ALBERT

Anmerkung: Contents: Preface. - Acknowledgements. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Origin and characters of silicon and its isotopes. - 1.2 A brief description of silicon geochemistry. - 1.3 The history of silicon isotope studies. - 2 Analytical methods of silicon isotope composition. - 2.1 Gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis of silicon isotopes. - 2.2 Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (MC-ICPMS) analysis of silicon isotopes. - 2.3 Secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses. - 2.4 Standards and reference materials for silicon isotope measurement. - 2.5 Comparison of different methods on silicon isotope analyses. - 3 Mechanisms of silicon isotope fractionation. - 3.1 The thermodynamic silicon isotope exchange fractionation. - 3.2 Kinetic fractionation of silicon isotopes. - 4 Distribution of silicon isotopes in nature. - 4.1 Silicon isotope compositions of extraterrestrial materials. - 4.2 Silicon isotope distribution in lithosphere. - 4.3 Silicon isotope compositions of soils. - 4.4 Hydrosphere. - 4.5 Biosphere. - 5 Several aspects of silicon isotope applications. - 5.1 Studies on global silicon cycle. - 5.2 Silicon isotope studies on environmental variation of ocean. - 5.3 Studies on mechanisms of absorption, transportation and precipitation of silicon in plant growth processes. - 5.4 Studies on silicon source and genesis of ore deposits. - References. - Index.

Anmerkung: New perspectives on pterosaur palaeobiology , Pterosaurs in Mesozoic food webs: a review of fossil evidence , Using three-dimensional, digital models of pterosaur skulls for the investigation of their relative bite forces and feeding styles , Pelvic musculature of Vectidraco daisymorrisae and consequences for pterosaur locomotion , Inferring the properties of the pterosaur wing membrane , Waves of bone deposition on the rostrum of the pterosaur Pteranodon , Neonate morphology and development in pterosaurs: evidence from a Ctenochasmatid embryo from the Early Cretaceous of Argentina , Short note on a new anurognathid pterosaur with evidence of perching behaviour from Jianchang of Liaoning Province, China , Pterosaur material from the uppermost Jurassic of the uppermost Morrison Formation, Breakfast Bench Facies, Como Bluff, Wyoming, including a pterosaur with pneumatized femora , The taxonomy and phylogeny of Diopecephalus kochi (Wagner, 1837) and ‘Germanodactylus rhamphastinus’ (Wagner, 1851) , A taxonomic revision of Noripterus complicidens and Asian members of the Dsungaripteridae , Topotype specimens probably attributable to the giant azhdarchid pterosaur Arambourgiania philadelphiae (Arambourg 1959) , The pterosaur assemblage of the Oxford Clay Formation (Jurassic, Callovian–Oxfordian) from the UK , Systematic reassessment of the first Jurassic pterosaur from Thailand , A large pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone of Utah , Cervical vertebrae of an enigmatic pterosaur from the Crato Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Araripe Basin, NE Brazil) , A wing metacarpal from Italy and its implications for latest Cretaceous pterosaur diversity , A new pterosaur specimen from the Upper Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation (Cretaceous, Valanginian) of southern England and a review of Lonchodectes sagittirostris (Owen 1874) , Online version

Anmerkung: Zugl.: Dissertation, Technische Universität Berlin, 2017

Anmerkung: Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- Part One - C’mon! Don’t tell me the current trends are sustainable! -- 1.1 Introduction: The World in Disarray -- 1.2 Limits to Growth - how relevant was its message?- 1.3 Planetary Boundaries -- 1.4 The Anthropocene -- 1.5 The Climate Challenge -- 1.6 Other disasters ahead -- 1.7 Unsustainable population growth - and urbanization -- 1.8 Unsustainable agriculture and food system -- 1.9 Trade versus environment -- 1.10 The 2030 Agenda - the devil is in implementation -- 1.11 Do we like disruptions? The case of the digital revolution -- 1.12 From Empty World to Full World -- Part Two - C’mon! Don’t stick to outdated philosophies! -- 2.1 Laudato Sí: The Pope raises His voice -- 2.2 Change the Story, Change the Future -- 2.3 1991: „The First Global Revolution“ -- 2.4 Capitalism got arrogant -- 2.5 The failure of the market doctrine -- 2.6 Philosophical errors of the market doctrine -- 2.7 Reductionist philosophy is shallow and inadequate -- 2.8 Gaps between Theory, Education and Social Reality -- 2.9 Tolerance and long-term perspectives -- 2.10 We may need a New Enlightenment -- Part Three Come On! Join us on an exciting journey towards a sustainable world! .- 3.1 A regenerative economy -- 3.2 Development Alternatives -- 3.3 The Blue Economy -- 3.4 Decentralized energy -- 3.5 Some agricultural success stories -- 3.6 Regenerative urbanization: Ecopolis -- 3.7 Climate: Some good news, but bigger challenges -- 3.8 Circular economy requires a new economic logic -- 3.9 Five-fold resource productivity -- 3.10 Healthy disruption -- 3.11 Reform of the financial sector -- 3.12 Reform of the economic set-up -- 3.13 Benign investment -- 3.14 Measuring well-being rather than GDP -- 3.15 Civil Society, Social Capital and Collective Leadership -- 3.16 Global Governance -- 3.17 National level action: China and Bhutan -- 3.18 Education for a sustainable civilization -- Conclusion: We invite readers to ‘come on’

Anmerkung: Contents: Part I: Understanding the resource nexus: Setting scenes ; 1 The Resource Nexus: Preface and Introduction ; 2 Appreciating wider environmental angles; 3 Scales and the resource nexus ; 4 Security, climate change and the resource nexus ; Part II: Analysing the resource nexus: Tools and metrics 5 Life Cycle Assessment for resource nexus analysis ; 6 Linking society and nature: material flows and the resource nexus ; 7 Resource footprints ; 8 Input-Output analysis and resource nexus assessment ; 9 Material criticality assessment and resource nexus analysis ; 10 Industrial Ecology Methods and the Resource Nexus ; Part III: Resource nexus modelling: Practices and future transformations ; 11 Integrating environmental and social impacts with Ecosystem services analysis ; 12 Modelling practices from local to global ; 13 Global change and K-waves: exploring nexus patterns ; 14 Foresight and scenarios: modelling practices and resource nexus assessment ; 15 Extending macro-economic modelling into the resource nexus ; 16 The five-node resource nexus dynamics: an integrated modelling approach ; Part IV: International political economy and the resource nexus ; 17 The resource nexus in an uncertain world: a non-equilibrium perspective ; 18 Mining and the resource nexus ; 19 Scarcities, supply and new resource curses? ; 20 The international commodity trade: Stylized facts ; 21 Rare Earth Elements and a resource nexus perspective ; 22 Governing land in the Global South ; Part V: Applying the resource nexus: Regional and Global Scale ; 23 Elements of the Water-Energy-Food nexus in China ; 24 The Energy-Materials nexus: the case of metals ; 25 Unconventional oil and gas production meets the resource nexus ; 26 Feeding Africa: Nexus-related opportunities, challenges and policy options ; 27 The five node resource nexus at sea ; Part VI: Governing the resource nexus: Emerging responses ; 28 Urban metabolism and new urban governance ; 29 Eco-innovation and resource nexus challenges: Ambitions and evidence ; 30 Green Chemistry: Opportunities, waste and food supply chains ; 31 California Innovations @ WEN ; 32 The UN, Global Governance and the SDGs

Anmerkung: In kyrill. Schr., russ.

Anmerkung: This volume draws together the final outputs of the five-year UNESCO/IUGS/IGCP Project 571 and presents new data on radon in the built and natural environments, radon as a diagnostic tool of geophysical phenomena, reflections and recommendations on the future of radon research and a critique of radon's asserted use as a therapy. By considering all the aspects of radon as a health hazard and potential indicator of natural hazards, the project brought together the dispersed research (from universities, governmental and non-governmental bodies as well as commercial companies) on radon within an interdisciplinary context to facilitate scientific advancement and understanding. Through the establishment of working groups at regional and local levels and the development of research networks, a variety of international meetings were organized and a number of journal special issues published to disseminate the results. The scale of the project was global: scientists from over 20 European countries, plus countries in the Americas, Asia and the Middle East have been participants of the project. | Contents: Radon, Health and Natural Hazards: a signpost for assessment and protection in the 21st century / G. K. Gillmore, F. E. Perrier and R. G. M. Crockett / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 1-5, 31 January 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.11 --- Radon as a carcinogenic built-environmental pollutant / Gavin K. Gillmore, Robin G. M. Crockett and Paul S. Phillips / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 7-34, 6 January 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.5 --- Significant annual and sub-annual cycles in indoor radon concentrations: seasonal variation and correction / Robin G. M. Crockett, Christopher J. Groves-Kirkby, Antony R. Denman and Paul S. Phillips / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 35-47, 1 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.2 --- Radon as an anthropogenic indoor air pollutant as exemplified by radium-dial watches and other uranium- and radium-containing artefacts / Robin G. M. Crockett and Gavin K. Gillmore / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 49-61, 9 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.4 --- Radon dynamics in a dwelling with high radon levels in a karst area / J. Vaupotič, A. Brodar, A. Gregorič and I. Kobal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 63-82, 11 January 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.9 --- Radionuclides in groundwater, rocks and stream sediments in Austria – results from a recent survey / Gerhard Schubert, Rudolf Berka, Christian Katzlberger, Klaus Motschka, Monika Denner, Johannes Grath and Rudolf Philippitsch / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 83-112, 23 May 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.10 --- Effective radium-226 concentration in rocks, soils, plants and bones / Frédéric Perrier, Frédéric Girault and Hélène Bouquerel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 113-129, 21 November 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.8 --- Radon-222 and radium-226 occurrence in water: a review / Frédéric Girault, Frédéric Perrier and Tadeusz A. Przylibski / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 131-154, 2 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.3 --- Radon and carbon dioxide around remote Himalayan thermal springs / Frédéric Girault, Bharat Prasad Koirala, Mukunda Bhattarai and Frédéric Perrier / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 155-181, 2 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.6 --- Radon surveys and monitoring at active volcanoes: learning from Vesuvius, Stromboli, La Soufrière and Villarrica / C. Cigolini, M. Laiolo, D. Coppola, C. Trovato and G. Borgogno / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 183-208, 1 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.1 --- Radon: a radioactive therapeutic element / Tadeusz Andrzej Przylibski / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 209-236, 2 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.7

Anmerkung: Contents: Introduction ; 01 A framework for understanding risk ; 02 Engineering supply chain resilience ; 03 Industry sector resilience to supply chain threats ; 04 Natural disasters and pandemics ; 05 Climate change and emissions policy ; 06 Economic risks to the supply chain ; 07 Societal risks to supply chains ; 08 Corruption in the logistics industry ; 09 Cargo crime and piracy ; 10 Political risks in supply chains ; 11 Illicit supply chains ; 12 Terrorism and security ; Conclusion

Anmerkung: Contents: Part I: Supply Chain Risk Management -- Chapter 1: Supply Chain Risk Management: A Comprehensive Review -- Chapter 1: Supply Chain Risk Management: A Comprehensive Review -- Chapter 3: Modeling Risk Emergence and Propagation in Buyer-Supplier-Customer Relationships -- Chapter 4: Managing Reputational Risks in Supply Chains -- Chapter 5: Managing IT and Cyber Risks in Supply Chains -- Chapter 6: Developing Supply Chain Risk Mitigation Strategies -- Part II: Supply Chain Vulnerability and Disruptions Management -- Chapter7: Analyzing Supply Chain Vulnerability through Simulation -- Chapter 8: Supply Chain Disruptions Preparedness Measures Using a Dynamic Model -- Chapter 9: A Quantitative Model for Analyzing Market Response during Supply Chain Disruptions -- Chapter 10: Supply Chain Risk Management in the Transmission and Amplification of Disruptions -- Chapter 11: Strategic Sourcing Under Supply Disruption Risk -- Chapter 12: Design and Evaluation of Global Supply Chain Considering Disruption Risk -- Part III: Toward a Resilient Supply Chain -- Chapter 13: Supply Chain Resiliency: A Review -- Chapter 14: The Role of Resiliency in Managing Supply Chains Disruptions -- Chapter 15: Designing Resilience into Service Supply Chains: A Conceptual Methodology -- Chapter 16: Resiliency in Supply Chain Systems: A Triadic Framework using Family Resilience Model -- Chapter 17: Cultivating Supply Chain Agility: Managerial Actions Derived From Established Antecedents -- Chapter 18: Assessing Supply Chain Resilience upon Critical Infrastructure Disruptions: A Multilevel Simulation Modelling Approach

Anmerkung: CONTENTS: PREFACE. - 1 IASC Internal Development. - IASC Organization. - IASC Council. - IASC Executive Committee. - IASC Secretariat. - ISIRA. - IASC Medal 2018. - 2 IASC Working Groups. - Cross-Cutting Activities. - Atmosphere Working Group (AWG). - Cryosphere Working Group (CWG). - Marine Working Group (MWG). - Social and Human Working Group (SHWG). - Terrestrial Working Group (TWG). - 3 Arctic Science Summit Week 2017. - Upcoming ASSWs. - 4 Data and Observations. - Arctic Data Committee (ADC). - Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON). - 5 Partnerships. - Arctic Council. - Asian Forum for Polar Sciences (AFoPS). - Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS). - Circumpolar Health Research Network (CirchNet). - European Polar Board (EPB). - Forum of Arctic Research Operators (FARO). - International Arctic Social Sciences Association (IASSA). - International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS). - International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). - The International Permafrost Association (IPA). - The Pacific Arctic Group (PAG). - The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). - University of the Arctic (UArctic). - WCRP Climate and Cryosphere (CliC). - 6 Capacity Building. - IASC Fellowship Program. - CAFF-IASC Fellowship. - Fellows’ Voices. - Overview of Supported Early Career Scientists.

Anmerkung: Contents: Foreword -- Preface: It All Depends -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Karibuni!: Welcome to You All -- 2 The World of Tea: A Geriatric Problem -- 3 A Changing Climate: Stay Cool! -- 4 Taxonomic Delight: Only Plant the Best! -- 5 The Well-Bred Tea Bush: Developing High-Yielding Clones -- 6 Planting and Replanting: Who Ever Said This Was Simple? -- 7 Understanding the Growth Processes: Creating a Framework -- 8 Roots Exposed: Life Underground -- 9 We Are Only Growing Leaves: Source or Sink? -- 10 Plucks Shoots, and Leaves: Looking After the Children -- 11 Machine-Assisted Harvesting: The Need of the Hour -- Plates -- 12 Hidden Hunger and Intelligent Guesswork: We Can Only Build on What Has Gone Before -- 13 Pores for Thought: Gaseous Exchange -- 14 More Pores for Thought: The Answer Lies in the Soil -- 15 Water Productivity: More Crop per Drop -- 16 A Shady Business: Teas Need Trees -- 17 A Nice Cup of Tea: Is It Made in the Field or in the Factory? -- 18 Fair Trade?: Smallholders Are Beautiful -- 19 The Agronomist's Report: A Synthesis -- 20 Support Services: How Sustainable Is Sustainability? -- Glossary

Anmerkung: Presents main results over 20 years of research in an underground rock laboratory in claystone, Well-illustrated examples of the different stages of repository evolution, The reader gets an excellent overview and never loses the common thread of the rather complex thematic, Contains invaluable data and information relevant to fundamental problems

Anmerkung: Contents: Preface to Fourth Edition. - Preface to Third Edition. - Preface to Second Edition. - Preface to First Edition. - Acknowledgments. - PART I THE PERIGLACIAL DOMAIN. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 The Periglacial Concept. - 1.2 Diagnostic Criteria. - 1.3 Periglacial Environments. - 1.4 The Periglacial Domain. - 1.5 The Periglacial Domain and the Cryosphere. - 1.6 Disciplinary Considerations. - 1.6.1 The Growth of Geocryology. - 1.6.2 The Challenge of Quaternary Science. - 1.6.3 Periglacial Geomorphology or Cold-Region Geomorphology?. - 1.7 Societal Considerations. - 1.8 The Growth of Periglacial Knowledge. - 2 Periglacial Climates. - 2.1 Boundary Conditions. - 2.2 Cold Deserts. - 2.3 Regional Climates. - 2.3.1 High Arctic Climates. - 2.3.2 Continental Climates. - 2.3.3 Alpine Climates. - 2.3.4 Montane Climates. - 2.3.5 Climates of Low Annual Temperature Range. - 2.3.6 Antarctica: A Special Case. - 2.4 Snow and Ice. - 2.5 Wind. - 2.6 Ground Climates. - 2.6.1 The 'n'-Factor. - 2.6.2 The Thermal Offset. - 2.6.3 The Ground Temperature Regime. - 2.7 Periglacial Climates and Global Climate Change. - 2.7.1 Basic Facts. - 2.7.2 Why Climate-Cryosphere Interactions Accelerate Climate Warming. - 3 Periglacial Ecosystems. - 3.1 General Statement. - 3.2 Biogeographic Zonation and Major Vegetation Types. - 3.3 Adaptations to Cold, Snow, Wind and Aridity. - 3.4 The Effect of Vegetation. - 3.5 The Polar Deserts. - 3.5.1 The High Arctic Polar Deserts. - 3.5.2 The High Arctic Polar Semi-Deserts. - 3.6 The Polar Desert-Tundra Transition. - 3.7 The Low-Arctic Tundra. - 3.8 The Forest-Tundra Bioclimatic Boundary (The Tree Line). - 3.9 The Boreal Forest. - 3.10 The Alpine and Montane Ecosystems. - 3.11 Antarctica - A Special Case. - 3.12 Periglacial Ecosystems and Climate Change. - PART II FROZEN GROUND AND PERMAFROST. - 4 Ground Freezing, Permafrost and the Active Layer. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Ground Freezing. - 4.2.1 Basic Concepts. - 4.2.2 Ice Segregation. - 4.2.3 "The Frozen Fringe'. - 4.2.4 Frost Heave. - 4.3 Perennially-Frozen Ground (Permafrost). - 4.4 Moisture and Ice Within Permafrost. - 4.5 Thermal and Physical Properties. - 4.5.1 The Geothermal Regime. - 4.5.2 The TTOP Model. - 4.5.3 Physical Properties. - 4.5.4 Thermal Properties. - 4.6 Permafrost Hydrology. - 4.6.1 Aquifers. - 4.6.2 Hydrochemistry. - 4.6.3 Groundwater Icings. - 4.7 The Active Layer. - 4.7.1 Terminology. - 4.7.2 The Active-Layer Thermal Regime. - 4.7.3 The Transient Layer. - 4.7.4 The Stefan Equation. - 5 Permafrost Distribution and Stability. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Controls over Permafrost Distribution. - 5.2.1 Relief and Aspect. - 5.2.2 Rock Type. - 5.2.3 Vegetation. - 5.2.4 Snow Cover. - 5.2.5 Fire. - 5.2.6 Lakes and Surface Water Bodies. - 5.3 Spatial Extent of Permafrost and Frozen Ground. - 5.3.1 Latitudinal Permafrost. - 5.3.2 Alpine (Mountain) Permafrost. - 5.3.3 Montane Permafrost. - 5.3.4 Seasonally-Frozen Ground. - 5.4 Sub-Sea and Relict Permafrost. - 5.4.1 Sub-Sea Permafrost. - 5.4.2 Relict (Terrestrial) Permafrost. - 5.5 Permafrost and Ecosystems. - 5.6 Permafrost Monitoring and Mapping. - 5.6.1 CALM and GTN-P (TSP). - 5.6.2 BTS and Mountain Permafrost Probability Mapping. - 5.7 Climate Warming and Permafrost. - 5.7.1 Evidence for Warming Permafrost. - 5.7.2 Evidence for Thawing Permafrost. - 6 Ground Ice and Cryostratigraphy. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Quantitative Parameters. - 6.3 Epigenetic, Syngenetic and Polygenetic Permafrost. - 6.4 Classification. - 6.4.1 The Russian Approach. - 6.4.2 The North American Approach. - 6.5 Main Ground Ice Types. - 6.5.1 Pore Ice. - 6.5.2 Segregated Ice. - 6.5.3 Intrusive Ice. - 6.5.4 Vein Ice. - 6.5.5 Other Types of Ice. - 6.6 Ice Distribution. - 6.6.1 Amounts. - 6.6.2 Distribution with Depth. - 6.6.3 Ice in Bedrock. - 6.6.4 Ice in Poorly-Lithified Sediments. - 6.7 Cryostratigraphy and Cryolithology. - 6.7.1 Cryostructural Analysis. - 6.7.2 Cryostructures of Epigenetic and Syngenetic Permafrost. - 6.7.3 Thaw Unconformities. - 6.7.4 Aggradational Ice. - 6.7.5 Icy Bodies and Ice, Sand and Soil Pseudomorphs. - 6.8 Ice Crystallography. - 6.9 Ice Geochemistry. - 6.10 Massive Ice and Massive-Icy Bodies. - 6.10.1 Nature and Extent. - 6.10.2 Intra-Sedimental Ice. - 6.10.3 Buried Glacier Ice. - 6.11 Cryostratigraphy and Past Environments. - 7 Aggradational Permafrost Landforms. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 How Does Permafrost Aggrade?. - 7.2.1 The Illisarvik Drained-Lake Experiment. - 7.3 Thermal-Contraction-Crack Polygons. - 7.3.1 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion and Contraction. - 7.3.2 Ice, Sand and Soil ('Ground') Wedges. - 7.3.3 Development of the Polygon Net. - 7.3.4 Polygon Morphology. - 7.3.5 Controls over Cracking. - 7.3.6 Climatic Significance. - 7.4 Ice and Sand Wedges. - 7.4.1 Epigenetic Wedges. - 7.4.2 Syngenetic Wedges. - 7.4.3 Anti-Syngenetic Wedges. - 7.4.4 Growth and Deformation of Wedges. - 7.5 Organic Terrain. - 7.5.1 Palsas. - 7.5.2 Peat Plateaus. - 7.6 Frost Mounds. - 7.6.1 Perennial-Frost Mounds. - 7.6.2 Hydraulic (Open) System Pingos. - 7.6.3 Hydrostatic (Closed) System Pingos. - 7.6.4 Other Perennial-Frost Mounds. - 7.6.5 Seasonal-Frost Mounds. - 7.6.6 Hydrolaccoliths and Other Frost-Induced Mounds. - 8 Thermokarst Processes and Landforms. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Thawing Ground. - 8.2.1 Thaw Strain and Thaw Settlement. - 8.2.2 Potential Depths of Soil Freezing and Thawing. - 8.2.3 The Development of Thermokarst. - 8.3 Causes of Thermokarst. - 8.3.1 General Comments. - 8.3.2 Specific Causes. - 8.4 Thaw-Related Processes. - 8.4.1 Thermokarst Subsidence (Thaw Settlement). - 8.4.2 Thermal Erosion. - 8.4.3 Other Processes. - 8.5 Thermokarst Sediments and Structures. - 8.5.1 Involuted Structures. - 8.5.2 Retrogressive-Thaw-Slumps and Debris-Flow Deposits. - 8.5.3 Ice-Wedge Pseudomorphs and Composite-Wedge Casts. - 8.5.4 Ice, Silt, Sand and Gravel Pseudomorphs. - 8.6 Thermokarst Landscapes. - 8.6.1 The Alas-Thermokarst Relief of Central Yakutia. - 8.6.2 The Western North American Arctic. - 8.6.3 The Ice-Free Areas of Continental Antarctica. - 8.7 Ice-Wedge Thermokarst Relief. - 8.7.1 Low-Centred Polygons. - 8.7.2 High-Centred Polygons. - 8.7.3 Badland Thermokarst Relief. - 8.8 Thaw Lakes and Depressions. - 8.8.1 Lakes and Taliks. - 8.8.2 Morphology. - 8.8.3 Growth and Drainage. - 8.8.4 Oriented Thaw Lakes. - Part III Periglacial Geomorphology. - 9 Cold-Climate Weathering. - 9.1 Introduction. - 9.2 General Weathering Facts. - 9.3 Freezing and Thawing Indices. - 9.4 Rock (Frost?) Shattering. - 9.4.1 Frost Action and Ice Segregation. - 9.4.2 Insolation and Thermal Shock. - 9.4.3 Perspective. - 9.5 Chemical Weathering. - 9.5.1 Karkevagge. - 9.5.2 Solution and Karstification. - 9.5.3 Salt Weathering. - 9.6 Cryogenic Weathering. - 9.6.1 Cryogenic Disintegration. - 9.6.2 The Coefficient of Cryogenic Contrast. - 9.6.3 Physico-Chemical Changes. - 9.6.4 Problematic Phenomena. - 9.7 Cryobiological Weathering. - 9.8 Rates of Cold-Climate Bedrock Weathering. - 9.9 Cryosols and Cryopedology. - 9.9.1 Cryosols. - 9.9.2 Classification. - 9.9.3 Cryosolic Micromorphology. - 10 Mass-Wasting Processes and Active-Layer Phenomena. - 10.1 Introduction. - 10.2 Slow Mass-Wasting Processes. - 10.2.1 Solifluction. - 10.2.2 Frost Creep. - 10.2.3 Gelifluction. - 10.2.4 Solifluction Deposits and Phenomena. - 10.3 Rapid Mass-Wasting Processes. - 10.3.1 Active-Layer-Detachment Slides. - 10.3.2 Debris Flows, Slush Flows and Avalanches. - 10.3.3 Rockfall. - 10.4 Snow Hydrology and Slopewash Processes. - 10.4.1 Snow Hydrology and Snowbanks. - 10.4.2 Surface and Subsurface Wash. - 10.5 Active-Layer Phenomena. - 10.5.1 Frost Heaving. - 10.5.2 Bedrock Heave. - 10.5.3 Upward Heaving of Stones and Objects. - 10.5.4 Stone Tilting. - 10.5.5 Ne

Anmerkung: Hydrocarbon systems, by nature, are a complex interplay of elements that must be spatially and temporally aligned to result in the generation and preservation of subsurface hydrocarbon accumulations. To meet the increasing challenges of discovering hydrocarbon resources, it is essential that we advance our understanding of these systems through new geochemical approaches and analytical developments. Such development requires that academic- and industry-led research efforts converge in ways that are unique to the geosciences. The aim of this volume is to bring together a multidisciplinary geochemical community from industry and academia working in hydrocarbon systems to publish recent advances and state-of-the-art approaches to resolve the many remaining questions in hydrocarbon systems analysis. From Source to Seep presents geochemical and isotopic studies that are grouped into three themes: (1) source-rock identification and the temperature/timing of hydrocarbon generation; (2) mechanisms and time-scales associated with hydrocarbon migration, trapping, storage and alteration; and (3) the impact of fluid flow on reservoir properties. | Contents: Geochemical applications in petroleum systems analysis: new constraints and the power of integration / M. Lawson, M. J. Formolo, L. Summa and J. M. Eiler / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 468, 1-21, 19 February 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP468.6 --- Source-rock identification and the temperature/timing of hydrocarbon generation --- The utility of methane clumped isotopes to constrain the origins of methane in natural gas accumulations / Daniel A. Stolper, Michael Lawson, Michael J. Formolo, Cara L. Davis, Peter M. J. Douglas and John M. Eiler / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 468, 23-52, 14 December 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP468.3 --- The isotopic structures of geological organic compounds / John M. Eiler, Matthieu Clog, Michael Lawson, Max Lloyd, Alison Piasecki, Camilo Ponton and Hao Xie / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 468, 53-81, 14 December 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP468.4 --- Vanadium isotope composition of crude oil: effects of source, maturation and biodegradation / Yongjun Gao, John F. Casey, Luis M. Bernardo, Weihang Yang and K. K. (Adry) Bissada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 468, 83-103, 14 December 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP468.2 --- Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of n-alkanes as a tool in petroleum exploration / Nikolai Pedentchouk and Courtney Turich / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 468, 105-125, 14 December 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP468.1 --- Mechanisms and time-scales associated with hydrocarbon migration, trapping, storage and alteration --- Noble gases in conventional and unconventional petroleum systems / David J. Byrne, P. H. Barry, M. Lawson and C. J. Ballentine / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 468, 127-149, 14 December 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP468.5 --- Differentiating between biogenic and thermogenic sources of natural gas in coalbed methane reservoirs from the Illinois Basin using noble gas and hydrocarbon geochemistry / Myles T. Moore, David S. Vinson, Colin J. Whyte, William K. Eymold, Talor B. Walsh and Thomas H. Darrah / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 468, 151-188, 18 January 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP468.8 --- The impact of fluid flow on reservoir properties --- Testing clumped isotopes as a reservoir characterization tool: a comparison with fluid inclusions in a dolomitized sedimentary carbonate reservoir buried to 2–4 km / John M. MacDonald, Cédric M. John and Jean-Pierre Girard / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 468, 189-202, 14 December 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP468.7

Anmerkung: Contents: Introduction ; 1. Collective Aspirations ; 2. Choice and Measure of Values ; 3. Do We Do Enough for the Future? ; 4. Is The World Too Risky? ; Conclusion ; Technical Appendix

Anmerkung: Contents Part I Challenges 1 Factor X – 25 Years – “Factor X Concept” Is Essential for Achieving Sustainable Development / Harry Lehmann, Friedrich Schmidt-Bleek, and Christopher Manstein 2 Necessities for a Resource Efficient Europe / Leida Rijnhout, Magda Stoczkiewicz, and Meadhbh Bolger 3 Global Megatrends and Resource Use – A Systemic Reflection / Ullrich Lorenz, Harald Ulrik Sverdrup, and Kristin Vala Ragnarsdottir 4 Data, Indicators and Targets for Comprehensive Resource Policies / Stephan Lutter, Stefan Giljum, and Martin Bruckner 5 The Critical Raw Materials Concept: Subjective, Multifactorial and Ever-Developing / Jan Kosmol, Felix Müller, and Hermann Keßler 6 Equitable, Just Access to Natural Resources: Environmental Narratives during Worsening Climate Crises / Patrick Bond Part II Implementation Strategies 7 Circular Economy: Origins and Future Orientations / Riina Antikainen, David Lazarevic, and Jyri Seppälä 8 Financial System, and Energy and Resource Husbandry / R. Andreas Kraemer 9 Developing Resource Competence – Anchoring Resource Conservation and Efficiency in the German Education System / Carolin Baedeker, Holger Rohn, Michael Scharp, and Jaya Bowry 10 The Way from Problem Scope Towards the Vision of a Low Resource Society – The First Working Period of the Resources Commission at the German Environment Agency (KRU) / Sascha Hermann and Christa Liedtke 11 Implementing Resource Efficiency in Europe – Overview of Policies, Instruments and Targets in 32 European Countries / Paweł Kaźmierczyk 12 The Resource Nexus and Resource Efficiency: What a Nexus Perspective Adds to the Story / Raimund Bleischwitz and Michal Miedzinski 13 Germany’s Resource Efficiency Agenda: Driving Momentum on the National Level and Beyond / Reinhard Kaiser 14 Results of Three Cost-Effective, Innovative and Transferable Resource-Efficiency Instruments for Industries in the Basque Country / Ander Elgorriaga Kunze and Ignacio Quintana San Miguel 15 The Circular Economy Package of the European Union / Joachim Wuttke 16 Saving Natural Resources Through Conversion and Constructional Densification in Urban Areas: Ecological Potentials and Limits / Daniel Reißmann and Matthias Buchert 17 The Path to Degrowth for a Sustainable Society / Serge Latouche Part III Examples of Good Practice 18 Social Innovation Repair – The R.U.S.Z Case: A Systemic Approach Contributing to the Unplanned Obsolescence of Capitalism / Sepp Eisenriegler and Greta Sparer 19 Resource Efficiency in the Building Sector / Klaus Dosch 20 Eco Efficiency and Circular Production: Cases from the Netherlands’ Eastern Region / Frank A.G. den Butter and Harry A.A.M. Webers 21 An Approach to Identify Resource Patterns on a Neighborhood Level / Magnus Österbring, Leonardo Rosado, Holger Wallbaum, and Paul Gontia 22 Strategic Business Examples from Finland: The Growth of the Smartup Industry / Tuuli Kaskinen, Satu Lähteenoja, Mikael Sokero, and Iiris Suomela 23 Circular Flanders: Adaptive Policy for a Circular Economy / Sam Deckmyn 24 The 100 Companies Project Resource Efficient Practice Cases from Producing Industry / Mario Schmidt 25 Lifestyle Material Footprint of Finnish Households – Insights, Targets, Transitions / Michael Lettenmeier 26 Construction 4.0: The LifeCycle Tower and Digitalised Timber Construction / Hubert Rhomberg 27 Protect Resources, Strengthen the Economy: Good Examples for Resource Efficiency in Industry and Handicraft Businesses / Peter Jahns 28 Chemical Leasing: A Business Model to Drive Resource Efficiency in the Supply Chain / Reinhard Joas, Veronika Abraham, and Anke Joas 29 Resource Efficiency for the Manufacturing Industries – A Holistic Approach / Werner Maass, Christof Oberender, and Martin Vogt 30 Towards a Resource Efficient and Greenhouse Gas Neutral Germany 2050 / Jens Günther, Harry Lehmann, Ullrich Lorenz, David Pfeiffer, and Katja Purr 31 Pope Francis’ Encyclical Laudato Si’ as a Catalyst for Societal Transformation? Critical Remarks and Presentation of an Inspired Exemplary Project as a Driver for Sustainability / Ulrich Bartosch, Christian Meier, and Till Weyers Index

Anmerkung: Contents: List of figures and tables. - List of boxes. - Acknowledgements. - List of abbreviations. - PART I INTRODUCTION . - 1. The Geopolitics of an Arctic Meltdown and the Question of EUropean Arctic Space. - PART II GEOPOLITICS. - 2. The Thought Experiment Referred to as Geopolitics. - PART III THE ARCTIC. - 3. Arctic Geopolitics and the Regional Zeitgeist of the Twenty-First Century. - PART IV THE EUROPEAN UNION. - 4. EUropean Dimensions of Arctic Presence. - 5. An Action in the Making: The EU’s Arctic Policy-Making Process. - 6. The EU’s Arctic Space-Making Practices. - PART V CONCLUSION. - 7. A European Geopolitical Subject in the Arctic?. - REFERENCES. - APPENDIX I. - APPENDIX II. - INDEX.

Anmerkung: Contents: 1. Introduction ; Part I. Background and Fundamentals: 2. Regional climate ; 3. History of downscaling ; 4. Rationale of downscaling ; 5. User needs ; 6. Mathematical and statistical methods ; 7. Reference observations ; 8. Climate modelling ; 9. Uncertainties ; Part II. Statistical Downscaling Concepts and Methods: 10. Structure of statistical downscaling methods ; 11. Perfect prognosis ; 12. Model output statistics ; 13. Weather generators ; 14. Other approaches ; Part III. Downscaling in Practice and Outlook: 15. Evaluation ; 16. Performance of statistical downscaling ; 17. A regional modelling debate ; 18. Use of downscaling in practice ; 19. Outlook ; Appendix A ; Appendix B

Anmerkung: Gondwana, comprising more than 64% of the present day continental mass, is home to 33% of large igneous provinces (LIPs) and key to understanding the lithosphere–atmosphere system and related tectonics that influenced global climate and sediment production on Earth. Gondwana has many of the largest LIPs, with areas of 200 000 to 2 000 000 km2. Several Gondwana LIPs erupted near active continental margins as well as within continents. The rifting of continents continued even after LIP emplacement or was aborted by a coeval compression and did not open into an ocean. Important contemporary frontiers include understanding significant amounts of synchronous silicic volcanic rocks in mafic LIPs, bringing better stratigraphic constraints supported by precise age dating and volume estimation of LIPs, the possible link between LIP emplacement and biotic crisis, refinement of the existing petrogenetic models and assessing large eruptions and associated societal risk. This volume covers topics on magma emplacements, petrology and geochemistry, source characteristics, flood basalt–carbonatite linkage, tectonics and geochronology of LIPs distributed in Gondwana continents. | Contents: Gondwana Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs): distribution, diversity and significance / Sarajit Sensarma, Bryan C. Storey and Vivek P. Malviya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 1-16, 27 November 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.11 --- Gondwana Large Igneous Provinces: plate reconstructions, volcanic basins and sill volumes / H. H. Svensen, T. H. Torsvik, S. Callegaro, L. Augland, T. H. Heimdal, D. A. Jerram, S. Planke and E. Pereira / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 17-40, 30 August 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.7 --- The Ferrar Large Igneous Province: field and geochemical constraints on supra-crustal (high-level) emplacement of the magmatic system / David H. Elliot and Thomas H. Fleming / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 41-58, 10 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.1 --- The Panjal Traps / J. Gregory Shellnutt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 59-86, 6 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.4 --- Mantle source heterogeneity in continental mafic Large Igneous Provinces: insights from the Panjal, Rajmahal and Deccan basalts, India / K. Vijaya Kumar, More B. Laxman and K. Nagaraju / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 87-116, 11 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.5 --- Imprints of modal metasomatism in the post-Deccan subcontinental lithospheric mantle: petrological evidence from an ultramafic xenolith in an Eocene lamprophyre, NW India / Rohit Pandey, N. V. Chalapathi Rao, Dinesh Pandit, Samarendra Sahoo and Prashant Dhote / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 117-136, 5 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.6 --- Origin of the Amba Dongar carbonatite complex, India and its possible linkage with the Deccan Large Igneous Province / Jyoti Chandra, Debajyoti Paul, Shrinivas G. Viladkar and Sarajit Sensarma / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 137-169, 10 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.3 --- Mineralogy, geochemistry and geochronology of mafic magmatic enclaves and their significance in evolution of Nongpoh granitoids, Meghalaya, NE India / Mohd. Sadiq, Ravi K. Umrao, B. B. Sharma, S. Chakraborti, S. Bhattacharyya and A. Kundu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 171-198, 6 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.2 --- Regional volcanism of northern Zealandia: post-Gondwana break-up magmatism on an extended, submerged continent / N. Mortimer, P. B. Gans, S. Meffre, C. E. Martin, M. Seton, S. Williams, R. E. Turnbull, P. G. Quilty, S. Micklethwaite, C. Timm, R. Sutherland, F. Bache, J. Collot, P. Maurizot, P. Rouillard and N. Rollet / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 199-226, 16 August 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.9 --- Modelling basalt weathering at elevated CO2 concentrations: implications for terminal to post-magmatic rifting in the Deccan Traps, Kachchh, India / Kaushik Mitra, Souvik Mitra, Saibal Gupta, Satadru Bhattacharya, Prakash Chauhan and Nirmala Jain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 227-241, 17 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.8 --- Geochemical and Sm–Nd isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Proterozoic mafic magmatism of the Gwalior Basin, central India: the influence of Large Igneous Provinces on Proterozoic crustal evolution / Jwellys D. Samom, Talat Ahmad and A. K. Choudhary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 243-268, 10 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.10

Anmerkung: Contents: 1 Our Approach ; 2 The Evolution and Governance Architecture of the United Nations Climate Change Regime ; 3 International Relations Theories and Climate Change Politics ; 4 Cooperation on Climate Change: Insights from Game Theory ; 5 Computational Models, Global Climate Change, and Policy ; 6 Environmental Protection, Differentiated Responsibility, and World Trade: Making Room for Climate Action ; 7 Major Countries ; 8 Nonstate Actors in International Policy Making: The Kyoto Protocol and Beyond ; 9 Business ; 10 Equity and Development: Developing Countries in the International Climate Negotiations ; 11 Implementation, Compliance, and Effectiveness of Policies and Institutions ; 12 Our Conclusions

Anmerkung: Text englisch mit deutscher und englischer Zusammenfassung

Anmerkung: Contents: Introduction ; Part 1: European Cities in Global Competition ; 1 Dynamic Competition in Space: Theoretical Models, Empirical Evidence, Political Challenges ; 2 Increasing the Innovative Capacity of European Cities: Making Use of Proven Concepts from the National Level ; Part 2: City Management and Direct Democracy ; 3 Open Government: Exploring Patterns of Mobile Interaction Between Citizens and Local Government ; 4 Building the Smart City: Leipzig ; 5 Location Communication in Leipzig and Thoughts About Destination Management ; Part 3: Success Factors in Global Competition Among Cities ; 6 Key Factors for Successful City Marketing: An Example from Münster ; 7 Strategies for Cities in Global Competition: An Essay on Spatial Economics and Management Science ; Part 4: Complementarity Between Region and City ; 8 The Significance of the Region for Urban Growth: The Example of Bonn and the Rhein-Sieg District ; 9 The Digital City: Using the Example of “Mönchengladbach on eBay” ; Part 5: Cost Efficiency in City Management ; 10 A Mechanism Design Approach to Planning Problems in Intermodal Transport Logistics of Large City Sea Ports and Megahubs

Anmerkung: Contents: 1. Indian diversity and global migrations ; 2. The great Indian migration wave ; 3. Merchants and capital ; 4. Diasporas and Dreams ; 5. Partitions and displacments ; 6. Migration and development

Anmerkung: Environment and conflict -- Context matters : Ogoni and place making -- Locale : political and cultural context of mobilisation -- Landscape, capital and violence -- Why the Ogoni mobilised -- From grievances to micro-mobilisation : how the Ogoni mobilised -- Cultural basis of mobilisation -- Mobilisation : a place for moral motivation? -- Place and limit of mobilisation -- Conclusion.

Anmerkung: Contents: Introduction: The Future is in Our Hands ; PART I SOURCES OF WORRY, REASONS FOR HOPE ; 1 Global Successes and Looming Catastrophes ; 2 Globalization and Technology: Choices and Contingencies ; 3 The Expanding Circle of Respect and Dignity ; 4 The Big Challenge ; PART II ACTING FOR SOCIAL PROGRESS ; 5 In Search of a New “Third Way” , 6 Reforming Capitalism , 7 From the Welfare State to the Emancipating State , 8 From Polaritics to Politics , Conclusion: Mobilizing Change- Makers

Anmerkung: Why economic geography is good for you -- What is economic geography? -- Inventing economic geography : histories of a discipline -- Economic geography and its border country -- Theory and theories in economic geography -- Method and methodology in economic geography -- Unboxing economic geography -- Globalization and uneven development -- Money and finance -- Cities and urbanization -- Nature and the environment -- Industrial and technological change.

Anmerkung: Jacobin legacy: the origins of social justice -- National welfare and the universal declaration -- FDR's second bill -- Globalizing welfare after empire -- Basic needs and human rights -- Global ethics from equality to subsistence -- Human rights in the neoliberal maelstrom -- Conclusion: Croesus's world.

Anmerkung: Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction ; Part I The Bases for the Analyses ; Chapter 2. The unknown influence of democratic qualities on climate performance ; Chapter 3. The concept and the operationalization of democratic efficacy ; Part II. An Empirical Analysis of the Democracy-Climate Nexus ; Chapter 4. Analysis I: more leads to more –positive statistical trends ; Chapter 5. Analysis II: Canada’s Kyoto Protocol process, 1995-2012 - a case study perspective ; Chapter 6. 1995-1997: Chrétien makes use of the prerogative ; Chapter 7. 1998-2002: futile consultations ; Chapter 8. 2003-2005: undemocratic unpredictability ; Chapter 9. 2006-2012: democratic weakening and climate change as a shield issue ; Chapter 10. Discussion analysis II: linkages between democratic quality and climate performance ; Part III. Synergy ; Chapter 11. Overall discussion ; Chapter 12. Conclusion

Anmerkung: Contents: Preface - The strongman economy? ; 1 - Putin's economic inheritance ; 2 - Reforging the Russian state ; 3 - Rise of the energy giants ; 4 - Stabilizing Russia's finances ; 5 - Restructuring Russian industry ; 6 - Wages and welfare ; 7 From crisis to crisis ; 8 - Putinomics under pressure ; Postscript - Can Putinomics survive?

Anmerkung: Contents Part I Setting the Scene The Anthropocene—What Does It Entail for Science? / Gesche Krause The Role of Knowledge Exchange in Earth System Science—The Earth System Knowledge Platform (ESKP) / Gesche Krause, Ute Münch, Jana Kandarr, Oliver Jorzik and Pia Klinghammer The AWI Approach at the Science-Stakeholder Interface / Gesche Krause, Klaus Grosfeld and Wolfgang Hiller Part II Dialogue Approaches of ESKP Contributions to AWI Knowledge Transfer Regional Awareness on Sea Level Rise Effects—What Do We Know About the South-Eastern North Sea Coast? / Nina Eschweiler, Tobias Dolch and Christian Buschbaum Climate Change and Biodiversity—Implications for the Local Fisheries Sector / Christina Hörterer, Maximilian Schupp, Andreas Benkens and Bela H. Buck Linking Biodiversity Research Communities / Sonja Knapp, Alexandra Kraberg, Stephan Frickenhaus, Stefan Klotz, Oliver Schweiger and Gesche Krause Engaging Forecast Users During the Year of Polar Prediction / Winfried Hoke, Kirstin Werner, Helge Goessling and Thomas Jung Governance of Resources for Arctic Sustainable Policy and Practice (GRASP)—Stakeholder Mapping / Sebastian Knecht, Andreas Herber and Kathrin Stephen Building Bridges at the Arctic Science-Policy Interface / Volker Rachold Part III Data-Products of ESKP Contributions to AWI Knowledge Transfer The Web Portal ‘meereisportal.de’ in Context of ESKP / Klaus Grosfeld, Renate Treffeisen, Jölund Asseng and Georg Heygster Knowledge Transfer by the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) / Boris K. Biskaborn and Hugues Lantuit A Web-Based Information System for Macrobenthic Biodiversity in the German North Sea / Jan M. Holstein Tackling Marine Litter—LITTERBASE / Melanie Bergmann, Mine B. Tekman, Andreas Walter and Lars Gutow Part IV Modelling Approaches of ESKP Contributions to AWI Knowledge Transfer Arctic Sea Ice Change, Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation Patterns and Extreme Climate and Weather in Europe / Ralf Jaiser and Dörthe Handorf Extending and Visualizing the TsunAWI Simulation Database of the Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning System (InaTEWS) / Antonia Immerz, Sven Harig and Natalja Rakowsky Streamflow Forecasting and Biodiversity / Monica Ionita, Madlene Pfeiffer and Stephan Frickenhaus Part V Pathways to Formalizing Knowledge Transfer Accompanying ESKP Projects—Development of a Process Assessment Strategy Within ESKP@AWI / Gesche Krause and Maximilian Felix Schupp Science and Society—The Time to Interact / Gesche Krause, Klaus Grosfeld and Annette Breckwoldt Erratum to: A Web-Based Information System for Macrobenthic Biodiversity in the German North Sea / Jan M. Holstein

Anmerkung: Contents: Part I: An Introduction to Fortran 90 and Numerical Methods ; 1: Fortran 90: A Simple Programming Language ; 2: Numerical Solution Methods ; Part II: Computational Economics for Beginners ; 3: The Static General Equilibrium Model ; 4: Topics in Finance and Risk Management ; 5: The Life Cycle Model and Intertemporal Choics ; 6: The Overlapping Generations Model ; 7: Extending the OLG Model ; Part III: Advanced Computational Economics ; 8: Introduction to Dynamic Programming ; 9: Dynamic Macro I: Infinite Horizon Models ; 10: Life-Cycle Choices and Risk ; 11: Dynamic Macro II: The Stochastic OLG Model

Anmerkung: Inhaltsverzeichnis: - The First Geometric POD of LEO Satellites - a Piece of History - Reference Frame From the Combination of a LEO Satellite with GPS Constellation and Ground Network of GPS Stations - Geometrical Model of the Earth’s Geo center Based on Temporal Gravity Field Maps - First Phase Clocks and Frequency Transfer - First Geometric POD of GPS and Galileo Satellites - Kinematics of IGS Stations - Reduced-Kinematic POD - First GPS Baseline in Space - the GRACE Mission - Geometrical Modeling of the Ionosphere and the Troposphere with LEO Orbit - Aerodynamics in Low LEO: A Novel Approach to Modeling Air Density Based on IGS TEC Maps - GPS Single-Frequency: From First cm-POD to Single Frequency GNSS-RO/R - Absolute Code Biases Based on the Ambiguity-Free Linear Combination - DCBs without TEC - LEO Near-Field Multipath and Antenna Effects - Probing the Flyby Anomaly Using Kinematic POD - Exotic Applications of Kinematic POD - Galileo-2: A Highly Accurate Dynamical GEO Reference Frame to Complement the TRF - Geometrical Representation of Gravity Field Determination

Anmerkung: Table of contents Preface About the authors Acknowledgements Dedication List of figures List of tables List of symbols Part I Introduction and characteristics of permafrost I Definition and description 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Additional terms originating in Russia 1.3 History of permafrost research 1.4 Measurement of ground temperature 1.5 Conduction, convection and advection 1.6 Therm al regimes in regions based on heat conduction 1.7 Continentality index 1.8 Moisture movement in the active layer during freezing and thawing 1.9 Moisture conditions in permafrost ground 1.10 Results of freezing moisture 1.11 Strength of ice 1.12 Cryosols, gelisols, and leptosols 1.13 Fragipans 1.14 Salinity in permafrost regions 1.15 Organic matter 1.16 Micro-organisms in permafrost 1.16.1 Antarctic permafrost 1.16.2 High-latitude permafrost 1.16.3 High altitude permafrost in China 1.16.4 Phenotypic traits 1.16.5 Relation to climate change on the Tibetan plateau 1.17 Gas and gas hydrates 1.18 Thermokarst areas 1.19 Offshore permafrost 2 Cryogenic processes where temperatures dip below 0°C 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The nature of ice and water 2.3 Effects of oil pollution on freezing 2.4 Freezing and thawing of the active layer in permafrost in equilibrium with a stable climate 2.5 Relation of clay mineralogy to the average position of the permafrost table 2.6 Ground temperature envelopes in profiles affected by changes in mean annual ground surface temperature (MASGT) 2.7 Needle ice 2.8 Frost heaving 2.9 Densification and thaw settlement 2.10 Cryostratigraphy, cryostructures, cryotextures and cryofacies 2.11 Ground cracking 2.12 Dilation cracking 2.13 Frost susceptibility 2.14 Cryoturbation, gravity processes and injection structures 2.14.1 Cryoturbation 2.14.2 Upward injection of sediments from below 2.14.3 Load-casting 2.15 Upheaving of objects 2.16 Upturning of objects 2.17 Sorting 2.18 Weathering and frost comminution 2.19 Karst in areas with permafrost 2.20 Seawater density and salinity 3 Factors affecting permafrost distribution 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Climatic factors 3.2.1 Heat balance on the surface of the Earth and its effect on the climate 3.2.2 Relationship between air and ground temperatures 3.2.3 Thermal offset 3.2.4 Relation to air masses 3.2.5 Precipitation 3.2.6 Latitude and longitude 3.2.7 Topography and altitude 3.2.8 Cold air drainage 3.2.9 Buffering of temperatures against change in mountain ranges 3.3 Terrain factors 3.3.1 Vegetation 3.3.2 Hydrology 3.3.3 Lakes and water bodies 3.3.4 Nature of the soil and rock 3.3.5 Fire 3.3.6 Glaciers 3.3.7 The effects of Man 4 Permafrost distribution 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Zonation of permafrost 4.3 Permafrost mapping 4.4 Examples of mapping units used 4.5 Modeling permafrost distribution 4.6 Advances in geophysical methods 4.7 Causes of variability reducing the reliability of small-scale maps 4.8 Maps of permafrost-related properties based on field observations 4.8.1 Permafrost thickness 4.8.2 Maps of ice content 4.8.3 Water resources locked up in perennially frozen ground 4.8.4 Total carbon content 4.9 Use of remote sensing and airborne platforms in monitoring environmental conditions and disturbances 4.10 Sensitivity to climate change: Hazard zonation 4.11 Classification of permafrost stability based on mean annual ground temperature Part II Permafrost landforms II. 1 Introduction 5 Frost cracking, ice-wedges, sand, loess and rock tessellons 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Primary and secondary wedges 5.2.1 Primary wedges 5.2.1.1 Ice-wedges 5.2.1.2 Sand tessellons 5.2.1.3 Loess tessellons 5.2.1.4 Rock tessellons 5.2.2 Secondary wedges 5.2.2.1 Ice-wedge casts 5.2.2.2 Soil wedges 6 Massive ground ice in lowlands 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Distribution of massive icy beds in surface sediments 6.3 Sources of the sediments 6.4 Deglaciation of the Laurentide ice sheet 6.5 Methods used to determine the origin of the massive icy beds 6.6 Massive icy beds interpreted as being formed by cryosuction 6.7 Massive icy beds that may represent stagnant glacial ice 6.8 Other origins of massive icy beds 6.9 Ice complexes including yedoma deposits 6.10 Conditions for growth of thick ice-wedges 6.11 The mechanical condition of the growth of ice-wedges and its connection to the properties of the surrounding sediments 6.12 Buoyancy of ice-wedges 6.13 Summary of the ideas explaining yedoma evolution 6.14 Aufeis 6.15 Perennial ice caves 6.16 Types of ice found in perennial ice caves 6.17 Processes involved in the formation of perennial ice caves 6.18 Cycles of perennial cave evolution 6.18.1 Perennial ice caves in deep hollows 6.18.2 Sloping caves with two entrances 6.18.3 Perennial ice caves with only one main entrance but air entering through cracks and joints in the bedrock walls 6.18.4 Perennial ice caves with only one main entrance and no other sources of cooling 6.19 Ice caves in subtropical climates 6.20 Massive blocks of ice in bedrock or soil 7 Permafrost mounds 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Mounds over 2.5 m diameter 7.2.1 Mounds formed predominantly of injection ice 7.2.1.1 Pingo mounds 7.2.1.2 Hydrostatic or closed system pingos 7.2.1.3 Hydraulic or open system pingos 7.2.1.4 Pingo plateaus 7.2.1.5 Seasonal frost mounds 7.2.1.6 Icing blisters 7.2.1.7 Perennial mounds of uncertain origin 7.2.1.8 Similar mounds that can be confused with injection phenomena 7.2.2 Mounds formed dominantly by cryosuction 7.2.2.1 Paisas 7.2.2.1.1 Paisas in maritime climates 7.2.2.1.2 Paisas in cold, continental climates 7.2.2.1.3 Lithalsas 7.2.2.1.4 Palsa/Lithalsa look-alikes 7.2.3 Mounds formed by the accumulation of ice in the thawing fringe: Peat plateaus 7.3 Cryogenic mounds less than 2.5 m in diameter 7.3.1 Oscillating hummocks 7.3.2 Thufurs 7.3.3 Silt-cycling hummocks 7.3.4 Niveo-aeolian hummocks 7.3.5 Similar-looking mounds of uncertain origin 7.3.6 String bogs 7.3.7 Pounus 8 Mass wasting of fine-grained materials in cold climates 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Classification of mass wasting 8.3 Slow flows 8.3.1 Cryogenic creep 8.3.1.1 Needle ice creep 8.3.1.2 Frost heave and frost creep 8.3.1.3 Gelifluction 8.3.1.4 Other creep-type contributions to downslope movement of soil 8.3.2 Landforms produced by cryogenic slow flows in humid areas 8.3.3 Landforms developed by cryogenic flows in more arid regions 8.4 Cryogenic fast flows 8.4.1 Cryogenic debris flows 8.4.2 Cryogenic slides and slumps 8.4.3 Cryogenic composite slope failures 8.4.3.1 Active-layer detachment slides 8.4.3.2 Retrogressive thaw failures 8.4.3.3 Snow avalanches and slushflows 8.4.3.3.1 Snow avalanches 8.4.3.3.2 Slush avalanches 8.5 Relative effect in moving debris downslope in the mountains 9 Landforms consisting of blocky materials in cold climates 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Source of the blocks 9.3 Influence of rock type 9.4 Weathering products 9.5 Biogenic weathering 9.6 Fate of the soluble salts produced by chemical and biogenic weathering 9.7 Rate of cliff retreat 9.8 Landforms resulting from the accumulation of predominantly blocky materials in cryogenic climates 9.8.1 Cryogenic block fields 9.8.1.1 Measurement of rates of release of blocks on slopes 9.8.2 Cryogenic block slopes and fans 9.8.3 Classification of cryogenic talus slopes 9.8.3.1 Coarse blocky talus slopes 9.8.4 Protection of infrastructure from falling rock 9.9 Talus containing significant amounts of finer material 9.9.1 Rock glaciers 9.9.1.1 Sedimentary composition and structure of active rock glaciers 9.9.1.2 Origin of the ice in active rock glaciers 9.9.1.3 Relationship to vegetation 9.9.2 Movement of active rock glaciers 9.9.2.1 Horizontal movement 9.9.2.2 Movement of the front 9.9.3 Distribution of active rock glaciers 9.9.4 Inactive and fossil rock glaciers 9.9.5 Streams flowing from under rock glaciers 9.10 Cryogenic block streams 9.10.1 Characteristics 9.10.2 Classification 9.10.2.1

Anmerkung: Contents Preface Acknowledgements 1 Introduction 1.1 The Periglacial Concept: Definitions and Scope 1.2 The Periglacial Realm 1.3 The Development of Periglacial Geomorphology 1.4 Periglacial Geomorphology: The Quaternary Context 1.5 The Aims and Organization of this Book 2 Periglacial Environments 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Periglacial Climates 2.3 Soils in Periglacial Environments 2.4 Vegetation Cover in Periglacial Environments 2.5 Synthesis 3 Ground Freezing and Thawing 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Ground Heating and Cooling 3.3 Soil Freezing 3.4 Ice Segregation in Freezing Soils 3.5 Thaw Consolidation 3.6 Synthesis 4 Permafrost 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Permafrost Thermal Regime 4.3 Classification of Permafrost 4.4 Detection, Mapping and Modelling of Permafrost 4.5 Permafrost Distribution 4.6 Permafrost-glacier Interactions 4.7 The Geomorphic Importance of Permafrost 5 Ground Ice and Cryostratigraphy 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Genetic Classification of Ground Ice 5.3 Description of Ground Ice 5.4 Ice Contacts 5.5 Cryostratigraphy 5.6 The Transition Zone 5.7 Massive Ground Ice 5.8 Yedoma 6 Thermal Contraction Cracking: Ice Wedges and Related Landforms 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Thermal Contraction Cracking and Polygon Evolution 6.3 Ice Veins and Ice Wedges 6.4 Ice-wedge Polygons 6.5 Sand Veins and Sand Wedges 6.6 Composite Veins and Composite Wedges 6.7 Sand-wedge Polygons 6.8 Frost Cracking of Seasonally Frozen Ground 6.9 Thaw Modification of Frost Wedges 6.10 Frost-Wedge Pseudomorphs and Frost Polygons in Areas of Past Permafrost 7 Pingos, Palsas and other Frost Mounds 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Characteristics of Pingos 7.3 Hydrostatic Pingos 7.4 Hydraulic Pingos 7.5 Pingo Problems and Problem Pingos 7.6 Segregation Ice Mounds: Palsas, Lithalsas and Related Landforms 7.7 Palsas 7.8 Peat Plateaus 7.9 Lithalsas 7.10 Permafrost Plateaus 7.11 Other Permafrost Mounds 7.12 Ephemeral Frost Mounds 7.13 Relict Permafrost Mounds 8 Thermokarst 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Thermokarst Lakes and Drained Lake Basins 8.3 Thermokarst Pits, Bogs and Fens 8.4 Retrogressive Thaw Slumps 8.5 Small-scale Thermokarst Features: Beaded Streams, Sinkholes and Thermokarst Gullies 8.6 Sediment Structures associated with Thermokarst 8.7 Relict Thermokarst Phenomena 9 Seasonally Frozen Ground Phenomena 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Upfreezing of Clasts 9.3 Frost Heave of Bedrock 9.4 Patterned Ground: The Embroidery on the Landscape 9.5 Patterned Ground Processes 9.6 Sorted Patterned Ground 9.7 Nonsorted Patterned Ground 9.8 Cryoturbations 9.9 Pedogenic Effects of Freezing and Thawing 9.10 Fragipans 9.11 Synthesis 10 Rock Weathering and Associated Landforms 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Physical Weathering Processes 10.3 Chemical Weathering Processes 10.4 Biotic Weathering Processes 10.5 Weathering Processes in Periglacial Environments 10.6Cold-climate Karst 10.7 Tors 10.8 Blockfields and Related Periglacial Regolith Covers 10.9 Brecciated Bedrocks 11 Periglacial Mass Movement and Hillslope Evolution 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Solifluction Processes 11.3 Solifluction Landforms 11.4 Pleistocene Solifluction Landforms and Slope Deposits 11.5 Active-layer Failures 11.6 Permafrost Creep 11.7 Nivation 11.8 Cryoplanation 11.9 Slope Form and Slope Evolution 12 Talus Slopes and Related Landforms 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Rockfall Talus 12.3 The Geomorphic Role of Snow Avalanches 12.4 Debris-flow Activity 12.5 Rock Glaciers 12.6 Pronival (Protalus) Ramparts 12.7 Synthesis 13 Fluvial Processes and Landforms 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Periglacial Hydrology 13.3 Slopewash 13.4 Slushflows 13.5 Sediment Transport in Periglacial Rivers 13.6 Bank and Channel Erosion 13.7 River Channels 13.8 Alluvial Landforms in Periglacial Environments 13.9 Valley Form 13.10 Pleistocene Periglacial Rivers 13.11 Synthesis 14 Wind Action 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Aeolian Processes 14.3 Wind Erosion in Present Periglacial Environments 14.4 Aeolian Deposits in Present Periglacial Environments 14.5 Quaternary Aeolian Deposits 14.6 Synthesis 15 Periglacial Coasts 15.1 Introduction 15.2 The Nature of Periglacial Coasts 15.3 The Role of Ice in Shoreline Evolution 15.4 Ice-rich Permafrost Coasts 15.5 Thermokarst Coasts 15.6 Barrier Coasts 15.7 Salt Marshes and Tidal Flats 15.8 Rock Coasts 15.9 Raised and Inherited Shorelines 15.10 Lake Shorelines 15.11 Synthesis 16 Past Periglacial Environments 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction Based on Periglacial Features 16.3 Past Periglacial Environments of the British Isles 16.4 Pre-Late Devensian Periglacial Features in the British Isles 16.5 The Dimlington Stade in the British Isles 16.6 The Younger Dryas (Loch Lomond) Stade in the British Isles 16.7 Past Periglacial Environments of the British Isles: Commentary 16.8 Late Weichselian Periglacial Environments in Continental Europe 16.9 Late Wisconsinan Periglacial Environments in North America 16.10 Permafrost Extent in the Northern Hemisphere During the Last Glacial Stage 16.11 Concluding Comments 17 Climate Change and Periglacial Environments 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Permafrost Degradation 17.3 Geomorphological Implications of Climate Change in the Circumpolar North 17.4Geomorphological Implications of Climate Change in High Mountain Environments 17.5 Climate Change ,Permafrost Degradation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions 17.6 Conclusion Appendix: Text Abbreviations, Units and Symbols Employed in Equations References Index