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  • Articles  (8)
  • paleontology  (8)
  • Springer  (8)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 1970-1974  (8)
  • Geosciences  (8)
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  • Articles  (8)
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  • Springer  (8)
  • American Meteorological Society
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical classification applied to certain Jamaican eocene nummulitids (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 297-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: classification ; cluster analysis ; discriminant analysis ; numerical taxonomy ; paleontology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Eighty-eight specimens of Eocene nummulitids from the Yellow Limestone Formation of northwestern Jamaica are classified according to quantitative measurements of morphologic parameters that are generally considered to be taxonomically useful. The specimens are grouped into homogeneous classes by the computer screening of differently oriented data projections. By this method, the use of similarity coefficients and the question of a priori weighting of characters, for which numerical taxonomy has been heavily criticized, are both avoided. The stability of the classes thus obtained is validated by discriminant analysis. These techniques provide an objective view of phenetic differences among specimens and show how the measured characters produce those differences. Tightness of coiling and total number of whorls, prove to be the most useful features in discriminating between groups but seem to have taxonomic value only at the specific and not at the generic level. This suggests that the generaOperculinoides andNummulites are synonymous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02045797
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    General equations for volume and surface area of a logarithmically coiled shell (1972)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 4 (1972), S. 307-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: mathematics ; paleoecology ; paleontology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The equations of Moseley for the volume and surface area of a coiled shell have been rewritten in their most general forms. The general volume equation has been tested with 15 gastropods and found to give satisfactory results wherever there are no significant ontogenetic changes in the shell geometry. The equations provide a means for calculating the carbonate efficiency of a coiled shell. With this parameter analyzed into its component parts, it has been possible to understand the relationships between aspects of shell calcification and environmental factors that affect calcium carbonate availability. Preliminary studies indicate that it also may be possible to discriminate morphologically between terrestrial and aquatic gastropods, the various gastropod modes of life, and higher taxonomic categories. These equations offer possibilities for other studies concerned with the ecology, paleoecology, and evolution of coiled shells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114092
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary assessment of a nonlinear mapping algorithm in a geological context (1973)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 5 (1973), S. 39-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: classification ; cluster analysis ; dimensionality reduction ; mapping ; multivariate analysis ; principal-components analysis ; general geology ; geochemistry ; paleontology ; petrology ; stratigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A new algorithm has been developed by J. W. Sammon for the nonlinear-point mapping of high-dimensional data in two dimensions such that the inherent structure of the data is approximately preserved. This paper describes results using several sets of geologic data including stratigraphic thickness, petrographic modal analysis, and morphological or geochemical measurements. Comparisons are made with hierarchical cluster analysis using dendrogram representation. Initial results are encouraging and suggest that the technique could have widespread geological applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114086
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multivariate normality in morphometric analysis (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 357-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: multivariate analysis ; normality ; statistics ; paleontology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Data on some living (salamanders and grasshoppers) and fossil (Devonian brachiopods) animals are analyzed by means of recently developed methods for the large-scale treatment of multivariate normality. Multivariate nonnormality was found to exist in all situations, even if the univariate deviations in the skewness and kurtosis statistics proved to be without significance for the most part. The effect of logarithmically transforming the data appears to be a mixed blessing. Apart from the fact that the investigator is removed one step from the biological relationships in his data by carrying out a transformation of them, the betterment in the multivariate interconnections with respect to normality tends to be slight, despite the general improvement in the univariate values. The relationship between sample size and the multivariate normality measures b1,p and b2,p are studied empirically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02083357
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogeny of a Miocene pelecypod (1973)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 5 (1973), S. 73-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: allometric equations ; correlation and regression ; principal-components analysis ; statistics ; allometric growth ; ontogeny ; paleontology ; relative growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Relative growth of the Miocene pelecypod Glycymeris parilis (Conrad) was examined using allometric equations and principal components. Different parts of the shell showed contrasting growth strategies that were dictated by functional morphology and basic shell geometry. Despite the divergent developmental strategies, 93 percent of the correlation matrix variance is accounted for by overall size increase. The remaining variance mainly represents growth of the teeth, which differed considerably from other variables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114088
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The statistical zap versus the shotgun approach (1974)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 6 (1974), S. 311-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: canonical correlation ; cluster analysis ; correlation ; discriminant analysis ; factor analysis ; multivariate analysis ; numerical taxonomy ; principal coordinates ; regression analysis ; statistics ; allometry ; eurypterids ; integration and coordination ; ontogeny ; paleontology ; relative growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Multivariate analysis is used in the search for one or more types of structure. The statistical zap applies a single method to determine one preselected type of structure. Several zaps suffice to ascertain several types of structure. The statistical shotgun represents an alternative approach. Here, a series of methods is applied to the data with the intent of ascertaining all possible types of structure that may exist. If strong structure is present, an appropriate zap will probably reveal it, and a variety of techniques will determine the same general structure. If only the main structure is required, the zap is adequate. In this situation, the shotgun will display a basic consistency which is at least reassuring. However, zaps may fail to detect a more subtle secondary structure of geological interest which will be displayed by the shotgun. For weakly structured data, a zap will only determine one type of structure but the shotgun reveals all. Study of the ontogeny of Parastylonurus myops(Clarke), a Lower Silurian eurypterid from New York (USA) shows the virtues of the statistical shotgun.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02082354
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foraminiferal associations of the Mid-Tertiary Edegem Sands at Terhagen, Belgium (1974)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 6 (1974), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: factor analysis ; paleoecology ; paleontology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A factor-analytic approach (varimax rotated factors) was used in studying the benthonic foraminiferal associations of the Mid-Tertiary Edegem Sands at Terhagen (near Antwerpen) Belgium. The fauna can be described by two groups. The lower and upper part of the stratigraphic section are characterized by one group and the middle transitional part by a second group. The results can be correlated with the number of the planktonic forms and with the fossil richness of the sediment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02111923
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical techniques and their application in palynology (1973)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 5 (1973), S. 297-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: statistics ; general geology ; paleontology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The basic principals of hypothesis testing are reviewed, including the development of the hypothesis, the statistical assumptions made, and the test of the hypothesis. The appropriate experimental design and sampling technique for evaluation of hypotheses posed are discussed. Because the analysis of variance involving the F-test should be used in a wide variety of geological experiments, emphasis is placed on this analysis. Many geological experiments result in the measurement of one or more factors on a continuous scale, whereas others are recorded in a discrete fashion. This necessitates the use of a covariance analysis to evaluate the effect of discrete and continuous factors in the same model. Orthogonal comparisons are discussed as they are used to evaluate specific hypotheses following the general test of hypothesis in the analysis of variance or covariance. All procedures discussed are illustrated using actual palynofloral data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02111816
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