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  • 1
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    Stress strain data of experimentally deformed Carrara marble in the semi-brittle field (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-03
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The data set contains stress-strain data of Carrara marble experimentally deformed in triaxial compression at temperatures of 20 – 800°C, confining pressures of 30 – 300 MPa, and strain rates between 10-3 and 10-6 s-1. This range covers conditions, at witch marble deforms in the semi-brittle regime, i.e., strength depends on all parameters, but with different sensitivity. Semi-brittle deformation behavior is expected to be important in the mid continental crust. The experiments were conducted in the Experimental Rock Deformation Laboratory of the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany. The data are separated into 91 individual ASCII files, one for each sample. The corresponding temperature, pressure and strain rate conditions are listed in Tab. 1. of the data description and in the associated work by Rybacki et al. (submitted).
    Description: Methods
    Description: Cylindrical samples were prepared from Carrara marble (Bianco Lorano, Apuane Alps, Italy). Samples denoted CMxx, where xx is sample number, were 20 mm long and 10 mm in diameter; samples Mbxx were 60 mm long and 30 mm in diameter. Both set of samples were dry and deformed in two different deformation apparatuses using Argon gas as confining medium. Raw data were axial force and axial displacement, measured with a load cell and LVDT, respectively. Raw data (axial force and displacement) were converted to stress and strain assuming constant volume deformation. All data are corrected for system compliance and jacket strength.
    Keywords: marble ; semi-brittle deformation ; creep ; twinning-induced plasticity ; EPOS ; European Plate Observing System ; multi-scale laboratories ; rock and melt physical properties ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 SEDIMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRAIN ; Patterson Apparatus ; Strength 〉 Triaxial Compressive Strength
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 2
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    Paleosecular variation data for marine isotope stage 6 from SE Black Sea sediments (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-18
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data publication includes stacked paleomagnetic data, inclinations, declinations, and relative paleointensities, for the time interval 120 to 180 ka, comprising data from twelve sediment cores recovered from the Arkhangelsky Ridge in the Southeastern Black Sea; German RV Meteor expedition M72/5 in 2007: M72/5-22GC6, M72/5-22GC8; German RV Maria S. Merian expedition MSM33 in 2013: MSM33-51-3, MSM33-52-1, MSM33-54-3, MSM33-56-1, MSM33-57-1, MSM33-60-1, MSM33-61-1, MSM33-62-2, MSM33-63-1, MSM33-64-1. The data are also described in Nowaczyk et al. (2021). Sediment cores were recovered using gravitiy and piston corers. For paleo- and mineral-magnetic analyses clear plastic boxes of 20×20×15 mm were pressed into the split halves of the generally 1 m long sections of the sediment cores. Data are provided as six ASCII files (.dat, one for each core) with metadata header, followed by 12 data columns and are decribed in the associated data description file (pdf).
    Keywords: sediment magnetization ; Black Sea ; Palaeomagnetism ; Magnetic properties ; Palaeointensity ; Magnetic fabrics and anisotropy ; EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; paleomagnetic and magnetic data ; paleomagnetic data ; Core ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 MAGNETIC DECLINATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 MAGNETIC INCLINATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 MAGNETIC INTENSITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 PALEOMAGNETISM ; remanent magnetisation 〉 demagnetisation type AF ; Sedimentary
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 3
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    Rock magnetic data from sediments from the Arkhangelsky Ridge, SE Black Sea, II - cores from expedition MSM33, German RV Maria S. Merian, 2013 (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-18
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data publication includes standard rock magnetic data related to concentration, coercivity and magneto-mineralogy versus depth from twelve sediment cores recovered from the Arkhangelsky Ridge in the Southeastern Black Sea, German RV Maria S. Merian expedition MSM33 in 2013: MSM33-51-3, MSM33-52-1, MSM33-53-1, MSM33-54-3, MSM33-55-1, MSM33-56-1, MSM33-57-1, MSM33-60-1, MSM33-61-1, MSM33-62-2, MSM33-63-1, MSM33-64-1. The data are related to publications by Liu et al. (2018, 2019, 2020), Liu (2019) and Nowaczyk et al. (2012, 2013, 2018, 2021a, b). Sediment cores were recovered using gravitiy and piston corers. For paleo- and rock magnetic analyses clear plastic boxes of 20×20×15 mm were pressed into the split halves of the generally 1 m long sections of the sediment cores. Data are provided as 12 ASCII files (.dat, one for each core) with metadata header and are decribed in the associated data description file (pdf).
    Keywords: sediment magnetization ; Black Sea ; Palaeomagnetism ; Magnetic properties ; Palaeointensity ; Magnetic fabrics and anisotropy ; EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; paleomagnetic and magnetic data ; paleomagnetic data ; Core ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 MAGNETIC DECLINATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 MAGNETIC INCLINATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 MAGNETIC INTENSITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 PALEOMAGNETISM ; remanent magnetisation 〉 demagnetisation type AF ; Sedimentary
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  • 4
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    Microstructural and stress data from HR-EBSD and STEM analyses of olivine deformed by low-temperature plasticity (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset is supplemental to the paper Wallis et al. (2020) and contains data derived from syn-chrotron X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), high-angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The da-taset consists primarily of measurements of the effect of annealing on stress heterogeneity meas-ured by X-ray diffraction; maps of lattice orientation measured by EBSD; maps of lattice rotations, densities of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs), and heterogeneity in residual stress measured by HR-EBSD; and images of dislocations obtained by STEM. Data are provided as 66 tab delimited text files organised and labelled by the figure in which they first appear within Wallis et al. (2020). Table 1 of the data description file presents an overview of the datasets and Table 2 provides a description of each data file. Data types are also indicated in the file names.
    Keywords: Low-temperature plasticity ; olivine ; synchrotron X-ray diffraction ; electron backscatter diffraction ; EBSD ; high-angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction ; HR-EBSD ; scanning transmission electron microscopy ; STEM ; geometrically necessary dislocation ; GND ; residual stress ; EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; rock and melt physical properties ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 IGNEOUS ROCKS 〉 IGNEOUS ROCK PHYSICAL/OPTICAL PROPERTIES 〉 HARDNESS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 MINERALS 〉 MINERAL PHYSICAL/OPTICAL PROPERTIES 〉 COMPOSITION/TEXTURE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 MINERALS 〉 MINERAL PHYSICAL/OPTICAL PROPERTIES 〉 HARDNESS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRAIN ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; Hardness ; Multi Anvil ; olivine ; Strength 〉 Yield Strength ; Triaxial
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  • 5
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    Ring-shear test data of quartz sand – silicate cenospheres mixtures used for analogue experiments at the Institute of Geophysics of the Czech Academy of Science, Prague (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-03
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) for mixtures of quartz sand and sili-cate cenospheres, which are used for analog experiments in the laboratory of the Institute of Geo-physics of the Czech Academy of Science (IG CAS) (Warsitzka et al., 2021). The mixtures have been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesion C as a remote service by the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. According to our analysis the materials show a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope. Peak friction coefficients µP of the tested materials range between 0.55 and 0.75, dynamic friction coefficients µD between 0.47 and 0.60 and reactivation friction coefficients µR be-tween 0.52 and 0.65. Cohesions of the materials vary between 20 and 120 Pa. The materials show a minor rate-weakening of 〈1.2% per ten-fold change in shear velocity v.
    Keywords: EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; Cohesion ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; earth interior setting 〉 crust setting 〉 continental-crustal setting 〉 upper continental crustal setting ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 CALIBRATION/VALIDATION ; fault ; Force sensor ; Friction coefficient ; Iron Powder ; Ring-shear tester ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; tectonic and structural features
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 6
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    Digital image correlation data from analogue modelling experiments addressing the influence of basin geometry on gravity-driven salt tectonics at the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Rennes (F) (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes the results of digital image correlation of 35 brittle-viscous experiments on gravitational salt tectonics performed at the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Rennes 1 (UR1). The experiments demonstrate the influence of basin geometry on gravity-driven salt tectonics. Detailed descriptions of the experiments can be found in Zwaan et al. (2021) to which this data set is supplementary. The data presented here consist of movies and images displaying the cumulative analogue model surface displacement, digital elevation models as well as profiles of the downslope cumulative displacements and surface elevation.
    Keywords: EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; analog models of geologic processes ; salt tectonics ; analog modelling results ; diapir ; Digital Image Correlation (DIC) / Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 〉 StrainMaster (La Vision GmbH) ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 PLATE BOUNDARIES ; earth surface setting 〉 subaqueus setting 〉 marine setting ; fold-and-thrust belt ; Gravity sliding simulator ; normal fault ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; sedimentary process 〉 deposition ; Silicon/Silly putty/PDMS ; slope and gravitational features ; SLR camera ; Structure from Motion (SfM) 〉 Photoscan (Agisoft) ; tectonic process 〉 continental_breakup ; tectonic setting 〉 passive continental margin setting
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 7
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    Digital Image Correlation of strike slip experiments in wet kaolin at different strain rates and boundary conditions (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The data set includes the digital image correlation of 16 dextral strike-slip experiments performed at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst (USA). The DIC data sets were used for a machine learning project to build a CNN that can predict off-fault deformation from active fault trace maps. The experimental set up and methods are described with the main text and supplement to Chaipornkaew et al (in prep). To map active fault geometry and calculate the off-fault deformation we use the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to produce incremental horizontal displacement maps. Strain maps of the entire region of interest can be calculated from the displacements maps to determine the fault maps and estimate off-fault strain throughout the Region of Interest (ROI). We subdivide each ROI into five subdomains, windows, for training the CNN. This allows a larger dataset from the experimental results. The data posted here include the incremental displacement time series and animations of strain for the entire ROI.
    Description: Methods
    Description: We document the evolution of dextral strike-slip faults within wet kaolin loaded within a split box. All experiments used a 2.5 cm claybox but we varied 1) the loading rate from 0.25 to 1.5 mm/min, and the localized or distributed basal shear (abutting basalt plates or 2.5 cm wide elastic sheet respectively). All experiments were repeated twice. Red and black sand grains distributed on the surface of the clay provide the pixel variation that allow us to calculate the incremental horizontal displacement fields from the photos of the clay surface using DIC techniques. The distribution of sand and timing of photos are set to optimize both data resolution and displacement uncertainty. allows for 〈0.01 mm uncertainty of horizontal displacement between successive images of our experiment measured at points with spacing of 1 mm. We use the matlab based PIVlab (Thielicke,2019) with a fast Fourier transform three-pass filter to optimize displacement resolution. Through the three passes with linear interpolation, the initial window size of 64 pixels reduces to 16 pixels, which corresponds to incremental displacement data every 0.89 mm. The resulting displacements vary along the edges of the ROI far from faults with mean standard of deviation of 〈0.01 mm. We consider this to be the uncertainty of the incremental displacements.
    Keywords: EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; analog models of geologic processes ; analog modelling results ; software tools ; analog experiments ; fault evolution ; strike-slip ; wet kaolin ; Clay ; deformation 〉 shearing ; Digital Image Correlation (DIC) / Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) ; Matlab (Mathworks) ; Shear box ; SLR camera ; Surface image ; tectonic setting 〉 plate margin setting 〉 transform plate boundary setting ; wrench fault
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  • 8
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    CT data, PIV analysis results and surface view videos of analogue models of interacting crustal and mantle weaknesses during rifting (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-16
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes videos depicting the surface evolution (time laps photographs and Particle Image Velocimetry or PIV analsys) of 15 analogue models on rift tectonics, as well as 4D CT imagery (figures and videos) from four of these experiments. The experiments examined the influence of differently oriented mantle and crustal weaknesses on rift system development using a brittle-viscous set-up. All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of the University of Bern (UB). Detailed descriptions of the experiments and monitoring techniques can be found in Zwaan et al. (2021).
    Keywords: EPOS ; European Plate Observing System ; analogue models of geologic processes ; analogue modelling results ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION RATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT RATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 LITHOSPHERIC PLATE MOTION 〉 PLATE MOTION DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 LITHOSPHERIC PLATE MOTION 〉 PLATE MOTION RATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 PLATE BOUNDARIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRAIN
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  • 9
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    RST-Stick-Slipy (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: RST-Stick-Slipy is a software that analyzes the stick-slip characteristics of granular material tested with the ring shear tester RST.pc01 at the Helmholtz Tectonic Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec). This software uses the time series created by the machine to automatically detect slip events and analyses several statistical properties depending on the type of test. Using the detected slip events the reloading stiffness and other properties such as recurrence times and stress drops are calculated. Further statistical properties such as the timing and stress level of slow and fast events are determined. Another segment of the module automatically analyses Slide-Hold-Slide experiments and determines the healing rate and other rate-and-state properties.
    Description: TechnicalInfo
    Description: License: GNU General Public License, Version 3, 29 June 2007 Copyright © 2021 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany RST-Stick-Slipy is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. RST-Stick-Slipy is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see 〈http://www.gnu.org/licenses/〉.
    Keywords: rate-and-state friction ; granular media ; EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; software tools ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; analysis 〉 data analysis ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION
    Type: Software , Software
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  • 10
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    Ring Shear and Slide-Hold-Slide Test Measurements for Soda-Lime Glassbeads of 300-400µm diameter used at the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling, Potsdam, Germany (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set provides two series of experiments from ring-shear tests (RST) on glass beads that are in use at the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. The main experimental series contains shear experiments to analyse the slip behaviour of the granular material under analogue experiment conditions. Additionally, a series of slide-hold-slide (SHS) tests was used to determine the rate and state friction properties. A basic characterisation and average friction coefficients of the glass beads are found in Pohlenz et al. (2020). The glass beads show a slip behaviour that is depending on loading rate, normal stress and apparatus stiffness which were varied systematically for this study. The apparatus was modified with springs resulting in 4 different stiffnesses. For each stiffness a set of 4 experiments with different normal stresses (5, 10, 15 and 20 kPa) were performed. During each experiment loading rate was decreased from 0.02 to 0.0008 mm/s resulting in 9 subsets of constant velocity for each experiment. We observe a large variety of slip modes that ranges from pure stick-slip to steady state creep. The main characteristics of these slip modes are the slip velocity and the ratio of slip event duration compared to no slip phases. We find that high loading rates promote stable slip, while low loading rates lead to stick-slip cycles. Lowering the normal stress leads to a larger amount of creep which changes the overall shape of a stick-slip curve and extends the time between slip events. Changing stiffness leads to an overall change in slip behaviour switching from simple stick-slip to more complex patterns of slip modes including oscillations and bimodal slip events with large and small events. The SHS tests were done at maximum stiffness and higher loading rates (〉0.05 mm/s) but at the same normal stress intervals as the main series. Using various techniques, we estimate the rate-and-state constitutive parameters. The peak stress after a certain amount of holding increases with a healing rate of b=0.0057±0.0005. From the increase in peak stress compared to the loading rate in slide-hold-slide tests we compute a direct effect a=-0.0076±0.0005 which leads to (a-b)=-0.0130±0.0006. Using a specific subset of the SHS tests, which have an equal ratio of hold time to reloading rate, we estimate (a-b)=-0.0087±0.0029. Both approaches show that the material is velocity weakening with a reduction in friction of 1.30 to 0.87 % per e-fold increase in loading rate. Additionally, the critical slip distance Dc is estimated to be in the range of 200 µm. With these parameters the theoretical critical stiffness kc is estimated and applied to the slip modes found in the main series. We find that the changes in slip mode are in good agreement with the estimated critical stiffness and thus confirm the findings from the SHS tests.
    Keywords: EPOS ; Rate-and-State Friction ; Slide-Hold-Slide Test ; European Plate Observing System ; multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; software tools ; deformation 〉 shearing ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 SOILS 〉 SOIL MECHANICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT ; fault ; Force sensor ; Friction coefficient ; geolocical hydrogeological 〉 earthquake ; Microspheres 〉 Glassy ; Python ; Rate-state parameters ; Ring-shear tester
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  • 11
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    PIV and topographic analysis data from analogue experiments involving 3D structural inheritance and multiphase rifting (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes videos depicting the surface evolution (time-lapse photographs and Particle Image Velocimetry or PIV analysis) of 38 analogue models, in five model series (A-E), simulating rift tectonics. In these experiments we examined the influence of differently oriented mantle and crustal weaknesses on rift system development during multiphase rifting (i.e. rifting involving changing divergence directions or -rates) using brittle-viscous set-ups. All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of the University of Bern (UB). The brittle and viscous layers, representing the upper an lower crust, were 3 cm and 1 cm thick, respectively, whereas a mantle weakness was simulated using the edge of a moving basal plate (a velocity discontinuity or VD). Crustal weaknesses were simulated using “seeds” (ridges of viscous material at the base of the brittle layers that locally weaken these brittle layers). The divergence rate for the Model A reference models was 20 mm/h so that the model duration of 2:30 h yielded a total divergence of 5 cm (so that e = 17%, given an initial model width of ca. 30 cm). Multiphase rifting model series B and C involved both a slow (10 mm/h) and fast (100 mm/h) rifting phase of 2.5 cm divergence each, for a total of 5 cm of divergence over a 2:45 h period. Multiphase rifting models series D and E had the same divergence rates (20 mm/h) as the Series A reference models, but involved both an orthogonal (α = 0˚) and oblique rifting (α = 30˚) phase of 2.5 cm divergence each, for a total of 5 cm of divergence over a 2:30 h period. In our models the divergence obliquity angle α was defined as the angle between the normal to the central model axis and the direction of divergence. The orientation and arrangements of the simulated mantle and crustal weaknesses is defined by angle θ (defined as the direction of the weakness with respect to the model axis. An overview of model parameters is provided in Table 1, and detailed descriptions of the model set-up and results, as well as the monitoring techniques can be found in Zwaan et al. (2021).
    Keywords: EPOS ; analogue models of geologic processes ; analogue modelling results ; multi-scale laboratories ; deformation 〉 ductile flow ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; depression ; Digital Image Correlation (DIC) / Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 〉 StrainMaster (La Vision GmbH) ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION RATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT RATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 LITHOSPHERIC PLATE MOTION 〉 PLATE MOTION DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 LITHOSPHERIC PLATE MOTION 〉 PLATE MOTION RATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 PLATE BOUNDARIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRAIN ; fault 〉 oblique slip fault ; Generic camera ; geologic process ; graben ; graben ; normal fault ; rift valley ; rifting ; Sand 〉 Corundum Sand ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Sandbox ; Silicon/Silly putty/PDMS ; tectonic process 〉 continental_breakup 〉 rifting ; tectonic setting 〉 extended terrane setting 〉 continental rift setting ; X-ray computed tomographic scanner (CT-scan)
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  • 12
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    3D stereo DIC data from analogue models exploring fault growth and rift propagation in rotational rift systems (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-22
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset includes surface 3D stereoscopic Digital Image Correlation (3D stereo DIC) images and videos of 9 analogue models on crustal scale rifting with a rotational component. Using a brittle-viscous two-layer setup, the experiments focused on near-surface fault growth, rift segment interaction and rift propagation. All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of the University of Bern (UB). All models consist of a two-layer brittle-viscous set up with a total thickness of 6 cm. Thickness variations in ductile and brittle layers are expressed by the ratio RBD = brittle layer thickness/ductile layer thickness, which ranges from RBD = 1 to RBD = 3. The model set up lies on top of a 5 cm thick foam base with a trapezoidal shape with a height of 900 mm and a pair of bases of 310 mm and 350 mm. The foam block is sliced into segments such that 7 interlayered 0.5 cm thick plexiglass bars prevent foam collapse under the model weight. The foam base is initially compressed between the longitudinal side walls and homogeneously expands during the rotational opening. Applied velocities refer to the divergence of the sidewalls at the outermost point (i.e., furthest away from the rotation axis) and decrease linearly towards the rotation axis. These velocities vary from 10 mm/h over a total run time of 4 h up to 40 mm/h over a total run time of one hour, resulting in identical total extension of ca 13% (given an initial model width of 31 cm) for all models. Detailed descriptions of the experiments as well as monitoring techniques can be found in Schmid et al. (2021).
    Keywords: analogue models of geologic processes ; multi-scale laboratories ; Digital Image Correlation (DIC) / Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 〉 StrainMaster (La Vision GmbH) ; continental rifting ; rotational rifting ; EPOS ; 3D stereo DIC ; software tools ; deformation 〉 rifting ; SLR camera ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; surface elevation ; analogue modelling results ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; analogue modelling results ; software tools ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 PLATE BOUNDARIES ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 PHYSICAL/LABORATORY MODELS
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  • 13
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    Digital image correlation data from analogue modelling experiments addressing orthogonal and rotational extension at the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (CH) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes the results of digital image correlation of ten brittle-viscous experiments on crustal extension and four benchmark experiments performed at the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (UB). The experiments demonstrate the differences in rift development in orthogonal versus rotation extension. Detailed descriptions of the experiments and monitoring techniques can be found in Zwaan et al. (2019) to which this data set is supplementary. Additional background information concerning the general modelling approach are available in Zwaan et al. (2016).. The data presented here consist of movies displaying digital image correlation (DIC) derived surface and internal displacement fields as well as profiles of the lateral cumulative surface displacements.Digital photographs of the experimental surface and digital image cross section of the computed CT-scans were analyzed with DIC (Adam et al., 2005, 2013) techniques to quantify displacements in the image plane at high precision (〈0.1 mm). DIC was undertaken with the software DaVis 8.0 (LaVision) applying 2D-DIC (FFT-legacy) multipass processing with a final interrogation window size of 32x32 (CT: 12x12) pixels and 50% (CT: 25%) overlap.
    Keywords: analogue models of geologic processes ; EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; analogue modelling results ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; tectonic setting 〉 extended terrane setting 〉 continental rift setting ; tectonic process 〉 continental_breakup 〉 rifting ; rift valley ; depression ; Silicon/Silly putty/PDMS ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Sand 〉 Corundum Sand ; Extension box ; Digital Image Correlation (DIC) / Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 〉 StrainMaster (La Vision GmbH) ; X-ray computed tomographic scanner (CT-scan) ; SLR camera ; Surface image
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 14
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    Effect of sieving height on density and friction of brittle analogue material: Ring-shear test data of quarz sand used for analogue experiments in the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) for a quartz sand (“A”). This material is used in various types of analogue experiments in Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern as an analogue for brittle layers in the crust or lithosphere. The material has been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients μ and cohesions C. Three sub-datasets represent a systematic increase of the sieving height from 10 cm to 20 cm to 30 cm into a shear cell of type No. 1, following the same protocol. This dataset shows that packing density of quartz sand is dependent on the chosen sieving height. However, the effect of the sieving height on internal friction coefficients μ as well as cohesion C is minor and thus negligible in sandbox experiments. According to our analysis the material shows for a sieving height of 10 cm a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope and peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients of μP = 0.70, μD = 0.60 and μR = 0.65, respectively. Cohesions C are in the order of 40 – 80 Pa.
    Keywords: EPOS ; analogue models of geologic processes ; Multi-scale Laboratories ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; Cohesion ; Friction coefficient ; Ring-shear tester ; Sand 〉 Quartz sand ; Deformation 〉 fracturing ; tectonic and structural features ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 CALIBRATION/VALIDATION ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 PHYSICAL/LABORATORY MODELS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 GEOLOGIC/TECTONIC/PALEOCLIMATE MODELS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 PLATE BOUNDARIES ; Force sensor ; Shear Box ; Analogue Material ; sand ; Density ; Friction 〉 Imposed Stress
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 15
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    Ring shear test data of glass beads 40-70 µm used for analogue experiments in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) on glass beads used in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam as an analogue for “weak” brittle layers in the crust or lithosphere (Ritter et al., 2016; Santimano et al., 2015; Contardo et al., 2011; Reiter et al., 2011; Hoth et al., 2007, 2006; Kenkmann et al., 2007; Deng et al., 2018) or in stick-slip experiments (Rudolf et al., 2019). The glass beads with a diameter of 40-70 µm have been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesions C as a remote service by the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. According to our analysis the material shows a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope. Peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients of the glass beads are µP = 0.46, µD = 0.40 and µR = 0.44, respectively. Cohesion ranges between 33 and 42 Pa. A rate-weakening of ~3 % per ten-fold change in shear velocity v is evident.
    Keywords: EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; Cohesion ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; detachment fault ; earth interior setting 〉 crust setting 〉 continental-crustal setting 〉 upper continental crustal setting ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 CALIBRATION/VALIDATION ; fault ; Force sensor ; Friction coefficient ; Python ; Ring-shear tester ; tectonic and structural features ; thrust fault ; wrench fault
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  • 16
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    Ring shear test data of glass beads 300-400 µm used for analogue experiments in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) on glass beads used in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam as an analogue for “weak” brittle layers in the crust or lithosphere (Ritter et al., 2016; Santimano et al., 2015; Contardo et al., 2011; Reiter et al., 2011; Hoth et al., 2007, 2006; Kenkmann et al., 2007; Deng et al., 2018) or in stick-slip experiments (Rudolf et al., 2019). The glass beads with a diameter of 300-400 µm have been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesions C as a remote service by the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. According to our analysis the material shows a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope. Peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients of the glass beads are µP = 0.58, µD = 0.43 and µR = 0.49, respectively. Cohesion ranges between 8 and 81 Pa. A rate-weakening of ~7 % per ten-fold change in shear velocity v is evident.
    Keywords: EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; Cohesion ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; detachment fault ; earth interior setting 〉 crust setting 〉 continental-crustal setting 〉 upper continental crustal setting ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 CALIBRATION/VALIDATION ; fault ; Force sensor ; Friction coefficient ; Python ; Ring-shear tester ; tectonic and structural features ; thrust fault ; wrench fault
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  • 17
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    Rheology of viscous materials from the CNR-IGG Tectonic Modelling Laboratory at the University of Florence (Italy) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides rheometric data of three viscous materials used for centrifuge experiments at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of CNR-IGG at the Earth Sciences Department of the University of Florence (Italy). The first material, PP45, is a mixture of a silicone (Polydimethylsiloxane or PDMS SGM36) and plasticine (Giotto Pongo). The PDMS is produced by Dow Corning and its characteristics are described by e.g. Rudolf et al. 2016a,b). Giotto Pongo is produced by FILA (Italy). Both components are mixed following a weight ratio of 100:45, and the final mixture has a density of 1520 kg m3. The second material, SCA705 is a mixture of Dow Corning 3179 putty, mixed with fine corundum sand and oleic acid with a weight ratio of 100:70:05 and a resulting density of 1660 kg m3. The final material, SCA7020 consists of the same components as SCA705, but with a slightly higher oleic acid content reflected in the weight ratio of 100:70:20. The mixture’s density is 1620 kg m3. The material samples have been analyzed in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam using an Anton Paar Physica MCR 301 rheometer in a plate-plate configuration at room temperature (20˚C). Rotational (controlled shear rate) tests with shear rates varying from 10-4 to 1 s-1 were performed. Additional temperature tests were run with shear rates between 10-2 to 10-1 s-1 for a temperature range between 15 and 30˚C. According to our rheometric analysis, the materials all exhibit shear thinning behavior, with high power law exponents (n-number) for strain rates below 10-2s-1, while power law exponents are lower above that threshold.For PP45, the respective n-numbers are 4.8 and 2.6, for SCA705 6.7 and 1.5, and for SCA7020 9.1 and 2.0. The temperature tests show decreasing viscosities with increasing temperatures with rates of -3.8, -1.4 and -1.9% per ˚K for PP45, SCA705 and SCA7020, respectively. An application of the materials tested can be found in Zwaan et al. (2020).
    Keywords: EPOS ; analogue models of geologic processes ; Multi-scale Laboratories ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; European Plate Observing System ; software tools ; Force sensor ; Plasticine ; Python ; Rheometer ; Sand 〉 Corundum Sand ; Silicon/Silly putty/PDMS ; Stress exponent ; Temperature measurement ; Viscosity
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  • 18
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    Ring shear test data of glass beads 70-110 µm used for analogue experiments in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) on glass beads used in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam as an analogue for “weak” brittle layers in the crust or lithosphere (Ritter et al., 2016; Santimano et al., 2015; Contardo et al., 2011; Reiter et al., 2011; Hoth et al., 2007, 2006; Kenkmann et al., 2007; Deng et al., 2018) or in stick-slip experiments (Rudolf et al., 2019). The glass beads with a diameter of 70-110 µm have been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesions C as a remote service by the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. According to our analysis the material shows a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope. Peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients of the glass beads are µP = 0.48, µD = 0.39 and µR = 0.44, respectively. Cohesion ranges between 3 and 28 Pa. A rate-weakening of ~4 % per ten-fold change in shear velocity v is evident.
    Keywords: EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; Cohesion ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; detachment fault ; earth interior setting 〉 crust setting 〉 continental-crustal setting 〉 upper continental crustal setting ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION 〉 CALIBRATION/VALIDATION ; fault ; Force sensor ; Friction coefficient ; Python ; Ring-shear tester ; tectonic and structural features ; thrust fault ; wrench fault
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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