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  • *Ecosystem
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (35)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 1995-1999  (35)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (35)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • MDPI Publishing
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Test tube evolution catches time in a bottle (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Appenzeller, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2108-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10409068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Culture Media ; *Ecosystem ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/physiology ; Glucose/metabolism ; Maltose/metabolism ; *Mutation ; Pseudomonas fluorescens/*genetics/physiology ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Revisiting the commons: local lessons, global challenges (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: In a seminal paper, Garrett Hardin argued in 1968 that users of a commons are caught in an inevitable process that leads to the destruction of the resources on which they depend. This article discusses new insights about such problems and the conditions most likely to favor sustainable uses of common-pool resources. Some of the most difficult challenges concern the management of large-scale resources that depend on international cooperation, such as fresh water in international basins or large marine ecosystems. Institutional diversity may be as important as biological diversity for our long-term survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostrom, E -- Burger, J -- Field, C B -- Norgaard, R B -- Policansky, D -- ESO 5022/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):278-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change and Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA. ostrom@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Government ; Ownership ; Private Sector ; Privatization ; *Public Policy ; Public Sector ; Social Responsibility
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The evolution of species interactions (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: Interactions between species are as evolutionarily malleable as the species themselves and have played a central role in the diversification and organization of life. This malleability creates complex geographic mosaics in interspecific interactions that can evolve rapidly over decades, blurring the distinction between evolutionary time and ecological time and making the study of coevolution crucial for human health and welfare.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, J N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2116-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Botany and Zoology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. jnt@wsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Parasites/pathogenicity ; *Selection, Genetic ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    The future of the fossil record (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: The fossil record provides a powerful basis for analyzing the controlling factors and impact of biological evolution over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales and in the context of an evolving Earth. An increasingly interdisciplinary paleontology has begun to formulate the next generation of questions, drawing on a wealth of new data, and on methodological advances ranging from high-resolution geochronology to simulation of morphological evolution. Key issues related to evolutionary biology include the biotic and physical factors that govern biodiversity dynamics, the developmental and ecological basis for the nonrandom introduction of evolutionary innovations in time and space, rules of biotic response to environmental perturbations, and the dynamic feedbacks between life and the Earth's surface processes. The sensitivity of evolutionary processes to rates, magnitudes, and spatial scales of change in the physical and biotic environment will be important in all these areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jablonski, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2114-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago 5734 South Ellis Avenue Chicago, IL 60637, USA. djablons@midway.uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; *Paleontology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Stability and variability in competitive communities (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: Long-term variability in the abundance of populations depends on the sensitivity of species to environmental fluctuations and the amplification of environmental fluctuations by interactions among species. Although competitive interactions and species number may have diverse effects on variability measured at the individual species level, a combination of theoretical analyses shows that these factors have no effect on variability measured at the community level. Therefore, biodiversity may increase community stability by promoting diversity among species in their responses to environmental fluctuations, but increasing the number and strength of competitive interactions has little effect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ives, A R -- Gross, K -- Klug, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):542-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. arives@facstaff.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomass ; Competitive Behavior ; *Ecosystem ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Recovering Seveso (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garagna, S -- Rubini, P G -- Redi, C A -- Zuccotti, M -- Meriggi, A -- Fanelli, R -- Facchetti, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1268-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10084930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis/*toxicity ; Female ; Italy ; Male ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/analysis/*toxicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    OECD to set up global facility on biodiversity (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redfearn, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):22-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computational Biology/economics ; *Databases, Factual/economics ; *Ecosystem ; Financial Support ; Financing, Government ; International Cooperation ; Software ; Terminology as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Ecology returns to speciation studies (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2106-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10409067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Drosophila/genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/genetics/physiology ; Geography ; Lizards/genetics/physiology ; *Mutation ; *Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Tick population trends and forest type (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ginsberg, H S -- Hyland, D E -- Hu, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):349-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9705710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Ixodes/*physiology ; New York ; Nymph/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Rhode Island ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Brazil wants cut of its biological bounty (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 6;279(5356):1445.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9508717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; Brazil ; *Ecosystem ; Ownership/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Energetics of amino acid synthesis in hydrothermal ecosystems (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: Thermodynamic calculations showed that the autotrophic synthesis of all 20 protein-forming amino acids was energetically favored in hot (100 degrees C), moderately reduced, submarine hydrothermal solutions relative to the synthesis in cold (18 degrees C), oxidized, surface seawater. The net synthesis reactions of 11 amino acids were exergonic in the hydrothermal solution, but all were endergonic in surface seawater. The synthesis of the requisite amino acids of nine thermophilic and hyperthermophilic proteins in a 100 degreesC hydrothermal solution yielded between 600 and 8000 kilojoules per mole of protein, which is energy that is available to drive the intracellular synthesis of enzymes and other biopolymers in hyperthermophiles thriving in these ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amend, J P -- Shock, E L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1659-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Group Exploring Organic Processes in Geochemistry (GEOPIG), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*biosynthesis ; Archaea/*metabolism ; Bacteria/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Hot Temperature ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Seawater/microbiology ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Bioprospecting in an African context (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Makhubu, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 2;282(5386):41-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Swaziland, Kwaluseni, Swaziland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9786792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Biotechnology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Drug Industry ; *Ecosystem ; Ethnobotany ; Genetic Engineering ; Intellectual Property ; Ownership ; Phytotherapy ; *Plants, Medicinal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Bioresources and "biopiracy" in Brazil (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silva, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 1;280(5364):657.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9599137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil ; *Ecosystem ; Legislation as Topic ; Ownership/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Research
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Populations as "species-in-waiting"? (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, K M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2031-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9669956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Genetics, Population ; Mathematics ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Chain reactions linking acorns to gypsy moth outbreaks and Lyme disease risk (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-07
    Description: In eastern U.S. oak forests, defoliation by gypsy moths and the risk of Lyme disease are determined by interactions among acorns, white-footed mice, moths, deer, and ticks. Experimental removal of mice, which eat moth pupae, demonstrated that moth outbreaks are caused by reductions in mouse density that occur when there are no acorns. Experimental acorn addition increased mouse density. Acorn addition also increased densities of black-legged ticks, evidently by attracting deer, which are key tick hosts. Mice are primarily responsible for infecting ticks with the Lyme disease agent. The results have important implications for predicting and managing forest health and human health.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, C G -- Ostfeld, R S -- Richard, M P -- Schauber, E M -- Wolff, J O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 13;279(5353):1023-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Ecosystem Studies (IES), Post Office Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA. clivegjones@compuserve.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9461433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/growth & development/microbiology/physiology ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group/physiology ; *Disease Reservoirs ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Humans ; Ixodes/growth & development/microbiology/*physiology ; Larva/microbiology/physiology ; Lyme Disease/*epidemiology/transmission ; Metamorphosis, Biological ; Moths/*physiology ; Peromyscus/microbiology/*parasitology/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Pupa/physiology ; Risk Factors ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Biotic transitions in global marine diversity (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-26
    Description: Long-term transitions in the composition of Earth's marine biota during the Phanerozoic have historically been explained in two different ways. One view is that they were mediated through biotic interactions among organisms played out over geologic time. The other is that mass extinctions transcended any such interactions and governed diversity over the long term by resetting the relative diversities of higher taxa. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that macroevolutionary processes effecting biotic transitions during background times were not fundamentally different from those operating during mass extinctions. Physical perturbations at many geographic scales combined to produce the long-term trajectory of Phanerozoic diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, A I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 21;281(5380):1157-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013, USA. arnold.miller@uc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9716540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Earth (Planet) ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Marine Biology/*classification/statistics & numerical data ; Paleontology/*classification/statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Of mice and moths--and Lyme disease? (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 13;279(5353):984-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9490486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/microbiology/physiology ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group/physiology ; Disease Reservoirs ; *Ecosystem ; Ixodes/microbiology/*physiology ; Lyme Disease/*epidemiology/transmission ; Moths/*physiology ; New York/epidemiology ; Peromyscus/parasitology/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Pupa/physiology ; Risk Factors ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Lyme disease and the passenger pigeon? (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blockstein, D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 20;279(5358):1831,1833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9537894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Columbidae ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Lyme Disease/*epidemiology ; Peromyscus ; Population Dynamics ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Life at the freezing point (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Psenner, R -- Sattler, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2073-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Zoology and Limnology, Innsbruck University, Austria. roland.psenner@uibk.ac.at〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9669962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Bacteria/*growth & development/metabolism ; Cyanobacteria/growth & development/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Exobiology ; Freezing ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; *Ice ; Jupiter ; Mars ; Origin of Life ; *Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Botanical gardens cope with bioprospecting loophole (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dove, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 28;281(5381):1273.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9735039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Products ; *Drug Industry ; *Ecosystem ; Guidelines as Topic ; International Cooperation ; Ownership ; *Plants ; Plants, Medicinal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Decoupled temporal patterns of evolution and ecology in two post-Paleozoic clades (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-07
    Description: Counts of taxonomic diversity are the prevailing standards for documenting large-scale patterns of evolution in the fossil record. However, the secular pattern of relative ecological importance between the bryozoan clades Cyclostomata and Cheilostomata is not reflected fully in compilations of generic diversity or within-fauna species richness, and the delayed ecological recovery of the Cheilostomata after the mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary is missed entirely. These observations demonstrate that evolutionary success and ecological dominance can be decoupled and profoundly different, even over tens of millions of years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKinney, F K -- Lidgard, S -- Sepkoski, J J Jr -- Taylor, P D -- DEB 9306729/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 7;281(5378):807-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608-2067, USA. mckinneyfk@appstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9694648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bryozoa/*classification/physiology ; Earth (Planet) ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Marine Biology ; *Paleontology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biodiversity in a vial of sugar water (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 17;278(5337):390.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9381141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Culture Media ; *Ecosystem ; Escherichia coli/*physiology ; Glucose/metabolism ; Pseudomonas fluorescens/*physiology ; *Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Perennial Antarctic lake ice: an oasis for life in a polar desert (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-26
    Description: The permanent ice covers of Antarctic lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys develop liquid water inclusions in response to solar heating of internal aeolian-derived sediments. The ice sediment particles serve as nutrient (inorganic and organic)-enriched microzones for the establishment of a physiologically and ecologically complex microbial consortium capable of contemporaneous photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and decomposition. The consortium is capable of physically and chemically establishing and modifying a relatively nutrient- and organic matter-enriched microbial "oasis" embedded in the lake ice cover.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Priscu, J C -- Fritsen, C H -- Adams, E E -- Giovannoni, S J -- Paerl, H W -- McKay, C P -- Doran, P T -- Gordon, D A -- Lanoil, B D -- Pinckney, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2095-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. 59717, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9641910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Bacteria/*growth & development/metabolism ; Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Cyanobacteria/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Exobiology ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; *Ice ; Jupiter ; Mars ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Photosynthesis ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Population diversity: its extent and extinction (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-24
    Description: Genetically distinct populations are an important component of biodiversity. This work estimates the number of populations per area of a sample of species from literature on population differentiation and the average range area of a species from a sample of distribution maps. This yields an estimate of about 220 populations per species, or 1.1 to 6.6 billion populations globally. Assuming that population extinction is a linear function of habitat loss, approximately 1800 populations per hour (16 million annually) are being destroyed in tropical forests alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, J B -- Daily, G C -- Ehrlich, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 24;278(5338):689-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9381179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Genetics, Population ; Mathematics ; Plants ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biospherian viewpoints (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dempster, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 28;275(5304):1247-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9064774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; Atmosphere ; *Ecological Systems, Closed ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 26
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    Extinction and the loss of evolutionary history (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-24
    Description: Extinction episodes, such as the anthropogenic one currently under way, result in a pruned tree of life. But what fraction of the underlying evolutionary history survives when k of n species in a taxon are lost? This is relevant both to how species loss has translated into a loss of evolutionary history and to assigning conservation priorities. Here it is shown that approximately 80 percent of the underlying tree of life can survive even when approximately 95 percent of species are lost, and that algorithms that maximize the amount of evolutionary history preserved are not much better than choosing the survivors at random. Given the political, economic, and social realities constraining conservation biology, these findings may be helpful.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nee, S -- May, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 24;278(5338):692-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK. sean.nee@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9381180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Mathematics ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 27
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    Biospherian viewpoints (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 28;275(5304):1248-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9064775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; *Ecological Systems, Closed ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 28
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    Biospherian viewpoints (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 28;275(5304):1249.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9064776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; *Ecological Systems, Closed ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 29
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    Microbiologists explore life's rich, hidden kingdoms (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 21;275(5307):1740-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9122677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/*physiology ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Microbiology ; Genes, Bacterial ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; rRNA Operon
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-25
    Description: Expansion and intensification of cultivation are among the predominant global changes of this century. Intensification of agriculture by use of high-yielding crop varieties, fertilization,irrigation, and pesticides has contributed substantially to the tremendous increases in food production over the past 50 years. Land conversion and intensification,however, also alter the biotic interactions and patterns of resource availability in ecosystems and can have serious local, regional, and global environmental consequences.The use of ecologically based management strategies can increase the sustainability of agricultural production while reducing off-site consequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matson, P A -- Parton, W J -- Power, A G -- Swift, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 25;277(5325):504-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecosystem Sciences Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20662149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/methods/trends ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Common themes amid diversity (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normark, S -- Wolf-Watz, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 2;276(5313):659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9157538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Bacteria/genetics ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Microbiology ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A molecular view of microbial diversity and the biosphere (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-02
    Description: Over three decades of molecular-phylogenetic studies, researchers have compiled an increasingly robust map of evolutionary diversification showing that the main diversity of life is microbial, distributed among three primary relatedness groups or domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. The general properties of representatives of the three domains indicate that the earliest life was based on inorganic nutrition and that photosynthesis and use of organic compounds for carbon and energy metabolism came comparatively later. The application of molecular-phylogenetic methods to study natural microbial ecosystems without the traditional requirement for cultivation has resulted in the discovery of many unexpected evolutionary lineages; members of some of these lineages are only distantly related to known organisms but are sufficiently abundant that they are likely to have impact on the chemistry of the biosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pace, N R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 2;276(5313):734-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA. nrpace@nature.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9115194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Bacteria/classification/genetics ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; *Environmental Microbiology ; Genome, Bacterial ; *Phylogeny ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; rRNA Operon
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 33
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    Biosphere 2 and biodiversity: the lessons so far (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J E -- Tilman, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 15;274(5290):1150-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rockefeller University, New York 10021-6399, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8966587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; Atmosphere ; *Ecological Systems, Closed ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Plant Development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The Endangered Species Act (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Torrence, P F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1803-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal ; *Research ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Effects of competition, colonization, and extinction on rodent species diversity (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-10
    Description: Analyses of long-term experimental data from the Chihuahuan desert revealed that species diversity of other rodents was higher on plots from which kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.) had been removed. The difference was due to consistently higher colonization and lower extinction probabilities of small granivorous rodents in the absence of competitively dominant kangaroo rats. The results of this ecosystem experiment demonstrate the importance of both competitive exclusion and metapopulation dynamics for biological diversity in a natural community.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valone, T J -- Brown, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):880-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7846530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; Competitive Behavior ; Desert Climate ; Dipodomys/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Population Dynamics ; Probability ; Rodentia/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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