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  • Articles  (13,019)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (6,431)
  • General Chemistry  (5,330)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (1,254)
  • protoplasts  (4)
  • 1955-1959  (6,130)
  • 1935-1939  (6,889)
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  • Articles  (13,019)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protoplast technology for the breeding of top-fruit trees (Prunus, Pyrus, Malus, Rubus) and woody ornamentals (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 287-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: protoplasts ; protoclonal variation ; somatic hybridization ; top-fruit trees ; woody ornamentals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Until recently, temperate fruit trees and woody ornamentals have been regarded as recalcitrant to biotechnological breeding approaches based on protoplasts. This however should no longer be the case, as procedures are now available, not only for the regeneration of complete plants from protoplasts of various tissues of such species, but also for the exploitation of protoplast technology for their genetic manipulation. This paper will examine the recent advances and state of the art in this domain, with particular attention to the use of protoplast technology as a novel tool in the breeding of rosaceous top-fruit tree species and woody ornamentals. Problems and their solutions within the context of regenerating plants from isolated protoplasts of stone (Prunus spp.), pome (Pyrus spp., Malus spp.) and small (Rubus spp.) fruits, and of several shrubby ornamental genotypes (Lonicera spp., Weigela spp., Forsythia spp., Cotoneaster spp.) will be addressed. Interspecific (Prunus spinosa + Prunus cerasifera) and intergeneric (Forsythia spp. + Syringa spp.) somatic hybridization within this group of species, as well as the use of protoplasts for host/pathogen interaction studies (Pyrus/Erwinia amylovora) will also be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023958
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene specificity is maintained in transient expression assays with protoplasts derived from different tissues of barley (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: barley ; electroporation ; PEG-mediated DNA uptake ; promoter analysis ; protoplasts ; transient expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In some cereal species that are still recalcitrant to stable transformation and regeneration, transient expression in isolated protoplasts is a useful tool for the study of gene expression and regulation. We have successfully applied these techniques to barley protoplasts derived from developing endosperm, aleurone, leaves and roots in order to characterize functionally cis-acting motives in two gene promoters, corresponding to trypsin inhibitor BTI-CMe and to sucrose synthase Ss1. Gene specificity is maintained in transient expression assays with protoplasts isolated from these different barley tissues and the pattern of expression parallels the mRNA levels observed for the corresponding genes in the same tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023949
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The phenotypic characterisation of R2 generation transgenic rice plants under field and glasshouse conditions (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa L. cv. Taipei 309 ; rice ; protoplasts ; direct DNA uptake ; kanamycin-resistant transgenic plants ; field trial ; glasshouse trial ; neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II) gene ; gene expression and inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The phenotypes of seed progeny (R2 generation) of Oryza sativa L. cv. Taipei 309, which carried the neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II) gene, were compared with those of non-transformed, protoplast-derived plants of the same generation and non-transformed, seed-derived plants under field and glasshouse conditions. Under both conditions the transgenic plants were generally smaller, took longer to flower and had reduced fertility. Significant differences were observed between individuals within the group of transgenic plants. The npt II gene was present in most of the transgenic plants, but NPT II activity was only detected in a minority of individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023972
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the mechanism of transgene integration into plant protoplasts: improvement of the transformation rate (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 53-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: bleomycin ; direct gene transfer ; expression ; irradiation ; petunia ; protoplasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The production of transgenic plants by means of direct gene transfer to protoplasts is now a widely-used technique. The biological mechanisms underlying the transformation are still poorly understood, but many investigations have attempted to shed light on some components of this process. Varying the experimental conditions has in some cases led to better transformation rates, but further improvements of the protocols are possible. Such improvements will require a better understanding of how the alien DNA enters the cells, becomes integrated into the chromosomes and is treated as a part of the plant genome. Irradiation with sublethal doses of X-rays or UV-light has been shown to increase the transformation frequency, while certain drugs have been shown to act in a similar manner. The effects of these and other factors are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023930
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Silikone, XLIV. Umsetzung von Tetrachlorkohlenstoff mit Silicium (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 92 (1959), S. 1018-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei nochmaliger Untersuchung der Umsetzung von CCl4 mit Si/Cu-Gemischen werden, wie bereits bekannt, SiCl4, C2Cl4 und Si2Cl6 gefunden. Darüber hinaus lief eine direkte Synthese. Sie führte wahrscheinlich zur Bildung des allerdings dabei nicht nachgewiesenen Cl3C·SiCl3. Dagegen wurde die nach der direkten Synthese entstandene Verbindung C(SiCl3)4 erstmalig aufgefunden.  -  Die Entstehung der ebenfalls nachgewiesenen Verbindungen Cl3SiC·C⋮CC·SiCl3 und Cl3SiC·(Cl)C:C(Cl)C·SiCl3 wird durch Dechlorierungen des Cl3CC·SiCl3 mit Kupfer erklärt.  -  Für die neuen Verbindungen wurden Strukturbeweise geführt. Es wurden C2Cl4 und Cl3CC·SiCl3 mit Si/Cu-Gemischen umgesetzt. Die letzte Umsetzung ergab dieselben Reaktionsprodukte wie das CCl4, so daß auch bei diesem eine direkte Synthese über das Cl3CC·SiCl3 glaubhaft gemacht ist.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19590920504
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Struktur von Organoschwefelverbindungen, II. Eigenschaften von Thionitriten (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 92 (1959), S. 1048-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eigenschaften von tert.-Butylthionitrit, Triphenylmethylthionitrit und tert.-Butylthionitrat werden Rückschlüsse auf die Elektronenstruktur der schwefelhaltigen Gruppe gezogen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19590920507
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die säurekatalysierte Aldolreaktion des Formaldehyds mit Aceton. Zur Kenntnis der Anhydro-ennea-heptose. Die Synthese der Bisanhydro-ennea-heptose (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 92 (1959), S. 1072-1081 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Als weiteres Beispiel für die präparative Überlegenheit der säurekatalysierten Aldolreaktionen des Formaldehyds gegenüber den OH⊖-katalysierten wird über die Synthese der bisher unbekannten Bisanhydro-ennea-heptose, die das Ringsystem des 3.7-Dioxa-bicyclo-[1.3.3]-nonans enthält, berichtet.  -  Bei der Untersuchung des Verhaltens der Bisanhydro-ennea-heptose gegen Alkalien machten sich in der Abspaltbarkeit der Hydroxymethylgruppen charakteristische Unterschiede geltend, deren Erklärung in den konstitutionell-konstellativen Gegebenheiten zu suchen ist.  -  Bei dem Versuch einer Ringerweiterung an der Anhydro-ennea-heptose mit Diazomethan bildet sich eine Verbindung C9H16O5, die wahrscheinlich kein Derivat des Oxa-cycloheptanons-(4), sondern ein Derivat des Tetrahydro-γ-pyrons ist.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19590920510
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1-Veratryl-isochinolin-Derivate (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 92 (1959), S. 1092-1101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituierte Ammoniumsalze vom Typ I liefern mit Abkömmlingen des Phenylglyoxals in Methanol in glatter Reaktion Lactolid-Basen vom Typ II. Aus diesen lassen sich verschiedene Octa- bzw. Decahydroisochinolin-Derivate darstellen, die in 1-Stellung einen substituierten Benzylrest tragen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19590920513
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoxydation von Kohlenwasserstoffen, XXIII. Zur jodometrischen Bestimmung organischer Hydroperoxyde (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 92 (1959), S. 1115-1117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die jodometrische Bestimmung der Hydroperoxyde von Benzolkohlenwasserstoffen kann durch katalytische Wirkung von Kupferionen verbessert werden.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19590920517
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine vereinfachte Oligosaccharid-Synthese (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 92 (1959), S. 1135-1139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von Tetraacetyl-α-D-glucopyranosylbromid und Tetraacetyl-6-trityl-β-D-glucopyranose mit Silberperchlorat oder Silberfluoroborat in Nitromethan liefert in guter Ausbeute Octaacetyl-β-gentiobiose. Die gleiche Umsetzung mit einem Überschuß an Tetraacetyl-α-D-glucopyranosylbromid und Silberperchlorat führt zur Octaacetyl-α-gentiobiose. Es wird eine Deutung des Reaktionsablaufs gegeben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19590920521
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