. Merriman, P. N. Taylor, and A. C. Morton: Petrochemistry and isotope geochemistry of early Palaeogene basalts forming the dipping reflector sequence SW of Rockall Plateau, NE Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:123-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.12 --- J. I. Faleide, A. M. Myhre, and O. Eldholm: Early Tertiary volcanism at the western Barents Sea margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:135-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.13 --- L. Kristjansson and J. Helgason: Some properties of basalt lava sequences and volcanic centres in a plate-boundary environment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:147-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.14 --- H. C. Larsen: A multiple and propagating rift model for the NE Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:157-158, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.15 --- E Greenland and the Faeroe Islands --- R. C. O. Gill, T. F. D. Nielsen, C. K. Brooks, and G. A. Ingram: Tertiary volcanism in the Kangerdlugssuaq region, E Greenland: trace-element geochemistry of the Lower Basalts and tholeiitic dyke swarms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:161-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.16 --- P. M. Holm: Nd, Sr and Pb isotope geochemistry of the Lower Lavas, E Greenland Tertiary Igneous Province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:181-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.17 --- A. J. C. Hogg, J. J. Fawcett, J. Gittins, and M. P. Gorton: Cyclical tholeiitic volcanism and associated magma chambers: eruptive mechanisms in E Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:197-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.18 --- R. H. Noble, R. M. Macintyre, and P. E. Brown: Age constraints on Atlantic evolution: timing of magmatic activity along the E Greenland continental margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:201-214, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.19 --- D. H. Tarling, E. A. Hailwood, and R. Løvlie: A palaeomagnetic study of lower Tertiary lavas in E Greenland and comparison with other lower Tertiary observations in the northern Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:215-224, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.20 --- R. Waagstein: Structure, composition and age of the Faeroe basalt plateau / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:225-238, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.21 --- Volcanism in Basins to the N and W of the British Isles --- F. G. F. Gibb and R. Kanaris-Sotiriou: The geochemistry and origin of the Faeroe-Shetland sill complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:241-252, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.22 --- F. J. Fitch, G. L. Heard, and J. A. Miller: Basaltic magmatism of late Cretaceous and Palaeogene age recorded in wells NNE of the Shetlands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:253-262, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.23 --- A. C. Morton, D. Evans, R. Harland, C. King, and D. K. Ritchie: Volcanic ash in a cored borehole W of the Shetland Islands: evidence for Selandian (late Palaeocene) volcanism in the Faeroes region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:263-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.24 --- M. S. Stoker, A. C. Morton, D. Evans, M. J. Hughes, R. Harland, and D. K. Graham: Early Tertiary basalts and tuffaceous sandstones from the Hebrides Shelf and Wyville-Thomson Ridge, NE Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:271-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.25 --- M. V. Wood, J. Hall, and J. J. Doody: Distribution of early Tertiary lavas in the NE Rockall Trough / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:283-292, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.26 --- A. C. Morton, J. E. Dixon, J. G. Fitton, R. M. Macintyre, D. K. Smythe, and P. N. Taylor: Early Tertiary volcanic rocks in Well 163/6-1A, Rockall Trough / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:293-308, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.27 --- M. P. Tate and M. R. Dobson: Syn- and post-rift igneous activity in the Porcupine Seabight Basin and adjacent continental margin W of Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:309-334, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.28 --- British Tertiary Igneous Province --- A. E. Mussett, P. Dagley, and R. R. Skelhorn: Time and duration of activity in the British Tertiary Igneous Province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:337-348, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.29 --- I. G. Meighan, A. G. McCormick, D. Gibson, J. A. Gamble, and I. J. Graham: Rb-Sr isotopic determinations and the timing of Tertiary central complex magmatism in NE Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:349-360, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.30 --- P. J. O’Connor: Strontium isotope geochemistry of Tertiary igneous rocks, NE Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:361-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.31 --- B. R. Bell and C. H. Emeleus: A review of silicic pyroclastic rocks of the British Tertiary Volcanic Province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:365-379, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.32 --- R. W. England: The early Tertiary stress regime in NW Britain: evidence from the patterns of volcanic activity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:381-389, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.33 --- J. H. Bédard, R. S. J. Sparks, R. Renner, R. Hunter, and M. Cheadle: A re-evaluation of the origin and nature of layered peridotite, troctolite and gabbro in the Eastern Layered Series of the Rhum ultrabasic complex, Inner Hebrides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:391, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.34: The North Sea Sedimentary Record --- O. B. Nielsen and C. Heilmann-Clausen: Palaeogene volcanism: the sedimentary record in Denmark / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:395-405, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.35 --- R. W. O’B. Knox and A. C. Morton: The record of early Tertiary N Atlantic volcanism in sediments of the North Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:407-419, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.36 --- A. Nøttvedt, L. T. Berglund, E. Rasmussen, and R. J. Steel: Some aspects of Tertiary tectonics and sedimentation along the western Barents Shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:421-425, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.37: Review of Igneous Activity --- B. G. J. Upton: History of Tertiary igneous activity in the N Atlantic borderlands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:429-453, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.38

Description / Table of Contents: Continental Rift Basins --- H. G. Reading: African Rift tectonics and sedimentation, an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:3-7, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.01 --- A. T. Grove: Geomorphology of the African Rift System / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:9-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.02 --- African Rift Basin Development --- J. D. Fairhead: Geophysical controls on sedimentation within the African Rift Systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:19-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.03 --- B. R. Rosendahl, D. J. Reynolds, P. M. Lorber, C. F. Burgess, J. McGill, D. Scott, J. J. Lambiase, and S. J. Derksen: Structural expressions of rifting: lessons from Lake Tanganyika, Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:29-43, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.04 --- B. H. Baker: Tectonics and volcanism of the southern Kenya Rift Valley and its influence on rift sedimentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:45-57, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.05 --- L. A. J. Williams and G. R. Chapman: Relationships between major structures, salic volcanism and sedimentation in the Kenya Rift from the equator northwards to Lake Turkana / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:59-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.06 --- C. J. Swain, N. J. Skinner, and M. A. Khan: Depth to metamorphic basement in the Koobi Fora region from seismic and gravity data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:75-84, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.07 --- R. T. Watkins: Volcano-tectonic control on sedimentation in the Koobi Fora sedimentary basin, Lake Turkana / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:85-95, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.08 --- Siliciclastic, Chemical, Pedogenic and Organic Sediments in Contemporary Rift Environments --- I. Reid and L. E. Frostick: Slope processes, sediment derivation and landform evolution in a rift valley basin, northern Kenya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:99-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.09 --- L. E. Frostick and I. Reid: Evolution and sedimentary character of lake deltas fed by ephemeral rivers in the Turkana basin, northern Kenya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:113-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.10 --- A. S. Cohen, D. S. Ferguson, P. M. Gram, S. L. Hubler, and K. W. Sims: The distribution of coarse-grained sediments in modern Lake Turkana, Kenya: implications for clastic sedimentation models of rift lakes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:127-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.11 --- R. F. Yuretich: Controls on the composition of modern sediments, Lake Turkana, Kenya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:141-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.12 --- P. I. Abell and J. P. McClory: Sedimentary carbonates as isotopic marker horizons at Lake Turkana, Kenya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:153-158, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.13 --- R. W. Renaut, J. J. Tiercelin, and R. B. Owen: Mineral precipitation and diagenesis in the sediments of the Lake Bogoria basin, Kenya Rift Valley / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:159-175, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.14 --- H. P. Eugster: Lake Magadi, Kenya: a model for rift valley hydrochemistry and sedimentation? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:177-189, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.15 --- R. Crossley: Sedimentation by termites in the Malawi Rift Valley / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:191-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.16 --- J. Casanova: East African Rift stromatolites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:201-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.17 --- A. Hamilton and D. Taylor: Mire sediments in East Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:211-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.18 --- Sedimentary History of African Rift Basins --- J. J. Tiercelin: The Pliocene Hadar Formation, Afar depression of Ethiopia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:221-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.19 --- M. A. J. Williams, Getaneh Assefa, and D. A. Adamson: Depositional context of Plio-Pleistocene hominid-bearing formations in the Middle Awash valley, southern Afar Rift, Ethiopia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:241-251, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.20 --- R. Bonnefille, C. Robert, A. M. Lezine, G. Perinet, G. Delibrias, C. Elenga, J. P. Herbin, and J. J. Tiercelin: Palaeoenvironment of Lake Abijata, Ethiopia, during the past 2000 years / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:253-265, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.21 --- P. G. Williamson and R. J. G. Savage: Early rift sedimentation in the Turkana basin, northern Kenya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:267-283, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.22 --- A. Hill, G. Curtis, and R. Drake: Sedimentary stratigraphy of the Tugen Hills, Baringo, Kenya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:285-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.23 --- C. K. Nyamweru: Quaternary environments of the Chalbi basin, Kenya: sedimentary and geomorphological evidence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:297-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.24 --- R. B. Owen and R. W. Renaut: Sedimentology, stratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Holocene Galana Boi Formation, NE Lake Turkana, Kenya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:311-322, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.25 --- A. Vincens, J. Casanova, and J. J. Tiercelin: Palaeolimnology of Lake Bogoria (Kenya) during the 4500 BP high lacustrine phase / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:323-330, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.26 --- N. Thouveny and M. Taieb: Preliminary magnetostratigraphic record of Pleistocene deposits, Lake Natron Basin, Tanzania / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:331-336, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.27 --- Sedimentation and the Preservation of Fossil Faunas --- R. L. Hay: Role of tephra in the preservation of fossils in Cenozoic deposits of East Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:339-344, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.28 --- M. Pickford: Sedimentation and fossil preservation in the Nyanza Rift System, Kenya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:345-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.29 --- C. Denys, J. Chorowicz, and J. J. Tiercelin: Tectonic and environmental control on rodent diversity in the Plio-Pleistocene sediments of the African Rift System / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 25:363-372, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.025.01.30

Description / Table of Contents: J. B. Dawson, D. A. Carswell, J. Hall, and K.H. Wedepohl: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.01 --- R. Meissner: Twenty years of deep seismic reflection profiling in Germany—a contribution to our knowledge of the nature of the lower Variscan crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.02 --- D. H. Matthews: Seismic reflections from the lower crust around Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:11-21, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.03 --- S. B. Smithson: A physical model of the lower crust from North America based on seismic reflection data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:23-34, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.04 --- V. Haak and R. Hutton: Electrical resistivity in continental lower crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:35-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.05 --- J. Hall: The physical properties of layered rocks in deep continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:51-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.06 --- D. S. Chapman: Thermal gradients in the continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:63-70, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.07 --- J. F. Dewey: Diversity in the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:71-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.08 --- N. J. Kusznir and R. G. Park: Continental lithosphere strength: the critical role of lower crustal deformation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:79-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.09 --- K. Weber: Metamorphism and crustal rheology—implications for the structural development of the continental crust during prograde metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:95-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.10 --- S. A. F. Murrell: The role of deformation, heat, and thermal processes in the formation of the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:107-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.11 --- K. Fuchs: Intraplate seismicity induced by stress concentration at crustal heterogeneities—the Hohenzollern Graben, a case history / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:119-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.12 --- K. Lambeck: Crustal structure and evolution of the central Australian basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:133-145, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.13 --- R. W. Kay and S. M. Kay: Petrology and geochemistry of the lower continental crust: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:147-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.14 --- J. Touret: Fluid inclusions in rocks from the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:161-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.15 --- S. R. Taylor and S.M. McLennan: The chemical composition of the Archaean crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:173-178, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.16 --- R. L. Rudnick and S. R. Taylor: Geochemical constraints on the origin of Archaean tonalitic-trondhjemitic rocks and implications for lower crustal composition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:179-191, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.17 --- D. A. Carswell and S.J. Cuthbert: Eclogite facies metamorphism in the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:193-209, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.18 --- S. Moorbath and P.N. Taylor: Geochronology and related isotope geochemistry of high-grade metamorphic rocks from the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:211-220, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.19 --- B. F. Windley and J. Tarney: The structural evolution of the lower crust of orogenic belts, present and past / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:221-230, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.20 --- C. Pin and J. D. Sills: Petrogenesis of layered gabbros and ultramafic rocks from Val Sesia, the Ivrea Zone, NW Italy: trace element and isotope geochemistry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:231-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.21 --- S. Robertson: Evolution of the late Archaean lower continental crust in southern West Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:251-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.22 --- L. Schiøtte, D. Bridgwater, K.D. Collerson, A.P. Nutman, and A.B. Ryan: Chemical and isotopic effects of late Archaean high-grade metamorphism and granite injection on early Archaean gneisses, Saglek-Hebron, northern Labrador / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:261-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.23 --- D. M. Shaw, J. J. Cramer, M. D. Higgins, and M. G. Truscott: Composition of the Canadian Precambrian shield and the continental crust of the earth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:275-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.24 --- M. Raith and P. Raase: High grade metamorphism in the granulite belt of Finnish Lapland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:283-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.25 --- R. C. Newton and E.C. Hansen: The South India-Sri Lanka high-grade terrain as a possible deep-crust section / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:297-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.26 --- H.-G. Stosch, G. W. Lugmair, and H.A. Seck: Geochemistry of granulite-facies lower crustal xenoliths: implications for the geological history of the lower continental crust below the Eifel, West Germany / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:309-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.27 --- H. Downes and A. Leyreloup: Granulitic xenoliths from the French Massif Central—petrology, Sr and Nd isotope systematics and model age estimates / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:319-330, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.28 --- J. R. Broadhurst: Mineral reactions in xenoliths from the Colorado Plateau; implications for lower crustal conditions and fluid composition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:331-349, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.29 --- P. W. C. van Calsteren, N. B. W. Harris, C. J. Hawkesworth, M. A. Menzies, and N. W. Rogers: Xenoliths from southern Africa: a perspective on the lower crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:351-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.30 --- W. L. Griffin and S. Y. O’Reilly: The lower crust in eastern Australia: xenolith evidence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:363-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.31

Description / Table of Contents: Circulation, Unconformities and Sedimentation --- Jörn Thiede and Werner U. Ehrmann: Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediment flux to the central North Atlantic Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:3-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.01 --- P. C. de Graciansky, C. Wylie Poag, E. A. Hailwood, R. W. O’B. Knox, D. G. Masson, L. Montadert, C. Ravenne, C. Müller, J. C. Sibuet, J. Sigal, S. W. Snyder, D. W. Waples, and R. Cunningham: Evidence for changes in Mesozoic and Cenozoic oceanic circulation on the south-western continental margin of Ireland: DSDP/IPOD Leg 80 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:17-33, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.02 --- Sherwood W. Wise, Jr., Jan E. Van Hinte, Gregory S. Mountain, Brian N. M. Biart, J. Mitchener Covington, Warren S. Drugg, Dean A. Dunn, John Farre, Daniel Habib, Janet A. Haggerty, Mark W. Johns, Thomas H. Lang, Philip A. Meyers, Kenneth G. Miller, Michel R. Moullade, Jay P. Muza, James G. Ogg, Makoto Okamura, Massimo Sarti, and Ulrich Von Rad: Mesozoic-Cenozoic clastic depositional environments revealed by DSDP Leg 93 drilling on the continental rise off the eastern United States / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:35-66, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.03 --- Malcolm B. Hart and Kim C. Ball: Late Cretaceous anoxic events, sea-level changes and the evolution of the planktonic foraminifera / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:67-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.04 --- I. Pearson and D. Graham Jenkins: Unconformities in the Cenozoic of the North-East Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:79-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.05 --- Robert B. Kidd and Philip R. Hill: Sedimentation on mid-ocean sediment drifts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:87-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.06 --- R. Stein, M. Sarnthein, and J. Suendermann: Late Neogene submarine erosion events along the north-east Atlantic continental margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:103-118, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.07 --- M. Sarnthein and J. Mienert: Sediment waves in the eastern equatorial Atlantic: sediment record during Late Glacial and Interglacial times / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:119-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.08 --- P. P. E. Weaver, R. C. Searle, and A. Kuijpers: Turbidite deposition and the origin of the Madeira Abyssal Plain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:131-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.09 --- Randi Carlsen, Tor Løken, and Elen Roaldset: Late Weichselian transgression, erosion and sedimentation at Gullfaks, northern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 21:145-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.021.01.10

Description / Table of Contents: Processes of Collision Orogeny --- J.F. Dewey, M.R. Hempton, W.S.F. Kidd, F. Saroglu, and A.M.C. Şengör: Shortening of continental lithosphere: the neotectonics of Eastern Anatolia — a young collision zone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:1-36, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.01 --- M. Mattauer: Intracontinental subduction, crust-mantle décollement and crustal-stacking wedge in the Himalayas and other collision belts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:37-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.02 --- R. J. Knipe and D. T. Needham: Deformation processes in accretionary wedges—examples from the SW margin of the Southern Uplands, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:51-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.03 --- Nigel B. W. Harris, Julian A. Pearce, and Andrew G. Tindle: Geochemical characteristics of collision-zone magmatism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:67-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.04 --- Philip C. England and Alan Thompson: Some thermal and tectonic models for crustal melting in continental collision zones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:83-94, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.05 --- S. A. F. Murrell: Mechanics of tectogenesis in plate collision zones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:95-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.06 --- Continent-Continent Collision: Himalayan-Alpine Belt --- P. Tapponnier, G. Peltzer, and R. Armijo: On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:113-157, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.07 --- Patrick Le Fort: Metamorphism and magmatism during the Himalayan collision / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:159-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.08 --- M. Colchen, G. Mascle, and T. Van Haver: Some aspects of collision tectonics in the Indus Suture Zone, Ladakh / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:173-184, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.09 --- M. P. Searle and B. J. Fryer: Garnet, tourmaline and muscovite-bearing leucogranites, gneisses and migmatites of the Higher Himalayas from Zanskar, Kulu, Lahoul and Kashmir / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:185-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.10 --- Michael P. Coward, David C. Rex, M. Asif Khan, Brian F. Windley, Roger D. Broughton, Ian W. Luff, Michael G. Petterson, and Carol J. Pudsey: Collision tectonics in the NW Himalayas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:203-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.11 --- J. C. Hunziker: The Alps: a case of multiple collision / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:221-227, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.12 --- L. E. Ricou and A. W. B. Siddans: Collision tectonics in the Western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:229-244, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.13 --- R. W. H. Butler, S. J. Matthews, and M. Parish: The NW external Alpine Thrust Belt and its implications for the geometry of the Western Alpine Orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:245-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.14 --- James E. T. Channell: Palaeomagnetism and continental collision in the Alpine Belt and the formation of late-tectonic extensional basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:261-284, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.15 --- Continent-Continent Collision: Older Collision Belts --- J. R. Hossack and M. A. Cooper: Collision tectonics in the Scandinavian Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:285-304, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.16 --- C. J. Hawkesworth, M. A. Menzies, and P. van Calsteren: Geochemical and tectonic evolution of the Damara Belt, Namibia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:305-319, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.17 --- M. C. Daly: The intracratonic Irumide Belt of Zambia and its bearing on collision orogeny during the Proterozoic of Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:321-328, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.18 --- R. M. Shackleton: Precambrian collision tectonics in Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:329-349, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.19 --- Continent-Arc Collision --- J. Milsom and M. G. Audley-Charles: Post-collision isostatic readjustment in the Southern Banda Arc / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:351-364, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.20 --- Cordilleran Collision --- D. L. Jones, N. J. Silberling, and P. J. Coney: Collision tectonics in the Cordillera of western N America: examples from Alaska / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:367-387, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.21 --- I. W. D. Dalziel: Collision and Cordilleran orogenesis: an Andean perspective / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19:389-404, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.22

Description / Table of Contents: R. B. Rickards and A. J. Chapman: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:vii-ix, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.01 --- J. Rigby: A critique of graptolite classification, and a revision of the suborders Diplograptina and Monograptina / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:1-12, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.02 --- Adam Urbanek and Piotr Mierzejewski: A possible new pattern of cortical deposit in Tremadoc dendroid graptolites from chert nodules / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:13-19, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.03 --- Bernd-Dietrich Erdtmann: On the anisograptid affiliation of ‘Dictyonema’ flabelliforme (Eichwald 1840) and its nomenclatural consequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:21-25, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.04 --- A. C. Lenz and D. E. Jackson: Arenig and Llanvirn graptolite biostratigraphy, Canadian Cordillera / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:27-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.05 --- Stanley C. Finney and Stig M. Bergström: Biostratigraphy of the Ordovician Nemagraptus gracilis Zone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:47-59, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.06 --- Stig M. Bergström: Biostratigraphic integration of Ordovician graptolite and conodont zones—a regional review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:61-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.07 --- N. W. Schleiger: Cluster analysis of isograptid individuals from Bullengarook, Victoria, Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:79-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.08 --- Nils Spjeldnaes: Astogenetic development of some lower Ordovician graptolites from Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:97-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.09 --- Stanley C. Finney: Heterochrony, punctuated equilibrium, and graptolite zonal boundaries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:103-113, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.10 --- Jianhua Yu and Yiting Fang: The Ordovician graptolite-bearing strata of Xiushui drainage basin, Jiangxi, southern China and their correlation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:115-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.11 --- Charles E. Mitchell: Morphometric studies of Climacograptus (Hall) and the phylogenetic significance of astogeny / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:119-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.12 --- Li-pu Fu: Graptolite zones of upper Ordovician to middle Silurian age in a continuous section at Ziyang, Shaanxi, China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:131-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.13 --- William B.N. Berry: Stratigraphic significance of Glyptograptus persculptus group graptolites in central Nevada, U.S.A. / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:135-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.14 --- P. Legrand: The lower Silurian graptolites of Oued In Djerane: a study of populations at the Ordovician-Silurian boundary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:145-153, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.15 --- A.M. Obut and N.V. Sennikov: Graptolite zones in the Ordovician and Silurian of the Gorny Altai / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:155-164, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.16 --- S. Henry Williams: Top Ordovician and lowest Silurian of Dob’s Linn / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:165-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.17 --- Shi-cheng Huo and De-gan Shu: The Silurian graptolite-bearing strata in China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:173-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.18 --- Merete Bjerreskov: Silurian graptolites from N Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:181-189, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.19 --- Bao Deng: On the morphological characteristics of the spiralis group and the stratigraphic significance of the appearance of Cyrtograptus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:191-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.20 --- Shi-cheng Huo, De-gan Shu, and Fu Li-pu: A mathematical study of the Cyrtograptus sakmaricus lineage with discussions of the evolutionary trends in this lineage / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:197-205, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.21 --- A. M. Obut and N. M. Zaslavskaya: Families of Retiolitida and their phylogenetic relations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:207-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.22 --- D. E. B. Bates and N. H. Kirk: Mode of secretion of graptolite periderm, in normal and retiolite graptolites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:221-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.23 --- J. Paškevičius: Assemblages of Silurian graptolites in various facies of the East Baltic region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:237-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.24 --- Milena Mihajlović Pavlović: Silurian graptolites from Serbia, Yugoslavia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:247, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.25 --- D. C. Palmer: The monotypic ‘population’ accompanying the lectotype of Saetograptus varians (Wood 1900) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:249-259, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.26 --- P. N. Dilly: Modern pterobranchs: observations on their behaviour and tube building / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:261-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.27

Description / Table of Contents: The scientist will be forced, in the unenthusiastic words of one of my scientific colleagues, "to slosh about in the primordial ooze known as inter-disciplinary studies". John Passmore Man’s responsibility for nature The present text has arisen from some thirteen years advances in our perception, appraisal and creative use of collaboration between the two authors. During that of order in natural systems. Out of this can come period, upwards of a dozen postgraduates in enhanced insight into processes, structures and Edinburgh, the New University of Ulster and Liver systems interactions on all temporal and spatial scales pool have been closely involved in exploring many of and at all integrative levels from subatomic to cosmic. the applications of magnetic measurements described In the environment, elements of order are often in the second half of the book. Much of the text is difficult to appraise and analyse, not only because of based on their work, both published and unpublished. intrinsic complexity, but as a consequence of our lack A great deal of the work summarised reflects extensive of techniques, instrumentation and suitable co-operation not only between the authors and among methodologies. Magnetic properties, whether natural their postgraduate groups, but also involving or induced, reflect forms of order which, in recent colleagues in geology, geography, ecology, hydrology, years, have become dramatically more accessible to a meteorology, glaciology, archaeology, limnology, growing range of instruments and techniques.

Description / Table of Contents: Biolaminated deposits, produced by microbial communities, were studied in modern peritidal environments and in the rock record. The term microbial, mat refers to modern, the term stromatolite to ancient analogs. The term biolaminated deposits was used to encompass both microbial mats and stromatolites. Microbial mat environments studied are the Gavish Sabkha, the Solar Lake, both hypersaline back-barrier systems at the Gulf of Aqaba, Sinai Peninsula, and the "Farbstreifen-Sandwatt" (versicolored sandy tidal flats) on Mellum, an island in the estuary embayment of the southern North Sea coast. Three facies-relevant categories were distinguished: (i) the mat-forming microbiota, (2) environmental conditions controlling mat types and lithology, (3) bioturbation and grazing. Cyanobacteria account for biogenic sediment accretion in all cases studied. Three major groups occur: filamentous cyanobacteria, coccoid unicells with binary fission and those with multiple fission. In the presence of these groups the following mat types evolve: (i) continuously flat (stratiform) L~-laminae (occur in all environments studied); (2) translucent, vertically extended Lv-laminae (only Gavish Sabkha and Solar Lake); (3) nodular granules (only Gavish Sabkha). Basically, the development of mats is controlled by moisture. Thus high-lying parts where the groundwater table runs more than 40 cm below surface are bare of mats. These are: The circular slope and elevated center of the Gavish Sabkha, the shorelines of the Solar Lake and the episodically flooded upper supratidal zone of Mellum Island. The following situations of water supply were found to stimulate mat growth: (i) Capillary movement of groundwater to exposed surfaces, (2) shallowest calm water, both realized in the Gavish Sabkha and the Solar Lake. On Mellum Island, mats form in the lower supratidal zone, which is flooded in the spring tide cycle and wetted during low tide by capillary groundwater. Salinity is almost that of normal seawater, whereas in the Solar Lake, it ranges from 45 °/oo to 180 °/oo and in the Gavish Sabkha, it reaches more than 300 °/oo. Salinity increase is correlated with rising concentrations of magnesium and sulfate ions. In the Gavish Sabkha, episodic sheetfloods cause high-rate sedimentation which is accidental to the living mats. Episodic low-rate sedimentation stimulates the mats to grow through the freshly deposited sediment layer. This occurs predominantly on Mellum Island due to eolian transport. Within the Gavish Sabkha, mineralogy of sediments, community structures, standing crops, redox potentials and pH are highly correlative to the increasing evenness in moisture supply which is realized by the inclination of the system below mean sea level. These conditions bring about a lateral sequence of facies types which include (I) siliciclastic biolaminites at the coastal bar base, (2) nodular to biolaminoid carbonates at saline mud flats, (3) regularly stratified stromatolitic carbonates with ooids and oncoids within the hypersaline lagoon, (4) biolaminated sulfate towardthe elevated center. High-magnesium calcite in facies type 3 precipitates around decaying organic matter and forms also the ooids and oncoids. These occur predominantly within hydroplastic Lv-laminae which provide numerous nucleation centers. Within the Solar Lake, facies type 3 (stromatolitic carbonates with ooids and oncoids) is most important, and grows to extraordinary thickness at the lake's shelf. The regular alternation of dark and light laminae results from seasonally oscillating water depths. These conditions couple back over changing light and salinity intensities to changing dominance structures of mat-building communities. Increasing salinity correlates with decreasing water depth and accounts for the relative abundance of coccoid unicells and diatoms, both active producers of extracellular slimes (Lv-laminae). Water depths locally or temporarily increased favor surface colonization by Mic~ocoleu8 chthonoplastes (Lh-laminae). The biolaminated deposits of the versicolored tidal flats on Mellum Island are similar to facies type 1 of the Gavish Sabkha (siliciclastic biolaminites). Differences exist in the lithology: Sediments upon or through which the mats on Mellum Island grow are made up of clean sand. The grains originate predominantly from re-worked glacial sediments and are rounded to well rounded. By contrast, the strong angularity of siliciclastic grains in the Gavish Sabkha clearly shows their status as primary weathering products. In all environments studied, insects play a significant role. Mainly salt beetles contribute to the lebensspuren spectrum. There is no indication that burrowing and grazing beetles and dipterans are detrimental to the growing mat systems. According to the marine fauna, two distributional barriers exist: (i) physical and (2) biogeochemical factors. Physical barriers are (a) hypersalinity and barrier-closing, which restrict the marine fauna in the Gavish Sabkha and the Solar Lake to a few species, mainly meiofaunal elements such as ostracods and copepods. Only in the Gavish Sabkha, one marine gastropod species occurs which colonizes mud flats of lower salinity. A salinity barrier of about 70 °/oo separates the gastropod habitats from the zones of growing mats. Under reduced salinity, the snails are able to destroy the microbial mats completely. (b) Decreasing regularity of flooding in the microbial mat environment of Mellum Island excludes intertidal deformative burrowers such as cockles and lugworms. However, locally the mats are pierced by numerous dwelling traces. These stem from small polychaetes and amphipod crustaceans which are able to spread over the intertidal-supratidal boundary and settle up to the MHWS-Ievel. Biogeochemical barriers are oxygen depletion within the sediments, high ammonia and sulfide contents, which generate through bacterial break-down of organic matter. Within the highly productive mats of Mic~ocoleu8 chthonoplastes on Mellum Island, dwelling traces of marine polychaetes and amphipod crustaceans disappear due to these conditions. The name of the mat-forming species, Microcoleus chthonoplastes, indicates its capacity to form "soils" (Greek chthonos). While lithology is not altered, the presence of Mic~ocoleu8 mats leads to a habitat change which excludes trace-making "arenophile" invertebrate species and favors "chthonophile" species which do not leave traces. Stromatolitic microstructures studied in rock specimens were interpreted using modern analogs: Microcolumnar buildups in Precambrian stromatolites, ooids and oncoids were compared with those of modern microbial mats. The nodular to biolaminoid facies type found in the Gavish Sabkha was suggested to be an analog to the Plattendolomite facies of Permian Zechstein, North Poland. Studies of the Lower Jurassic ironstone of Lorraine clearly indicate that fungi have been involved in the formation of stromatolites, ooids and oncoids. In conclusion, the comparative study of microstructures in microbial mats and stromatolites reveals a better understanding in both fields. In many cases, it was geology which first revealed the similarity of recent forms to those ancient ones and consequently encouraged research into them.

Description / Table of Contents: The study of calcareous bedding rhythms has become an important field in Geology. Often these bedding rhythms are simply interpreted as representations of primary climatic cycles without showing the effects of any appreciable diagenetic overprinting. This study, however, deals predominantly with the diagenetic processes which are usually large and affect both the amplitude and rhythm of carbonate oscillations. The purpose of this textbook is two fold. First, it intends to provide a better understanding of the processes of diagenetic bedding. Secondly, this new approach allows one to quantify and to understand diagenesis in terms of mass exchanges. This is possible through the development of methods which combine chemical data with compaction measurements. These methods can be also used independent of the marl-limestone alternation problem.

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE This volume comprises the main lectures delivered at the Fourth International Summer School in the Mountains on "Mathematical and Numerical Techniques in Physical Geodesy", held from August 25 to September 5, 1986 in Admont, Austria. The School was organized by the Institute of Theoretical Geodesy of the Technical University Graz, Austria under the auspices of the International Association of Geodesy. All five continents were represented by 70 participants from over 20 countries. The purpose of the Summer School was to provide an introduction to advanced techniques which represent the mathematical vehicle for the treatment of modern geodetic problems, to familiarize participants with the present state of the art of global and local gravity field determination methods, ranging from orbit theory, the key satellite techniques, to inertial and standard terrestrial methods, and to discuss future scientific developments. The arrangement of this volume matches the sequence of lectures given at the School. The theoretical PART A represents the mathematical framework of modern physical geodesy, the application PART B deals with the key satellite and surface techniques, providing the detailed structure of the earth's gravity field. PART A: One of the main goals in physical geodesy, global and local gravity field determination, is pursued by extensively applying functional analytic methods. Recently special attention is being given to the base function and norm choice problem, and to the establishment of a sound link between density distributions inside the earth as the source and observed or estimated gravity field quantities as the effect. The lectures by C.C. Tscherning focus on this topic. Space and time dependent problems of discrete and continuous type are encountered in modern geodesy nowadays and dealt with in the lectures by F. Sans6. Estimation theory either in its stochastic or statistic formulation plays a key role in the processing of processes like the earth's gravity field. The consistent processing of large structured data sets calls for equally structured numerical algorithms. Spectral analysis with its powerful fast Fourier transform has become a common tool for the treatment of such problems. An introduction to spectral methods, supplemented by numerous examples, is provided by B. Hofmann-Wellenhof and H. Moritz. PART B: The theory of orbit dynamics, tailored to the near circular orbits of most geodetic satellites, is fundamental to modern geodetic satellite techniques and discussed in the lectures by O.L. Colombo. Particular emphasis is put on the interplay between orbit perturbations and the earth's disturbing gravity field and its mapping by satellite techniques like satellite altimetry, satellite-tosatellite tracking and satellite gradiometry. Satellite gradiometry, which is discussed in the lectures by R. Rummel in detail, with regard to the geometric structure of the gravitational field, the observability of the gradients, and the mathematical model underlying the gravity field recovery problem, promises to provide particularly detailed information about the gravity field of our planet. The global structure of the earth's gravity field is described in terms of earth gravity field models which are derived from both satellite and surface data. The many delicate, mathematically as well as numerically challenging problems, related to the consistent processing of very large space distributed data sets, and proposed solutions are presented in the lecture by R.H. Rapp. For many years various attempts have been made to explain the shorter wavelength part of the earth's anomalous gravity field by isostatic phenomena. Recently several high resolution topographicisostatic earth models have been computed based on global digital terrain data using different techniques fo~ the estimation of the parameters of the chosen isostatic model. A declared goal is the maximum smoothing of the observed gravity field by removing the contribution of the topography and its isostatic compensation. This topic is discussed in the lectures by H. SUnkel. Inertial methods are steadily gaining importance, power and application. This is not only due to hardware improvements in terms of precision and reliability, but also due to recent advances in the mathematical and numerical modelling of the system's performance. An investigation of the error characteristics of inertial survey systems and their interaction with the anomalous gravity field, studied in the framework of dynamic system analysis, is the topic of the lectures by K.-P. Schwarz and the key issue for further improvements and possible integrations with other positioning systems. Geodetic data have both geometric and physical ingredients of various nature. Standard geodetic processing procedures aim at a separation of geometry from physics. Integrated geodesy, in contrast, has been designed as a very sophisticated melting pot which handles practically all available geodetic data in a consistent and optimal way.lt handles surface and satellite data with either geometrically or gravity field dominated content, and geophysical data in terms of density and seismic informatlon just as well and represents as such the great synthesis of mathematical modelling in connexion with geodetic data processing techniques; these advanced ideas are presented in the lectures by G. Hein. This volume presents highlights of modern geodetic activity and takes the reader to the frontiers of current research. It is not a textbook on a closed and limited subject, but rather a reference book for graduates and scientists working in the vast and beautiful, demanding but rewarding field of earth science in general and physical geodesy in particular. The editor expresses his appreciation to all authors of this volume for their advice and help in formulating and designing the scientific program of the Summer School, for providing typewritten lecture notes, and for their excellent cooperation.

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE During the last decades, remarkable progress in heat flow studies has been made and a rough picture of the global surface heat flow density distribution can now be drawn. Simultaneously, the question of over which time period the surface heat flow is constant arose. There is a big field of model calculations, based on the changes in radioactive heat generation of the Earth, on plate motions, on stretching hypotheses or on other ideas, which result in geotherms in the geological past. Although these speculative paleogeotherms seem to be realistic especially in oceanic areas they do not belong to the scope of this book. In continental areas however, it is not possible to find a simple time dependence of the surface heat flow density. However, petroleum research and tectogenetic studies are very interested in the geothermal history of sedimentary basins and other continental areas. To obtain satisfactory results, a more or less direct determination of paleo heat flow density or geothermal gradient would be necessary to give more certain boundary conditions for calculating oil generation, and for controlling tectogenetic hypotheses. There are many methods available in the geosciences to determine temperatures in the geological past. Most of these models are able to estimate temperatures at which a mineral or a mineral assemblage was formed. These methods, however, are mostly unsuitable to reach the main goal of paleogeothermics in general, which is to determine the (regional) heat flow density variations during the geological past for bigger geological units, such as sedimentary basins. The methods applied most in sedimentary basins have been deduced from the degree of coalification of organic matter. Although much effort has been made to explain analytically the organic metamorphism, the results found up to now have been insufficient . However, the widespread application of this thermometer to estimate ancient thermal conditions is also reflected in the contents of this very volume where the interpretation of the degree of coalification of organic matter plays an important role. As well as this geothermometers, other methods are reviewed from a geophysical viewpoint which favours methods suitable to determine a paleothermal state of the upper crust. Further contributions of this book deal with - the history of the earth's surface temperature whose change provides an essential correction factor in heat flow density determinations, - isotope geothermometers and their application to various environments to evaluate thermal conditions in the past geological history, - an application of the radiometric dating method to retrace the paleothermal condition of the Central Alps. Most of the contributions were presented at the symposium "Paleogeothermics" which was held at the 18. General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, August 15-27, 1983 in Hamburg/FRG. It has been the first time that such a symposium has been organized by the International Heat Flow Commission, and this book presents an attempt to define paleogeothermics under the auspices of the International Heat Flow Commission.

Description / Table of Contents: OPENING ADDRESS On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee, I welcome you all to the first International Workshop on GPS-techniques in surveying and geodesy held at this university. This workshop is designed to bring together experts from various countries and also scientists who carry out, analyze and interpret such measurements with those who work on instrumental and theoretical problems. The workshop focuses hereby on high-precision applications with emphasis on monitoring time-dependent phenomena such as those relevant to geodynamics as well as men-made constructions as those in civil engineering and similar fields. It is astonishing to see how, in spite of all earlier satellite work over the last two decades, GPS-methods became so fast a relevant new technology, in its proper sense, in modern geodesy and surveying besides VLBI and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). With the recent development of new dual-frequency receivers the role of GPS-procedures in monitoring large-scale phenomena over big distances will still expand; and the application of kinematical GPS-approaches is of utmost interest in solving high-precision problems. It is indeed fascinating to realize how GPS-methods have become in such a short time a surprisingly efficient and effective, this means : fast, precise and easy to apply, tool which is able to replace already now, after a few years of existence and with an incomplete set of a few out of the 18 satellites (of the final stage), at least partially some expensive, slow and cumbersome classical surveying methods. On the other hand, it cannot be overemphasized that GPS-procedures are still at their beginning and the full spectrum of their capabilities still has to be explored. In Europe, for example, where excellent classical surveying systems do exist the situation is quite different from the situation in other countries such as Canada or the USA. Even within Europe the application types of GPS-methods will vary; for example, in Norway the situation is quite different from central European countries. It is often forgotten, that together with GPS we will have to introduce new concepts and a new thinking in combination with other modern satellite procedures. GPS itself can resolve only a small part of the problems to be solved by modern geodesy but it will open the way to a great variety of new applications and capabilities. Modern global tectonics is just one of the new disciplines of high interest and great practical impact. I could continue in citing other similarly important new fields. GPS is, however, of special importance because it replaces old technologies and fills gaps where modern and efficient tools are most needed. Consequently, also the optimal combination of GPS-methods with new auxiliary and also classical high-precision techniques is of great importance, mainly under the european conditions outlined above. Moreover, the real-time or almost-real-time use of GPS in combination with photogrammetry, inertial geodesy, gravity gradiometry or even classical surveying is of substantial interest. It is indeed important to realize the new concepts in modern satellite and space methods and I, therefore, spoke above of a new "technology" which should be optimally developed as there is a worldwide need of such capabilities and tools. In view of the few active NAVSTAR-satellites in sky in 1988 this is perhaps not the best year for GPS-applications but the right time for a review of the experience gained until now and using it as a base for the planning of the future...

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION The awareness that mankind is able to influence and modify not only the local but also the global climate has led to a strongly growing interest in climate research. Strengthened research activities, which also made use of improved and novel experimental techniques, have yielded a wealth of information on climatic patterns in the past. At the same time, climate modelling has made much progress. While some questions have been answered, new problems have been recognized. One question related to anthropogenio climatic change is about the nature and causes of natural variations, against the background of which man-made changes must be viewed. The contributions to this volume all deal with the variabilitY of climate. Some papers are reviews of the knowledge to a current topic, others have more the character of an original contribution. The obseryational studies cover the range from year-to-year variations up to glacial-interglacial contrast, thereby going from instrumental data to results from proxy records...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE During the last few years, evaporites have increasingly been regarded as sediments and not only as chemical precipitates. Especially the intensive study of the Zechstein facies has resulted in a vast amount of observations and interpretations which are of general significance, offering important information to all sedimentologists interested in carbonates and evaporites. It seems therefore useful to introduce the sedimentological approach in a basin where various chemical concepts have been developed. This is the aim of the present volume, and this approach will be recognized by the reader in most of the chapters. The idea of publishing a collection of papers on the Zechstein facies and related rocks found an enthusiastic response, although later some contributors were, for various reasons, unable to meet the deadline. However, the papers submitted cover all major fields and will certainly stimulate further research...

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES --- Architectural Elements and Bounding Surfaces in Channelized Clastic Deposits: Notes on Comparisons between Fluvial and Turbidite Systems / A. D. MIALL / pp. 3-15 --- A Simulation of Basin Margin Sedimentation to Infer Geometry and Lithofacies—A Carbonate Example— / K. NAKAYAMA and C. G. St. C. KENDALL / pp. 17-31 --- Gravel Fabric of Clast-Supported Resedimented Conglomerate / K. YAGISHITA / pp. 33-42 --- Magnetic Fabrics and Depositional Processes / A. TAIRA / pp. 43-77 --- Chapter 2: FLUVIAL TO COASTAL FACIES --- Sedimentation in Coarse-Grained Sand-Bedded Meanders: Distinctive Deposition of Suspended Sediment / F. ISEYA and H. IKEDA / pp. 81-112 --- Mechanism of Inverse Grading of Suspended Load Deposits / F. ISEYA / pp. 113-129 --- Coastal Eolian Dune Deposits of the Pleistocene Shimosa Group in Chiba, Japan / H. NAKAZATO, H. SATO, and F. MASUDA / pp. 131-141 --- Synsedimentary Conjugate Faults in the Pleistocene Tidal Deposits at Ushibori, Ibaraki, Japan / H. AONO and F. MASUDA / pp. 143-149 --- Description and Genesis of Tidal Bedding in the Cobequid Bay-Salmon River Estuary, Bay of Fundy, Canada / R. W. DALRYMPLE and Y. MAKINO / pp. 151-177 --- Petrofacies of Paleo-Tokyo Bay Sands, the Upper Pleistocene of Central Honshu, Japan / M.ITO and F.MASUDA / pp. 179-196 --- Faunal Condensation in Early Phases of Glacio-Eustatic Sea-Level Rise, Found in the Middle to Late Pleistocene Shimosa Group, Boso Peninsula, Central Japan / Y. KONDO / pp. 197-212 --- Chapter 3: SHALLOW MARINE FACIES --- Sedimentology and History of Sea Level Changes in the East China Sea and Adjacent Seas / B.-C. SUK / pp. 215-231 --- Sediments and Sedimentary Processes in the Yellow and East China Seas / J. D. MILLIMAN, Y. S. QIN, and Y. A. PARK / pp. 233-249 --- Bedforms and Their Migration Patterns in the Southern Bungo Strait, Japan / K. IKEHARA and Y. KIN05HITA / pp. 251-260 --- The Kuroshio-Generated Bedform System in the Osumi Strait, Southern Kyushu, Japan / K. IKEHARA / pp. 261-273 --- Ocean Current-Controlled Sedimentary Facies of the Pleistocene Ichijiku Formation, Kazusa Group, Boso Peninsula, Japan / N. NAKAYAMA and F. MASUDA / pp. 275-293 --- Multi-Layered Progradational Sequences in the Shelf and Shelf Slope of the Southwest Japan Forearc / Y. OKAMURA / pp. 295-318 --- Storm-Built Sand Ridges on the Inner Shelf of Kashima-Nada, Northeast Japan / Y. SAITO / pp. 319-330 --- Storm Deposits in the Inner Shelf and Their Recurrence Intervals, Sendai Bay, Northeast Japan / Modern Y. SAITO / pp. 331-344 --- Sea-Level Controlled Shallow-Marine Systems in the Plio-Pleistocene Kakegawa Group, Shizuoka, Central Honshu, Japan: Comparison of Transgressive and Regressive Phases / M. ISHIBASHI / pp. 345-363 --- Coarse Clastic Sedimentation in the Triassic Offshore Sequence of the South- eastern Kitakami Mountains, Japan / K. KAMADA / pp. 365-375 --- Depositional Facies of the Viséan (Carboniferous) Limestones in the South Kitakami Terrane, Northeast Japan / T. KAWAMURA / pp. 377-391 --- Chapter 4: SLOPE TO DEEP-WATER FACIES --- Depositional Scheme of Neogene Bedded Siliceous Rocks in an Active Upwelling Area-On the Wakkanai Formation, Northern Hokkaido, Japan / H. FUKUSAWA / pp. 395-419 --- Turbidites and Related Clastic Systems in the Tertiary Chichibu Basin, Central Japan / K. M. LATT / pp. 421-438 --- Two Stages of Submarine Fan Sedimentation in an Ancient Forearc Basin, Central Japan / S. TOKUHASHI / pp. 439-468 --- Synsedimentary Folding of a Sandstone Layer: Paleoslope Deduced from the Folding Process / M. FUSEYA / pp. 469-481 --- Miocene Offshore Tractive Current-Worked Conglomerates—Tsubutegaura, Chita Peninsula, Central Japan— / T. YAMAZAKI, M. YAMAOKA, and T. SHIKI / pp. 483-494 --- Coarse Clast Dominant Submarine Debrite, the Mio-Pliocene Fujikawa Group, Central Japan / W. SOH / pp. 495-510 --- Basal Structures of the Pleistocene Chikura Submarine Sliding Sheet in the Southernmost Boso Peninsula, Central Japan / T. ITO and S. SUGIYAMA / pp. 511-528 --- Topography and Sedimentary Facies of the Nankai Deep Sea Channel / K. SHIMAMURA / pp. 529-556 --- Ancient Trench-Fill and Trench-Slope Basin Deposits: An Example from the Permian Nishiki Group, Southwest Japan / A. HARA and K. KIMINAMI / pp. 557-575 --- Tectono-Sedimentary Settings of Seep Biological Communities—A Synthesis from the Japanese Subduction Zones— / K. FUJIOKA and A. TAIRA / pp. 577-602 --- Chapter 5: VOLCANIC FACIES --- Sedimentary Facies of the Mio-Pliocene Volcanotectonic Depressions along the Volcanic Front in Northeast Honshu, Japan / M. UTADA and T. ITO / pp. 605-618 --- Submarine Depositional Processes for Volcaniclastic Sediments in the Mio- Pliocene Misaki Formation, Miura Group, Central Japan / W. SOH, A. TAIRA, Y. OGAWA, H. TANIGUCHI, K. T. PICKERING, and D. A. V. STOW / pp. 619-630 --- Chapter 6: TECTONICS AND SEDIMENTATION --- Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene Kuji Basin of Northeast Japan: Tectonic Controls on Strike-Slip Basin Sedimentation / K. MINOURA and H. YAMAUCHI / pp. 633-658 --- The Itsukaichimachi Group: A Middle Miocene Strike-Slip Basin-Fill in the Southeastern Margin of the Kanto Mountains, Central Honshu, Japan / M. ITO / pp. 659-673 --- Structural Control on Sedimentation of Coal-Bearing Formations in Japan / K. FUJII / pp. 675-688 --- Coarse-Grained Turbidite Sedimentation Resulting from the Miocene Collision Event in Central Hokkaido, Japan / K. HOYANAGI / pp. 689-709 --- Eocene Foreland Thrust-Fold Belt of the Central Ryukyu Island Arc: Deduced from Sedimentary Structures in the Kayo Formation / H. UJIIE / pp. 711-722 --- Rifting of the Gondwanaland and Uplifting of the Himalayas Recorded in Mesozoic and Tertiary Fluvial Sediments in the Nepal Himalayas / H. SAKAI / pp. 723-732

Description / Table of Contents: M. G. Audley-Charles and A. Hallam: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:1-4, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.01 --- Neville J. Price, Geoffrey D. Price, and Sarah L. Price: Gravity glide and plate tectonics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:5-21, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.02 --- J. F. Dewey: Lithospheric stress, deformation, and tectonic cycles: the disruption of Pangaea and the closure of Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:23-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.03 --- Robert Hall: Basement and cover rock history in western Tethys: HT-LP metamorphism associated with extensional rifting of Gondwana / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:41-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.04 --- C. D. Mann and C. Vita-Finzi: Holocene serial folding in the Zagros / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:51-59, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.05 --- D. H. Tarling: Gondwanaland and the evolution of the Indian Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:61-77, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.06 --- M. G. Audley-Charles: Evolution of the southern margin of Tethys (North Australian region) from early Permian to late Cretaceous / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:79-100, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.07 --- I. Metcalfe: Origin and assembly of south-east Asian continental terranes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:101-118, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.08 --- A. M. C. Şengör, Demir Altıner, Altan Cin, Timur Ustaömer, and K. J. Hsü: Origin and assembly of the Tethyside orogenic collage at the expense of Gondwana Land / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:119-181, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.09 --- L. R. M. Cocks and R. A. Fortey: Lower Palaeozoic facies and faunas around Gondwana / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:183-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.10 --- W. G. Chaloner and G. T. Creber: Fossil plants as indicators of late Palaeozoic plate positions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:201-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.11 --- J. B. Waterhouse: The nature, extent, and subsequent dispersal of the Permian Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:211-212, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.12 --- Edith Kristan-Tollmann: Unexpected microfaunal communities within the Triassic Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:213-223, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.13 --- Jacques Thierry: Structure and palaeogeography of the western Tethys during the Jurassic: tests based on ammonite palaeobiogeography / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:225-234, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.14 --- Gerd E. G. Westermann: Middle Jurassic ammonite biogeography supports ambi-Tethyan origin of Tibet / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:235-239, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.15 --- Derek V. Ager: Mesozoic Turkey as part of Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:241-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.16 --- P. W. Skelton: The trans-Pacific spread of equatorial shallow-marine benthos in the Cretaceous / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:247-253, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.17 --- Jean-Claude Rage: Gondwana, Tethys, and terrestrial vertebrates during the Mesozoic and Cainozoic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:255-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.18 --- Brian R. Rosen and Andrew B. Smith: Tectonics from fossils? Analysis of reef-coral and sea-urchin distributions from late Cretaceous to Recent, using a new method / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:275-306, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.19 --- T. C. Whitmore: Phytogeography of the eastern end of Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37:307-311, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.20

Description / Table of Contents: Jim Marshall: Diagenesis and Sedimentary Sequences—Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:v-vi, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.01: Diagenetic Processes --- Ian R. Goldsmith and Peter King: Hydrodynamic modelling of cementation patterns in modern reefs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:1-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.02 --- H. G. Machel: Some aspects of diagenetic sulphate-hydrocarbon redox reactions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:15-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.03 --- S. N. Palmer and M. E. Barton: Porosity reduction, microfabric and resultant lithification in UK uncemented sands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:29-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.04 --- R. Raiswell: Non-steady state microbiological diagenesis and the origin of concretions and nodular limestones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:41-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.05 --- E. A. Warren: The application of a solution-mineral equilibrium model to the diagenesis of Carboniferous sandstones, Bothamsall oilfield, East Midlands, England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:55-69, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.06 --- Early Diagenesis --- T. R. Astin: Petrology (including fluorescence microscopy) of cherts from the Portlandian of Wiltshire, UK—evidence of an episode of meteoric water circulation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:73-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.07 --- Greg A. Carson: Silicification fabrics from the Cenomanian and basal Turonian of Devon, England: isotopic results / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:87-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.08 --- J. D. Kantorowicz, I. D. Bryant, and J. M. Dawans: Controls on the geometry and distribution of carbonate cements in Jurassic sandstones: Bridport Sands, southern England and Viking Group, Troll Field, Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:103-118, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.09 --- J. J. Pueyo Mur and M. Inglés Urpinell: Magnesite formation in recent playa lakes, Los Monegros, Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:119-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.10 --- C. Taberner and C. Santisteban: Mixed-water dolomitization in a transgressive beach-ridge system, Eocene Catalan Basin, NE Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:123-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.11 --- R. D. A. Smith: Early diagenetic phosphate cements in a turbidite basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:141-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.12 --- Zhao Xun and Ian J. Fairchild: Mixing zone dolomitization of Devonian carbonates, Guangxi, South China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:157-170, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.13 --- Regional Studies and Burial Diagenesis --- A. H. Bath, A. E. Milodowski, and B. Spiro: Diagenesis of carbonate cements in Permo-Triassic sandstones in the Wessex and East Yorkshire-Lincolnshire Basins, UK: a stable isotope study / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:173-190, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.14 --- J. R. Boles: Six million year diagenetic history, North Coles Levee, San Joaquin Basin, California / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:191-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.15 --- D. Emery: Trace-element source and mobility during limestone burial diagenesis—an example from the Middle Jurassic of eastern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:201-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.16 --- Lynton S. Land and R. Stephen Fisher: Wilcox sandstone diagenesis, Texas Gulf Coast: a regional isotopic comparison with the Frio Formation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:219-235, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.17 --- David C. Harris and William J. Meyers: Regional dolomitization of subtidal shelf carbonates: Burlington and Keokuk Formations (Mississippian), Iowa and Illinois / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:237-258, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.18 --- J. D. Hudson and J. E. Andrews: The diagenesis of the Great Estuarine Group, Middle Jurassic, Inner Hebrides, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:259-276, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.19 --- Fred J. Longstaffe and Avner Ayalon: Oxygen-isotope studies of clastic diagenesis in the Lower Cretaceous Viking Formation, Alberta: implications for the role of meteoric water / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:277-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.20 --- J. Parnell: Secondary porosity in hydrocarbon-bearing transgressive sandstones on an unstable Lower Palaeozoic continental shelf, Welsh Borderland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:297-312, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.21 --- G. C. Saigal and K. Bjørlykke: Carbonate cements in clastic reservoir rocks from offshore Norway—relationships between isotopic composition, textural development and burial depth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:313-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.22 --- G. E. Strong and A. E. Milodowski: Aspects of the diagenesis of the Sherwood Sandstones of the Wessex Basin and their influence on reservoir characteristics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:325-337, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.23 --- C. B. de Wet: Deposition and diagenesis in an extensional basin: the Corallian Formation (Jurassic) near Oxford, England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 36:339-353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.036.01.24

Description / Table of Contents: Geophysics of the Caledonian-Appalachian Orogen --- R. T. Haworth, R. Hipkin, R. D. Jacobi, M. Kane, J. P. Lefort, M. D. Max, H. G. Miller, and F. Wolff: Geophysical framework and the Appalachian-Caledonide connection / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:3-20, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.01 --- F. A. Cook, D. H. Matthews, and A. W. B. Jacob: Crustal and upper mantle structure of the Appalachian-Caledonide orogen from seismic results / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:21-33, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.02 --- J. C. Briden, D. V. Kent, P. L. Lapointe, J. L. Roy, R. A. Livermore, A. G. Smith, M. K. Seguin, R. Van der Voo, and D. R. Watts: Palaeomagnetic constraints on the evolution of the Caledonian-Appalachian orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:35-48, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.03 --- J. P. Lefort, M. D. Max, and J. Roussel: Geophysical evidence for the location of the NW boundary of Gondwanaland and its relationship with two older satellite sutures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:49-60, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.04 --- Pre-Arenig Activity in the Caledonian-Appalachian Orogen --- Derek Powell, T. B. Andersen, A. A. Drake, Jr, Leo Hall, and J. D. Keppie: The age and distribution of basement rocks in the Caledonide orogen of the N Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:63-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.05 --- Frederic L. Schwab, Johan P. Nystuen, and Linda Gunderson: Pre-Arenig evolution of the Appalachian-Caledonide orogen: sedimentation and stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:75-91, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.06 --- S. Conway Morris and A. W. A. Rushton: Precambrian to Tremadoc biotas in the Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:93-109, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.07 --- Nicholas Rast, B. A. Sturt, and A. L. Harris: Early deformation in the Caledonian-Appalachian orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:111-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.08 --- Ben Harte: Lower Palaeozoic metamorphism in the Moine-Dalradian belt of the British Isles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:123-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.09 --- Inge Bryhni: Early Palaeozoic metamorphism in the Scandinavian Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:135-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.10 --- Jo Laird: Pre-Arenig metamorphism in the Appalachians / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:141-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.11 --- D. W. Rankin, Harald Furnes, A. C. Bishop, B. Cabanis, D. J. Milton, S. J. O’Brien, and R. S. Thorpe: Plutonism and volcanism related to the pre-Arenig evolution of the Caledonide-Appalachian orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:149-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.12 --- James W. Skehan: Evolution of the Iapetus Ocean and its borders in pre-Arenig times: a synthesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:185-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.13 --- Arenig-Wenlock Activity in the Caledonian-Appalachian Orogen --- R. A. Fortey and L. R. M. Cocks: Arenig to Llandovery faunal distributions in the Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:231-246, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.14 --- David L. Bruton and David A. T. Harper: Arenig-Llandovery stratigraphy and faunas across the Scandinavian Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:247-268, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.15 --- Robert B. Neuman: Palaeontological evidence bearing on the Arenig-Caradoc development of the Iapetus Ocean basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:269-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.16 --- C. J. Stillman: Ordovician to Silurian volcanism in the Appalachian—Caledonian orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:275-290, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.17 --- Leo M. Hall and David Roberts: Timing of Ordovician deformation in the Caledonian-Appalachian orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:291-309, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.18 --- Jo Laird: Arenig to Wenlock age metamorphism in the Appalachians / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:311-345, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.19 --- G. J. H. Oliver: Arenig to Wenlock regional metamorphism in the Paratectonic Caledonides of the British Isles: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:347-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.20 --- R. D. Dallmeyer: Polyphase tectonothermal evolution of the Scandinavian Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:365-379, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.21 --- David R. Wones and A. K. Sinha: A brief review of early Ordovician to Devonian plutonism in the N American Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:381-388, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.22 --- W. E. Stephens: Granitoid plutonism in the Caledonian orogen of Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:389-403, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.23 --- W. S. McKerrow: The development of the Iapetus Ocean from the Arenig to the Wenlock / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:405-412, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.24 --- Wenlock to Mid-Devonian Activity in the Caledonian-Appalachian Orogen --- M. F. Thirlwall: Wenlock to mid-Devonian volcanism of the Caledonian-Appalachian orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:415-428, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.25 --- David Roberts: Timing of Silurian to middle Devonian deformation in the Caledonides of Scandinavia, Svalbard and E Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:429-435, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.26 --- W.S. McKerrow: Wenlock to Givetian deformation in the British Isles and the Canadian Appalachians / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:437-448, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.27 --- P. H. Osberg: Silurian to Lower Carboniferous tectonism in the Appalachians of the USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:449-452, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.28 --- Peter Robinson, R. J. Tracy, D. S. Santallier, P.-G. Andreasson, and J. I. Gil-Ibarguchi: Scandian-Acadian-Caledonian sensu strictu metamorphism in the age range 430–360 Ma / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:453-467, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.29 --- D. V. Kent and J. D. Keppie: Silurian-Permian palaeocontinental reconstructions and circum-Atlantic tectonics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:469-480, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.30 --- N. J. Soper: Timing and geometry of collision, terrane accretion and sinistral strike-slip events in the British Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:481-492, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.31 --- J. Chaloupský: Caledonian folding in the Bohemian Massif / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:493-498, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.32 --- Robert D. Hatcher, Jr: The third synthesis: Wenlock to mid-Devonian (end of Acadian orogeny) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:499-504, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.33 --- Mid-Devonian-Permian Activity in the Caledonian-Appalachian Orogen --- Robert D. Hatcher, Jr: Basement-cover relationships in the Appalachian-Caledonian-Variscan orogen: mid-Devonian (end of Acadian orogeny) to end of Permian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:507-514, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.34 --- William A. Thomas and Paul E. Schenk: Late Palaeozoic sedimentation along the Appalachian orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:515-530, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.35 --- K. C. Allen and D. L. Dineley: Mid-Devonian to mid-Permian floral and faunal regions and provinces / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:531-548, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.36 --- Michael Robert Leeder: Devono-Carboniferous river systems and sediment dispersal from the orogenic belts and cratons of NW Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:549-558, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.37 --- O. Don Hermes and Daniel P. Murray: Middle Devonian to Permian plutonism and volcanism in the N American Appalachians / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:559-571, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.38 --- E. H. Francis: Mid-Devonian to early Permian volcanism: Old World / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:573-584, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.39 --- Nicholas Rast: Tectonic implications of the timing of the Variscan orogeny / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:585-595, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.40 --- Daniel P. Murray: Post-Acadian metamorphism in the Appalachians / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:597-609, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.41 --- Francisco J. Martínez and Joël Rolet: Late Palaeozoic metamorphism in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula, Brittany and related areas in SW Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:611-620, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.42 --- John Rodgers: Fourth time-slice: mid-Devonian to Permian synthesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 38:621-626, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.43

Description / Table of Contents: J. C. Goff and B. P. J. Williams: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 34:NP, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.034.01.01 --- Section 1: Fluid Flow in Compacting Basins --- Richard E. Chapman: Fluid flow in sedimentary basins: a geologist’s perspective / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 34:3-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.034.01.02 --- Kinji Magara: Fluid flow due to sediment loading—an application to the Arabian Gulf region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 34:19-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.034.01.03 --- Section 2: Fluid Flow in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin --- Brian Hitchon, S. Bachu, C. M. Sauveplane, and A. T. Lytviak: Dynamic basin analysis: an integrated approach with large data bases / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 34:31-44, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.034.01.04 --- J. Tóth and T. Corbet: Post-Palaeocene evolution of regional groundwater flow systems and their relation to petroleum accumulations, Taber Area, southern Alberta, Canada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 34:45-77, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.034.01.05 --- F. W. Jones and J. A. Majorowicz: Some aspects of the thermal regime and hydrodynamics of the western Canadian sedimentary basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 34:79-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.034.01.06 --- Harry J. Bradbury and Grant R. Woodwell: Ancient fluid flow within foreland terrains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 34:87-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.034.01.07 --- Section 3: Fluid Flow in United Kingdom Groundwater Basins --- R. A. Downing, W. M. Edmunds, and I. N. Gale: Regional groundwater flow in sedimentary basins in the U.K. / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 34:105-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.034.01.08 --- A. H. Bath, A. E. Milodowski, and G. E. Strong: Fluid flow and diagenesis in the East Midlands Triassic sandstone aquifer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 34:127-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.034.01.09 --- Michael Price: Fluid flow in the Chalk of England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 34:141-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.034.01.10 --- N. P. Wilson and M. N. Luheshi: Thermal aspects of the East Midlands aquifer system / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 34:157-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.034.01.11 --- Section 4: Fluid Flow in Low Permeability and Fractured Media --- J. Alexander, J. H. Black, and M. A. Brightman: The role of low-permeability rocks in regional flow / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 34:173-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.034.01.12 --- J. H. Black: Flow and flow mechanisms in crystalline rock / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 34:185-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.034.01.13 --- David A. Brown: The flow of water and displacement of hydrocarbons in fractured chalk reservoirs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 34:201-218, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.034.01.14

Description / Table of Contents: P. J. Brenchley and B. P. J. Williams: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 18:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1985.018.01.01 --- Fluid Dynamics and Loose-Boundary Hydraulics --- J. R. L. Allen: Loose-boundary hydraulics and fluid mechanics: selected advances since 1961 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 18:7-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1985.018.01.02 --- Facies Models and Modern Sedimentary Environments --- R. Anderton: Clastic facies models and facies analysis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 18:31-47, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1985.018.01.03 --- I. N. McCave: Recent shelf clastic sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 18:49-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1985.018.01.04 --- D. A. V. Stow: Deep-sea clastics: where are we and where are we going? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 18:67-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1985.018.01.05 --- J. K. Leggett: Deep-sea pelagic sediments and palaeo-oceanography: a review of recent progress / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 18:95-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1985.018.01.06 --- R. J. Suthren: Facies analysis of volcaniclastic sediments: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 18:123-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1985.018.01.07 --- M. E. Tucker: Shallow-marine carbonate facies and facies models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 18:147-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1985.018.01.08 --- Diagenesis --- J. A. D. Dickson: Diagenesis of shallow-marine carbonates / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 18:173-188, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1985.018.01.09 --- S. D. Burley, J. D. Kantorowicz, and B. Waugh: Clastic diagenesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 18:189-226, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1985.018.01.10 --- Economic and Applied Aspects --- H. Clemmey: Sedimentary ore deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 18:229-247, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1985.018.01.11 --- H. D. Johnson and D. J. Stewart: Role of clastic sedimentology in the exploration and production of oil and gas in the North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 18:249-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1985.018.01.12 --- T. P. Burchette and S. R. Britton: Carbonate facies analysis in the exploration for hydrocarbons: a case-study from the Cretaceous of the Middle East / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 18:311-338, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1985.018.01.13

Description / Table of Contents: Gill M. Harwood and Denys B. Smith: The English Zechstein and related topics—introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.01 --- United Kingdom --- D. B. Smith, G. M. Harwood, J. Pattison, and T. H. Pettigrew: A revised nomenclature for Upper Permian strata in eastern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:9-17, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.02 --- P. Turner and M. Magaritz: Chemical and isotopic studies of a core of Marl Slate from NE England: influence of freshwater influx into the Zechstein Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:19-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.03 --- H.-J. Schweitzer: The land flora of the English and German Zechstein sequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:31-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.04 --- A. Swift: The conodont Merrillina divergens (Bender & Stoppel) from the Upper Permian of England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:55-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.05 --- J. Kaldi: Sedimentology of sandwaves in an oolite shoal complex in the Cadeby (Magnesian Limestone) Formation (Upper Permian) of eastern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:63-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.06 --- G. M. Harwood: The diagenetic history of Cadeby Formation carbonate (EZ1 Ca), Upper Permian, eastern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:75-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.07 --- J. Kaldi: Diagenesis of nearshore carbonate rocks in the Sprotbrough Member of the Cadeby (Magnesian Limestone) Formation (Upper Permian) of eastern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:87-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.08 --- G. M. Harwood and F. W. Smith: Mineralization in Upper Permian carbonates at outcrop in eastern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:103-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.09 --- D. B. Smith: The Trow Point Bed—a deposit of Upper Permian marine oncoids, peloids and columnar stromatolites in the Zechstein of NE England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:113-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.10 --- A. H. Cooper: Subsidence and foundering of strata caused by the dissolution of Permian gypsum in the Ripon and Bedale areas, North Yorkshire / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:127-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.11 --- Germany --- J. Paul: Environmental analysis of basin and schwellen facies in the lower Zechstein of Germany / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:143-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.12 --- J. Paul: Stratigraphy of the Lower Werra Cycle (Z1) in West Germany (preliminary results) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:149-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.13 --- G. Richter-Bernburg: Zechstein 1 and 2 Anhydrites: facts and problems of sedimentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:157-163, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.14 --- G. Richter-Bernburg: Zechstein salt correlation: England-Denmark-Germany / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:165-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.15 --- Poland --- S. Oszczepalski: On the Zechstein Copper Shale lithofacies and palaeoenvironments in SW Poland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:171-182, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.16 --- J. B. Tomaszewski: Comments on the genesis and structure of the copper-polymetallic ore deposit of the Foresudetic Monocline, SW Poland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:183-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.17 --- J. B. Tomaszewski: Sedimentary environments of the lowest Zechstein sediments in the Lubin region, SW Poland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:195-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.18 --- T. M. Peryt: Chronostratigraphical and lithostratigraphical correlations of the Zechstein Limestone in Central Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:203-209, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.19 --- L. Karwowski and J. Klapcinski: Macrofauna of the Polish Zechstein: its occurrence and stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:211-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.20 --- J. Klapcinski: The Leine Anhydrite of the Polish Zechstein: a significant lithostratigraphical marker-unit / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:217-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.21 --- USSR --- B. I. Chuvashov: The main types of carbonate rocks of the Kungurian evaporite basin of the Urals / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:225-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.22 --- Erratum --- Erratum: Diagenesis of nearshore carbonate rocks in the Sprotbrough Member of the Cadeby (Magnesian Limestone) Formation (Upper Permian) of eastern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 22:ERR, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.022.01.23

Description / Table of Contents: Andrew C. Scott: Coal and coal-bearing strata: recent advances and future prospects / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:1-6, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.01 --- P. D. Moore: Ecological and hydrological aspects of peat formation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:7-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.02 --- R. S. Clymo: Rainwater-fed peat as a precursor of coal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:17-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.03 --- A. M. Ziegler, A. L. Raymond, T. C. Gierlowski, M. A. Horrell, D. B. Rowley, and A. L. Lottes: Coal, climate and terrestrial productivity: the present and early Cretaceous compared / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:25-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.04 --- Peter J. McCabe: Facies studies of coal and coal-bearing strata / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:51-66, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.05 --- Margaret E. Collinson and Andrew C. Scott: Implications of vegetational change through the geological record on models for coal-forming environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:67-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.06 --- D. J. Casagrande: Sulphur in peat and coal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:87-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.07 --- Arthur D. Cohen, William Spackman, and Robert Raymond, Jr: Interpreting the characteristics of coal seams from chemical, physical and petrographic studies of peat deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:107-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.08 --- Marlies Teichmüller: Recent advances in coalification studies and their application to geology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:127-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.09 --- D. A. Spears: Mineral matter in coals, with special reference to the Pennine Coalfields / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:171-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.10 --- K. M. Bartram: Lycopod succession in coals: an example from the Low Barnsley Seam (Westphalian B), Yorkshire, England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:187-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.11 --- I. M. Fulton: Genesis of the Warwickshire Thick Coal: a group of long-residence histosols / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:201-218, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.12 --- D. K. Hobday: Gondwana coal basins of Australia and South Africa: tectonic setting, depositional systems and resources / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:219-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.13 --- D. H. Land and C. M. Jones: Coal geology and exploration of part of the Tertiary Kutei Basin in East Kalimantan, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:235-255, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.14 --- D. G. Murchison: Recent advances in organic petrology and organic geochemistry: an overview with some reference to ‘oil from coal’ / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:257-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.15 --- Ganjavar Khavari Khorasani: Oil-prone coals of the Walloon Coal Measures, Surat Basin, Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 32:303-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.032.01.16

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE It is increasingly necessary to develop industrial and hydraulic engineering constructions under unfavourable geological or geotechnical conditions. Furthermore, it becomes more and more important to build effectively and economically and to find optimal solutions for a long-term steady function of the constructions. This emphatically demands exhaustive information on the structural situations and engineering parameters of local site assessments by areal investigations of the sites and the petrophysical parameters in situ. This requires, however, the use of geophysical techniques. During the last two or three decades international applied geophysics has systematically developed new possibilities for site investigations for the determination of petrophysical parameters in situ as well as for observation of the system building and site. As in "New techniques in engineering", geophysical methods make it possible to develop areal models of subsurface conditions of building sites, to quantify relevant engineering parameters in situ, as well as to analyze the longterm behaviour of the buildings, which are influenced by internal or external factors. With regard to the broad spectrum of applied geophysics, there are few methods, that especially favour application in engineering and groundwater studies. These methods are distinguished by a relatively simple measuring technique and good measuring progress, e.g. the geoelectrical self-potential method, the geoelectrical resistivity method as well as a newly developed devices for geothermic measurements. There exist numerous publications, broadly scattered in the technical literature, concerning the theoretical bases and applications of these methods, but until now, there have been only a few meetings to exchange experience and results on an international level. This was the aim of the symposium "Detection of Subsurface Flow Phenomena by Self-Potential/Geoelectrical and Thermometric Methods", held in Karlsruhe from 14-18 March 1988. An outstanding part of the symposioum was represented by the results of a research project, coordinated by the University of Karlsruhe (Department of Geology and Institute of Soil and Rock Mechanics) and the Federal Waterway Engineering and Research Institute (BAW), Karlsruhe. Regarding the subject "Experiments to ascertain the relations between hydraulic potentials in the underground and the geoelectrical and thermic potentials set off by these", the research work took four years. The project was sponsered by the Volkswagen Foundation/Hannover. The goal was to develop and test objective techniques for detecting leakages in dams, locating, demarcating and designating quantitatively inhomogeneous spheres in dams with the aim of detecting damage and subsurface flow phenomena as soon as possible. The symposium consisted of a three-day lecture meeting with about 40 papers and a summarizing respectively closing roundtable discussion, a visit to the laboratories and to the in situ constructions within the area of BAW developed in the frame of the research project. This included a technical excursion to the Rhine-Staustufe Iffezheim with its very impressive waterway constructions and an excursion to the Geophysical Observatory near Schiltach (Black Forest). The Observatory belongs to the Universities of Karlsruhe and Stuttgart. Approximately 80 scientists from 15 countries participated the symposium. They were welcomed by the Rector of the University, Professor Dr. A. Kunle and the representative of the Federal Ministry of Traffic, Dr. G. Schröder. Professor Dr. H. Hötzl elucidated the scientific problems and the economical importance of the project as a speaker of the research group. The following papers dealt with the fundamental aspects of geoelectrical and thermometric measurements, with the theory of these methods, the state and developing ter~dencies concerning devices, data acquisition, processing and interpretation as well as noise effects. It became clear that the solution of the complex scientific-technical problems of waterway constructions and environmental protection requires broad, interdisciplinary cooperation and international collaboration. Thus it would be possible to minimize the personnel, temporal and economic efforts. The intended cooperation of geoscientists, engineering geologists, building engineers and representatives of other disciplines make it possible, not only to exchange experiences and results relating to international problems unsolved until now, but also to determine new guidelines with regard to the scientific organization of further investigations. Thus in order to inform all interested parties of the main topics of the symposium and to advance international cooperation in the future, the present review includes a part of the papers and reports of the excursions recommended by the participants of the meeting, which have been divided into the following topics: - Introduction to engineering-geophysical problems and attempts at their solution; - Geoelectrical self-potential measurements; - Geoelectrical resistivity measurements; - Geothermic measurements; - Case histories; - Some topics of the roundtable discussion; - Reports concerning the excursions. The editors wish to thank very much all those, who contributed to the success of the symposium and to the publication of the present report. Finally they venture the note, that the authors theirselves are responsible for the content of their papers.

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION Evaporites may form in a spectrum of environments from continental sabkha (playa) to deep basins (see Kendall 1978 a, b, Schreiber 1978, 1986, Friedman and Krumbein 1985, for review). In the last two decades, many ancient evaporite basins have been interpreted using the sabkha model and the deep desiccated basin model, the former not excluding the latter. However, growing evidence has been gathered indicating that most evaporites are formed in subaqueous environments, so that it cannot be reasonably expected that one depositional model alone will explain the entire basin fill. The chapters in this volume discuss characteristic examples of evaporite basins, mostly of moderate size. Aspects of a saline giant, the Zechstein basin of Central and NW Europe, have been considered in Volume 10 of "Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences"...

Description / Table of Contents: This volume contains the contributions which have been presented at the 5. ALFRED WEGENER-Conference , held in Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany, 21 - 24 May 1986. This conference was the first international meeting of the IGCP Project 216 :"global biological events in earth history". The aim of the conference was, to discuss (a) the state-of-the-art in respect to the recognition of bio-events and to the analysis of their causes (b) the presentation of new data (c) the strategies which are needed for further research, carried out in the international cooperation programme of Project 216. It was intended to achieve with these discussions a more critical approach to the problems of global bio-events.

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION Theoretical modelling and the use of mathematical methods are presently gaining in importance since progress in both geology and mathematics offers new possibilities to combine both fields. Most geological problems are inherently geometrical and morphological, and, therefore, amenable to a classification of forms from a "Gestalt point of view". Geometrical objects have to possess an inherent stability in order to preserve their essential quality under slight deformations. Otherwise, we could hardly conceive of them or describe them, and today's observation would not reproduce yesterday's result (DANGELMAYR & GÜTTINGER, 1982). This principle has become known as "structural stability" (THOM, 1975), i.e. the persistence of a phenomenon under all allowed perturbations. Stability is also, of course, an assumption of classical Newtonian physics, which is essentially the theory of various kinds of smooth behavior (POSTON &STEWART, 1978). However, things sometimes "jump". A new species with a different morphology appears suddenly in the paleontological record (EI.DREDGE & GOULD, 1972), a fault develops, a landslide moves, a computer program becomes unstable with a certain data configuration, etc. It is, surprisingly, the topological approach which permits the study of a broad range of such phenomena in a coherent manner (POSTON & STEWART, 1978; LU, 1976; STEWART, 1982). The universal singularities and bifurcation processes derived from the concept of structural stabiIity determine the spontaneous formation of qualitatively similar spatio-temporal structures in systems of various geneses exhibiting critical behavior (DANGELMAYR & GÜTTINGER, 1982; THOM, 1975; POSTON & STEWART, 1978; GÜTTINGER & EIKEMEIER, t979; STEWART, 1981). In addition, this return to a "geometrization of phenomena"-- after decades of algorithmization-- comes much closer to the geologist's intuitive geometric reasoning. It is the aim of this study to elucidate, by examples, how the qualitative geometrical approach allows one to classify forms and to control the behavior of complex computer algorithms...

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION While the complex mechanical properties of rocks and soils are studied for quite a while, it is only in the last decades that sound established mathematical models were developed based on accurate experimental data. Some rheological properties of geomaterials as for instance creep, were studied for a long time but the experimental data reported were incomplete and, as a consequence, the models developed have missed either the generality necessary for the solving of engineering problems or some of the major specific mechanical properties possessed by these materials as for instance dilatancy and/or compressibility , long term damage etc. Generally, these very particular empirical models were made for a specific test only and therefore are not appropriate for solving problems involving general loading histories. Let us remind that due to the presence of a great number of cracks and/or pores existing in roks and soils, the mechanical behaviour of geomaterials is quite distinct from that of other materials as for instance metals or plastics. That is why rock and soil rheology has some specific aspects. It must also be mentioned that the solving of various problems of rock and soil mechanics posed by modern technology was not possible by using time-independent models, thus the study and development of rehological models become absolutely necessary. In the last decade or so, very accurate experimantal data became available as a result of the development of experimental techniques and of the growing interest for this field of research in the scientific community. These data, in turn, have made possible the development of genuine models for geomaterials, mainly rheological models, able to describe such properties as creep, dilatancy and/or compressibility during creep, long term damage and failure occurring after various time intervals, slip surface formation etc. Today it is clear that no accurate constitutive equation for rocks can be formulated unless the dilatancy phenomena and the time effects are not included. Another idea is the need of a better description of the concepts of damage and failure of rocks, again using in someway the concepts of irreversible dilatancy or another related notion. In soil rheology it is clear that the scale effect may be taken into consideration in order to obtain a corect information from the routine tests. Also in writing the constitutive equations for soils it is neccessary to take into account the microscopic or local phenomena, because there is a great variety of types of saturated or nonsaturated soils, granular or cohesionless soil etc. The aim of the Euromech Colloquium 196 devoted to Rock and Soil Rheology and therefore that of the present volume too, is to review some of the main results obtained in the last years in this field of research and also to formulate some of the major not yet solved problems which are now under consideration. Exchange of opinions and scientific discussions are quite helpful mainly in those areas where some approaches are controversial and the progress made is quite fast. That is especially true for the rheology of geomaterials, domain of great interest for mining and petroleum engineers, engineering geology, seismology, geophlsics, civil engineering, nuclear and industrial waste storage, geothermal energy storage, caverns for sports, culture, telecommunications, storage of goods and foodstuffs (cold, hot and refrigerated storages), underground oil and natural gas reservoirs etc. Some of the last obtained results are mentioned in the present volume...

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION Over the past 18 years the author and several colleagues have developed a mathematical model designed to predict the propagation characteristics of acoustic waves in marine sediments. The model is based on the classical work of Maurice Biot who developed a comprehensive theory for the mechanics of porous, deformable media in a series of papers spanning the time period from 1941 to 1973. Since our objective was to develop a practical working model that could be used as a guide in planning and interpreting experimental work, we began with the simplest possible form of the model and added various complexities only as they were needed to explain new variations in the data that were obtained. Thus the number of material parameters that had to be measured or assumed at any stage in the development of the model was kept to a minimum. Since the first version of the model was introduced in 1970, we have published over twenty technical papers covering various stages of its development and many papers have been published by colleagues who have utilized our work in various ways. This monograph is an attempt to summarize the development and use of the model to date. Acoustic waves in ocean sediments may be considered as a limiting case in the more general category of mechanical waves that can propagate in fluid-saturated porous media. The general problem of wave motion in this kind of material has been studied extensively over the past thirty years by engineers, geophysicists and acousticians for a variety of reasons. In some cases, interest is focused on low-frequency waves of rather large amplitude, such as those that arise near the source of an earthquake or near a building housing heavy, vibrating machinery. At other times, the main interest is in waves of low frequency and amplitude that have traversed long distances through the sediment. In still another category, high-frequency waves that are able to resolve thin layering and other fine structural details are of interest in studying near-bottom sediments. Thus the full spread of frequency and amplitude has been studied for geological materials ranging from soft, unconsolidated sediments to rock. Because of the almost limitless combinations of different types of sediment, stratification and structure, accurate mathematical description of the wave field produced by a particular source can be constructed only if accurate descriptions of the acoustic properties of individual components can be specified. These properties depend on the geological history of the sediment deposit, on the frequency content of the wave field and on a number of other factors that depend on the environment in situ. A survey of the literature suggests that there are a number of parameters that play principal roles in controlling the dynamic response of saturated sediments...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE It was only during the last few years, that the geological effects of storms and hurricanes in shallow-marine environments have been better appreciated. Not only were storm deposits recognized to dominate many shelf sequences, they also proved to be valuable tools in facies and paleogeographical analysis. Additionally, storm layers form important hydrocarbon reservoirs. Storm-generated sequences are now reasonably mell documented in terms of their facies associations in the stratigraphic record. Much less is known, however, about the effects and the depositional processes of modern storms, and about the styles of storm sedimentation on basinwide scales. Accordingly, the goal of this study is two-fold: 1. it presents two case studies of modern carbonate and terrigenous clastics storm sedimentatioq. The models derived from these actualistic examples can be used to interprete possible ancient analogues. 2. it presents a comprehensive analysis of an ancient storm depositional system (Muschelkalk) on a basin-wide scale. The underlying approach of this study is a process-oriented analysis of sedimentary sequences, an approach that ~as summarized by Matthews (1974, 1984) as "dynamic stratigraphy". The integration of actualistic models with a "dynamic" stratigraphic analysis helps to understand the dynamics of storm depositional systems; these models have a potential to be applied to other basins and to predict the facies organisation and the facies evolution in such systems...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE It is to-day generally recognized by environmental scientists that the particular behaviour of trace metals in the environment is determined by their specific physico-chemical forms rather than by their total concentration. With the introduction, several years ago, of atomic absorption spectrometry at many laboratories involved in environmental studies, a technique for simple, rapid and cheap determination of total metal concentrations in environmental samples became available. As a consequence, there is a plethora of scientific papers and reports where metal concentrations in the environment are only reported as total concentrations. It appears that the simplicity of making accurate determinations of total metal contents in water, sediment and biological samples has somewhat masked the need for improved knowledge about the various forms of metals occurring in the environment as well as the bioavailahility of these forms. In other words, the need for metal speciation in studies of metals in the environment does not seem to have become obvious to most environmental scientists until relatively recently. As a matter of fact, it was only in the middle of the 1970s that the first systematic attempts were made to obtain information about the various metal species occurring in environmental samples. During the last ten years, however, a revolutionary change of attitude towards the importance of metal speciation has occurred and considerable research effort has been devoted by environmental scientists to measuring the concentrations of biologically important trace metals in surface waters. There is currently an increasing effort to couple the development of chemical analytical techniques to process-related biological problems. Concurrently, a new focus is being imposed on ecological impact studies, that of determining which active trace metal species merit the most intensive research from the standpoint of environmental perturbation. Current efforts are directed towards the development of chemical speciation schemes which can be related directly to measures of bioavailability...

Description / Table of Contents: The aim of this volume is to reflect the current state of geoscientific activity focused on the geodynamic evolution of the Atlas system and to discuss new results and ideas. The volume provides a selection of papers on the geological history, structural development, and geophysical data of Morocco. It was not possible to cover all areas of geoscientific interest, however, we hope to shed some light on the major geodynamic problems.

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE In a densily populated industrialized country, waste disposal must be compatible with the requirements of the environment. This is one of the indispensable requirements to guarantee an effective protection of the environment. In the past years the waste disposal industry has been given increasing attention by the general public as well as the authorities. This confirms the necessity of adapting the quality of waste disposal to the technological standard of the production. While in the past, waste disposal performance was more or less evaluated in terms of short-term costs, there is at present a reorientation in the direction of a science-based waste disposal industry. These new tendencies are taking into account ecological factors as well as the long-term consequences - i.e., for decades and centuries to come - of waste disposal methods. In this light, particular attention is given to the depositing of residues whose utilization does not appear meaningful from an ecological point of view, or would require disproportionate ressources. It is an important concern of the Federal Authorities to encourage the rapid materialization of disposal solutions which can function as ultimate deposits, and which will therefore cause neither water pollution nor gaseous emissions. In view of this goal it is necessary to establish criteria and regulations for the wastes to be deposited as well as for the characteristics of the deposits. This field confronts science with an urgent but rewarding challenge and calls for close collaboration between many different specialized disciplines...

Description / Table of Contents: This book is the collection of the Lecture Notes of an International Summer School of Theoretical Geodesy held in Assisi (Italy) from May 23 to June 3 -1988.

Description / Table of Contents: T. P. Young and W. E. G. Taylor: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.01 --- T. P. Young: Phanerozoic ironstones: an introduction and review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:ix-xxv, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.02 --- Geochemical and Mineralogical Framework --- B. Velde: Phyllosilicate formation in berthierine peloids and iron oolites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:3-8, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.03 --- Hermann Harder: Mineral genesis in ironstones: a model based upon laboratory experiments and petrographic observations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:9-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.04 --- D. A. Spears: Aspects of iron incorporation into sediments with special reference to the Yorkshire Ironstones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:19-30, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.05 --- Stratigraphic Patterns --- F. B. Van Houten and M. A. Arthur: Temporal patterns among Phanerozoic oolitic ironstones and oceanic anoxia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:33-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.06 --- T. P. Young: Eustatically controlled ooidal ironstone deposition: facies relationships of the Ordovician open-shelf ironstones of Western Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:51-63, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.07 --- Roland Dreesen: Oolitic ironstones as event-stratigraphical marker beds within the Upper Devonian of the Ardenno-Rhenish Massif / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:65-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.08 --- T. Teyssen: A depositional model for the Liassic Minette ironstones (Luxemburg and France), in comparison with other Phanerozoic oolitic ironstones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:79-92, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.09 --- D. P. Bhattacharyya: Concentrated and lean oolites: examples from the Nubia Formation at Aswan, Egypt, and significance of the oolite types in ironstone genesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:93-103, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.10 --- Ulf Bayer: Stratigraphic and environmental patterns of ironstone deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:105-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.11 --- Fabrics --- C. R. Hughes: The application of analytical transmission electron microscopy to the study of oolitic ironstones: a preliminary study / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:121-131, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.12 --- A. U. Gehring: The formation of goethitic ooids in condensed Jurassic deposits in northern Switzerland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:133-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.13 --- A. T. Kearsley: Iron-rich ooids, their mineralogy and microfabric: clues to their origin and evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:141-164, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.14 --- J-J. Chauvel and S. Guerrak: Oolitization processes in Palaeozoic ironstones of France, Algeria and Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:165-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.15 --- A. Siehl and J. Thein: Minette-type ironstones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:175-193, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.16 --- Case Studies --- S. Guerrak: Time and space distribution of Palaeozoic oolitic ironstones in the Tindouf Basin, Algerian Sahara / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:197-212, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.17 --- R. J. B. Trythall: The mid-Ordovician oolitic ironstones of North Wales: a field guide / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:213-220, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.18 --- K. J. Myers: The origin of the Lower Jurassic Cleveland Ironstone Formation of North-East England: evidence from portable gamma-ray spectrometry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:221-228, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.19 --- E. Garzanti, R. Haas, and F. Jadoul: Ironstones in the Mesozoic passive margin sequence of the Tethys Himalaya (Zanskar, Northern India): sedimentology and metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 46:229-244, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.046.01.20

Description / Table of Contents: Mike Coward and Dorothee Dietrich: Alpine tectonics — an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:1-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.01 --- Tectonic Evolution of the External Zones of the Alps --- J. G. Ramsay: Fold and fault geometry in the western Helvetic nappes of Switzerland and France and its implication for the evolution of the arc of the western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:33-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.02 --- D. Dietrich and M. Casey: A new tectonic model for the Helvetic nappes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:47-63, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.03 --- J.-P. Gratier, G. Ménard, and R. Arpin: Strain-displacement compatibility and restoration of the Chaînes Subalpines of the western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:65-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.04 --- N. Fry: Southwestward thrusting and tectonics of the western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:83-109, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.05 --- Tectonic Evolution of the Internal and Southern Zones of the Alps --- O. Merle, P. R. Cobbold, and S. Schmid: Tertiary kinematics in the Lepontine dome / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:113-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.06 --- J. P. Platt, P. C. Cunningham, P. Weston, G. S. Lister, F. Peel, T. Baudin, and H. Dondey: Thrusting and backthrusting in the Briançonnais domain of the western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:135-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.07 --- S. M. Schmid, H. R. Aebli, F. Heller, and A. Zingg: The role of the Periadriatic Line in the tectonic evolution of the Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:153-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.08 --- A. C. Ellis, A. C. Barnicoat, and N. Fry: Structural and metamorphic constraints on the tectonic evolution of the upper Pennine Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:173-188, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.09 --- J. Ridley: Structural and metamorphic history of a segment of the Sesia-Lanzo zone, and its bearing on the kinematics of Alpine deformation in the western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:189-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.10 --- K. H. Brodie, E. H. Rutter, and D. Rex: On the age of deep crustal extensional faulting in the Ivrea zone, northern Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:203-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.11 --- D. Roeder: South-Alpine thrusting and trans-Alpine convergence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:211-227, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.12 --- H. P. Laubscher: The tectonics of the southern Alps and the Austro-Alpine nappes: a comparison / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:229-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.13 --- L. Ratschbacher and F. Neubauer: West-directed décollement of Austro-Alpine cover nappes in the eastern Alps: geometrical and rheological considerations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:243-262, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.14 --- Models of the Development of the Alpine Chain --- J. F. Dewey, M. L. Helman, S. D. Knott, E. Turco, and D. H. W. Hutton: Kinematics of the western Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:265-283, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.15 --- J. E. T. Channell and J. C. Mareschal: Delamination and asymmetric lithospheric thickening in the development of the Tyrrhenian Rift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:285-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.16 --- St. Mueller: Deep-reaching geodynamic processes in the Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:303-328, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.17 --- P. Vialon, P. Rochette, and G. Ménard: Indentation and rotation in the western Alpine arc / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:329-338, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.18 --- R. Lacassin: Plate-scale kinematics and compatibility of crustal shear zones in the Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:339-352, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.19 --- J. C. Hunziker, J. Desmons, and G. Martinotti: Alpine thermal evolution in the central and the western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:353-367, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.20 --- A. J. Hurford, M. Flisch, and E. Jäger: Unravelling the thermo-tectonic evolution of the Alps: a contribution from fission track analysis and mica dating / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:369-398, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.21 --- F. Heller, W. Lowrie, and A. M. Hirt: A review of palaeomagnetic and magnetic anisotropy results from the Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:399-420, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.22 --- K. J. Hsü: Time and place in Alpine orogenesis — the Fermor Lecture / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:421-443, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.23

Description / Table of Contents: M. A. Cooper and G. D. Williams: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:vii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.01 --- Modelling and Theoretical Concepts --- G. D. Williams, C. M. Powell, and M. A. Cooper: Geometry and kinematics of inversion tectonics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:3-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.02 --- A. B. Hayward and R. H. Graham: Some geometrical characteristics of inversion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:17-39, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.03 --- K. R. McClay: Analogue models of inversion tectonics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:41-59, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.04 --- Inversion in the Alps and Alpine Foreland --- P. A. Ziegler: Geodynamic model for Alpine intra-plate compressional deformation in Western and Central Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:63-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.05 --- P. C. de Graciansky, G. Dardeau, M. Lemoine, and P. Tricart: The inverted margin of the French Alps and foreland basin inversion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:87-104, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.06 --- R. W. H. Butler: The influence of pre-existing basin structure on thrust system evolution in the Western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:105-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.07 --- I. R. Simpson, M. Gravestock, D. Ham, H. Leach, and S. D. Thompson: Notes and cross-sections illustrating inversion tectonics in the Wessex Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:123-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.08 --- D. G. Roberts: Basin inversion in and around the British Isles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:131-150, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.09 --- Inversion on the European Continental Shelf --- J. A. Cartwright: The kinematics of inversion in the Danish Central Graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:153-175, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.10 --- T. J. Chapman: The Permian to Cretaceous structural evolution of the Western Approaches Basin (Melville sub-basin), UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:177-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.11 --- M. E. Badley, J. D. Price, and L. C. Backshall: Inversion, reactivated faults and related structures: seismic examples from the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:201-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.12 --- Inversion in Other Geological Environments --- C. M. Powell and G. D. Williams: The Lewis Thrust/Rocky Mountain trench fault system in Northwest Montana, USA: an example of negative inversion tectonics? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:223-234, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.13 --- K. R. McClay, M. W. Insley, and R. Anderton: Inversion of the Kechika Trough, Northeastern British Columbia, Canada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:235-257, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.14 --- C. K. Morley: Basin inversion in the Osen-Røa thrust sheet, Southern Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:259-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.15 --- M. P. Coward, M. A. Enfield, and M. W. Fischer: Devonian basins of Northern Scotland: extension and inversion related to Late Caledonian — Variscan tectonics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:275-308, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.16 --- M. C. Daly, J. Chorowicz, and J. D. Fairhead: Rift basin evolution in Africa: the influence of reactivated steep basement shear zones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:309-334, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.17 --- M. A. Cooper, G. D. Williams, P. C. de Graciansky, R. W. Murphy, T. Needham, D. de Paor, R. Stoneley, S. P. Todd, J. P. Turner, and P. A. Ziegler: Inversion tectonics — a discussion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:335-347, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.18 --- Abstracts --- I. W. D. Dalziel: Inversion of circum-Pacific marginal basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:351, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.19 --- J. F. Dewey: Kinematics and dynamics of basin inversion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:352, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.20 --- A. Gibbs and A. Beach: Extensional tectonics in a convergent intra-plate setting: linked inversions on oblique and frontal ramps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.21 --- R. Gillcrist, M. P. Coward, B. Trudgill, A. Pecher, and J. L. Mugnier: Structural inversion in the external French Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:354, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.22 --- N. J. Kusznir and G. D. Williams: Geometric, thermal and isostatic constraints on basin inversion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:355, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.23 --- B. van Hoorn: Structural evolution, timing and tectonic style of the Sole Pit inversion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:356, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.24

Description / Table of Contents: A. D. Saunders and M. J. Norry: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.01 --- I. G. Gass: Magmatic processes at and near constructive plate margins as deduced from the Troodos (Cyprus) and Semail Nappe (N Oman) ophiolites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:1-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.02 --- Robert S. White: Asthenospheric control on magmatism in the ocean basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:17-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.03 --- John G. Spray: Upper mantle segregation processes: evidence from alpine-type peridotites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:29-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.04 --- James H. Natland: Partial melting of a lithologically heterogeneous mantle: inferences from crystallization histories of magnesian abyssal tholeiites from the Siqueiros Fracture Zone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:41-70, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.05 --- H. J. B. Dick: Abyssal peridotites, very slow spreading ridges and ocean ridge magmatism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:71-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.06 --- Sherman H. Bloomer, James H. Natland, and Robert L. Fisher: Mineral relationships in gabbroic rocks from fracture zones of Indian Ocean ridges: evidence for extensive fractionation, parental diversity and boundary-layer recrystallization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:107-124, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.07 --- Don Elthon: Pressure of origin of primary mid-ocean ridge basalts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:125-136, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.08 --- Toshitsugu Fujii: Genesis of mid-ocean ridge basalts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:137-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.09 --- Z. A. Palacz and J. A. Wolff: Strontium, neodymium and lead isotope characteristics of the Granadilla Pumice, Tenerife: a study of the causes of strontium isotope disequilibrium in felsic pyroclastic deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:147-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.10 --- M. Storey, J. A. Wolff, M. J. Norry, and G. F. Marriner: Origin of hybrid lavas from Agua de Pau volcano, Sao Miguel, Azores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:161-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.11 --- G. Thompson, W. B. Bryan, and S. E. Humphris: Axial volcanism on the East Pacific Rise, 10–12°N / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:181-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.12 --- Johann Helgason: The Fjallgardar volcanic ridge in NE Iceland: an aborted early stage plate boundary or a volcanically dormant zone? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:201-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.13 --- P. A. Floyd: Geochemical features of intraplate oceanic plateau basalts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:215-230, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.14 --- G. R. Davies, R. A. Cliff, M. J. Norry, and D. C. Gerlach: A combined chemical and Pb-Sr-Nd isotope study of the Azores and Cape Verde hot-spots: the geodynamic implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:231-255, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.15 --- D. J. Chaffey, R. A. Cliff, and B. M. Wilson: Characterization of the St Helena magma source / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:257-276, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.16 --- J.-L. Joron and M. Treuil: Hygromagmaphile element distributions in oceanic basalts as fingerprints of partial melting and mantle heterogeneities: a specific approach and proposal of an identification and modelling method / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:277-299, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.17 --- D. E. Fisher: Evaluation of rare gas data in relation to oceanic magmas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:301-311, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.18 --- S.-s. Sun and W. F. McDonough: Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:313-345, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.19 --- B. J. Murton: Tectonic controls on boninite genesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:347-377, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.20

Description / Table of Contents: Deltaic Systems and General Models --- T. Elliott: Deltaic systems and their contribution to an understanding of basin-fill successions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:3-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.01 --- J. Alexander: Delta or coastal plain? With an example of the controversy from the Middle Jurassic of Yorkshire / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:11-19, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.02 --- J. P. M. Syvitski and G. E. Farrow: Fjord sedimentation as an analogue for small hydrocarbon-bearing fan deltas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:21-43, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.03 --- M. Ito: Profiles of fan deltas and water depth in the receiving basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:45-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.04 --- Subsurface and Geophysical Techniques --- G. Cowan: Diagenesis of Upper Carboniferous sandstones: southern North Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:57-73, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.05 --- C. S. Bristow and K. J. Myers: Detailed sedimentology and gamma-ray log characteristics of a Namurian deltaic succession I: Sedimentology and facies analysis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:75-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.06 --- K. J. Myers and C. S. Bristow: Detailed sedimentology and gamma-ray log characteristics of a Namurian deltaic succession II: Gamma-ray logging / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:81-88, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.07 --- R. C. Selley: Deltaic reservoir prediction from rotational dipmeter patterns / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:89-95, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.08 --- Selected Delta Case Studies --- G. Sestini: Nile Delta: a review of depositional environments and geological history / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:99-127, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.09 --- H. Okazaki and F. Masuda: Arcuate and bird’s foot deltas in the late Pleistocene Palaeo-Tokyo Bay / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:129-138, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.10 --- G. K. Pedersen: A fluvial-dominated lacustrine delta in a volcanic province, W Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:139-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.11 --- J. P. Harris: The sedimentology of a Middle Jurassic lagoonal delta system: Elgol Formation (Great Estuarine Group), NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:147-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.12 --- O. J. Martinsen: Styles of soft-sediment deformation on a Namurian (Carboniferous) delta slope, Western Irish Namurian Basin, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:167-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.13 --- A. J. Pulham: Controls on internal structure and architecture of sandstone bodies within Upper Carboniferous fluvial-dominated deltas, County Clare, western Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:179-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.14 --- A. Siedlecka, K. T. Pickering, and M. B. Edwards: Upper Proterozoic passive margin deltaic complex, Finnmark, N Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:205-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.15 --- Petroleum- and Gas-related Case Histories --- S. Flint, D. J. Stewart, and E. D. van Riessen: Reservoir geology of the Sirikit oilfield, Thailand: lacustrine deltaic sedimentation in a Tertiary intermontane basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:223-235, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.16 --- W. Helland-Hansen, R. Steel, K. Nakayama, and C. G. St. C. Kendall: Review and computer modelling of the Brent Group stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:237-252, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.17 --- S. Brown and P. C. Richards: Facies and development of the Middle Jurassic Brent Delta near the northern limit of its progradation, UK North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:253-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.18 --- S. E. Livera: Facies associations and sand-body geometries in the Ness Formation of the Brent Group, Brent Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:269-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.19 --- Coal-related Case Histories --- R. S. Haszeldine: Coal reviewed: depositional controls, modern analogues and ancient climates / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:289-308, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.20 --- A. C. Scott: Deltaic coals: an ecological and palaeobotanical perspective / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:309-316, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.21 --- M. K. G. Whateley and G. R. Jordan: Fan-delta-lacustrine sedimentation and coal development in the Tertiary Ombilin Basin, W Sumatra, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:317-332, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.22 --- W. A. Read: The influence of basin subsidence and depositional environment on regional patterns of coal thickness within the Namurian fluvio-deltaic sedimentary fill of the Kincardine Basin, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:333-344, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.23

Description / Table of Contents: Mervyn E. Jones and R. M. F. Preston: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:1-8, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.01 --- Part I: Theory and Experimental --- G. Owen: Deformation processes in unconsolidated sands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:11-24, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.02 --- J. P. Gratier: Pressure solution-deposition creep and associated tectonic differentiation in sedimentary rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:25-38, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.03 --- G. Mandl and R. M. Harkness: Hydrocarbon migration by hydraulic fracturing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:39-53, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.04 --- C. R. I. Clayton and M. C. Matthews: Deformation, diagenesis and the mechanical behaviour of chalk / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:55-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.05 --- R. J. Allison: Non-destructive determination of Young’s modulus and its relationship with compressive strength, porosity and density / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:63-69, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.06 --- Alex J. Maltman: A laboratory technique for investigating the deformation microstructures of water-rich sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:71-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.07 --- Alex. J. Maltman: Shear zones in argillaceous sediments—an experimental study / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:77-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.08 --- Part II: Processes --- John R. Underhill and Nigel H. Woodcock: Faulting mechanisms in high-porosity sandstones; New Red Sandstone, Arran, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:91-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.09 --- Jean-Pierre Petit and Edgard Laville: Morphology and microstructures of hydroplastic slickensides in sandstone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:107-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.10 --- Michel Guiraud and Michel Séguret: Soft-sediment microfaulting related to compaction within the fluviodeltaic infill of the Soria strike-slip basin (northern Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:123-136, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.11 --- Michael Leeder: Sediment deformation structures and the palaeotectonic analysis of sedimentary basins, with a case-study from the Carboniferous of northern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:137-144, NP, 145-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.12 --- Pierre Labaume: Syn-diagenetic deformation of a turbiditic succession related to submarine gravity nappe emplacement, Autapie Nappe, French Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:147-163, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.13 --- S.A. Schack Pedersen: Comparative studies of gravity tectonics in Quaternary sediments and sedimentary rocks related to fold belts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:165-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.14 --- S. G. Farrell and S. Eaton: Slump strain in the Tertiary of Cyprus and the Spanish Pyrenees. Definition of palaeoslopes and models of soft-sediment deformation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:181-196, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.15 --- P. M. Clifford, M. C. Rice, L. L. Pryer, and F. Fueten: Mass transfer in unmetamorphosed carbonates and during low-grade metamorphism of arenites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:197-209, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.16 --- Part III: Descriptive --- K. T. Pickering: Wet-sediment deformation in the Upper Ordovician Point Leamington Formation: an active thrust-imbricate system during sedimentation, Notre Dame Bay, north-central Newfoundland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:213-218,NP,219-232,NP,234-239, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.17 --- Krzysztof Brodzikowski, Roman Gotowała, Ludwik Kasza, and Antonius J. Van Loon: The Kleszczów Graben (central Poland): reconstruction of the deformational history and inventory of the resulting soft-sediment deformational structures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:241-254, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.18 --- K. Brodzikowski, R. Gotowała, A. Hałuszczak, D. Krzyszkowski, and A. J. Van Loon: Soft-sediment deformations from glaciodeltaic, glaciolacustrine and fluviolacustrine sediments in the Kleszczów Graben (central Poland) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:255-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.19 --- Krzysztof Brodzikowski, Dariusz Krzyszkowski, and Antonius J. Van Loon: Endogenic processes as a cause of penecontemporaneous soft-sediment deformations in the fluviolacustrine Czyżów Series (Kleszczów Graben, central Poland) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:269-278, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.20 --- Krzysztof Brodzikowski and Andrzej Hałuszczak: Flame structures and associated deformations in Quaternary glaciolacustrine and glaciodeltaic deposits: examples from central Poland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:279-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.21 --- Krzysztof Brodzikowski, Andrzej Hałuszczak, Dariusz Krzyszkowski, and Antonius J. Van Loon: Genesis and diagnostic value of large-scale gravity-induced penecontemporaneous deformation horizons in Quaternary sediments of the Kleszczów Graben (central Poland) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:287-298, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.22 --- Colin A. Davenport and Philip S. Ringrose: Deformation of Scottish Quaternary sediment sequences by strong earthquake motions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:299-314, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.23 --- J. Alexander: Syn-sedimentary and burial related deformation in the Middle Jurassic non-marine formations of the Yorkshire Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:315-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.24 --- Bill Fitches: Aspects of veining in the Welsh Lower Palaeozoic Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 29:325-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.029.01.25

Description / Table of Contents: D. R. Bowes: Janet Watson—an appreciation and bibliography / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.01 --- John Sutton and Janet Watson: The Lewisian complex: questions for the future / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:7-11, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.02 --- R. G. Park and J. Tarney: The Lewisian complex: a typical Precambrian high-grade terrain? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:13-25, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.03 --- D. J. Fettes and J. R. Mendum: The evolution of the Lewisian complex in the Outer Hebrides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:27-44, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.04 --- J. Tarney and B. L. Weaver: Geochemistry of the Scourian complex: petrogenesis and tectonic models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:45-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.05 --- H. R. Rollinson and M. B. Fowler: The magmatic evolution of the Scourian complex at Gruinard Bay / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:57-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.06 --- A. C. Barnicoat: The causes of the high-grade metamorphism of the Scourie complex, NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:73-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.07 --- J. D. Sills and H. R. Rollinson: Metamorphic evolution of the mainland Lewisian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:81-92, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.08 --- I. Cartwright and A. C. Barnicoat: Petrology of Scourian supracrustal rocks and orthogneisses from Stoer, NW Scotland: implications for the geological evolution of the Lewisian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:93-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.09 --- N. M. S. Rock, A. E. Davis, D. Hutchison, M. Joseph, and T. K. Smith: The geochemistry of Lewisian marbles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:109-126, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.10 --- M. P. Coward and R. G. Park: The role of mid-crustal shear zones in the Early Proterozoic evolution of the Lewisian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:127-138, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.11 --- R. G. Park, A. Crane, and M. Niamatullah: Early Proterozoic structure and kinematic evolution of the southern mainland Lewisian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:139-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.12 --- J. Wheeler, B. F. Windley, and F. B. Davies: Internal evolution of the major Precambrian shear belt at Torridon, NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:153-163, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.13 --- P. Attfield: The structural history of the Canisp Shear Zone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:165-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.14 --- S. H. White and J. Glasser: The Outer Hebrides Fault Zone: evidence for normal movements / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:175-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.15 --- J. Hall: Physical properties of Lewisian rocks: implications for deep crustal structure / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:185-192, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.16 --- D. K. Smythe: Deep seismic reflection profiling of the Lewisian foreland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:193-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.17 --- J. D. A. Piper: The palaeomagnetic record in the Lewisian terrain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:205-215, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.18 --- J. Tarney and B. L. Weaver: Mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry of the Scourie dykes: petrogenesis and crystallization processes in dykes intruded at depth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:217-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.19 --- J. S. Myers: The East Greenland Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt compared with the Lewisian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:235-246, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.20 --- J. Korstgård, B. Ryan, and R. Wardle: The boundary between Proterozoic and Archaean crustal blocks in central West Greenland and northern Labrador / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:247-259, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.21 --- R. P. Hall, D. J. Hughes, and C. R. L. Friend: Mid-Archaean basic magmatism of southern West Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:261-275, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.22 --- J. S. Myers: High-grade terrains in and around the Yilgarn Block of Western Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:277-284, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.23 --- S. L. Harley and L. P. Black: The Archaean geological evolution of Enderby Land, Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:285-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.24 --- J. D. Sills, K. Wang, Y. Yan, and B. F. Windley: The Archaean high grade gneiss terrain in E Hebei Province, NE China: geological framework and conditions of metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 27:297-305, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.027.01.25

Description / Table of Contents: Paul Hancock: Appreciation: A. M. Quennell—a prescient tectonician / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:x-xii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.01 --- Fault Geometry and Associated Processes --- J. A. Jackson: Active normal faulting and crustal extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:3-17, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.02 --- A. Gibbs: Development of extension and mixed-mode sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:19-33, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.03 --- N. J. Kusznir and R. G. Park: The extensional strength of the continental lithosphere: its dependence on geothermal gradient, and crustal composition and thickness / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:35-52, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.04 --- H. David Lynch and Paul Morgan: The tensile strength of the lithosphere and the localization of extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:53-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.05 --- C. E. Keen: Some important consequences of lithospheric extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:67-73, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.06 --- David Barr: Lithospheric stretching, detached normal faulting and footwall uplift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:75-94, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.07 --- B. Vendeville, P. R. Cobbold, P. Davy, P. Choukroune, and J. P. Brun: Physical models of extensional tectonics at various scales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:95-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.08 --- K. R. McClay and P. G. Ellis: Analogue models of extensional fault geometries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:109-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.09 --- P. L. Hancock and T. G. Bevan: Brittle modes of foreland extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:127-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.10 --- M. R. Leeder and R. L. Gawthorpe: Sedimentary models for extensional tilt-block/half-graben basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:139-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.11 --- Extension in the Basin and Range Province and East Pacific Margin --- W. Hamilton: Crustal extension in the Basin and Range Province, southwestern United States / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:155-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.12 --- P. J. Coney: The regional tectonic setting and possible causes of Cenozoic extension in the North American Cordillera / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:177-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.13 --- L. J. Sonder, P. C. England, B. P. Wernicke, and R. L. Christiansen: A physical model for Cenozoic extension of western North America / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:187-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.14 --- Brian P. Wernicke, Philip C. England, Leslie J. Sonder, and Robert L. Christiansen: Tectonomagmatic evolution of Cenozoic extension in the North American Cordillera / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:203-221, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.15 --- Richard W. Allmendinger, Jack Oliver, Thomas A. Hauge, Ernest C. Hauser, and Christopher J. Potter: Tectonic heredity and the layered lower crust in the Basin and Range Province, western United States / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:223-246, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.16 --- George H. Davis: A shear-zone model for the structural evolution of metamorphic core complexes in southeastern Arizona / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:247-266, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.17 --- Jeffrey Lee, Elizabeth L. Miller, and John F. Sutter: Ductile strain and metamorphism in an extensional tectonic setting: a case study from the northern Snake Range, Nevada, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:267-298, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.18 --- Keith A. Howard and Barbara E. John: Crustal extension along a rooted system of imbricate low-angle faults: Colorado River extensional corridor, California and Arizona / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:299-311, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.19 --- Barbara E. John: Geometry and evolution of a mid-crustal extensional fault system: Chemehuevi Mountains, southeastern California / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:313-335, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.20 --- Ronald L. Bruhn, Pamela R. Gibler, and William T. Parry: Rupture characteristics of normal faults: an example from the Wasatch fault zone, Utah / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:337-353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.21 --- Gordon P. Eaton: Topography and origin of the southern Rocky Mountains and Alvarado Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:355-369, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.22 --- Paul K. Eddington, Robert B. Smith, and C. Renggli: Kinematics of Basin and Range intraplate extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:371-392, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.23 --- K. V. Hodges, J. D. Walker, and B. P. Wernicke: Footwall structural evolution of the Tucki Mountain detachment system, Death Valley region, southeastern California / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:393-408, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.24 --- Bob Thompson, Eric Mercier, and Charlie Roots: Extension and its influence on Canadian Cordilleran passive-margin evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:409-417, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.25 --- S. W. Garrett and B. C. Storey: Lithospheric extension on the Antarctic Peninsula during Cenozoic subduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:419-431, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.26 --- I. W. D. Dalziel, A. M. Grunow, B. C. Storey, S. W. Garrett, L. D. B. Herrod, and R. J. Pankhurst: Extensional tectonics and the fragmentation of Gondwanaland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:433-441, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.27 --- Extension in the NW European Continental Shelf --- M. J. Cheadle, S. McGeary, M. R. Warner, and D. H. Matthews: Extensional structures on the western UK continental shelf: a review of evidence from deep seismic profiling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:445-465, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.28 --- Alastair Beach, Tim Bird, and Alan Gibbs: Extensional tectonics and crustal structure: deep seismic reflection data from the northern North Sea Viking graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:467-476, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.29 --- F. Zervos: A compilation and regional interpretation of the northern North Sea gravity map / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:477-493, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.30 --- Stephen E. Laubach and Stephen Marshak: Fault patterns generated during extensional deformation of crystalline basement, NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:495-499, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.31 --- S. R. Kirton and K. Hitchen: Timing and style of crustal extension N of the Scottish mainland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:501-510, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.32 --- C. R. Fielding and G. A. L. Johnson: Sedimentary structures associated with extensional fault movement from the Westphalian of NE England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:511-516, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.33 --- Garry D. Karner, Stuart D. Lake, and John F. Dewey: The thermal and mechanical development of the Wessex Basin, southern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:517-536, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.34 --- Michel Seranne and Michel Seguret: The Devonian basins of western Norway: tectonics and kinematics of an extending crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:537-548, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.35 --- Extension in the Middle East --- P. Y. Chénet, B. Colletta, J. Letouzey, G. Desforges, E. Ousset, and E. A. Zaghloul: Structures associated with extensional tectonics in the Suez rift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:551-558, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.36 --- Vincent Courtillot, Rolando Armijo, and Paul Tapponnier: Kinematics of the Sinai triple junction and a two-phase model of Arabia-Africa rifting / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:559-573, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.37 --- A. M. C. Şengör: Cross-faults and differential stretching of hanging walls in regions of low-angle normal faulting: examples from western Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:575-589, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.38 --- Extension in Thrust Belts --- J. K. Leggett, N. Lundberg, C. J. Bray, D. E. Karig, J. P. Cadet, R. J. Knipe, and R. von Huene: Extensional tectonics in the Honshu fore-arc, Japan: integrated results of DSDP Legs 57, 87 and reprocessed multichannel seismic reflection profiles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:593-609, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.39 --- L. H. Royden and B. C. Burchfiel: Thin-skinned N-S extension within the convergent Himalayan region: gravitational collapse of a Miocene topographic front / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28:611-619, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.028.01.40

Description / Table of Contents: Regional Studies --- K. W. Glennie: Development of N.W. Europe’s Southern Permian Gas Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:3-22, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.01 --- A. D. Gibbs: Strike-slip Basins and Inversion: a possible model for the Southern North Sea Gas Areas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:23-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.02 --- J. C. M. Taylor: Gas Prospects in the Variscan Thrust Province of Southern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:37-53, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.03 --- S. R. Tubb, A. Soulsby, and S. R. Lawrence: Palaeozoic Prospects on the Northern Flanks of the London-Brabant Massif / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:55-72, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.04 --- L. V. Illing and A. E. Griffith: Gas Prospects in the ‘Midland Valley’ of Northern Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:73-84, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.05 --- Michael J. Cope: An Interpretation of Vitrinite Reflectance Data From the Southern North Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:85-98, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.06 --- Methods and Applications --- Marlies Teichmüller: Coalification and natural gas deposits in northwestern Germany / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:101-112, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.07 --- M. D. Higgs: Laboratory Studies into the Generation of Natural Gas from Coals / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:113-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.08 --- D. N. Clark: The Distribution of Porosity in Zechstein Carbonates / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:121-149, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.09 --- J. K. Draxler and D. P. Edwards: Evaluation Procedures in the Carboniferous of Northern Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:151-167, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.10 --- S. A. Thorn and T. P. Jones: Application of Image Ray Tracing in the Southern North Sea Gas Fields / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:169-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.11 --- Gas Field Studies --- T.P. Bushell: Reservoir Geology of the Morecambe Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:189-208, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.12 --- Ron Bifani: Esmond Gas Complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:209-221, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.13 --- M. W. Goodchild and P. Bryant: The Geology of the Rough Gas Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:223-235, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.14 --- A. M. Conway: Geology and Petrophysics of the Victor Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:237-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.15 --- T. J. Arthur, D. Pilling, D. Bush, and L. Macchi: The Leman Sandstone Formation in U.K. Block 49/28 Sedimentation, Diagenesis and Burial History / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:251-266, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.16 --- A. ten Have and A. Hillier: Reservoir Geology of the Sean North and South Gas Fields, U.K. Southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 23:267-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.023.01.17

Description / Table of Contents: A. J. Fleet and J. Brooks: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:1-14, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.01 --- Part I: Concepts and Methods --- J. Brooks, C. Cornford, and R. Archer: The role of hydrocarbon source rocks in petroleum exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:17-46, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.02 --- R. V. Tyson: The genesis and palynofacies characteristics of marine petroleum source rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:47-67, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.03 --- I. St. J. Fisher and J. D. Hudson: Pyrite formation in Jurassic shales of contrasting biofacies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:69-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.04 --- S. C. Brassell, G. Eglinton, and V. J. Howell: Palaeoenvironmental assessment of marine organic-rich sediments using molecular organic geochemistry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:79-98, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.05 --- P. A. Comet and G. Eglinton: The use of lipids as facies indicators / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:99-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.06 --- Part II: Depositional Processes and Environments --- E. T. Degens and V. Ittekkot: The carbon cycle—tracking the path of organic particles from sea to sediment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:121-135, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.07 --- S. E. Calvert: Oceanographic controls on the accumulation of organic matter in marine sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:137-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.08 --- R. J. Morris: The formation of organic-rich deposits in two deep-water marine environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:153-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.09 --- R. Pelet: A model of organic sedimentation on present-day continental margins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:167-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.10 --- E. Suess, L. D. Kulm, and J. S. Killingley: Coastal upwelling and a history of organic-rich mudstone deposition off Peru / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:181-197, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.11 --- J. T. Parrish: Palaeo-upwelling and the distribution of organic-rich rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:199-205, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.12 --- J. Ferguson: The significance of carbonate ooids in petroleum source-rock studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:207-215, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.13 --- B. R. T. Simoneit and O. E. Kawka: Hydrothermal petroleum from diatomites in the Gulf of California / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:217-228, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.14 --- Part III: The Stratigraphic Record --- A. Thickpenny and J. K. Leggett: Stratigraphic distribution and palaeo-oceanographic significance of European early Palaeozoic organic-rich sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:231-247, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.15 --- M. J. Gibbons: The depositional environment and petroleum geochemistry of the Marl Slate-Kupferschiefer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.16 --- A. Hallam: Mesozoic marine organic-rich shales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:251-261, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.17 --- R. Stoneley: A review of petroleum source rocks in parts of the Middle East / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:263-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.18 --- H. B. Zimmerman, A. Boersma, and F. W. McCoy: Carbonaceous sediments and palaeoenvironment of the Cretaceous South Atlantic Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:271-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.19 --- D. A. V. Stow: South Atlantic organic-rich sediments: facies, processes and environments of deposition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:287-299, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.20 --- C. P. Summerhayes: Organic-rich Cretaceous sediments from the North Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:301-316, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.21 --- P. C. de Graciansky, E. Brosse, G. Deroo, J.-P. Herbin, C. Müller, J. Sigal, A. Schaaf, and L. Montadert: Organic-rich sediments and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of the Cretaceous North Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:317-344, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.22 --- T. J. Bralower and H. R. Thierstein: Organic carbon and metal accumulation rates in Holocene and mid-Cretaceous sediments: palaeoceanographic significance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:345-369, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.23 --- S. O. Schlanger, M. A. Arthur, H. C. Jenkyns, and P. A. Scholle: The Cenomanian-Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event, I. Stratigraphy and distribution of organic carbon-rich beds and the marine δ13C excursion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:371-399, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.24 --- M. A. Arthur, S. O. Schlanger, and H. C. Jenkyns: The Cenomanian-Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event, II. Palaeoceanographic controls on organic-matter production and preservation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:401-420, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.25 --- B. M. Funnell: Anoxic non-events; alternative explanations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:421-422, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.26 --- N. J. Shackleton: The carbon isotope record of the Cenozoic: history of organic carbon burial and of oxygen in the ocean and atmosphere / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26:423-434, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.026.01.27