ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

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Gene editing fixes cystic fibrosis gene in mice before birth (2019)

Mullin, Emily

Springer Nature

In: Nature Medicine. 2019; Published 2019 May 08. doi: 10.1038/d41591-019-00012-x. [early online release]

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Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-08

Print ISSN: 1078-8956

Digitale ISSN: 1546-170X

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

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2

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Protein kinase N controls a lysosomal lipid switch to facilitate nutrient signalling via mTORC1 (2019)

Wallroth, Alexander ; Koch, Philipp A. ; Marat, Andrea L. ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Nature Cell Biology. 2019; 21(9): 1093-1101. Published 2019 Aug 26. doi: 10.1038/s41556-019-0377-3.

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Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-26

Print ISSN: 1465-7392

Digitale ISSN: 1476-4679

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

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3

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EV-TRACK: transparent reporting and centralizing knowledge in extracellular vesicle research (2017)

, ; Van Deun, Jan ; Mestdagh, Pieter ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Nature Methods. 2017; 14(3): 228-232. Published 2017 Feb 28. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.4185.

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-28

Print ISSN: 1548-7091

Digitale ISSN: 1548-7105

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

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4

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Biology and evolution of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (2017)

Rickman, David S ; Beltran, Himisha ; Demichelis, Francesca ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Nature Medicine. 2017; 23(6): 664-673. Published 2017 Jun 01. doi: 10.1038/nm.4341.

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-01

Print ISSN: 1078-8956

Digitale ISSN: 1546-170X

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

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5

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Analyzing bacterial extracellular vesicles in human body fluids by orthogonal biophysical separation and biochemical characterization (2019)

Tulkens, Joeri ; De Wever, Olivier ; Hendrix, An

Springer Nature

In: Nature Protocols. 2019; 15(1): 40-67. Published 2019 Nov 27. doi: 10.1038/s41596-019-0236-5.

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Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-27

Print ISSN: 1754-2189

Digitale ISSN: 1750-2799

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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6

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A new era for solar (2017)

Kurtz, Sarah ; Haegel, Nancy ; Sinton, Ronald ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Nature Photonics. 2017; 11(1): 3-5. Published 2017 Jan 01. doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2016.232.

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-01-01

Print ISSN: 1749-4885

Digitale ISSN: 1749-4893

Thema: Physik

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7

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CRISPR off-targets: a reassessment (2018)

Springer Nature

In: Nature Methods. 2018; 15(4): 229-230. Published 2018 Mar 30. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.4664.

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-30

Print ISSN: 1548-7091

Digitale ISSN: 1548-7105

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

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8

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Turning point: Industry immigrant (2017)

Gewin, Virginia

Springer Nature

In: Nature. 2017; 551(7678): 131-131. Published 2017 Nov 02. doi: 10.1038/nj7678-131a.

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-11-02

Print ISSN: 0028-0836

Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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9

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Adaptation of muscle activation after patellar loading demonstrates neural control of joint variables (2019)

Barroso, Filipe O. ; Alessandro, Cristiano ; Tresch, Matthew C.

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports. 2019; 9(1): 20370. Published 2019 Dec 01. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56888-9.

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Publikationsdatum: 2019-12-01

Beschreibung: We evaluated whether the central nervous system (CNS) chooses muscle activations not only to achieve behavioral goals but also to minimize stresses and strains within joints. We analyzed the coordination between quadriceps muscles during locomotion in rats before and after imposing a lateral force on the patella. Vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) in the rat produce identical knee torques but opposing mediolateral patellar forces. If the CNS regulates internal joint stresses, we predicted that after imposing a lateral patellar load by attaching a spring between the patella and lateral femur, the CNS would reduce the ratio between VL and VM activation to minimize net mediolateral patellar forces. Our results confirmed this prediction, showing that VL activation was reduced after attaching the spring whereas VM and rectus femoris (RF) activations were not significantly changed. This adaptation was reversed after the spring was detached. These changes were not observed immediately after attaching the spring but only developed after 3–5 days, suggesting that they reflected gradual processes rather than immediate compensatory reflexes. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that the CNS chooses muscle activations to regulate internal joint variables.

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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10

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Context is everything: aneuploidy in cancer (2019)

Ben-David, Uri ; Amon, Angelika

Springer Nature

In: Nature Reviews Genetics. 2019; 21(1): 44-62. Published 2019 Sep 23. doi: 10.1038/s41576-019-0171-x.

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Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23

Print ISSN: 1471-0056

Digitale ISSN: 1471-0064

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

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11

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Modelling Cryptosporidium infection in human small intestinal and lung organoids (2018)

Heo, Inha ; Dutta, Devanjali ; Schaefer, Deborah A. ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Nature Microbiology. 2018; 3(7): 814-823. Published 2018 Jun 25. doi: 10.1038/s41564-018-0177-8.

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-06-25

Digitale ISSN: 2058-5276

Thema: Biologie

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12

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Spotlight on Food Science in Japan (2017)

Springer Nature

In: Nature. 2017; Published 2017 Mar 30. doi: 10.1038/nj0505. [early online release]

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-03-30

Print ISSN: 0028-0836

Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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13

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Therapeutic cancer vaccine survives biotech bust (2015)

Ledford, Heidi

Springer Nature

In: Nature. 2015; 519(7541): 17-18. Published 2015 Feb 26. doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.16990.

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-26

Print ISSN: 0028-0836

Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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14

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Chronic oral exposure to field-realistic pesticide combinations via pollen and nectar: effects on feeding and thermal performance in a solitary bee (2019)

Azpiazu, Celeste ; Bosch, Jordi ; Viñuela, Elisa ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports. 2019; 9(1): 13770. Published 2019 Sep 24. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50255-4.

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Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-24

Beschreibung: Pesticide use is one of the main causes of pollinator declines in agricultural ecosystems. Traditionally, most laboratory studies on bee ecotoxicology test acute exposure to single compounds. However, under field conditions, bees are often chronically exposed to a variety of chemicals, with potential synergistic effects. We studied the effects of field-realistic concentrations of three pesticides measured in pollen and nectar of commercial melon fields on the solitary bee Osmia bicornis L. We orally exposed females of this species throughout their life span to 8 treatments combining two neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid, imidacloprid) and a triazole fungicide (myclobutanil) via pollen and sugar syrup. We measured pollen and syrup consumption, longevity, ovary maturation and thermogenesis. Although bees consumed larger amounts of syrup than pollen, pesticide intake via syrup and pollen were similar. At the tested concentrations, no synergistic effects emerged, and we found no effects on longevity and ovary maturation. However, all treatments containing imidacloprid resulted in suppressed syrup consumption and drastic decreases in thoracic temperature and bee activity. Our results have important implications for pesticide regulation. If we had measured only lethal effects we would have wrongly concluded that the pesticide combinations containing imidacloprid were safe to O. bicornis. The incorporation of tests specifically intended to detect sublethal effects in bee risk assessment schemes should be an urgent priority. In this way, the effects of pesticide exposure on the dynamics of bee populations in agroecosystems will be better assessed.

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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Inactivation of Ppp1r15a minimises weight gain and insulin resistance during caloric excess in female mice (2019)

Patel, Vruti ; Bidault, Guillaume ; Chambers, Joseph E. ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports. 2019; 9(1): 2903. Published 2019 Feb 27. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39562-y.

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Publikationsdatum: 2019-02-27

Beschreibung: Phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α within the mediobasal hypothalamus is known to suppress food intake, but the role of the eIF2α phosphatases in regulating body weight is poorly understood. Mice deficient in active PPP1R15A, a stress-inducible eIF2α phosphatase, are healthy and more resistant to endoplasmic reticulum stress than wild type controls. We report that when female Ppp1r15a mutant mice are fed a high fat diet they gain less weight than wild type littermates owing to reduced food intake. This results in healthy leaner Ppp1r15a mutant animals with reduced hepatic steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity, albeit with a possible modest defect in insulin secretion. By contrast, no weight differences are observed between wild type and Ppp1r15a deficient mice fed a standard diet. We conclude that female mice lacking the C-terminal PP1-binding domain of PPP1R15A show reduced dietary intake and preserved glucose tolerance. Our data indicate that this results in reduced weight gain and protection from diet-induced obesity.

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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16

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Loss of mRNA surveillance pathways results in widespread protein aggregation (2018)

Jamar, Nur Hidayah ; Kritsiligkou, Paraskevi ; Grant, Chris M.

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports. 2018; 8(1): 3894. Published 2018 Mar 01. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22183-2.

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-01

Beschreibung: Eukaryotic cells contain translation-associated mRNA surveillance pathways which prevent the production of potentially toxic proteins from aberrant mRNA translation events. We found that loss of mRNA surveillance pathways in mutants deficient in nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), no-go decay (NGD) and nonstop decay (NSD) results in increased protein aggregation. We have isolated and identified the proteins that aggregate and our bioinformatic analyses indicates that increased aggregation of aggregation-prone proteins is a general occurrence in mRNA surveillance mutants, rather than being attributable to specific pathways. The proteins that aggregate in mRNA surveillance mutants tend to be more highly expressed, more abundant and more stable proteins compared with the wider proteome. There is also a strong correlation with the proteins that aggregate in response to nascent protein misfolding and an enrichment for proteins that are substrates of ribosome-associated Hsp70 chaperones, consistent with susceptibility for aggregation primarily occurring during translation/folding. We also identified a significant overlap between the aggregated proteins in mRNA surveillance mutants and ageing yeast cells suggesting that translation-dependent protein aggregation may be a feature of the loss of proteostasis that occurs in aged cell populations.

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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17

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ICP4-induced miR-101 attenuates HSV-1 replication (2016)

Wang, Xiangling ; Diao, Caifeng ; Yang, Xi ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports. 2016; 6(1): 23205. Published 2016 Mar 17. doi: 10.1038/srep23205.

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Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-17

Beschreibung: Hepes simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) is an enveloped DNA virus that can cause lytic and latent infection. miRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and our previous work has indicated that HSV-1 infection induces miR-101 expression in HeLa cells. The present study demonstrates that HSV-1-induced miR-101 is mainly derived from its precursor hsa-mir-101-2 and the HSV-1 immediate early gene ICP4 (infected-cell polypeptide 4) directly binds to the hsa-mir-101-2 promoter to activate its expression. RNA-binding protein G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF1) was identified as a new target of miR-101; GRSF1 binds to HSV-1 p40 mRNA and enhances its expression, facilitating viral proliferation. Together, ICP4 induces miR-101 expression, which downregulates GRSF1 expression and attenuates the replication of HSV-1. This allows host cells to maintain a permissive environment for viral replication by preventing lytic cell death. These findings indicate that HSV-1 early gene expression modulates host miRNAs to regulate molecular defense mechanisms. This study provides novel insight into host-virus interactions in HSV-1 infection and may contribute to the development of antiviral therapeutics.

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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18

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Emissions mitigation opportunities for savanna countries from early dry season fire management (2018)

Lipsett-Moore, Geoffrey J. ; Wolff, Nicholas H. ; Game, Edward T.

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications. 2018; 9(1): 2247. Published 2018 Jun 08. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04687-7.

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-06-08

Beschreibung: Savanna fires produce significant emissions globally, but if managed effectively could provide an important mitigation opportunity, particularly in African least developed countries. Here we show global opportunities for emissions reductions through early dry season burning for 37 countries including: 29 countries in Africa (69.1 MtCO2-e yr−1), six countries in South America (13.3 MtCO2-e yr−1), and Australia and Papua New Guinea (6.9 MtCO2-e yr−1). Emissions reduction estimates are based on the successful approach developed in Australia to reduce emissions from savanna fires using global-scale, remotely sensed estimates of monthly emissions. Importantly, 20 least developed countries in Africa account for 74% of the mitigation potential (60.2 MtCO2-e yr−1). More than 1.02 million km2 of savanna dominated protected areas within these countries could be used as pilot sites to test and advance a regional approach to mitigation efforts for savanna fires in Africa. Potential versus actual abatement opportunities are discussed.

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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19

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Intensifying the response of distributed optical fibre sensors using 2D and 3D image restoration (2016)

Soto, Marcelo A. ; Ramírez, Jaime A. ; Thévenaz, Luc

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications. 2016; 7(1): 10870. Published 2016 Mar 01. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10870.

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Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-01

Beschreibung: Distributed optical fibre sensors possess the unique capability of measuring the spatial and temporal map of environmental quantities that can be of great interest for several field applications. Although existing methods for performance enhancement have enabled important progresses in the field, they do not take full advantage of all information present in the measured data, still giving room for substantial improvement over the state-of-the-art. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate an approach for performance enhancement that exploits the high level of similitude and redundancy contained on the multidimensional information measured by distributed fibre sensors. Exploiting conventional image and video processing, an unprecedented boost in signal-to-noise ratio and measurement contrast is experimentally demonstrated. The method can be applied to any white-noise-limited distributed fibre sensor and can remarkably provide a 100-fold improvement in the sensor performance with no hardware modification.

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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20

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Brainstem and spinal cord MRI identifies altered sensorimotor pathways post-stroke (2019)

Karbasforoushan, Haleh ; Cohen-Adad, Julien ; Dewald, Julius P. A.

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications. 2019; 10(1): 3524. Published 2019 Aug 06. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11244-3.

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Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-06

Beschreibung: Damage to the corticospinal tract is widely studied following unilateral subcortical stroke, whereas less is known about changes to other sensorimotor pathways. This may be due to the fact that many studies investigated morphological changes in the brain, where the majority of descending and ascending brain pathways are overlapping, and did not investigate the brainstem where they separate. Moreover, these pathways continue passing through separate regions in the spinal cord. Here, using a high-resolution structural MRI of both the brainstem and the cervical spinal cord, we were able to identify a number of microstructurally altered pathways, in addition to the corticospinal tract, post stroke. Moreover, decreases in ipsi-lesional corticospinal tract integrity and increases in contra-lesional medial reticulospinal tract integrity were correlated with motor impairment severity in individuals with stroke.

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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21

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CRISPR knockout screening identifies combinatorial drug targets in pancreatic cancer and models cellular drug response (2018)

Szlachta, Karol ; Kuscu, Cem ; Tufan, Turan ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications. 2018; 9(1): 4275. Published 2018 Oct 15. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06676-2.

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-10-15

Beschreibung: Predicting the response and identifying additional targets that will improve the efficacy of chemotherapy is a major goal in cancer research. Through large-scale in vivo and in vitro CRISPR knockout screens in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells, we identified genes whose genetic deletion or pharmacologic inhibition synergistically increase the cytotoxicity of MEK signaling inhibitors. Furthermore, we show that CRISPR viability scores combined with basal gene expression levels could model global cellular responses to the drug treatment. We develop drug response evaluation by in vivo CRISPR screening (DREBIC) method and validated its efficacy using large-scale experimental data from independent experiments. Comparative analyses demonstrate that DREBIC predicts drug response in cancer cells from a wide range of tissues with high accuracy and identifies therapeutic vulnerabilities of cancer-causing mutations to MEK inhibitors in various cancer types.

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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22

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Age-dependent carry-over effects in a long-distance migratory bird (2019)

López Calderón, Cosme ; Balbontín Arenas, Javier ; Hobson, Keith A. ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports. 2019; 9(1): 12032. Published 2019 Aug 19. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47374-3.

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Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-19

Beschreibung: Migratory birds usually respond to climate change by modifying breeding and/or wintering areas, as well as by reproducing earlier. In addition, changes in winter habitat use or breeding phenology could have important carry-over effects on subsequent breeding success. Here, we studied age- and sex-dependent carry-over effects from wintering to the breeding stage of a small aerial insectivorous long-distance migratory bird, the barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) breeding in Denmark during 1984–2013. First, we used stable isotope analyses combined with ringing recoveries to identify wintering areas. Second, we found that environmental conditions as inferred by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) have improved at the wintering grounds. Third, we used confirmatory path analysis to quantify the indirect effect of winter conditions on subsequent breeding success. Males delayed onset of breeding and raised fewer fledglings in the first brood when ecological conditions during the previous winter improved. This response was age dependent, since yearlings did not respond to this environmental cue but the response was increasingly stronger as males aged. Females showed a similar response to winter conditions, although not statistically significant. These results highlight the importance of studying carry-over effects within the context of climate change, especially in relation to age of individuals.

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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Adaptable surfactant-mediated method for the preparation of anisotropic metal chalcogenide nanomaterials (2018)

McCarthy, S. A. ; Ratkic, R. ; Purcell-Milton, F. ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports. 2018; 8(1): 2860. Published 2018 Feb 12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21328-7.

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-02-12

Beschreibung: The hot injection synthesis of nanomaterials is a highly diverse and fundamental field of chemical research, which has shown much success in the bottom up approach to nanomaterial design. Here we report a synthetic strategy for the production of anisotropic metal chalcogenide nanomaterials of different compositions and shapes, using an optimised hot injection approach. Its unique advantage compared to other hot injection routes is that it employs one chemical to act as many agents: high boiling point, viscous solvent, reducing agent, and surface coordinating ligand. It has been employed to produce a range of nanomaterials, such as CuS, Bi2S3, Cu2-xSe, FeSe2, and Bi4Se3, among others, with various structures including nanoplates and nanosheets. Overall, this article will highlight the excellent versatility of the method, which can be tuned to produce many different materials and shapes. In addition, due to the nature of the synthesis, 2D nanomaterial products are produced as monolayers without the need for exfoliation; a significant achievement towards future development of these materials.

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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A simple and robust real-time qPCR method for the detection of PIK3CA mutations (2018)

Alvarez-Garcia, Virginia ; Bartos, Clare ; Keraite, Ieva ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports. 2018; 8(1): 4290. Published 2018 Mar 09. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22473-9.

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-09

Beschreibung: PIK3CA mutations are seemingly the most common driver mutations in breast cancer with H1047R and E545K being the most common of these, accounting together for around 60% of all PIK3CA mutations and have promising therapeutic implications. Given the low sensitivity and the high cost of current genotyping methods we sought to develop fast, simple and inexpensive assays for PIK3CA H1047R and E545K mutation screening in clinical material. The methods we describe are based on a real-time PCR including a mutation specific primer combined with a non-productive oligonucleotide which inhibits wild-type amplification and a parallel internal control reaction. We demonstrate consistent detection of PIK3CA H1047R mutant DNA in genomic DNA extracted from frozen breast cancer biopsies, FFPE material or cancer cell lines with a detection sensitivity of approximately 5% mutant allele fraction and validate these results using both Sanger sequencing and deep next generation sequencing methods. The detection sensitivity for PIK3CA E545K mutation was approximately 10%. We propose these methods as simple, fast and inexpensive diagnostic tools to determine PIK3CA mutation status.

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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Novel Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithms for Spatial Prediction of Floods (2018)

Bui, Dieu Tien ; Panahi, Mahdi ; Shahabi, Himan ; [weitere]

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports. 2018; 8(1): 15364. Published 2018 Oct 18. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33755-7.

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-10-18

Beschreibung: Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) includes two novel GIS-based ensemble artificial intelligence approaches called imperialistic competitive algorithm (ICA) and firefly algorithm (FA). This combination could result in ANFIS-ICA and ANFIS-FA models, which were applied to flood spatial modelling and its mapping in the Haraz watershed in Northern Province of Mazandaran, Iran. Ten influential factors including slope angle, elevation, stream power index (SPI), curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), lithology, rainfall, land use, stream density, and the distance to river were selected for flood modelling. The validity of the models was assessed using statistical error-indices (RMSE and MSE), statistical tests (Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests), and the area under the curve (AUC) of success. The prediction accuracy of the models was compared to some new state-of-the-art sophisticated machine learning techniques that had previously been successfully tested in the study area. The results confirmed the goodness of fit and appropriate prediction accuracy of the two ensemble models. However, the ANFIS-ICA model (AUC = 0.947) had a better performance in comparison to the Bagging-LMT (AUC = 0.940), BLR (AUC = 0.936), LMT (AUC = 0.934), ANFIS-FA (AUC = 0.917), LR (AUC = 0.885) and RF (AUC = 0.806) models. Therefore, the ANFIS-ICA model can be introduced as a promising method for the sustainable management of flood-prone areas.

Digitale ISSN: 2045-2322

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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A Customizable Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Building Block for the Synthesis of Classical and Reversible Circuits (2015)

Ahmed Moustafa, Ahmed Younes, and Yasser F. Hassan

Hindawi

In: Scientific World Journal

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-10

Beschreibung: Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are nanoscale digital logic constructs that use electrons in arrays of quantum dots to carry out binary operations. In this paper, a basic building block for QCA will be proposed. The proposed basic building block can be customized to implement classical gates, such as XOR and XNOR gates, and reversible gates, such as CNOT and Toffoli gates, with less cell count and/or better latency than other proposed designs.

Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Performance Improvement of Inertial Navigation System by Using Magnetometer with Vehicle Dynamic Constraints (2015)

Daehee Won, Jongsun Ahn, Sangkyung Sung, Moonbeom Heo, Sung-Hyuck Im, and Young Jae Lee

Hindawi

In: Journal of Sensors

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11

Beschreibung: A navigation algorithm is proposed to increase the inertial navigation performance of a ground vehicle using magnetic measurements and dynamic constraints. The navigation solutions are estimated based on inertial measurements such as acceleration and angular velocity measurements. To improve the inertial navigation performance, a three-axis magnetometer is used to provide the heading angle, and nonholonomic constraints (NHCs) are introduced to increase the correlation between the velocity and the attitude equation. The NHCs provide a velocity feedback to the attitude, which makes the navigation solution more robust. Additionally, an acceleration-based roll and pitch estimation is applied to decrease the drift when the acceleration is within certain boundaries. The magnetometer and NHCs are combined with an extended Kalman filter. An experimental test was conducted to verify the proposed method, and a comprehensive analysis of the performance in terms of the position, velocity, and attitude showed that the navigation performance could be improved by using the magnetometer and NHCs. Moreover, the proposed method could improve the estimation performance for the position, velocity, and attitude without any additional hardware except an inertial sensor and magnetometer. Therefore, this method would be effective for ground vehicles, indoor navigation, mobile robots, vehicle navigation in urban canyons, or navigation in any global navigation satellite system-denied environment.

Print ISSN: 1687-725X

Digitale ISSN: 1687-7268

Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik

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Study on the Weak Decays (2015)

Junfeng Sun, Lili Chen, Na Wang, Qin Chang, Jinshu Huang, and Yueling Yang

Hindawi

In: Advances in High Energy Physics

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11

Beschreibung: Motivated by the prospects of the potential particle at high-luminosity heavy-flavor experiments, we studied the weak decays, where = , , . The nonfactorizable contributions to hadronic matrix elements are taken into consideration with the QCDF approach. It is found that the CKM-favored decay has branching ratio of , which might be measured promisingly by the future experiments.

Print ISSN: 1687-7357

Digitale ISSN: 1687-7365

Thema: Physik

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Pareto-Ranking Based Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization for Multiobjective Optimization (2015)

Na Tian and Zhicheng Ji

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11

Beschreibung: A study on pareto-ranking based quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) for multiobjective optimization problems is presented in this paper. During the iteration, an external repository is maintained to remember the nondominated solutions, from which the global best position is chosen. The comparison between different elitist selection strategies (preference order, sigma value, and random selection) is performed on four benchmark functions and two metrics. The results demonstrate that QPSO with preference order has comparative performance with sigma value according to different number of objectives. Finally, QPSO with sigma value is applied to solve multiobjective flexible job-shop scheduling problems.

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Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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Pressure Prediction of Coal Slurry Transportation Pipeline Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Kernel Function Extreme Learning Machine (2015)

Xue-cun Yang, Xiao-ru Yan, and Chun-feng Song

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11

Beschreibung: For coal slurry pipeline blockage prediction problem, through the analysis of actual scene, it is determined that the pressure prediction from each measuring point is the premise of pipeline blockage prediction. Kernel function of support vector machine is introduced into extreme learning machine, the parameters are optimized by particle swarm algorithm, and blockage prediction method based on particle swarm optimization kernel function extreme learning machine (PSOKELM) is put forward. The actual test data from HuangLing coal gangue power plant are used for simulation experiments and compared with support vector machine prediction model optimized by particle swarm algorithm (PSOSVM) and kernel function extreme learning machine prediction model (KELM). The results prove that mean square error (MSE) for the prediction model based on PSOKELM is 0.0038 and the correlation coefficient is 0.9955, which is superior to prediction model based on PSOSVM in speed and accuracy and superior to KELM prediction model in accuracy.

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Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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Tyrosine Kinase Ligand-Receptor Pair Prediction by Using Support Vector Machine (2015)

Masayuki Yarimizu, Cao Wei, Yusuke Komiyama, Kokoro Ueki, Shugo Nakamura, Kazuya Sumikoshi, Tohru Terada, and Kentaro Shimizu

Hindawi

In: Advances in Bioinformatics

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12

Beschreibung: Receptor tyrosine kinases are essential proteins involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation in vivo and are heavily involved in allergic diseases, diabetes, and onset/proliferation of cancerous cells. Identifying the interacting partner of this protein, a growth factor ligand, will provide a deeper understanding of cellular proliferation/differentiation and other cell processes. In this study, we developed a method for predicting tyrosine kinase ligand-receptor pairs from their amino acid sequences. We collected tyrosine kinase ligand-receptor pairs from the Database of Interacting Proteins (DIP) and UniProtKB, filtered them by removing sequence redundancy, and used them as a dataset for machine learning and assessment of predictive performance. Our prediction method is based on support vector machines (SVMs), and we evaluated several input features suitable for tyrosine kinase for machine learning and compared and analyzed the results. Using sequence pattern information and domain information extracted from sequences as input features, we obtained 0.996 of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. This accuracy is higher than that obtained from general protein-protein interaction pair predictions.

Print ISSN: 1687-8027

Digitale ISSN: 1687-8035

Thema: Biologie , Informatik

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Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on Frost Heave in Porous Media (2015)

Feng Ming and Dong-qing Li

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12

Beschreibung: For the construction in cold regions, frost heave and thaw settlement are the two factors which must be taken care of. Considered that a saturated soil column was subjected to an overburden pressure to model the ice lens growing process. A typical process, which coupled water, heat, and stress that happened in a saturated freezing soil column, was simulated by the finite element software. We did the numerical simulation under the same conditions as the experiment tests and then compared the results from temperature, frost heave, frozen structure, water content, and water intake. Result shows that the simulation results match well with the experimental results, and the correctness of the mathematical model is validated. On that basis, frost heave amount under different conditions by changing the temperature boundary and loading boundary is obtained. The frost heave has an optimum temperature gradient. Under the optimum value, the frost heave amount increases with increasing temperature gradient. Above the optimum value, frost heave decreases with increasing temperature gradient. Increasing the overburden pressure, frost heave amount always decreases. These results can provide references for the constrictions in cold regions.

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Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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An Unconditionally Stable Method for Solving the Acoustic Wave Equation (2015)

Zhi-Kai Fu, Li-Hua Shi, Zheng-Yu Huang, and Shang-Chen Fu

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12

Beschreibung: An unconditionally stable method for solving the time-domain acoustic wave equation using Associated Hermit orthogonal functions is proposed. The second-order time derivatives in acoustic wave equation are expanded by these orthogonal basis functions. By applying Galerkin temporal testing procedure, the time variable can be eliminated from the calculations. The restriction of Courant-Friedrichs-Levy (CFL) condition in selecting time step for analyzing thin layer can be avoided. Numerical results show the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed method.

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Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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Complete Bilateral Teleoperation System for a Rotorcraft UAV with Time-Varying Delay (2015)

Lucio R. Salinas, Emanuel Slawiñski, and Vicente A. Mut

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12

Beschreibung: This paper proposes the use of simple proportional plus damping injection (P+d) controllers for delayed bilateral teleoperation of a rotorcraft UAV. The proposed control scheme involves P+d remote and local controllers, considers master and slave dynamics, and takes into account asymmetric time-varying delays. The stability of the proposed teleoperation system is analyzed using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and delay-dependent stability criteria are obtained under linear-matrix-inequalities conditions. The performance of the teleoperation scheme is tested driving a virtual nonlinear 6DOF dynamic model of a minihelicopter in a human-in-the-loop simulation.

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Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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Application of the Periodic Average System Model in Dam Deformation Analysis (2015)

Yueqian Shen and Teng Huang

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12

Beschreibung: Dams are among the most important hydraulic engineering facilities used for water supply, flood control, and hydroelectric power. Monitoring of dams is crucial since deformation might have occurred. How to obtain the deformation information and then judge the safe conditions is the key and difficult problem in dam deformation monitoring field. This paper proposes the periodic average system model and creates the concept of “settlement activity” based on the dam deformation issue. Long-term deformation monitoring data is carried out in a pumped-storage power station, this model combined with settlement activity is used to make the single point deformation analysis, and then the whole settlement activity profile is drawn by clustering analysis. Considering the cumulative settlement value of every point, the dam deformation trend is analyzed in an intuitive effect way. The analysis mode of combined single point with multipoints is realized. The results show that the key deformation information of the dam can be easily grasped by the application of the periodic average system model combined with the distribution diagram of settlement activity. And, above all, the ideas of this research provide an effective method for dam deformation analysis.

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Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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The Heat Transfer Coefficient of Recycled Concrete Bricks Combination with EPS Insulation Board Wall (2015)

Jianhua Li and Wanlin Cao

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12

Beschreibung: Four tectonic forms samples were conducted to test their heat transfer coefficients. By analyzing and comparing the test values and theoretical values of the heat transfer coefficient, a corrected-value calculation method for determining the heat transfer coefficient was proposed; the proposed method was proved to be reasonably correct. The results indicated that the recycled concrete brick wall heat transfer coefficient is higher than that of the clay brick wall, the heat transfer coefficient of recycled concrete brick wall could be effectively reduced when combined with the EPS insulation board, and the sandwich insulation type was better than that of external thermal insulation type.

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Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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High diversity stabilizes the thermal resilience of pollinator communities in intensively managed grasslands (2015)

Sara Kühsel; Nico Blüthgen

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12

Beschreibung: Article How variation in species responses to climate may influence the resilience of ecological communities to environmental change is not fully understood. Here, the authors characterize the thermal niches of insect pollinator communities and show that resilience increases along a gradient of land-use intensity. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8989 Authors: Sara Kühsel, Nico Blüthgen

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Oestrogen sulfotransferase ablation sensitizes mice to sepsis (2015)

Xiaojuan Chai; Yan Guo; Mengxi Jiang; Bingfang Hu; Zhigang Li; Jie Fan; Meihong Deng; Timothy R. Billiar; Heidi R. Kucera; Nilesh W. Gaikwad; Meishu Xu; Peipei Lu; Jiong Yan; Haiyan Fu; Youhua Liu; Lushan Yu; Min Huang; Su Zeng; Wen Xie

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12

Beschreibung: Article Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response to bacterial infection, can lead to organ failure and death. Here, Chai et al. investigate the mechanisms behind the septic response and identify the role of oestrogen sulfotransferase in this process in mice. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8979 Authors: Xiaojuan Chai, Yan Guo, Mengxi Jiang, Bingfang Hu, Zhigang Li, Jie Fan, Meihong Deng, Timothy R. Billiar, Heidi R. Kucera, Nilesh W. Gaikwad, Meishu Xu, Peipei Lu, Jiong Yan, Haiyan Fu, Youhua Liu, Lushan Yu, Min Huang, Su Zeng, Wen Xie

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide for highly efficient gene silencing (2015)

Kazutaka Nishina; Wenying Piao; Kie Yoshida-Tanaka; Yumiko Sujino; Tomoko Nishina; Tsuyoshi Yamamoto; Keiko Nitta; Kotaro Yoshioka; Hiroya Kuwahara; Hidenori Yasuhara; Takeshi Baba; Fumiko Ono; Kanjiro Miyata; Koichi Miyake; Punit P. Seth; Audrey Low; Masayuki Yoshida; C. Frank Bennett; Kazunori Kataoka; Hidehiro Mizusawa; Satoshi Obika; Takanori Yokota

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12

Beschreibung: Article Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can repress the expression of specific genes. Here, the authors show that a DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO) with a structure different from ASOs is more potent in suppressing target gene expression, and causes a less adverse effect in mouse liver. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8969 Authors: Kazutaka Nishina, Wenying Piao, Kie Yoshida-Tanaka, Yumiko Sujino, Tomoko Nishina, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, Keiko Nitta, Kotaro Yoshioka, Hiroya Kuwahara, Hidenori Yasuhara, Takeshi Baba, Fumiko Ono, Kanjiro Miyata, Koichi Miyake, Punit P. Seth, Audrey Low, Masayuki Yoshida, C. Frank Bennett, Kazunori Kataoka, Hidehiro Mizusawa, Satoshi Obika, Takanori Yokota

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Two enzymes with redundant fructose bisphosphatase activity sustain gluconeogenesis and virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2015)

Uday Ganapathy; Joeli Marrero; Susannah Calhoun; Hyungjin Eoh; Luiz Pedro Sorio de Carvalho; Kyu Rhee; Sabine Ehrt

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12

Beschreibung: Article Mycobacterium tuberculosis feeds on host fatty acids during infection, a process that requires a fructose bisphosphatase (FBPase) enzyme for gluconeogenesis. Here, Ganapathy et al. show that the bacterium has two different FBPases and that this enzymatic activity is required for full virulence. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8912 Authors: Uday Ganapathy, Joeli Marrero, Susannah Calhoun, Hyungjin Eoh, Luiz Pedro Sorio de Carvalho, Kyu Rhee, Sabine Ehrt

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Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Deficient angiogenesis in redox-dead Cys17Ser PKARIα knock-in mice (2015)

Joseph R. Burgoyne; Olena Rudyk; Hyun-ju Cho; Oleksandra Prysyazhna; Natasha Hathaway; Amanda Weeks; Rachel Evans; Tony Ng; Katrin Schröder; Ralf P. Brandes; Ajay M. Shah; Philip Eaton

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Beschreibung: Article The regulatory subunits (RI) of protein kinase A (PKA) form a disulfide bond in response to cellular hydrogen peroxide. Here the authors show that disulfide-activation of PKARIa regulates VEGF-induced angiogenesis in mice and may represent a new therapeutic target in diseases with abnormal angiogenesis. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8920 Authors: Joseph R. Burgoyne, Olena Rudyk, Hyun-ju Cho, Oleksandra Prysyazhna, Natasha Hathaway, Amanda Weeks, Rachel Evans, Tony Ng, Katrin Schröder, Ralf P. Brandes, Ajay M. Shah, Philip Eaton

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Experimental superposition of orders of quantum gates (2015)

Lorenzo M. Procopio; Amir Moqanaki; Mateus Araújo; Fabio Costa; Irati Alonso Calafell; Emma G. Dowd; Deny R. Hamel; Lee A. RozemaČaslav Brukner; Philip Walther

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-09

Beschreibung: Article It has been conjectured that not only states but also quantum operations can be placed in a superposition of causal order. Here, the authors use a qubit superpose the order in which two photonic gates are applied, which is shown to enable a more efficient detection of their commutation relations. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8913 Authors: Lorenzo M. Procopio, Amir Moqanaki, Mateus Araújo, Fabio Costa, Irati Alonso Calafell, Emma G. Dowd, Deny R. Hamel, Lee A. Rozema, Časlav Brukner, Philip Walther

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Coupling of individual quantum emitters to channel plasmons (2015)

Esteban Bermúdez-Ureña; Carlos Gonzalez-Ballestero; Michael Geiselmann; Renaud Marty; Ilya P. Radko; Tobias Holmgaard; Yury Alaverdyan; Esteban Moreno; Francisco J. García-Vidal; Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi; Romain Quidant

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Beschreibung: Article The confined surface plasmon-polariton modes in plasmonic waveguides are a promising platform for single-photon manipulation in small, coplanar architectures. Here, Bermúdez Ureña et al . demonstrate efficient coupling of a single quantum emitter to the supported modes of a V-groove plasmonic waveguide. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8883 Authors: Esteban Bermúdez-Ureña, Carlos Gonzalez-Ballestero, Michael Geiselmann, Renaud Marty, Ilya P. Radko, Tobias Holmgaard, Yury Alaverdyan, Esteban Moreno, Francisco J. García-Vidal, Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi, Romain Quidant

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Diastereomeric liquid crystal domains at the mesoscale (2015)

Dong Chen; Michael R. Tuchband; Balazs Horanyi; Eva Korblova; David M. Walba; Matthew A. Glaser; Joseph E. Maclennan; Noel A. Clark

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Beschreibung: Article Helical nanofilaments—composed of achiral, bent core molecules—have been shown to assemble into left- and right-handed structures. Here, the authors show diastereomeric interactions on the mesocale between chiral liquid crystal guest compounds and helical nanofilament-based pores. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8763 Authors: Dong Chen, Michael R. Tuchband, Balazs Horanyi, Eva Korblova, David M. Walba, Matthew A. Glaser, Joseph E. Maclennan, Noel A. Clark

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Nanometre-scale probing of spin waves using single-electron spins (2015)

Toeno van der Sar; Francesco Casola; Ronald Walsworth; Amir Yacoby

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Beschreibung: Article Exploring magnetic excitations and spin textures on the nanoscale may lead to new spintronic technologies and new understanding of condensed matter. Here, the authors demonstrate the potential of single-electron spins in diamond to image such excitations by characterizing spin waves in a ferromagnetic microdisc. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8886 Authors: Toeno van der Sar, Francesco Casola, Ronald Walsworth, Amir Yacoby

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Superhydrophobic-like tunable droplet bouncing on slippery liquid interfaces (2015)

Chonglei Hao; Jing Li; Yuan Liu; Xiaofeng Zhou; Yahua Liu; Rong Liu; Lufeng Che; Wenzhong Zhou; Dong Sun; Lawrence Li; Lei Xu; Zuankai Wang

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-09

Beschreibung: Article The impact of drops on surfaces is highly relevant to our daily life and many industrial applications, such as self-cleaning and ink printing. Here, Hao et al . show the transition from superhydrophobic-like drop bouncing, due to a trapped air layer, to substrate-dependent bouncing on a liquid thin film. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8986 Authors: Chonglei Hao, Jing Li, Yuan Liu, Xiaofeng Zhou, Yahua Liu, Rong Liu, Lufeng Che, Wenzhong Zhou, Dong Sun, Lawrence Li, Lei Xu, Zuankai Wang

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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UAV Recharging Opportunities and Policies for Sensor Networks (2015)

Elizabeth Basha, Michael Eiskamp, Jennifer Johnson, and Carrick Detweiler

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12

Beschreibung: Recharging sensor networks using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) provides a possible method for increasing network lifetime. In this paper, we evaluate that approach, determining how much of a benefit it provides and under what conditions. We base our simulations and field experiments on data collected from charging with our UAV-based wireless power transfer system, which has similar transfer ranges and efficiencies as other such systems. We determine that a UAV can increase the network lifetime up to 290% compared to no recharging, that the UAV should recharge 30% of the sensor node battery capacity at one time for the maximum benefit, and that the UAV should recharge the lowest powered node until the network reaches a size of approximately 306 nodes at which point it should recharge the sink. We also examine how the sensor network can aid this through sink selection. The policy varies as network size increases, with a static approach working well until 200 nodes, and then either a perimeter or heuristic approach works best. These results inform future use of UAVs in recharging and working with sensor networks.

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Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik

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An Intelligent Wireless Sensing and Control System to Improve Indoor Air Quality: Monitoring, Prediction, and Preaction (2015)

Tsang-Chu Yu and Chung-Chih Lin

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12

Beschreibung: The aim of this study is to construct an intelligent wireless sensing and control system to address health issues. We combine three technologies including (1) wireless sensing technology to develop an extendable system for monitoring environmental indicators such as temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration, (2) ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) to predict air quality trends and take action before air quality worsens, and (3) fuzzy theory which is applied to build an energy-saving mechanism for feedback control. Experimental results show the following. (1) A longer historical data collected time interval will reduce the effects of abnormal surges on prediction results. We find the ARIMA prediction model accuracy improving from 3.19 ± 3.47% for a time interval of 10 minutes to 1.71 ± 1.45% for a time interval of 50 minutes. (2) The stability experiment shows that the error rate of prediction model is also less than 7.5%. (3) In the energy-saving experiment, fuzzy logic-based decision model can reduce the 55% energy while maintaining adequate air quality.

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Conformal Array Pattern Synthesis and Activated Elements Selection Strategy Based on PSOGSA Algorithm (2015)

Bin Sun, Chunheng Liu, Yang Liu, Xiaofang Wu, Yongzhen Li, and Xuesong Wang

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12

Beschreibung: The pattern synthesis and activated element selection for conformal array is investigated based on hybrid particle swarm optimization-gravitational search algorithm (PSOGSA) in this paper. With the introduction of PSOGSA algorithm which is a novel hybrid optimization technique, the element excitations are optimized to obtain the desired pattern for conformal array in the case of considering uncoupled and coupled element pattern. Numerical simulation and full-wave electromagnetic calculation verify the advantage and efficiency of our method. Then, a novel strategy of activated element selection based on PSOGSA algorithm is proposed for saving the energy consumption in conformal array.

Print ISSN: 1687-5869

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Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik

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Four-Channel Teleoperation with Time-Varying Delays and Disturbance Observers (2015)

Emma Delgado, Pablo Falcón, Miguel Díaz-Cacho, and Antonio Barreiro

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13

Beschreibung: This paper addresses the robust stability of teleoperated systems under the four-channel architecture, affected by time-varying communication delays and using disturbance observers. It is based on our previous work which provides a framework for robust stability against delays with bounded variation and a bounded time-derivative, using structured singular values (SSV). The main new feature here is the inclusion of disturbance observers (DOBs). The DOB concept is well-documented and relevant to many applications, since only position (but not force) measurements are usually available. In this paper, we adapt two DOBs (master and slave) to our generic framework, by representing them as stable, fast filters affected by the uncertainty in the plant modelling. Our main result is an SSV test to verify robust stability. The simulation results confirm the usefulness of this approach.

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Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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Torsion Wave Solutions in Yang-Mielke Theory of Gravity (2015)

Vedad Pasic and Elvis Barakovic

Hindawi

In: Advances in High Energy Physics

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13

Beschreibung: The approach of metric-affine gravity initially distinguishes it from Einstein’s general relativity. Using an independent affine connection produces a theory with 10 + 64 unknowns. We write down the Yang-Mills action for the affine connection and produce the Yang-Mills equation and the so-called complementary Yang-Mills equation by independently varying with respect to the connection and the metric, respectively. We call this theory the Yang-Mielke theory of gravity. We construct explicit spacetimes with pp-metric and purely axial torsion and show that they represent a solution of Yang-Mills theory. Finally we compare these spacetimes to existing solutions of metric-affine gravity and present future research possibilities.

Print ISSN: 1687-7357

Digitale ISSN: 1687-7365

Thema: Physik

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Hom--Operators and Hom-Yang-Baxter Equations (2015)

Yuanyuan Chen and Liangyun Zhang

Hindawi

In: Advances in Mathematical Physics

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13

Beschreibung: In Hom-Lie set, we introduce the concept of Hom--operators and study its relation with classical Hom-Yang-Baxter equation, as well as left-symmetric Hom-algebras. We construct the corresponding relation between left-symmetric Hom-algebras and Hom-1-cocycles, which are both related to classical Hom-Yang-Baxter equation. Moreover, in Hom-algebra setting, we establish the equivalent relationship between AHYBE (associative Hom-Yang-Baxter equations) and -operators on Frobenius monoidal Hom-algebras.

Print ISSN: 1687-9120

Digitale ISSN: 1687-9139

Thema: Mathematik , Physik

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Heat and Mass Transfer for MHD Viscoelastic Fluid Flow over a Vertical Stretching Sheet with Considering Soret and Dufour Effects (2015)

Mohammad Mehdi Rashidi, Mohamed Ali, Behnam Rostami, Peyman Rostami, and Gong-Nan Xie

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13

Beschreibung: The homotopy analysis method (HAM) with two auxiliary parameters is employed to examine heat and mass transfer in a steady two-dimensional magneto hydrodynamic viscoelastic fluid flow over a stretching vertical surface by considering Soret and Dufour effects. The two-dimensional boundary-layer governing partial differential equations are derived by considering the Boussinesq approximation. The highly nonlinear ordinary differential forms of momentum, energy, and concentration equations are obtained by similarity transformation. These equations are solved analytically in the presence of buoyancy force. The effects of different involved parameters such as magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number, buoyancy parameter, Soret number, Dufour number, and Lewis number on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are plotted and discussed. The effect of the second auxiliary parameter is also illustrated. Results show that the effect of increasing Soret number or decreasing Dufour number tends to decrease the velocity and temperature profiles (increase in Sr cools the fluid and reduces the temperature) while enhancing the concentration distribution.

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Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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Application of the Preview Control Method to the Optimal Tracking Control Problem for Continuous-Time Systems with Time-Delay (2015)

Fucheng Liao and Haishan Xu

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13

Beschreibung: This paper considers the application of the preview control method to the optimal tracking control problem for a class of continuous-time systems with state and input delays. First, through a transformation, the system is transformed into a nondelayed one. Then, the tracking problem of the time-delay system is transformed into one of a nondelayed system via processing of the reference signal. We then apply preview control theory to derive an augmented system for the nondelayed system and design a controller with preview function assuming that the reference signal is previewable. Finally, we obtain the optimal control law of the augmented error system and thus obtain that of the original system by letting the preview length of the reference signal go to zero. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and validity of our conclusions.

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Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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Rotation and Magnetic Field Effect on Surface Waves Propagation in an Elastic Layer Lying over a Generalized Thermoelastic Diffusive Half-Space with Imperfect Boundary (2015)

S. M. Abo-Dahab, Kh. Lotfy, and A. Gohaly

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13

Beschreibung: The aim of the present investigation is to study the effects of magnetic field, relaxation times, and rotation on the propagation of surface waves with imperfect boundary. The propagation between an isotropic elastic layer of finite thickness and a homogenous isotropic thermodiffusive elastic half-space with rotation in the context of Green-Lindsay (GL) model is studied. The secular equation for surface waves in compact form is derived after developing the mathematical model. The phase velocity and attenuation coefficient are obtained for stiffness, and then deduced for normal stiffness, tangential stiffness and welded contact. The amplitudes of displacements, temperature, and concentration are computed analytically at the free plane boundary. Some special cases are illustrated and compared with previous results obtained by other authors. The effects of rotation, magnetic field, and relaxation times on the speed, attenuation coefficient, and the amplitudes of displacements, temperature, and concentration are displayed graphically.

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Numerical Investigation of Non-Newtonian Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Rectangular Tubes with Protrusions (2015)

Yonghui Xie, Zheyuan Zhang, Zhongyang Shen, and Di Zhang

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13

Beschreibung: Flow characteristics and heat transfer performances in rectangular tubes with protrusions are numerically investigated in this paper. The thermal heat transfer enhancement of composite structures and flow resistance reduction of non-Newtonian fluid are taken advantage of to obtain a better thermal performance. Protrusion channels coupled with different CMC concentration solutions are studied, and the results are compared with that of smooth channels with water flow. The comprehensive influence of turbulence effects, structural effects, and secondary flow effects on the CMC’s flow in protrusion tubes is extensively investigated. The results indicate that the variation of flow resistance parameters of shear-thinning power-law fluid often shows a nonmonotonic trend, which is different from that of water. It can be concluded that protrusion structure can effectively enhance the heat transfer of CMC solution with low pressure penalty in specific cases. Moreover, for a specific protrusion structure and a fixed flow velocity, there exists an optimal solution concentration showing the best thermal performance.

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Research on Conflict Behavior of Top Management Team in Family Enterprises: A Complex Network Perspective (2015)

Mengyun Wu, Huimin Wu, Tao Xie, and Jie Lu

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13

Beschreibung: At present time, methods of research about top management team’s conflict become more and more prosperous with the help of complex system theory and evolutionary game. Taking family enterprise as an example, this paper makes an attempt on exploring complex network modeling to study data processing method and abstraction method of complex network of TMT conflict. And the paper will consider the attribute and relational mapping of top management team as nodes and edges in complex network to discuss the direct correspondence between complex network structure and management team characteristics. Besides that, according to the multiple attribute decision making, the method to dig into core members of the top management team will be created on the basis of the degree, closeness, cluster coefficient, and betweenness. And then the article will devote to studying the impact of attributes to the inner mechanism of TMT conflict and team cohesion through the network characteristic analysis.

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Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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Improved binding site assignment by high-resolution mapping of RNA–protein interactions using iCLIP (2015)

Christian Hauer; Tomaz Curk; Simon Anders; Thomas Schwarzl; Anne-Marie Alleaume; Jana Sieber; Ina Hollerer; Madhuri Bhuvanagiri; Wolfgang Huber; Matthias W. Hentze; Andreas E. Kulozik

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13

Beschreibung: Article Individual-nucleotide resolution crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) can map RNA binding sites of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Here, the authors report an analysis tool that improves the binding site assignment for some RBPs that have length-dependent broader distribution for their iCLIP fragments. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8921 Authors: Christian Hauer, Tomaz Curk, Simon Anders, Thomas Schwarzl, Anne-Marie Alleaume, Jana Sieber, Ina Hollerer, Madhuri Bhuvanagiri, Wolfgang Huber, Matthias W. Hentze, Andreas E. Kulozik

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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IL10-driven STAT3 signalling in senescent macrophages promotes pathological eye angiogenesis (2015)

Rei Nakamura; Abdoulaye Sene; Andrea Santeford; Abdelaziz Gdoura; Shunsuke Kubota; Nicole Zapata; Rajendra S. Apte

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13

Beschreibung: Article Pathological neovascularization causes blinding eye disease. Here the authors show that IL10 activates STAT3 signalling in the macrophages in the ageing eye, promoting their polarization towards a pro-angiogenic phenotype; interfering with this pathway reverses the pathology in a mouse model. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8847 Authors: Rei Nakamura, Abdoulaye Sene, Andrea Santeford, Abdelaziz Gdoura, Shunsuke Kubota, Nicole Zapata, Rajendra S. Apte

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Effect of a CO2 Laser on the Inhibition of Root Surface Caries Adjacent to Restorations of Glass Ionomer Cement or Composite Resin: An In Vitro Study (2015)

L. C. Daniel, F. C. Araújo, B. R. Zancopé, F. S. Hanashiro, M. Nobre-dos-Santos, M. N. Youssef, and W. C. Souza-Zaroni

Hindawi

In: Scientific World Journal

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13

Beschreibung: This study investigated the effect of CO2 laser irradiation on the inhibition of secondary caries on root surfaces adjacent to glass ionomer cement (GIC) or composite resin (CR) restorations. 40 dental blocks were divided into 4 groups: G1 (negative control): cavity preparation + adhesive restoration with CR; G2: (positive control) cavity preparation + GIC restoration; G3: equal to group 1 + CO2 laser with 6 J/cm2; G4: equal to group 2 + CO2 laser. The blocks were submitted to thermal and pH cycling. Dental demineralization around restorations was quantified using microhardness analyses and Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF). The groups showed no significant differences in mineral loss at depths between 20 μm and 40 μm. At 60 μm, G2 and G3 ≠ G1, but G4 = G1, G2 and G3. At 80 μm, G4 ≠ G1, and at 100 μm, G4 = G2 = G1. At 140 and 220 μm, G2, G3, and G4 = G1. The averages obtained using QFL in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 0.637, 0.162, 0.095, and 0.048, respectively. QLF and microhardness analyses showed that CO2 laser irradiation reduced mineral loss around the CR restorations but that it did not increase the anticariogenic effect of GIC restorations.

Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Trend Change Study of Climate Variables in Xin’anjiang-Fuchunjiang Watershed, China (2015)

Muhammad Zaman, Guohua Fang, Kashif Mehmood, and Muhammad Saifullah

Hindawi

In: Advances in Meteorology

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14

Beschreibung: This study emphasizes the precipitation and the maximum and minimum temperature trend and presents the results of study in temporal and spatial scales, after performing statistical analysis of the Xin’anjiang-Fuchunjiang watershed. Statistical Mann Kendall and Theil Sen techniques were used to determine the trend and its magnitude, respectively, and for determining the start and abrupt change in the trend, Sequential Mann Kendall test has been performed. Furthermore, statistical tests were performed to determine the overall trend in the area at a regional basis. For the removal of the serial effect of the data, prewhitening technique is applied. In this study, statistical tests were performed at 1901–2013 precipitation and temperature series and then after detection of the change year precipitation data were divided into two different scenarios of 1901–1960 period and 1961–2013 period. The results showed that precipitation trend is insignificant while maximum and minimum temperature have increased during 1901–2013 period except for some stations of autumn and summer seasons.

Print ISSN: 1687-9309

Digitale ISSN: 1687-9317

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik

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Feature Extraction in Densely Sensed Environments: Extensions to Multiple Broadcast Domains (2015)

Maryam Vahabi, Vikram Gupta, Michele Albano, Raghuraman Rangarajan, and Eduardo Tovar

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13

Beschreibung: The vision of the Internet of Things (IoT) includes large and dense deployment of interconnected smart sensing and monitoring devices. This vast deployment necessitates collection and processing of large volume of measurement data. However, collecting all the measured data from individual devices on such a scale may be impractical and time-consuming. Moreover, processing these measurements requires complex algorithms to extract useful information. Thus, it becomes imperative to devise distributed information processing mechanisms that identify application-specific features in a timely manner and with low overhead. In this paper, we present a feature extraction mechanism for dense networks that takes advantage of dominance-based medium access control (MAC) protocols to (i) efficiently obtain global extrema of the sensed quantities, (ii) extract local extrema, and (iii) detect the boundaries of events, by using simple transforms that nodes employ on their local data. We extend our results for a large dense network with multiple broadcast domains (MBD). We discuss and compare two approaches for addressing the challenges with MBD and we show through extensive evaluations that our proposed distributed MBD approach is fast and efficient at retrieving the most valuable measurements, independent of the number sensor nodes in the network.

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A Grid-Based Linear Least Squares Self-Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network (2015)

Wei Wang, Haoshan Shi, Pengyu Huang, Dingyi Fang, Xiaojiang Chen, Yun Xiao, and Fuping Wu

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14

Beschreibung: Self-localization is one of the key technologies in the wireless sensor networks (WSN). Some traditional self-localization algorithms can provide a reasonable positioning accuracy only in a uniform and dense network, while for a nonuniform network the performance is not acceptable. In this paper, we presented a novel grid-based linear least squares (LLS) self-localization algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses the grid method to screen the anchors based on the distribution characteristic of a nonuniform network. Furthermore, by taking into consideration the quasi-uniform distribution of anchors in the area, we select suitable anchors to assist the localization. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can greatly enhance the localization accuracy of the anonymous nodes and impose less computation burden compared to traditional Trilateration and Multilateration.

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CTLL: A Cell-Based Transfer Learning Method for Localization in Large Scale Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)

Zhanyong Tang, Jie Zhang, Xiaoqing Gong, Xiaohua Cheng, Xiaojiang Chen, Dingyi Fang, and Wei Wang

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14

Beschreibung: Localization is emerging as a fundamental component in wireless sensor network and is widely used in the field of environmental monitoring, national and military defense, transportation monitoring, and so on. Current localization methods, however, focus on how to improve accuracy without considering the robustness. Thus, the error will increase rapidly when nodes density and SNR (signal to noise ratio) have changed dramatically. This paper introduces CTLL, Cell-Based Transfer Learning Method for Localization in WSNs, a new way for localization which is robust to the variances of nodes density and SNR. The method combines samples transfer learning and SVR (Support Vector Regression) regression model to get a better performance of localization. Unlike past work, which considers that the nodes density and SNR are invariable, our design applies regional division and transfer learning to adapt to the variances of nodes density and SNR. We evaluate the performance of our method both on simulation and realistic deployment. The results show that our method increases accuracy and provides high robustness under a low cost.

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On Minimum-Latency Broadcast in Multichannel Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)

Xianlong Jiao, Weidong Xiao, Bin Ge, and Yuli Chen

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14

Beschreibung: Broadcast has critical significance for wide application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Minimum-latency broadcast (MLB) studies how to devise a broadcast schedule, which can achieve minimum broadcast latency with no signal interference. In multichannel duty-cycled WSNs, nodes can exploit multiple channels to communicate and periodically fall asleep after working for some time. Nevertheless, most solutions to the MLB problem either focus on nonsleeping scenarios or only exploit one single channel. Therefore, we investigate the MLB problem in multichannel duty-cycled WSNs in this paper and call this problem as MLBCD problem. We prove that MLBCD problem is NP-hard. We propose a new concept of active interference graph (AIG). Based on AIG, we present one novel approximation broadcast algorithm called NAB to solve the MLBCD problem. We prove that our proposed NAB algorithm achieves provable performance guarantee. The results of our extensive evaluations show that NAB algorithm can significantly improve the broadcast latency.

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A Group Mining Method for Big Data on Distributed Vehicle Trajectories in WAN (2015)

Jie Yang, Xiaoping Li, Dandan Wang, and Jia Wang

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14

Beschreibung: A distributed parallel clustering method MCR-ACA is proposed by integrating the ant colony algorithm with the computing framework Map-Combine-Reduce for mining groups with the same or similar features from big data on vehicle trajectories stored in Wide Area Network. The heaviest computing burden of clustering is conducted in parallel at local nodes, of which the results are merged to small size intermediates. The intermediates are sent to the central node and clusters are generated adaptively. The great overhead of transferring big volume data is avoided by MCR-ACA, which improves the computing efficiency and guarantees the correctness of clustering. MCR-ACA is compared with an existing parallel clustering algorithm on practical big data collected by the traffic monitoring system of Jiangsu province in China. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for group mining by clustering.

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Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik

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Kalman Filter-Based Indoor Position Tracking with Self-Calibration for RSS Variation Mitigation (2015)

Sangwoo Lee, Bongkwan Cho, Bonhyun Koo, Sanghwan Ryu, Jaehoon Choi, and Sunwoo Kim

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14

Beschreibung: This paper investigates the indoor position tracking problem under the variation of received signal strength (RSS) characteristic from the changes of device statuses and environmental factors. A novel indoor position tracking algorithm is introduced to provide reliable position estimates by integrating motion sensor-based positioning (i.e., dead-reckoning) and RSS-based fingerprinting positioning with Kalman filter. In the presence of the RSS variation, RSS-based fingerprinting positioning provides unreliable results due to different characteristics of RSS measurements in the offline and online phases, and the tracking performance is degraded. To mitigate the effect of the RSS variation, a recursive least square estimation-based self-calibration algorithm is proposed that estimates the RSS variation parameters and provides the mapping between the offline and online RSS measurements. By combining the Kalman filter-based tracking algorithm with the self-calibration, the proposed algorithm can achieve higher tracking accuracy even in severe RSS variation conditions. Through extensive computer simulations, we have shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms other position tracking algorithms without self-calibration.

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A Self-Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Based Multiple Source Localization Algorithm in Binary Sensor Networks (2015)

Long Cheng, Yan Wang, and Shuai Li

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14

Beschreibung: With the development of wireless communication and sensor techniques, source localization based on sensor network is getting more attention. However, fewer works investigate the multiple source localization for binary sensor network. In this paper, a self-adaptive particle swarm optimization based multiple source localization method is proposed. A detection model based on Neyman-Pearson criterion is introduced. Then the maximum likelihood estimator is employed to establish the objective function which is used to estimate the location of sources. Therefore, the multiple-source localization problem is transformed into optimization problem. In order to improve the ability of global search of particle swarm optimization, the self-adaptive particle swarm optimization is used to solve this problem. Various simulations have been conducted, and the results show that the proposed method owns higher localization accuracy in comparison with other methods.

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Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization (2015)

Ziwen Sun, Li Tao, Xinyu Wang, and Zhiping Zhou

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14

Beschreibung: Based on multiobjective particle swarm optimization, a localization algorithm named multiobjective particle swarm optimization localization algorithm (MOPSOLA) is proposed to solve the multiobjective optimization localization issues in wireless sensor networks. The multiobjective functions consist of the space distance constraint and the geometric topology constraint. The optimal solution is found by multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm. Dynamic method is adopted to maintain the archive in order to limit the size of archive, and the global optimum is obtained according to the proportion of selection. The simulation results show considerable improvements in terms of localization accuracy and convergence rate while keeping a limited archive size by a method using the global optimal selection operator and dynamically maintaining the archive.

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Lightweight Anomaly Detection for Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)

Pu Cheng and Minghua Zhu

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14

Beschreibung: Anomaly detection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is critical to ensure the quality of senor data, secure monitoring, and reliable detection of interesting and critical events. The main challenge of anomaly detection algorithm in WSNs is identifying anomalies with high accuracy while consuming minimal resource of the network. In this paper two lightweight anomaly detection algorithms LADS and LADQA are proposed for WSNs. Both algorithms utilize the one-class quarter-sphere support vector machine (QSSVM) and convert the linear optimization problem of QSSVM to a sort problem for the reduced computational complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can keep the lower computational complexity without reducing the accuracy for anomaly detection, compared to QSSVM.

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Robust Observer-Based Feedback Control for Lipschitz Singularly Perturbed Systems (2015)

Yanyan Wang and Wei Liu

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14

Beschreibung: The observer-based feedback control for singularly perturbed systems (SPSs) with Lipschitz constraint is addressed. A sufficient condition, independent of the perturbation parameter, for a full-order observer is presented in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) such that observation error is exponentially stable for all sufficiently small perturbation parameters. Then, for observer-based feedback control, a proper controller is constructed to guarantee the input-to-state stability of the system with regard to the observation error. Considering the convergence of observation error, the stability of the system can be obtained based on the input-to-state stability property. It is shown that the proposed method is simple and easy to operate. Moreover, the upper bound of the small perturbation parameter for stability of systems can be explicitly estimated with a workable computation way. Finally, two numerical examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Print ISSN: 1024-123X

Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147

Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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Direction of Arrival Estimation Based on DDOA and Self-Organizing Map (2015)

Xiuhui Tan, Hongping Hu, Rong Cheng, and Yanping Bai

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14

Beschreibung: An effective two-level self-organizing map (SOM) neural network for direction of arrival (DOA) of sound signals estimation is proposed. The approach is based on the distance difference of arrival (DDOA) and a uniform linear sensor array in a 2D plane; it performs a nonlinear mapping between the DDOA vectors and angles of arrival (AOA). We found that the topological order of DDOA vectors and AOAs of same signals is uniform; thus, the topological order preserving of SOM network makes it valid to estimate AOA through DDOA. From the results of simulations and lake experiments, it is shown that the network has the advantage of accuracy and robustness, can be trained in advance, and is easy to implement.

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Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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A Max-Term Counting Based Knowledge Inconsistency Checking Strategy and Inconsistency Measure Calculation of Fuzzy Knowledge Based Systems (2015)

Hui-lai Zhi

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14

Beschreibung: The task of finding all the minimal inconsistent subsets plays a vital role in many theoretical works especially in large knowledge bases and it has been proved to be a NP-complete problem. In this work, at first we propose a max-term counting based knowledge inconsistency checking strategy. And, then, we put forward an algorithm for finding all minimal inconsistent subsets, in which we establish a Boolean lattice to organize the subsets of the given knowledge base and use leaf pruning to optimize the algorithm efficiency. Comparative experiments and analysis also show the algorithm’s improvement over past approaches. Finally, we give an application for inconsistency measure calculation of fuzzy knowledge based systems.

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On Galileo’s Tallest Column (2015)

Mariano Vázquez Espí, Jaime Cervera Bravo, and Carlos Olmedo Rojas

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13

Beschreibung: The height at which an unloaded column will fail under its own weight was calculated for first time by Galileo for cylindrical columns. Galileo questioned himself if there exists a shape function for the cross section of the column with which it can attain a greater height than the cylindrical column. The problem is not solved since then, although the definition of the so named “constant maximum strength” solids seems to give an affirmative answer to Galileo’s question, in the form of shapes which seem to attain infinite height, even when loaded with a useful load at the top. The main contribution of this work is to show that Galileo’s problem is (i) an important problem for structural design theory of buildings and other structures, (ii) not solved by the time being in any sense, and (iii) an interesting problem for mathematicians involved in related but very different problems (as Euler’s tallest column). A contemporary formulation of the problem is included as a result of a research on the subject.

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Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Anterior Single Implant-Supported Prostheses with Different Bone Anchorages (2015)

Fellippo Ramos Verri, Joel Ferreira Santiago Júnior, Daniel Augusto de Faria Almeida, Ana Caroline Gonçales Verri, Victor Eduardo de Souza Batista, Cleidiel Aparecido Araujo Lemos, Pedro Yoshito Noritomi, and Eduardo Piza Pellizzer

Hindawi

In: Scientific World Journal

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14

Beschreibung: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution of monocortical and bicortical implant placement of external hexagon connection in the anterior region of the maxilla by 3D finite element analysis (FEA). 3D models were simulated to represent a bone block of anterior region of the maxilla containing an implant (4.0 × 10.0 mm) and an implant-supported cemented metalloceramic crown of the central incisor. Different techniques were tested (monocortical, bicortical, and bicortical associated with nasal floor elevation). FEA was performed in FEMAP/NeiNastran software using loads of 178 N at 0°, 30°, and 60° in relation to implant long axis. The von Mises, maximum principal stress, and displacement maps were plotted for evaluation. Similar stress patterns were observed for all models. Oblique loads increased the stress concentration on fixation screws and in the cervical area of the implants and bone around them. Bicortical technique showed less movement tendency in the implant and its components. Cortical bone of apical region showed increase of stress concentration for bicortical techniques. Within the limitations of this study, oblique loading increased the stress concentrations for all techniques. Moreover, bicortical techniques showed the best biomechanical behavior compared with monocortical technique in the anterior maxillary area.

Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X

Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Convexity of Ruin Probability and Optimal Dividend Strategies for a General Lévy Process (2015)

Chuancun Yin, Kam Chuen Yuen, and Ying Shen

Hindawi

In: Scientific World Journal

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14

Beschreibung: We consider the optimal dividends problem for a company whose cash reserves follow a general Lévy process with certain positive jumps and arbitrary negative jumps. The objective is to find a policy which maximizes the expected discounted dividends until the time of ruin. Under appropriate conditions, we use some recent results in the theory of potential analysis of subordinators to obtain the convexity properties of probability of ruin. We present conditions under which the optimal dividend strategy, among all admissible ones, takes the form of a barrier strategy.

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Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

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Divergent sorting of a balanced ancestral polymorphism underlies the establishment of gene-flow barriers in Capsella (2015)

Adrien Sicard; Christian Kappel; Emily B. Josephs; Young Wha Lee; Cindy Marona; John R. Stinchcombe; Stephen I. Wright; Michael Lenhard

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-15

Beschreibung: Article A hybrid incompatibility between Capsella plant species is due to an interaction between two immune regulators. Here, the authors show that highly divergent haplotypes result from balancing selection in the ancestral lineage and their sorting into derived lineages facilitated the evolution of the incompatibility. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8960 Authors: Adrien Sicard, Christian Kappel, Emily B. Josephs, Young Wha Lee, Cindy Marona, John R. Stinchcombe, Stephen I. Wright, Michael Lenhard

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Bacterial physiology: Hip persisters (2015)

Cláudio Nunes-Alves

Springer Nature

In: Nature Reviews Microbiology

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-15

Beschreibung: Nature Reviews Microbiology 13, 526 (2015). doi:10.1038/nrmicro3538 Author: Cláudio Nunes-Alves Persisters are dormant bacterial populations that contribute to multidrug tolerance (MDT) because they are able to escape treatment with most antibiotics, which target metabolically active cells. A new study now characterizes the molecular basis for persister generation involving HipA, a kinase that inhibits protein synthesis

Print ISSN: 1740-1526

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Thema: Biologie , Medizin

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Unveiling the pathogen behind the vacuole (2015)

Peter Liehl; Vanessa Zuzarte-Luis; Maria M. Mota

Springer Nature

In: Nature Reviews Microbiology

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-15

Beschreibung: Nature Reviews Microbiology 13, 589 (2015). doi:10.1038/nrmicro3504 Authors: Peter Liehl, Vanessa Zuzarte-Luis & Maria M. Mota Many clinically relevant pathogens, including certain bacteria and protozoan parasites, have developed an intracellular lifestyle that enables them to nestle in customized vacuoles. Although these pathogens are protected from extracellular defences, recent findings indicate that host cells have evolved multiple strategies to unmask the pathogen

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Thema: Biologie , Medizin

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Mapping molecules in scanning far-field fluorescence nanoscopy (2015)

Haisen Ta; Jan Keller; Markus Haltmeier; Sinem K. Saka; Jürgen Schmied; Felipe Opazo; Philip Tinnefeld; Axel Munk; Stefan W. Hell

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-15

Beschreibung: Article Mapping the distribution of fluorescence molecules, rather than just their emission intensity, can improve super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Here, the authors present a general solution for rendering the number of fluorescent molecules recorded by confocal or STED microscopy. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8977 Authors: Haisen Ta, Jan Keller, Markus Haltmeier, Sinem K. Saka, Jürgen Schmied, Felipe Opazo, Philip Tinnefeld, Axel Munk, Stefan W. Hell

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Position Prediction Based Frequency Control of Beacons in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (2015)

Jizhao Liu and Quan Wang

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-17

Beschreibung: In VANETs, frequent beacon broadcasting can lead to high bandwidth consumption and channel congestion. In this paper, a position prediction based beacon approach is proposed to reduce beacon frequency and decrease bandwidth consumption. Vehicles track their neighbors using the predicted position instead of using periodic beacon broadcasting. Only when the prediction error is higher than a predefined tolerance will a beacon broadcasting be triggered. For improving the prediction accuracy, we classify the motion of vehicles into two typical patterns: a constant speed pattern and a maneuvering pattern. A maneuver detection module is responsible for recognizing current motion patterns, and a variable dimension filter that can switch dynamically between the two patterns is employed to generate high accurate position prediction. The simulation results show the proposed scheme can reduce significantly the number of beacons than three existing beacon approaches.

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Mobile Device Based Dynamic Key Management Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)

Chin-Ling Chen, Chih-Cheng Chen, and De-Kui Li

Hindawi

In: Journal of Sensors

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-17

Beschreibung: In recent years, wireless sensor network (WSN) applications have tended to transmit data hop by hop, from sensor nodes through cluster nodes to the base station. As a result, users must collect data from the base station. This study considers two different applications: hop by hop transmission of data from cluster nodes to the base station and the direct access to cluster nodes data by mobile users via mobile devices. Due to the hardware limitations of WSNs, some low-cost operations such as symmetric cryptographic algorithms and hash functions are used to implement a dynamic key management. The session key can be updated to prevent threats of attack from each communication. With these methods, the data gathered in wireless sensor networks can be more securely communicated. Moreover, the proposed scheme is analyzed and compared with related schemes. In addition, an NS2 simulation is developed in which the experimental results show that the designed communication protocol is workable.

Print ISSN: 1687-725X

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Memory programming in CD8+ T-cell differentiation is intrinsic and is not determined by CD4 help (2015)

Juhyun Kim; Su Jeong Ryu; Keunhee Oh; Ji-Min Ju; Ji Yeong Jeon; Giri Nam; Dong-Sup Lee; Hang-Rae Kim; Joo Young Kim; Jun Chang; Thomas Sproule; Kyungho Choi; Derry Roopenian; Eun Young Choi

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-16

Beschreibung: Article Persistent antigen stimulation can cause exhaustion and unresponsiveness of CD8 cells, impairing the immune response. Here the authors show that increasing the number of CD8 cells, decreasing the antigen load or providing CD4 help can overcome the exhaustion and establish a memory response. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8994 Authors: Juhyun Kim, Su Jeong Ryu, Keunhee Oh, Ji-Min Ju, Ji Yeong Jeon, Giri Nam, Dong-Sup Lee, Hang-Rae Kim, Joo Young Kim, Jun Chang, Thomas Sproule, Kyungho Choi, Derry Roopenian, Eun Young Choi

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Absorption-induced scattering and surface plasmon out-coupling from absorber-coated plasmonic metasurfaces (2015)

Christopher E. Petoukhoff; Deirdre M. O’Carroll

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-16

Beschreibung: Article Plasmonic surfaces are used as two-dimensional metamaterials for light manipulation on nanoscale, and their optical properties can be further tuned by coating. Here the authors report a new absorption-induced scattering mode in a silver nanoparticle array coated with semiconducting organic absorbers. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8899 Authors: Christopher E. Petoukhoff, Deirdre M. O’Carroll

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Tectonic control on the persistence of glacially sculpted topography (2015)

Günther Prasicek; Isaac J. Larsen; David R. Montgomery

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-16

Beschreibung: Article U-shaped glacial valleys dominate 〉10 ka since the last major glaciation and the transitions from glacier-dominated to fluvial regimes are poorly understood. Here, the authors use digital topographic data to show that glacial topography is rapidly replaced by fluvial topography where rock uplift rates are high. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms9028 Authors: Günther Prasicek, Isaac J. Larsen, David R. Montgomery

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

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Energy Efficient Cooperative Sleep Control Using Small Cell for Wireless Networks (2015)

Yuan Gao, Yi Li, Hongyi Yu, Xianfeng Wang, Shihai Gao, and Peng Xue

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-17

Beschreibung: The demand for higher throughput and more reliable quality of service (QoS) explosive increases the number of base stations in future wireless networks, which causes severe energy waste problems in wireless networks, especially when base stations are in low traffic load status. This paper has two main contributions: first of all, we propose a semistatic energy efficient method to find out the optimal on-off pattern considering the interference from adjacent base stations using integer convex optimization, from which the optimal on-off proportion of base stations could be obtained; then we propose a novel energy efficient cooperative heuristic algorithm in dynamic scenario, by separating the waiting time into two independent Markov processes using the new method; the total power consumption could be reduced significantly by adopting the novel method. Compared with reference method, simulation results indicate that in semistatic scenario, the total system power consumption could be reduced up to 26%, and, in dynamic scenario, the system power consumption could be reduced up to 40%.

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Determining Sensor Locations in Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)

Zimao Li and Wenying Xiao

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-17

Beschreibung: Network lifetime plays an important role in the design of wireless sensor networks. This paper studies the problem of prolonging the wireless sensor network’s lifetime, through introducing additional sensors at proper locations to achieve the goal of minimizing the length of the longest edge in the network. The problem is in fact the bottleneck Steiner tree problem, trying to find a Steiner tree minimizing the length of the longest edges for the given terminals in the Euclidean plane by introducing at most Steiner points. A restricted bottleneck Steiner tree problem is studied in this paper, which requires that only degree 3 Steiner points are not allowed to be adjacent in the optimal solution. We show that the restricted problem is MAX-SNP hard and cannot be approximated within performance ratio in polynomial time unless = NP; we first propose a polynomial time -approximation algorithm and then improve the ratio to for any given , by presenting a polynomial time randomized approximation algorithm, which is almost optimal to the restricted problem.

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A Task Allocation Algorithm Based on Score Incentive Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)

Feng Wang, Guangjie Han, Jinfang Jiang, Wei Li, and Lei Shu

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-17

Beschreibung: A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of many resource constraint sensor nodes, which are always deployed in unattended environment. Therefore, the sensor nodes are vulnerable to failure and malicious attacks. The failed nodes have a heavily negative impact on WSNs’ real-time services. Therefore, we propose a task allocation algorithm based on score incentive mechanism (TASIM) for WSNs. In TASIM, the score is proposed to reward or punish sensor nodes’ task execution in cluster-based WSNs, where cluster heads are responsible for task allocation and scores’ calculation. Based on the task scores, cluster members can collaborate with each other to complete complex tasks. In addition, the uncompleted tasks on failed nodes can be timely migrated to other cluster members for further execution. Furthermore, the uncompleted tasks on death nodes can be reallocated by cluster heads. Simulation results demonstrate that TASIM is quite suitable for real-time task allocation. In addition, the performance of the TASIM is clearly better than that of conventional task allocation algorithms in terms of both network load balance and energy consumption.

Print ISSN: 1550-1329

Digitale ISSN: 1550-1477

Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik

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Research on Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations Based on Improved PSO (2015)

Yugui Li, Yanxu Wei, and Yantao Chu

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-17

Beschreibung: Solving systems of nonlinear equations is perhaps one of the most difficult problems in all of numerical computations, especially in a diverse range of engineering applications. The convergence and performance characteristics can be highly sensitive to the initial guess of the solution for most numerical methods such as Newton’s method. However, it is very difficult to select reasonable initial guess of the solution for most systems of nonlinear equations. Besides, the computational efficiency is not high enough. Aiming at these problems, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (imPSO) is proposed, which can overcome the problem of selecting reasonable initial guess of the solution and improve the computational efficiency. The convergence and performance characteristics of this method are demonstrated through some standard systems. The results show that the improved PSO for solving systems of nonlinear equations has reliable convergence probability, high convergence rate, and solution precision and is a successful approach in solving systems of nonlinear equations.

Print ISSN: 1024-123X

Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147

Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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Conformational states of the full-length glucagon receptor (2015)

Linlin Yang; Dehua Yang; Chris de Graaf; Arne Moeller; Graham M. West; Venkatasubramanian Dharmarajan; Chong Wang; Fai Y. Siu; Gaojie Song; Steffen Reedtz-Runge; Bruce D. Pascal; Beili Wu; Clinton S. Potter; Hu Zhou; Patrick R. Griffin; Bridget Carragher; Huaiyu Yang; Ming-Wei Wang; Raymond C. Stevens; Hualiang Jiang

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-02

Beschreibung: Article G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane signaling proteins in humans and exhibit diverse activation mechanisms. Here, the authors combine electron microscopy, hydrogen deuterium exchange and Molecular dynamics simulations to gain insight into the activation mechanism of the glucagon receptor. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8859 Authors: Linlin Yang, Dehua Yang, Chris de Graaf, Arne Moeller, Graham M. West, Venkatasubramanian Dharmarajan, Chong Wang, Fai Y. Siu, Gaojie Song, Steffen Reedtz-Runge, Bruce D. Pascal, Beili Wu, Clinton S. Potter, Hu Zhou, Patrick R. Griffin, Bridget Carragher, Huaiyu Yang, Ming-Wei Wang, Raymond C. Stevens, Hualiang Jiang

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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Single-atom electron energy loss spectroscopy of light elements (2015)

Ryosuke Senga; Kazu Suenaga

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-02

Beschreibung: Article Light atoms are hardly visible through standard microscopy techniques, because of their smaller scattering power and higher knock-on probability. Here, the authors present an approach to probe light atoms by means of electron energy loss spectroscopy, relying on inelastically scattered electrons. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8943 Authors: Ryosuke Senga, Kazu Suenaga

Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von Springer Nature

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Kalman Filter Sensor Fusion for Mecanum Wheeled Automated Guided Vehicle Localization (2015)

Sang Won Yoon, Seong-Bae Park, and Jong Shik Kim

Hindawi

In: Journal of Sensors

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-30

Beschreibung: The Mecanum automated guided vehicle (AGV), which can move in any direction by using a special wheel structure with a LIM-wheel and a diagonally positioned roller, holds considerable promise for the field of industrial electronics. A conventional method for Mecanum AGV localization has certain limitations, such as slip phenomena, because there are variations in the surface of the road and ground friction. Therefore, precise localization is a very important issue for the inevitable slip phenomenon situation. So a sensor fusion technique is developed to cope with this drawback by using the Kalman filter. ENCODER and StarGazer were used for sensor fusion. StarGazer is a position sensor for an image recognition device and always generates some errors due to the limitations of the image recognition device. ENCODER has also errors accumulating over time. On the other hand, there are no moving errors. In this study, we developed a Mecanum AGV prototype system and showed by simulation that we can eliminate the disadvantages of each sensor. We obtained the precise localization of the Mecanum AGV in a slip phenomenon situation via sensor fusion using a Kalman filter.

Print ISSN: 1687-725X

Digitale ISSN: 1687-7268

Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik

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Network Coding for Severe Packet Reordering in Multihop Wireless Networks (2015)

Chansook Lim

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-04

Beschreibung: Network coding is known to be effective in overcoming packet losses and packet reordering in multihop wireless networks. Despite the benefits, network coding is hard to deploy without being compatible with TCP. To address this problem, a seminal paper proposed a network coding scheme that adopts an ACK-based sliding-widow network coding approach. In this paper we show that the previous scheme may not suffice to mitigate the effects of packets received out of order in multipath wireless networks where severe packet reordering persists. We propose a modified network coding layer where the receiver acknowledges every degree of freedom by using the sequence number of a newly seen packet instead of using that of the oldest unseen packet so that the network coding layer can be compatible with a TCP variant for severe packet reordering. To reduce the decoding matrix size and the coding buffer size, our scheme allows retransmission at the network coding layer. Simulation results show that our scheme outperforms the exiting scheme in multipath wireless networks particularly when severe packet reordering persists.

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Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik

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A Compact Experimental Planar Antenna with a USB Connector for Mobile Phone Application (2015)

Cheng-Hung Lin and Kwong-Kau Tiong

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-04

Beschreibung: A practical antenna design combined with a universal serial bus (USB) connector in close vicinity is proposed. In the proposed arrangement, the antenna unit consisted of two planar inverted F antennas (PIFAs) placed on the two sides of the USB connector. The antenna is located at the bottom of the mobile phone to avoid the crowded space on the top side of the phone where various mobile phone accessories are usually assigned. A diplexer is incorporated in the unit to alleviate the adverse effect of the metal USB connector on the radiating efficiency of the antenna. A prototype antenna was fabricated and tested and showed good coverage for GSM850/900/1800/1900, UMTS2100, and LTE700/2500 multibands operation. The overall performances demonstrated the good design of the proposed unit for mobile phone application.

Print ISSN: 1687-5869

Digitale ISSN: 1687-5877

Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik

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Localization in an Industrial Environment: A Case Study on the Difficulties for Positioning in a Harsh Environment (2015)

Michael Hölzl, Roland Neumeier, and Gerald Ostermayer

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-04

Beschreibung: While indoor localization has become a highly growing application domain in the last few years, it is hardly investigated in industrial environments. Interferences of magnetic fields, shadowing, and multipath propagation discourage positioning system vendors from porting their techniques to these harsh environments. However, the actual influence of these interferences on the positioning accuracy and the differences between an industrial and a nonindustrial environment have never been evaluated. This paper analyzes the actual differences for a positioning technique that is based on Wi-Fi fingerprinting, map matching, dead reckoning, filtering, and a plausibility determination. An investigation of the Wi-Fi signal strengths and compass sensor values in an industrial and a nonindustrial environment thereby showed that the differences between them are significant. In fact, it shows that more interferences and shadowing in the industrial environment resulted in even more accurate positioning.

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Design and Testing of a Shell-Encapsulated Solar Collector with the Compound Surface Concentrators (2015)

Hongfei Zheng, Gang Wu, Jing Dai, and Yanyan Ma

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Photoenergy

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-04

Beschreibung: This paper presents design and testing of a shell-encapsulated solar collector which can be used in north area of China for wall-amounting installation. The designed solar collector is based on the combination of a novel compound curved surface concentrator and an aluminum concentric solar receiver, which is contained in a glass evacuated-tube. As there is no perforative joint between the double-skin glass evacuated-tube and the aluminum concentric solar receiver, the difficulty of vacuum keeping for a glass-metal joint is avoided. The cavity shell provides an additional thermal insulation to reduce heat loss of the designed solar collector. The working principle of the compound curved surface concentrator is described. The ray-tracing results are given to show the effect of deviation angle of the concentrator on its optical efficiency, hence determining its maximum acceptance angle. A prototype of the designed solar collector has been constructed and tested under the sunny winter weather condition. The experimental results indicate that the hot water temperature higher than 80°C with a daily average efficiency of about 45~50% has been achieved at the average ambient temperature below 0°C, so the designed solar collector can produce hot water at a useful temperature in winter.

Print ISSN: 1110-662X

Digitale ISSN: 1687-529X

Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Energietechnik

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Asymptotic Behavior of Weak Solutions to the Generalized Nonlinear Partial Differential Equation Model (2015)

Min Wu and Yousheng Wu

Hindawi

In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-30

Beschreibung: This paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of weak solutions to the generalized nonlinear partial differential equation model. It is proved that every perturbed weak solution of the perturbed generalized nonlinear partial differential equations asymptotically converges to the solution of the original system under the large perturbation.

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Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein

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Normal Forms of Hopf Bifurcation for a Reaction-Diffusion System Subject to Neumann Boundary Condition (2015)

Cun-Hua Zhang and Xiang-Ping Yan

Hindawi

In: Journal of Applied Mathematics

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-04

Beschreibung: A reaction-diffusion system coupled by two equations subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary condition on one-dimensional spatial domain with is considered. According to the normal form method and the center manifold theorem for reaction-diffusion equations, the explicit formulas determining the properties of Hopf bifurcation of spatially homogeneous and nonhomogeneous periodic solutions of system near the constant steady state are obtained.

Print ISSN: 1110-757X

Digitale ISSN: 1687-0042

Thema: Mathematik

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Development of an Inexpensive Sensor Network for Recognition of Sitting Posture (2015)

Ricardo Barba, Ángel P. de Madrid, and Jesús G. Boticario

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-03

Beschreibung: The aim of this work is the development of a network of wireless devices to determine, along with a time-stamp, postural changes of users that are to be used in personalized learning environments. For this purpose, we have designed a basic low-cost pressure sensor that can be built from components easily available. Several of these basic sensors (of sizes and shapes chosen specifically for the task) are integrated into a posture sensor cushion, which is electronically controlled by an Arduino microcontroller board. This accounts for experiments involving either a single cushion to be used by an individual end-user setting approach or classroom approaches where several of these cushions make up a sensor network via ZigBee wireless connections. The system thus formed is an excellent alternative to other more expensive commercial systems and provides a low-cost, easy-to-use, portable, scalable, autonomous, flexible solution with free hardware and software, which can be integrated with other sensing devices into a larger affect detection system, customizable to cope with postural changes at required time intervals and support single and collective oriented experimentation approaches.

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Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik

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A Building-Block Favoring Method for the Topology Optimization of Internal Antenna Design (2015)

Yen-Sheng Chen

Hindawi

In: International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-03

Beschreibung: This paper proposes a new design technique for internal antenna development. The proposed method is based on the framework of topology optimization incorporated with three effective mechanisms favoring the building blocks of associated optimization problems. Conventionally, the topology optimization of antenna structures discretizes a design space into uniform and rectangular pixels. However, the defining length of the resultant building blocks is so large that the problem difficulty arises; furthermore, the order of the building blocks becomes extremely high, so genetic algorithms (GAs) and binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) are not more efficient than the random search algorithm. In order to form tight linkage groups of building blocks, this paper proposes a novel approach to handle the design details. In particular, a nonuniform discretization is adopted to discretize the design space, and the initialization of GAs is assigned as orthogonal arrays (OAs) instead of a randomized population; moreover, the control map of GAs is constructed by ensuring the schema growth based on the generalized schema theorem. By using the proposed method, two internal antennas are thus successfully developed. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed technique significantly outperforms the conventional topology optimization.

Print ISSN: 1687-5869

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Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik

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