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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (290)
  • Weizen  (31)
  • Hafer  (16)
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • Animals
  • Roggen
  • 1925-1929  (204)
  • 1920-1924
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    In:  Illustr. landwirtschaftl. Zeitschrift 42:267-269.
    Publication Date: 1922
    Description: Auswertung der Temperatur, der Niederschläge und der Sonnenscheindauer, Begründung der Überlegenheit von Lokalsorten an klimatische Gegebenheiten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: beobachteter Einfluss der Witterung (Niederschlag, Temperatur, Sonnenscheindauer) auf Erträge von Hackfrüchten, Kartoffeln, Getreide und Leguminosen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Juni) + und Delta Nied (Juni) - (also Wassermangel +) , dann Ernte (Zuckerrübe) -; Delta T (Juni) - und Delta Nied +, dann Ernte (Zuckerrübe) -; Delta T + und Delta Nied +, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta T - und Delta Nied -, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta T (Juli) Delta Nied - und Delta T (Juli) +, dann Erträge (Kartoffel) -; Delta T (Juli) Delta Nied + und Delta T (Juli) -, dann Erträge (Kartoffel) -; Delta T (April, Mai, Juni) + und Delta Nied (April, Mai, Juni) +, dann Ernte (Rotklee) +; Delta Nied (Sommer) + und Delta Sonn -, dann Qualität der Ernte +;
    Keywords: Breslau ; 1902-1913 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen
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  • 2
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    In:  Vereinigten Friedrichs-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle.
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Ertragsrelevante Korrelationen bei Winterweizen und -gerste mit der Temperatur, bei allen übrigen Kulturen war Niederschlag entscheidend KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Saalkreis, Kreis Bitterfeld, Kreis Delitzsch, Kreis Wittenberg, südl. Teil Kreis Köthen ; 1900-26 ; Kartoffeln ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Ergebnisse (Rangordungs- und Korrelationsmethode) der Beziehung zwischen Witterung und Ertrag vieler Kulturen eingeteilt nach Monaten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Temperatur und des Niederschlags auf den Ertrag folgender Kulturpflanzen: Winterweizen, Winterroggen, Dinkel, Sommerweizen, Sommerroggen, Sommergerste, Hafer, Hopfen, Luzerne, Rotklee, Wiesen, Kartoffeln) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Vegetationszeit) -, dann Ertrag (Winter- und Sommergetreide) +; Delta T (Winter, Juni und Juli) -, dann Ertrag (Sommergetreide) +; Delta Nied (Winter) +, dann Ertrag (Getreide) -; Delta T (September) - und Delta Nied (Vegetationszeit) +, dann Ertrag (Futterpflanzen) +; Details für einzelne Kulturpflanzen: siehe Artikel
    Keywords: Württemberg ; 1899-1913 ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung
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  • 4
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    In:  Hannov. land- und forstw. Zeitg.:93-95
    Publication Date: 1927
    Description: Beschreibung der Witterungsverläufe der Winter und Empfehlungen für die Bodenbearbeitung und Bestandesführung von Winterkulturen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Niederschlag und Temperatur) auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Vorjahr) ++, dann Ertrag -; Delta Nied (Winter) +, dann Bodenfeuchte + und somit Ertrag +; Delta T (November) -, dann Ertrag -; Delta T (Winter) +, dann Ertrag +; Delta T (Frühling) +, dann Ertrag -;
    Keywords: Niedersachsen ; 1924-26 ; Insekten ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Roggen ; Weizen ; Düngung ; Gerste
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  • 5
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    In:  Landwirtschaftliche Wochenschrift der Provinz Sachsen und Anhalt 29; p.668-670
    Publication Date: 1927
    Description: Der Autor führt aufgrund von Beobachtungen das Auftreten der Weißährigkeit auf Fußkrankheiten und Fusariumpilze, sowie landwirtschaftliche Praktiken zurück. In einem kleinen Abschnitt wird auch auf den Einfluß von Witterung und Bodenverhältnissen eingegangen. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1926-1927 ; Getreide ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Weizen
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  • 6
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    In:  Georgine, Königsberg 104 (10):65-66
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Einluß von Temperatur und Niederschlag in bestimmten Zeiträumen auf das Tausendkorngewicht (TKG) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang Niederschlag, Temperatur und Sonnenscheinstunden zum Tausendkorngewicht (Ertrag) von Weizen, Roggen und Gerste KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (0,48-1,9°C während der Vegetationszeit April-August über dem Mittel der Jahre 1921-26) und Delta Nied (-25- +52% vom Schossen bis zur Ernte über dem Mittel der Jahre 1921-26), dann höhreres TKG um 11,6-21,4%
    Keywords: Pommern ; 1921-1926 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Gerste
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Befall von Winterroggen durch Puccinia coronifera Kleb. und Überlegungen für mögliche Gründe KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Aufgrund der starken Trockenheit verliert der Roggen seine Immunität gegenüber Puccinia coronifera KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Herbst) -, dann Befall von Puccinia coronifera +
    Keywords: Kamennaja Step, Russland ; 1924 ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Roggen ; Trockenheit
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  • 8
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    In:  Deutsche Landwirtschaftliche Presse, Jahrgang 52, Nr. 38, p. 450
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Allgemeine Beobachtungen zum Rostbefall von Weizen im Jahr 1925 trotz langer Trockenperioden KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss des Niederschlags auf die Infektion; auch kurze starke Niederschläge zwischen langen Trockenperioden sind ausreichend um einen großflächigen Befall zu bewirken. KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied +, dann Infektion +;
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1925 ; Anbautermine ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Trockenheit ; Weizen
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  • 9
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    In:  Bad. Blätt. Schädlingsbek. 1, p. 67-68
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Allgemeine Beobachtungen zur Biologie und zum Auftreten des Getreidehähnchens sowie Möglichkeiten zu dessen Bekämpfung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: - KATASTER-DETAIL: -
    Keywords: Baden-Württemberg ; 1924-1925 ; Hafer ; Mais ; Pflanzenschädling ; Weizen ; Gerste
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  • 10
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    In:  Die kranke Pflanze 2, p. 117-119
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Allgemeine Beobachtungen zum Auftreten und zur Wanderung des Getreidelaufkäfers und dessen Larven; Nennung von Möglichkeiten zur Bekämpfung des Insekts KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Abhängigkeit der Stärke des Auftretens von der Temperatur KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T+, dann Auftreten der Larven +
    Keywords: Sachsen ; Beginn 20. Jahrhundert ; Insekten ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Pflanzenschädling ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen
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  • 11
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    In:  Q.J.R. Meterol. Soc. 48: 115-138
    Publication Date: 1922
    Description: Auswertung 35jähriger Wetteraufzeichungen und Einfluss der Temperatur und des Niederschlages auf die Erträge von Weizen, Gerste, Hafer, Bohnen, Erbsen, Kartoffeln ... in einem klimatisch einheitlichen Gebiet in Ostengland KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Bedeutung von Trocken- und Feuchtphasen für die Ertragsentwicklung in Weizen, Temperaturansprüche zur Keimung und im Frühsommer KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Ostengland ; 1885-1921 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Frost ; Erbsen
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: vgl. Neustädt KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang Witterungsfaktoren in wachstumsrelevanten Zeitspannen mit dem Ertrag verschiedener Kulturen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Oktober bis März) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Januar) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) ++; Delta Nied (Februar) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Mai) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Mai) 〉 1,5x Mittel, dann Erträge -; Delta Sonn (Mai, im Bezirk Köthen) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) -; Delta Nied (Januar, März, April) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Februar, Mai bis Ernte) +, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Mai) +, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) ++; (Informationen zu den weiteren landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzen: siehe Artikel)
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1900-1926 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Einfluß der Witterung auf die Qualität von Weizen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Witterungsverhältnisse der letzten 5 bis höchstens 10 Tage vor der Gelbreife sind von entscheidendem Einfluss, Backqualität nimmt von kontinentalem zum maritimen Klima ab KATASTER-DETAIL: Tmit+, Sonn+, Nied-, dann gute Qualität Nied+, dann Tausendkorngewicht + aber Nied**, dann Tausendkorngewicht - und N-Gehalt +
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1900-1925 ; Ertrag ; Korrelationsmethode ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 14
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    In:  Meterolog. Zeitschrift, Braunschweig, 41: 170-173
    Publication Date: 1924
    Description: Beziehung zwischen Niederschlag und Ertrag mithilfe der Korrelationsmethode KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Berechnung von Korrelationswerten deuten auf starken Einfluss des Juniniederschlags hin, durch Berechnung der Abweichung vom 10jährigen Mittel werden Beziehungen einzelner Monate, bzw. 2 monatiger Niederschlagssummen zum Ertrag für Winterweizen, Winterroggen, Hafer, Kartoffeln, Sommerweizen und Sommerroggen sichtbar KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied+ (Januar), dann Winterweizen +; Delta Nied- (〈 20mm) im März, dann Ertrag von Winterweizen, Winterroggen, Sommerroggen und Sommerweizen +; Delta Nied+ (〉60mm) im Juli, dann Ertrag Winterweizen++; Delta Nied- (〈40mm) im Juni, dann Kartoffel +, aber Hafer-; Delta Nied+ (〉130mm) im Juni, dann Kartoffel -, aber Hafer+;
    Keywords: Niederbayern ; 1884-1922 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Weizen
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  • 15
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    In:  Artikel; Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character 213(402-410): 89-142.
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Langjährige Feldversuche und Wetteraufzeichnungen der Versuchstation, Korrelationen zwischen Niederschlag und Ernteerträgen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss des Niederschlags auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied -, dann Erträge +
    Keywords: Rothamsted (England) ; 1854-1918 ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Weizen ; Düngung
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  • 16
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    In:  Buch von: Höhne, E., (1919): Landwirtschaftlich-klimatologische Untersuchung des Gebietes zwiwchen mittlerer Saale und Pleiße und Einteilung in klimatische Unterbezirke auf Grund der Beziehungen zwischen Witterungsfaktoren und Ernteerträgen
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Untersuchung zur Beziehung zwischen Witterungsfaktoren und Ernteerträgen in verschiedenen Untersuchungsgebieten mittels Rangordnungsdifferenzen. Betrachtet wurden die Erträge von Roggen, Winterweizen, Sommergerste, Hafer, Sommerweizen, Zuckerrübe, Kartoffel und Erbse KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Niederschlag, Temperatur, Sonnenschein) auf die Erträge KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Oktober bis März) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Januar) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) ++; Delta Nied (Februar) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Mai) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Mai) 〉 1,5x Mittel, dann Erträge -; Delta Sonn (Mai, im Bezirk Köthen) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) -; Delta Nied (Januar, März, April) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Februar, Mai bis Ernte) +, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Mai) +, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) ++; Köthen (Nied 15-30mm im März), (Delta T- im April/Juni, besonders im Mai), dann Winterweizenertrag++ (weitere Informationen zu den weiteren landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzen und Regionen: siehe Artikel)
    Keywords: Sachsen und Thüringen ; 1899-1926 ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Globalstrahlung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 17
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    In:  Naturwissenschaften 11(37):769-776
    Publication Date: 1923
    Description: Beschreibung der landwirtschaftlichen Meterologie in den USA, anhand vom Beispielen (Warren-Smith, Wallace, Blair, Kincer)'Kritische Phasen' und Korrelation von Witterungsdaten mit Ertragsdaten von Mais, Weizen, Baumwolle KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag in verschiedenen Staaten der USA. Ausschlaggebend sind die Monate Mai, Juni, Juli und August KATASTER-DETAIL: Missouri: Delta T (Juni, Juli, August) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Iowa: Delta T (Mai, Juli) + und Delta Nied (August) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Nebraska: Delta T (Juli) + und Delta Nied (Mai, Juli) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Indiana: Delta T (Juli) + und Delta Nied (Juli, August) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Minnesota: Delta T (Juni, August) + und Delta Nied (August) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Ohio: Delta T (Mai) + und Delta Nied (Juli, August) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Ohio: Delta Nied (Juli, Anfang August) 〉 76mm , dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Ohio: Delta T (März) +, dann Ertrag (Winterweizen) +; Illinois: Delta T (Mai, Juli) + und Delta Nied (August) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Kansas: Delta Nied (Juni, Juli, August) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +;
    Keywords: USA ; 19. Jahrhundert ; Ertrag ; Korrelationsmethode ; Mais ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung
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  • 18
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    In:  Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung, Düngung, Bodenkunde 8:425-458
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Auswirkungen über gestaffelte Stickstoff-Düngung auf den Ertrag von Weizen, Gerste, Roggen und Hafer. Angaben zu Temperatur und Niederschlag während der Vegetationszeit, Hinweise auf Zusammenhang zwischen Witterung und Ertrag und Wirkung der Düngung, Bedeutung eines längeren Zeitraums für die Beobachtungen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss von Niederschlag und Temperatur auf den Ertrag von Hafer KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (nach der Saat) +, dann t(Aufgang) - (später); Delta Nied (Ende des Wachstum) -, dann Erträge (Hafer) -; Delta T (20 Tage nach dem Aufgang) +: T 〉 11°C, dann Ertrag (Hafer) -;
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1924-28 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Düngung ; Gerste
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  • 19
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    In:  Peternanns Mitt. Justus Perthes Geogr. Anst. 70:112-116, 159-163.
    Publication Date: 1924
    Description: Verbreitung von Weizen (Hart- und Weichweizen) und der klimatische Einfluss, Bedeutung für die Zusammensetzung der Körner, Klimatische Bedingungen für Weinbanbau KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen den Klimaten und der Qualität der Ernte von Wein und Weizen KATASTER-DETAIL: warm-gemäßigte und trockene Klimate, dann Weinqualität +; Delta Nied (Sommer) +, dann Weinqualität -; trockenes Klima, dann Gehalt an Eiweiß + und Stärke - (Weichweizen); feuchtes Klima, dann Gehalt an Eiweiß - und Stärke + (Hartweizen); Delta Vegetationsperiode +, dann Proteingehalt -;
    Keywords: weltweit ; letzten 1000 Jahre ; Klima ; Weizen ; Wein
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  • 20
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    In:  Deut. Landwirtschaflt. Presse 55:94-95.
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Übersicht über die Literatur zum Einfluss des Wetters auf die Kulturpflanzen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Milder und trockener Winter wirkt positiv auf die Weizenerträge, kalter und niederschlagsreicher Winter eher negativ, Betrachung für Norddeutschland KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1900-1926 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung ; Gerste
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  • 21
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    In:  Arb. deut. Landw. Gesell. 354:66
    Publication Date: 1927
    Description: Zusammenhang zwischen dem Ertrag von Kartoffeln, Hafer und Luzerne und dem Niederschlag KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Korrelationen zwischen dem Ertrag von Kartoffeln und Hafer und dem jährlichen Niederschlag, bzw. der jährlichen Anzahl nasser Monate (〉50mm pro Monat); stärkerer Zusammenhang mit jährlichem Niederschlag als mit Anzahl nasser Monate und umso schwächer, je niederschlagsreicher das Jahr, am ausgeprägtesten in Mitteldeutschland selbst auf schweren Böden KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1904-1914, 1922-1924 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag
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  • 22
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    In:  Mitt. Deutsch. Landwirtsch. Gesell. 35; p.488-489
    Publication Date: 1920
    Description: Diskussion des Einflusses von Fusariumbefall auf die Auswinterung von Winterweizensorten mit Bemerkungen zum Wetter KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Schlesien ; 1919 ; Getreide ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Weizen
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Ergebnisse 5-jähriger Freilandversuche und 9-jähriger Laborversuche zu den Zusammenhängen zwischen klimatischen und anderen Umweltfaktoren und dem Auftreten verschiedener physiologischer Formen des Schwarzrostes an unterschiedlichen Weizensorten in den USA und Kanada. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: USA, Kanada ; 1919-1923 ; Getreide ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Weizen
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Diskussion über die Geschichte, Entwicklung und Anwendbarkeit von phänologischen Studien, Zusammenfassung, teilweise Details über den Einfluss der Sorte, der Düngung, des Bodens, Klimas, Längengrades, Krankheiten und anderer Faktoren auf die Erträge von Winterroggen in Bayern KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1917-1923 ; Botanik ; Ertrag ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Phänologie ; Roggen ; Düngung ; Frost
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  • 25
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    In:  Deutsche Landwirtschaftliche Presse, 56. Jahrgang, Nr. 37, p. 528-529
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Allgemeine Beobachtungen zum Verlauf der Krankheit sowie Beschreibung des Schadbildes KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: - KATASTER-DETAIL: -
    Keywords: Kempen, Nordrhein-Westfalen ; 1929 ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Pflanzenkrankheit
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  • 26
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    In:  Nachrichtenblatt für den deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, Jahrgang 6, Nr. 4, p. 27
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Auftreten der gelben Halmfliege in Schleswig-Holstein und deren Auswirkungen auf bestimmte Getreidearten (Sommerweizen und Sommergerste) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung auf das Auftreten der Fliege KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied +, dann Sommerflug -
    Keywords: Schleswig-Holstein ; 1926 ; Insekten ; Anbautermine ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Weizen ; Gerste
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  • 27
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    In:  Kühn-Archiv 20:140-222.
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Untersuchungen an Ernteergebnissen mittels Rangordnungs- und Korrelationsmethode zur Abhängigkeit von den Witterungsfaktoren. Untersucht wurden die Erträge von Weizen, Roggen, Sommergerste, Hafer, Erbsen und Zuckerrüben KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag, Sonnenscheindauer) auf die Erträge der Kurlturpflanzen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Oktober, November) - und Delta T (Januar, Februar) +, dann Erträge (Weizen) +; Delta Nied (April, Mai) + und Delta Nied (Februar, März) -, dann Erträge (Weizen) +; Delta Sonn (März) +, dann Erträge (Weizen) +; Delta Nied (Mai - Zeit des Schossens) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta T (November) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (April, Juni) + und Delta T (April, Juni) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Nied (April, Juni) 〉 180mm, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) -; Delta Sonn (März, April) + und Delta Sonn (Mai) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (April bis Juni) +, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Sonn (März, April) +, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta T (Juni) -, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Nied (Juni, September) +, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta Nied (August) +, Zuckergehalt +; Delta T (Juni) +, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta Sonn (September) +, Qualität der Ernte +; Delta Sonn (März, April) + und Delta Sonn (Mai, Juni) -, dann Erträge (Getreide) +;
    Keywords: Mansfelder See- und Saalkreis, Kreis Querfurt, Kreis Merseburg ; 1900-1925 ; Zuckerrüben ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Gerste ; Erbsen
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  • 28
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    In:  Jllustr. Landw. Zeitg. 46; p.551-552
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Schilderung des Rostbefalls (insbesondere Gelbrost)in der Region Kassel im Jahre 1926. Der Autor beklagt das bisher fehlende Wissen der Wissenschaftler und präsentiert eine Umfrage unter Landwirten zu den Einflußfaktoren (u.a. klimatische) auf den Rostbefall. Zudem werden Vorbeugungsmaßnahmen vorgestellt. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Kassel ; 1926 ; Getreide ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Weizen
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  • 29
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    In:  Kühn-Archiv:53-78.
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Einführung der Rangordnungs- und Korrelationsmethode anhand langjähriger Beobachtungen, Einfluss des Niederschlages und der Temperatur auf den Ertrag von Erbsen, Kartoffeln, Weizen, Hafer und Roggen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (März und April) + und Delta Nied (März und April) -, dann Erträge (Erbsen) +; Delta T (Mai und Juni) - und Delta Nied (Mai und Juni) +, dann Erträge (Erbse) +; Delta T (Oktober Vorjahr) +, dann Erträge (Kartoffel) +; Delta T (März) + und Delta T (Mai und Juni) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (Januar bis März)-, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Nied (Januar bis März)-, dann Erträge (Winterroggen) +;
    Keywords: Halle ; 1893-25 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Fichte ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung
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    In:  Diss., Göttingen
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Ergebnisse ( Korrelationsmethode) der Bezeihung zwischen Witterung und Ertrag vieler Kulturen eingeteilt nach Monaten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Beziehungen zwischen Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag)und Ernte KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (erste 10 Blütetage) -, dann Ertrag (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Beginn der Blüte bis 10 tage nach Ende der Blüte)-, dann Ertrag (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (während der 20 Tage nach Beginn der Blüte) -, dann Ertrag (Sommerweizen) +; Delta Tmit (während der 20 Tage nach dem Aufgang) -, dann Ertrag (Hafer) +; Delta Tmin (während der 20 Tage nach dem Aufgang) -, dann Ertrag (Gerste) +; Delta Tmit (während der 20 Tage nach Beginn der Blüte) -, dann Ertrag (Kartoffeln) +; Delta Nied (vom Aufgang bis zum Beginn der Blüte) -, dann Ertrag (Erbsen) +; Delta Nied +, dann Ertrag (Vietsbohnen) +;
    Keywords: Göttingen ; 1901-1922 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Erbsen
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    In:  Mitt. Deut. Landw. Gesell. 40:950-55.
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Zusammenhang zwischen Weizenqualität und den klimatischen Verhältnissen, Schwerpunkt auf die Physiologie des Samens und Qualität (Backfähigkeit) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Europa ; letzten100 Jahre ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Beziehung zwischen Witterung (unterteilt in einzelne Monate) und Ertragshöhe mithilfe der Rangordnungs- und der Korrelationsmethode KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag, Sonnenscheindauer) auf den Ertrag von Winterweizen, Sommerweizen, Sommergerste, Wintergerste, Hafer und Runkelrüben auf dem Versuchsfeld (wasserundurchlässiger Boden) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Sonn (Oktober bis November)+, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Sonn (Dezember bis März)+, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) -; Delta Sonn (April) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (April) +, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (Mai, Juni und Juli) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (August bis Oktober) +, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta T (April) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; (Details sowie Informationen für Sommerweizen, Sommergerste, Wintergerste, Hafer und Runkelrüben siehe Artikel)
    Keywords: Hohenheim (Baden-Württemberg) ; 1914-25 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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    In:  Mitteilungen der Biolog. Reichsanstalt f. Land- und Forstwirtschaft 25.
    Publication Date: 1924
    Description: Witterung und Phänologie KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Phänologie ; Roggen ; Witterung
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  • 34
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    In:  Zeitschrift für Acker- und Pflanzenbau 3:330-334.
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Angabe von Niederschlagsmengen und Durchschnittstemperaturen für das ökologische Optimum bestimmter Sorten, kritische Zeiten (vor und nach der Blüte) sind hierfür entscheidend KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss von Wasser und Wärme, bzw. Niederschlag und Temperatur auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Roggen, Weizen: Delta Nied (Beginn Blütezeit)-, dann Ertrag +; Hafer, Gerste, Kartoffel: Delta T (Beginn der Blüte) -, dann Ertrag +; Bohne: Delta T (gesamte Wachstumszeit)+ und Delta Nied (gesamte Wachstumszeit) +, dann Ertrag +
    Keywords: Göttingen ; 1901-22 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte ; Erbsen
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    In:  Sächs. Landw. Zeitschr. 73, p.614
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Beschreibung der Schäden und Erscheinungsformen des Weizenhalmtöters und der Weizenhalmfliege im Jahre 1926 in Sachsen. Nur bedingte Verknüpfung mit klimatischen Parametern. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Sachsen ; 1926 ; Getreide ; Pflanzenschädling ; Weizen
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    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Einfluss der Wasserversorgung in verschiedenen Wachstumsstadien auf die Entwicklung und die Ertragsfähigkeit der Sommerweizensorte 'Ulca' KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Wasserstress hat in allen Vegetationsstadien ertragsrelevante Folgen KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Labor ; 1926-27 ; Ertrag ; Wassermangel ; Weizen
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    In:  Georgine, Jahrgang 102, Nr. 68, p. 806-807
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Biologie und Bekämpfung von Fritfliege, Getreideblumenfliege, scheckige oder gelbe Halmfliege, Weizenfliege, Hessenfliege KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag und Wind) auf die Schädlinge KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Winter) +, Anzahl Maden der Halmfliege +; Delta Nied (September) + und Delta Wind (September) +, dann Hessenfliege -
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1903-1925 ; Insekten ; Anbautermine ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Vegetationsperiode ; Weizen ; Wind ; Witterung ; Düngung ; Gerste
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  • 38
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    In:  Nassauer Land 108, p. 185
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Gelbrostbefall von Weizen, Roggen und Gerste KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: - KATASTER-DETAIL: -
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1926 ; Infektionskrankheiten ; Getreide ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Roggen ; Weizen ; Gerste
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A simple, systematic, optimized vortex-lattice approach is developed for application to lifting-surface problems. It affords a significant reduction in computational costs when compared to current methods. Extensive numerical experiments have been carried out on a wide variety of configurations, including wings with camber and single or multiple flaps, as well as high-lift jetflap systems. Rapid convergence as the number of spanwise or chordwise lattices are increased is assured, along with accurate answers. The results from this model should be useful not only in preliminary aircraft design but also, for example, as input for wake vortex roll-up studies and transonic flow calculations.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Vortex-Lattice Utilization; p 325-342
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    Journal of Morphology 35 (1921) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Journal of Morphology 36 (1922), S. 421-445 
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    Journal of Morphology 37 (1923), S. 385-423 
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    Journal of Morphology 37 (1923), S. 533-553 
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    Journal of Morphology 38 (1923), S. 207-278 
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    Journal of Morphology 38 (1924), S. 431-451 
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    Notes: An early segregation of germ cells and migration through a germ track into the gonad does not occur in the albino rat. The germ cells are produced only from the peritoneum of the genital region and their earliest formation is coincident with the thickening of the coelomic epithelium to form the genital ridge. This takes place eleven days after insemination in embryos of approximately 18 somites. Germ cells continue to form from the peritoneum during the early development of the gonad. The peritoneum of this region also produces mesenchyme, smaller cells of the gonads, and the germinal epithelium.The argument for the specific character of the germ cells in vertebrates and their continuity from the egg is based largely upon assumption, and not upon substantial observations, and must be discarded. Germ-cell origin is a problem of cellular differentiatio, and not of early segregation.
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    Journal of Morphology 41 (1925), S. 191-216 
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    Notes: Painted turtles, gopher tortoises, and terrapins were fed on various mixtures of sand, salts, dextrin, casein, cod-liver oil, wheat, eggs, lettuce, and meal worms. Each individual was weighted weekly for about a year and then killed for analysis, the water, ash, nitrogen, and fat being determined. Some individuals increased in weight as much as 75 per cent, others lost weight. Judged by growth and chemical analyses, the food requirements of chelonians, as representative poikilothermal vertebrates toward nutritive substances (including vitamines) are similar to those of homoiothermal animals.
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    Notes: Of the eggs laid by Fasciolaria about 1 per cent develop into veligers, about 2 per cent more undergo a few cleavage divisions, and about 97 per cent do not divide at all. The 99 per cent that fail to develop normally are ‘swallowed’ by the veligers. This study concerns itself chiefly with the ova that do not divide. Notes on normal development and on the ova that undergo atypical cleavage are included.All of the ova are found to be typical when passed from the ovary. To each ovum one to several sperms become attached at the vegetal pole in the region of a mass of undifferentiated protoplasm - the ‘polar mass.’ A fertilization cone forms in each ovum and a fertilization membrane. In typical development a yolk lobe is formed, the sperm enters in the usual way, and fertilization is completed as in many other mollusks. In 97 per cent of the ova the yolk lobe is not formed and the sperm does not enter. In these cases the wall of the egg nucleus remains intact a long time. The nucleus itself and the ‘polar mass’ sink into the egg and meet at the center. Then the nuclear wall disappears and an atypical diaster is formed. However, cleavage is not begun and the chromosomes form vesicles that remain near the center of the ovum until it is ‘swallowed’ and digested by the veliger.
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    Notes: The blood of Perophora viridis is found to contain six types of cells: (1) Green cells, which have green-colored fatty bodies embedded in clear cytoplasm. (2) Orange cells, with orange-colored bodies of unknown composition in the cytoplasm. (3) Colorless berry-like cells, with fluid-filled vesicles in the cytoplasm. (4) Granular amoeboid cells. (5) Compartmental amoeboid cells, which have box-like vacuoles containing brownian granules of a fatty substance. (6) Vesicular, signet-ring type of cell having a single large vacuole. The cytological structure of these cells and their reaction to various dyes are described.An effort has been made to homologize the types of cells found in the blood of other ascidians with those found in Perophora.It is concluded that the variety of colors found in the cells of ascidian blood is due to the varying chemical states of the vanadium-containing chromogen present in the cells.
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    Journal of Morphology 42 (1926) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Journal of Morphology 42 (1926), S. 111-141 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Notes: Disintegration in killing agents was studied throughout development. In the unfertilized egg and cleavage stages the death gradient runs from animal to vegetal pole. In the late blastula stage the future dorsal surface and future point of gastrulation show heightened susceptibility. The gastrula has a gradient from anterior to posterior end along its dorsal surface, with a slight reverse gradient around the blastopore; lateral and ventral regions are least susceptible.Before and after the appearance of the neural groove, the dorsal surface shows increased susceptibility with gradient in it from anterior to posterior end. The neural tube is highly susceptible, with a death gradient from anterior to posterior end and a slight reverse gradient at its posterior end.During late stages and in the larva the double gradient is present; death begins at the two ends and progresses backward from head, forward from anus; from the former most rapidly. The least susceptible place is near the posterior end. The posterior reverse gradient is less developed in the lamprey than in other vertebrate embryos, due, probably, to its lack of a tail bud.Assuming that death differences indicate differences in rate of activity, it appears that such differences in activity may be causes and not results of developmental processes, for the development of certain parts (dorsal surface, blastopore, central nervous system) is indicated by heightened activity before it is evident morphologically.
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    Journal of Morphology 42 (1926), S. 83-109 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The summary of this paper is as follows:1A critical review of the developmental evidence shows that the branchial pouches are formed in cephalocaudal sequence subsequently to the segmentation of the dorsal mesoderm.2The pouches interrupt a continuous sheet of mesoderm to form the branchial arches.3The arches when formed do not correspond topographically to the dorsal somites.4Branchiomerism does not therefore coincide with somitic metamerism.3The branchial structures do not support the theory of head segmentation.3The nervi trigeminus, facialis, glossopharyngeus, and vagus cannot be regarded as segmental nerves.3There is no evidence that branchial pouches or arches have been elided from the series.3The problem of meristic homology is briefly discussed.
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    Journal of Morphology 33 (1920), S. 388-437 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Journal of Morphology 33 (1920), S. 526-583 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Journal of Morphology 34 (1920), S. 68-117 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Journal of Morphology 43 (1927), S. 521-546 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The literature on the general subject of freezing and survival both in plants and in animals is briefly reviewed and a bibliography given. Insects representing three ecological groups, (1) the oak borers - exposed to temperature extremes normally; (2) stored-products insects representing supposedly a tropical or subtropical group, and, (3) aquatic insects never exposed to temperatures lower than 0°C., were chosen for this study. Determinations of the freezing and undercooling points were made during the yearly cycle.Both the stored-products insects and the aquatic insects studied showed no periodicity in freezing or undercooling. The oak borers showed marked periodicity. The freezing-point varies directly with the moisture content. Cold-hardiness was produced experimentally by, (1) exposure of insects to low temperatures and, (2) by dehydration. Loss of cold-hardiness was produced experimentally by combinations of high temperature, food, and high relative humidity. The freezing-point ordinarily found corresponds with that of the blood. Repeated freezings of the same insect or tissue showed no hysteresis. There exists in certain insects a secondary freezing-point below that ordinarily found. Oak borers in summer condition die at the first freezing-point; in fully hardened condition they die at the secondary freezingpoint.
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    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927), S. 1-20 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ant Formica exsectoides F. builds mounds with some reference to sunlight, and measurements of internal temperatures have shown them higher in upper parts of the mound, but different in different faces of the mound - all higher than the earth outside the mound.Inside temperatures are not constant; they are due to the sunshine. The mound is so fabricated that the internal temperatures are conserved during the night. The ants make use of the differential internal temperatures for rearing broods.Some mounds show bilateral symmetry dependent upon sun exposure.Measurements of rate of running of these ants show a falling off with lower temperatures, and possibly this is one factor in the smaller development of northerly aspects of these mounds.
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    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927), S. 117-125 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: In the early cleavage stages of Ascaris the homologous chromosomes are of unequal length. Measurements show that these homologues fall into two sharply defined groups suggesting their biparental origin. The shorter are considered to have come from the male.As the age of the embryo increases, these differences between the chromosome mates tend to become less, and it is suggested that at some later period in the history of the animal this difference will entirely disappear in response to the effect of continued existence in a common environment. The length of the chromosomes is very slightly shortened during the early cleavage divisions, while the area of the equatorial cross-section of the cells becomes enormously reduced.
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    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927), S. 313-339 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The rates of oxygen consumption of single pupae of blowflies (Phormia terraenovae, Phormia regina, Lucilia sericata), of the flesh fly (Sarcophaga sarracenioides Aldrich), of the Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella), and of the bee moth (Galleria mellonella) during metamorphosis, until emergence, have been determined. The record for each pupa, with the exception of those of blowflies, is practically continuous day and night during the period of pupal development which lasted from 140 to 300 hours, according to the species, at the temperatures used. During pupal development there is first a period of decrease in rate, which is later followed by a steady increase until a short time before emergence, when a sudden decrease occurs.The ‘oxygen curves’ of the blowfly pupae (Diptera) are quite different from those of the flour-moth and bee-moth pupae (Lepidoptera), although all are of the same general U-shaped type. There are strong indications of a specific difference in the curves of the blow-fly pupae. The flour-moth pupae curves differ slightly from those of the bee-moth pupae. During the major part of development the rates of O2 consumption of pupae of both sexes of bee moth and flour moth are about the same, but near the end of metamorphosis the females have higher rates than the males. No such sex difference appears among the dipterous pupae used.
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    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927), S. 363-372 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The history of investigations on the contractile vacuole is reviewed briefly and brought up to date.The study of the contractile vacuole in Amoeba proteus is considered from standpoints of origin, structure, behavior, and function. The results are obtained from a prolonged study of normal organisms and from their reactions when introduced into conductivity water.The origin of vacuoles is studied by means of dark-field illumination which reveals the vacuole to be formed from a fusion and coalescence of extremely minute droplets.The retaining ‘wall’ of the contractile vacuole is not a permanent structure, but is in the nature of a condensation membrane, totally disappearing with each contraction.The loci of the contractile vacuoles are not permanent, but vacuoles are formed more or less at random. It is unlikely that they are supported in gelated areas, for amoebae with a dozen vacuoles are quite active and there is no interference with amoeboid movement.Conductivity water increases the size, number, and rate of contraction of contractile vacuoles, which suggests that they may function in maintaining an osmotic gradient as well as in the elimination of metabolic waste.
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    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927), S. 467-514 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The eggs of Corella develop in the atrial chamber of the parent at a pH below that of normal sea-water (pH 7.4 ±). When removed to normal sea-water in early stages and under certain other experimental conditions, larval development is more or less inhibited, the tail being most inhibited, the dorsal region somewhat less. The free larval stage may be eliminated and later development and metamorphosis may proceed normally to an advanced stage in the chorion and give rise to normal ascidians. The region most inhibited are, in general, those which possess the highest reducing power, as indicated by KMnO4. Experiments made in the attempt to control development all agree in indicating that the early stages are adjusted to a certain CO2 concentration approximately that of the atrial chamber and presumably near that of the body. Solutions of the same pH may or may not inhibit development according to their CO2 content.The tail, the region of highest reducing power in the embryo during its development, is most inhibited; the dorsal region, the next most rapidly reducing region, is next in degree of inhibition. All differences in reducing power disappear when, or soon after, the animals are killed by other agents before treatment with KMnO4.
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    Journal of Morphology 39 (1924), S. 267-283 
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    Journal of Morphology 39 (1924), S. 337-349 
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    Journal of Morphology 39 (1924), S. 435-463 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Notes: The claspers of Centrina are adnate with the pelvic fin and bear a spine as in other Spinacidae. Mustelus canis resembles M. lunulatus rather than M. vulgaris. The claspers of Chiloscyllium end in a pointed spike. Pseudotriakis resembles the Carchariidae. The three North American Atlantic species of the genus Raia are considered, and R. laevis and R. erinacea are placed in the pseudogenus containing R. batis, and a new pseudogenus erected for R. ocellata. A gross and histological account is given of the Cowper's glands of Homo, and they are shown to be homoplastic with clasper glands, similar in structure, arrangement, development, and function.
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    Notes: In the golden-mantled ground-squirrel, Callospermophilus, a spatulate glandular area has been noted in the skin of the back. It has been found in the following species: C. l. lateralis, C. l. arizonensis, C. l. caryi, C. l. saturatus, C. l. tescorum, C. c. chrysodeirus, and C. bernardinus. Probably it is common to the genus.The individual glands making up this area are modified and enlarged sudoriparous glands. They are divided into a tightly coiled and branched fundus, a large sinus, and a duct which passes caudad and outward to its exit at the surface.The glands secrete a strongly smelling oil, which is probably left on vegetation and other objects in the animal's environment and serves as a source of information to other members of the species. The glands are more active in spring and summer than in winter. They are stimulated by excitement. While present in both sexes, both adult and juvenile, they are best developed in adult males.Callospermophilus has three anal glands. These have flat-topped, straight-sided nipples which are protruded from the anus if the animal is frightened. A milky substance with a very weak odor can be extruded.
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    Notes: The study is divided into three parts. Part I deals with the chromosome number and morphology in the amniotic cells of rabbit embryos. The number of chromosomes has been found essentially constant in amniotic cells of young, but more variable in older embryos. The somatic number is 44. Part II deals with the chromosomes of race crosses (Flemmish Giant X Polish) in which the homologous chromosomes were found to be alike. Part III deals with spermatogenesis. There are forty-four chromosomes in spermatogonia, and twenty-two in primary spermatocytes. The sex chromosomes are of the usual X-Y type.
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    Notes: 1Monovalent cation salts induce reversal in the direction of the stroke of the cilia; bivalent and trivalent cation salts with a few exceptions do not. Some acids induce reversal, others do not.2The duration of reversed action varies with the kind of salt and with the concentration. As the concentration increases, the duration of reversed action increases to a maximum and then decreases to zero.3Bivalent and trivalent cation salts neutralize the effect of monovalent cation salts. The relative amount required varies with the kind of salt used and with the concentration.4The amount of a given salt required to neutralize another salt is not proportional to the concentration of the salt neutralized. Weber's law does not hold.5The results seem to indicate that ciliary reversal is associated with differential adsorption and consequent changes in electric potential, but that there are also other factors involved.
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    Notes: A special type of cell, called ‘Lichtzellen’ by Hesse, was found in the photosensitive regions of the earthworm. Wherever the epidermis is most sensitive to light these cells are most abundant. They are found in the epidermis of all segments of the body and also in nerve enlargements of the prostomium and the caudal segment, but the intersegmental and ventral regions of the different segments, except the more distal ones, contain none of them. They are supplied by nerves and each contains a characteristic inner structure, the optic organelle, composed of a large central hyaline structure, the lens, which is surrounded by a dense network of nerve fibrillae, the retinella. In hanging drops the lens was found to focus light in the region of the retinella irrespective of the direction of the rays.These cells are similar in structure and function to the visual cells in leeches. Available data indicate that these cells function as photoreceptors and that the fibrillae of the retinella are the direct receptors of light stimuli.Pigment is not associated with the photoreceptors in a way that suggests direct functional relationship, but there is a subepidermal pigment layer through which pinhole windows admit light along the path of nerves to each of the nerve enlargements containing photoreceptor cells. These windows open in such directions as to determine the direction of withdrawal of the worm.
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    Notes: The effect of removal of the liver has been noted in fishes, frogs, and turtles. As in the higher vertebrates, removal of the liver produced a fall in blood sugar and a loss in muscular tone. The lower vertebrates failed to respond to intravenous injections of glucose, as do the birds and mammals. They also fail to respond to maltose or levulose. The liver maintained the blood-sugar level in the lower vertebrates, which is necessary for the maintenance of life.The mechanism of carbohydrate metabolism in the lower vertebrates may be different from that in the higher ones, in that glucose, when injected intravenously, apparently exercises a progressively less beneficial effect on the characteristic hypoglycemic condition which follows the removal of the liver of mammals and cold-blooded vertebrates.
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    Journal of Morphology 41 (1925), S. 239-265 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper reports experiments with Fundulus heteroclitus to modify larval development by means of ultraviolet radiation. Eggs were exposed to radiation at various intervals after fertilization for varying periods of time. The results accord with previous work on fish teratology, and the developmental types obtained are essentially similar to those produced by chemicals, cold, and hybridization. The deviations from normal development occur in the same body regions as do those in other vertebrates whose early development has been modified by the action of radiation (x-rays, radium, etc.).The results of these experiments indicate that there is a non-specificity in susceptibility relations with the production of similar types of monsters for widely different reagents. That these eggs are differentially susceptible to the action of ultraviolet radiation is indicated by the fact that those regions which have the highest metabolic activity when an inhibiting influence is active are the ones most generally affected. Thus modifications of the nervous system, sense organs, circulatory system, tail region, and body axis result, respectively, in the production of varying degrees of cyclopia, inadequate circulation, short, stubby or bent, non-motile tails (some bifid), and anterior twinning.As these modifications may be produced by applying inhibiting influences during the first few minutes after fertilization, it is evident that there is in the egg at this stage some constitutional or physiological basis which determines early differences in susceptibility of its various parts.
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    Journal of Morphology 41 (1926), S. 427-439 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Webbing of toes or fingers in man is produced by a local arrest of development, causing retention of the normal embryonic webbing. This type of digital fusion involves only the skin, the skeleton being unaffected. The extensor tendons of the toes may sometimes be fused.Webbed digits occur normally in some marsupials, rodents, and insectivores, in a number of lemurs and catarrhines, and in the siamang and gorilla. They also may occur in varying degree in other Primates, notably Hylobates. An analysis of five new pedigrees together with those already published demonstrates that webbing of toes in man may be inherited in either a mendelian or sex-linked manner. In one case this character follows the course of the Y-chromosome.
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    Journal of Morphology 45 (1928) 
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    Notes: Amoeba proteus was raised in a modified and diluted Ringer solution. When the pH of this culture medium became less than 6.0, the normal activities of the amoebae were interfered with; and when a still lower pH was attained, the amoebae died off. The same was true when the pH became greater than 8.0. At neutrality the activities were subnormal, very dark, and rounded. The rate of locomotion of amoebae raised in solutions with a pH less than 7.0 showed a maximum rate of locomotion at pH 6.6, which decreased as the pH changed in either direction, dropping to a very low rate at pH 7.0 and above and also below 6.0. For amoebae raised at a pH above 7.0 the rate was maximum at pH 7.6 and decreased as the pH changed in either direction; it was low at pH 7.0 and below and also above 8.0.On increasing the external osmotic pressure of the medium it was found that the effects caused varied somewhat with the hydrogen-ion concentration. Small increases in osmotic pressure decreased the rate from the normal at pH 6.0 and 8.0, increased it at pH 6.6 and 7.6, and did not affect it at pH 7.0. Osmotic pressures above that produced by M/20 lactose caused locomotion to cease in a short time at all pH values.
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    Journal of Morphology 45 (1928), S. 209-231 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The highly specialized cranial musculature of the toadfish is characterized by the following features: 1Absence of intermandibularis and branchiomandibularis muscles.2Presence of levator premaxillaris muscle.3Very large branchial chamber, the outer wall of which is formed by seven branchiostegal rays connected by a strong fascia provided with muscles (oblique levators and adductors).4Highly developed masticator muscles (adductor mandibularis and pterygoids).5The rectus abdominis, sternohyoid, and hyohyoid muscles are attached by a median aponeurosis to the hyoid and basibranchial elements and directly to the hypobranchial cartilages; this muscle complex depresses the buccal floor in opposition to the geniohyoid.6The pelvic fins are in the jugular position.7Two narrow muscles connect the cleithrum with the fourth ceratobranchial.8The cranial musculature is obviously adapted to a carnivorous habit and particularly for increasing respiratory capacity under asphyxial conditions.
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    Journal of Morphology 45 (1928), S. 293-398 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Blindfolded persons walk, run, swim, row, and drive automobiles in clock-spring spiral paths of greater or less regularity when attempting a straightaway. The spirals turn either right or left in one and the same individual, and may do so even in one experiment. But either right or left turns predominate in the great majority of individuals, often to a high degree. The paths show marked individuality, and there is some ground for thinking there exists a correlation between temperamental differences and general character of path.The mechanism which produces the spiral path is not located in the locomotor organs, but in the central nervous system and is probably identical essentially with the spiral mechanism in other motile organisms, all of which move in spiral paths when there are no guiding senses to direct the path. The clock-spring spiral in man is interpreted as the expression in two dimensions of space of a helical spiral mechanism which seems to exist in all motile organisms moving in three dimensions of space and in amebas which move in two dimensions. In a large number of lower organisms the number of body lengths per spiral turn is almost constant, being about 4.5. The smallest regular swimming spirals in man are very close to this value, but the smallest regular walking spirals are somewhat larger. The fundamental spiral mechanism seems to be of molecular dimensions, and there seems to exist a demonstrable locomotor bilateral asymmetry in very nearly, if not quite, all organisms.
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    Journal of Morphology 45 (1928), S. 473-503 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A detailed study has been made of the anatomy of one of the fingernail shells, and preliminary observations on the life-history have been carried out. In its general organization Sphaerium notatum is very similar to the larger fresh-water lamellibranchs. A gastric shield, crystalline style, and style sac, very similar to those found in the stomach and intestine of Lampsilis, are present. A pair of slender muscles extending from the dorsal side of the body into the gills, and evidently not previously described, have been found. The nervous system consists of the typical three pairs of lamellibranchiate ganglia, with their connectives, accessory ganglia, and nerve fibers. Particular study was given to the statocysts and osphradia, and attention is called to the fact that the function commonly ascribed to the osphradia is incompatible with their position in the roof of the cloacal chamber.S. notatum, like all the Sphaeriidae, is hermaphroditic and viviparous. The gonads are paired racemose glands lying behind and below the stomach. The sperm-producing follicles form the anterior portion of each gonad and are somewhat smaller and more numerous than the ova-producing follicles which form the posterior portion. The young pass through the early stages of development in brood pouches in the gills and are expelled as relatively enormous individuals.Preliminary observations on the life-history indicate that reproduction reaches its height in the summer and that fertilization probably takes place during the late summer and fall.
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 45 (1928), S. 579-597 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When Menidia eggs are fertilized with Prionotus sperm, the Prionotus chromosomes react in the Menidia cytoplasmic medium just as they do in the cytoplasm of Fundulus eggs. There is lagging, non-disjunction, and elimination of chromosomes during the early cell divisions. The mitotic behavior of the Prionotus sperm in the Menidia egg also resembles the behavior of the sperm of Ctenolabrus in the same medium. This behavior which was expected from what was known concerning the mitotic behavior of the reciprocal crosses between Menidia and Fundulus and between Ctenolabrus and Prionotus and other intercrosses between the members of these two groups is regarded as a function of the physical state of the egg cytoplasm during the division phase of mitosis. This physical character forms the earliest differential factor in the development of these hybrids and shows no correlation with the width of the cross.A comparison of nine teleost crosses, in which both the development and the early mitotic behavior are known, with a rough numerical estimate of the width of the cross brought out the fact that development is most successful in crosses between nearly related species if mitosis is normal and in distantly related crosses if mitosis is abnormal. This indicates that nuclear relationship is also a factor in the development of hybrids.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Virulent hay-infusion cultures of Bacillus pyocyaneus are toxic to pure-line races of three species of paramecia, but these races may acquire a tolerance for this toxic agent. Races with acquired tolerance have been grown for long periods of time in toxic, pure cultures of B. pyocyaneus by means of the daily-isolation culture method, and here the average division rate is as high as, or higher than, in the chance-mixed bacterial cultures in which these protozoa are usually maintained in the laboratory. The tolerance is lost, however, when the paramecia are removed from the toxic cultures and grown for a number of generations in cultures of non-toxic bacteria.The toxic agent that is lethal to paramecía is probably the soluble toxin of B. pyocyaneus. The investigation shows that the agent is soluble and either thermolabile or volatile. It also shows that all deleterious substances, other than the soluble toxin, known to be produced in cultures of this bacillus, are non-lethal to paramecia.Hay-infusion cultures of Bacillus enteritidis were lethal to paramecia. All attempts to develop tolerance in paramecia for the toxic agent in these cultures failed.Under the experimental conditions that prevailed, diphtheria toxin was found to have no appreciable effect upon the division rate or death rate in three species of paramecia.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 34 (1920) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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