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  • Articles  (1,359)
  • Chemical Engineering  (1,359)
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Polymer and Materials Science
  • 1970-1974  (1,359)
  • 1950-1954
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (1,359)
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  • Articles  (1,359)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical formulas for disk filters (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 36-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Formulas relating the rate of filtrate flow in a sectioned disk filter to the process variables are derived. It is demonstrated that an optimum inner radius which yields a maximum flow of filtrate can be chosen. Flow rates for drum and disk filters operating under similar conditions are compared.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200104
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the normal stress extruder (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 67-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical and experimental investigation of the pumping characteristics of the normal stress extruder was made. The theoretical model requires only material property data and extruder dimensions and rotation speed to evaluate the main velocity field, flow rate, and pressure. The flow from the extruder was measured for two viscoelastic polymer solutions and a polymer melt as a function of gap setting and angular velocity. These measurements were in reasonable agreement with the proposed model.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200108
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt effects on vapor-liquid equilibrium: Some anomalies (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental data are presented for five systems, each consisting of water, an alcohol (methanol or ethanol), and an inorganic salt dissolved to saturation in the boiling liquid phase. The data confirm and extend knowledge of recently discovered anomalies to the general theory of salt effect in vapor-liquid equilibrium. A partial accounting for the observed anomalies is attempted based on recent advances in the understanding of the structural nature of alcohol-water mixtures.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorination of sulfur dioxide in a plasma arc photochemical reactor: Part I. Reactor performance (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This is a study of a photochemical reactor consisting of a vortex-stabilized arc and an annular, triple-walled, fused silica reaction chamber. An argon arc plasma provides the light. For power inputs of 3-12 kw, the spectral output of the light source was characterized as a function of wavelength, arc-gas flow rate, power input to the arc, and position along the arc. For power inputs of 3.84 and 8.45 kw, there were, respectively, 0.314 and 0.862 einsteins emitted per hour in the 2500 to 5000Å wavelength region. Selective filter solutions of 1.5N KNO3 and 0.05N KI were investigated. A reactor analysis is presented, based on mass and energy balances, and the geometrical properties of the system.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200118
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical engineers' handbook, R. H. Perry and C. H. Chilton (eds.), McGraw-Hill, New York (1973). $35.00 (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 205-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200140
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 207-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200145
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200101
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collision breeding: A function of crystal moments and degree of mixing (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental procedure based on continuous crystal seeding was developed which can explicitly determine the fundamental relationship between collision breeding and the leading moments of the crystal size distribution. For the aqueous, cooling crystallization of potassium dichromate, the analysis determined that only the mass moment was successful in correlating observations subject to crystal seeding.It was also observed that mixing may have a pronounced effect on the nucleation rate but that kinetic orders for collision breeding and growth rate were independent of mixing.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200105
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of fixed bed sorption: Flue gas desulfurization (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 94-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Temperature and concentration profiles are obtained by solution of the coupled nonlinear differential equations which describe transient operation of an adiabatic fixed bed reactor. The unreacted-shrinking core mechanism describes the multiple, irreversible, exothermic gas-solid reactions. Numerical integration is accomplished by a predictor-corrector scheme which is programmed in Fortran IV language. The influence of kinetic parameters, heat and mass diffusivities within pellets, temperature variation of properties, gas velocity, bed and particle dimensions, inlet gas temperature and composition, and initial bed temperature on reactor performance are studied for sulfur dioxide removal from flue gases by fixed beds of copper oxide. Comparison with commercial reactors is in qualitative agreement.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200112
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent drag reduction in polymeric solutions containing suspended fibers (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 128-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Both polymeric solutions and fiber suspensions have separately been known to exhibit drag reduction under turbulent flow conditions. It has recently been shown that the mechanisms of drag reduction differ appreciably in these two kinds of systems.The objective of this study was to show that both mechanisms may be exploited concomitantly to achieve unusually low friction factors. Drag reductions in excess of 95% have been obtained in a 2.4-cm tube and there is no evidence that even more dramatic results could not be obtained under optimal conditions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200116
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic properties of sea salt solutions (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 326-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based on new experimental data presented for the boiling point elevation of natural sea water solutions, smoothed tabular values are presented for boiling point elevation (BPE), osmotic coefficient, water activity, osmotic pressure, and minimum separation energy to 200°C and 12% sea salt.The concentration of sodium chloride solutions having the same water activities as sea salt solutions is also presented.Rigorous thermodynamics and the equations for strong electrolytes by Bromley (1973) were used for the correlation together with previously obtained heat capacity and enthalpy data and equations. A simplified equation is presented for boiling point elevation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200218
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon dioxide-ethane phase equilibrium and densities from experimental measurements and the B-W-R equation (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 357-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Liquid composition-total pressure and liquid composition-liquid density data for the carbon dioxide-ethane system were measured at -31.7°, -17.8°, -3.9°, and 10.0°C (-25°, 0°, 25°, and 50°F ± 0.02°F), from 0 to 80 mole % CO2 at 10°C and 0 to 100% CO2 for the other isotherms. The Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation of state with a modified A0 mixing rule was used to correlate the composition-pressure data, with deviations in predicted pressures of only 0.8% average and 2% maximum. Vapor-liquid equilibrium compositions and component K values y/x were then predicted for this minimum boiling azeotrope system from 10° down to -56.7°C (50° to -70°F).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200223
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fault tree synthesis for chemical processes (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 376-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper outlines the concepts for a systematic approach to the safety analysis of chemical processing systems. A procedure for automatically generating fault trees is presented. The fault trees describe nearly all the failure modes for the system under analysis. The fault tree generation procedure uses information on (1) the description of the system (detailed flowsheet), (2) physical and chemical properties of materials in and around the system, and (3) unit models which describe the behavior of the units within the system and which are assembled to describe the behavior of the complete system. The unit models are connected to form an information flow structure for the complete processing system. Unit failure models are also defined for common chemical units. By systematically defining hazard states and searching the information flow structure for the system, it is possible to generate fault trees for the complete process. An analysis of the fault trees can reveal the important failure modes for the process.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200226
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    nth - Order reaction with mole changes in porous catalysts in the molecular, transition, and Knudsen regimes (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 391-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200228
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of the dew point locus in methane-light hydrocarbon binary systems in the neighborhood of the methane critical point (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 399-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200232
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a soft impeller coating on the net formation of secondary nuclei (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 410-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200236
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic principles and calculations in chemical engineering, 3rd edit, David M. Himmelblau, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N. J. (1974). 542 pages. $15.95 (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 413-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200239
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200301
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of failure-safe operations (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 320-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods are developed for the computer-aided synthesis of sequences of valve operations to reach complex operation goals with safety. Given dangerous events which must not occur and operation goals to be reached, sequences of valve openings and closings are formed rapidly for industrially significant problems.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200217
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fully developed viscous - flow heat transfer in curved circular tubes with uniform wall temperature (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 340-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fully developed forced-convective heat transfer to viscous flow of a constant-property Newtonian fluid in curved circular tubes was studied theoretically for a uniform-wall-temperature boundary condition. Numerical solutions were obtained over a wide range of Prandtl numbers for Dean numbers as large as 1,200. The curvature ratio (radius of bend/inside radius of tube) was included as an independent parameter and, for values as small as 10, was found to have a negligible effect on the peripherally averaged Nusselt number. The average Nusselt numbers for the important Prandtl number range of 0.7 to 5 were correlated by NNu = 0.836 NDe0.5 NPr0.1 for NDe ≥ 80.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200220
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure drop and holdup in stratified gas-liquid flow (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 664-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model and an iterative procedure to calculate holdup and pressure drop in horizontal gas-liquid flow is developed. The predictions of the model agree with well over a hundred data points collected with air-water and air-glycerine solutions in 0.0254-, 0.0381-, and 0.0508-m. diameter pilot pipelines. A design procedure using the verified model is presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200406
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical characteristics of thin, wavy films: Part II. Studies of the substrate and its wave structure (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 695-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Waves on falling liquid film display certain random features. At least two classes of such random waves are shown to exist; large waves which carry the bulk of the fluid and small waves which cover a substrate film that exists between large waves. It is shown that the statistics of the substrate thicknes and its wave structure can be extracted from measurements of the variation of film thickness with time. A theory is presented for calculating the mean substrate thickness and the substrate flow rate. The statistics of the wave structure is presented and compared with existing theory. The importance of the substrate in controlling transfer processes is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200410
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraparticle mass transport in liquid-filled pores (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 728-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Adsorption rate data were measured at 25° to 75°C for benzaldehyde on polymeric, porous Amberlite particles. When the benzaldehyde is dissolved in methanol, the adsorption capacity is very low. Data for methanol solutions gave reasonable values for intraparticle diffusivities based solely on transport in the pore volume. For adsorption from aqueous solution (where the adsorption capacity was high), the contribution of surface diffusion was important.From the two sets of data it was possible to evaluate average effective surface diffusivities by using a model based upon both pore-volume and surface transport. These values were about 10-8 cm2/s and were sufficiently sensitive to temperature to give activation energies of 7 to 9 k cal/mole.For the more hydrophobic Amberlite, XAD-4, surface transport was many times as large as pore-volume diffusion.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200414
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatographic investigation of the oxygen exchange reaction between carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 762-770 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The theory of perturbation chromatography and isotopic tracers has been applied to the investigation of the oxygen exchange reaction between carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the presence of a copper-zinc oxide catalyst at 205°C and atmospheric pressure. By analyzing the retention times of carbon-14 monoxide and carbon-14 dioxide tracers in six binary carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide carrier gas streams, it has been possible to shed light on the mechanism of the exchange reaction. Two types of carbon monoxide adsorption and two types of carbon dioxide adsorption were identified. Based on a numerical simulation of the experimental data, it has been concluded that the exchange reaction proceeds via the dissociative adsorption of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, the surface oxygen species formed during the dissociative adsorption of carbon dioxide appears to be the active site for the exchange reaction.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200418
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Kinetics of ice crystallization in sugar solutions and fruit juices (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 795-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ice-crystal secondary nucleation kinetics are derived from thermal response experiments carried out with concentrated sugar solutions and fruit juices. Variables studied include the level of supersaturation, power input, sugar concentration, sugar type, and the presence of high-molecular-weight additives. The nucleation rate is indicated to have a low-order dependence upon subcooling (about 1.25 power) for subcoolings in the range 0.25 to 1.00°C. Fruit juices are well modeled by the corresponding synthetic sugar solution. The selection and improvement of processing approaches for freeze concentration of food liquids are discussed in light of the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200422
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  • 26
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    An example of the effect of chemical interactions on transport phenomena (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 819-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200426
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  • 27
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    Causes, magnitude, and effects of temperature fluctuations (flickering) of catalytic wires and gauzes (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 571-581 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental study has confirmed a theoretical prediction that, when an exothermic mass transfer limited chemical reaction occurs on a single catalytic wire for which the parameter a [Equation (11)] is large, temperature fluctuations (flickering) of large amplitude must be induced by concentration fluctuations. A simplified model is presented for predicting the magnitude of flickering in industrial convertors for which the parameter a is usually large. The model should be useful in estimating the influence of improved mixing of the reactants on the reduction in precious metal loss from the gauze.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200319
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
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    Joule-Thomson coefficients of argon-carbon dioxide mixtures (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 803-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Adiabatic Joule-Thomson coefficients are presented for argon and two argon-carbon dioxide mixtures (46.4% CO2 and 75.4% CO2) in the single-phase part of the range: -120 〈 T 〈110°C, P 〈 190 atm. Results are analyzed in terms of the virial equation (including terms to account for the quadrupole moment of CO2), several forms of the Redlich-Kwong equation, and the Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation. In general, the best results were obtained by the Redlich-Kwong equation as modified by Barner et al. (1966).
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200423
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  • 29
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    A coating technique for mass transfer spheres (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 823-824 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    An introduction to process dynamics and control, Thomas W. Weber, John Wiley, New York (1974). 434 pages. $19.95 (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 829-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200432
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    Processes for major addition-type plastics and their monomers, Lyle F. Albright, McGfaw-Hill, New York (1974). 385 pages $22.50 (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 831-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200436
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    Laboratory reactors and their limitations (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 833-840 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Choosing the type of laboratory reactor for evaluating process kinetics may be the most crucial step in an industrial process development program. Not only would a wrong choice result in expensive delays, but data may be obtained which would scale-up erroneously, leading to a disastrous commercial design. Some of the pitfalls and limitations of various laboratory reactors are discussed for some typically complex industrial reaction systems. A modus operandi is suggested for choosing from among the potential reactors those that have the best chance of supplying the desired data. As is typical of many complex industrial reaction systems, no one reactor turns out to be ideal and many times the building of two or more types is advantageous.
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    Effect of mass transfer on laminar jet breakup: Part I. Liquid jets in gases (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 863-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The instability and breakup of laminar liquid jets in gaseous surroundings is investigated for conditions under which a solute is transferring across the jet interface rendering the system susceptible to Marangoni convection. Linear hydrodynamic stability analysis reveals that solute transfer out of the jet is stabilizing (produces longer jets) while transfer into the jet is destabilizing and promotes breakup. Solute adsorption, including as a limiting case the presence of a spread surfactant monolayer, may strongly counteract the stabilizing or destabilizing effects of mass transfer but has only a negligible effect on jet stability in the absence of interphase mass transfer. Qualitative experimental results for water jets in air with acetone as the transferring solute corroborate both the stabilizing and destabilizing mass transfer effects predicted by the theory.
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    Corresponding states. III. Henry's constants for nonpolar binary mixtures (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 906-915 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A Henry's constant correlation is developed from a macroscopic Corresponding states theory for fluid mixtures. The method requires three interaction parameters which are correlated for mixtures of paraffin with nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, or another paraffin. Henry's constants can be calculated by this method to within experimental accuracy (about ± 5%) for the mixtures tested.
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    Liquid diffusion of nonelectrolytes: Part II (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1-20 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Part II of the review paper covers the self-diffusion theories and their comparison with experimental results. This is followed by a review of empirical and semi-empirical predictive equations of mutual and self-diffusion coefficients. Recent developments in experimental techniques for measuring liquid diffusivities are discussed in the last section. A supplement of experimental diffusion data since 1956 is available.
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    A theoretical model for enzymatic catalysis using asymmetric hollow fiber membranes (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 50-59 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The behavior of an immobilized enzyme reactor utilizing asymmetric hollow fibers is simulated using a theoretical model. In this reactor, an enzyme solution contained within the annular open-cell porous support structure of the fiber is separated from a substrate flowing through the fiber lumen by an ultrathin dense membrane impermeable to enzyme but permeable to substrate and product. The coupled set of model equations describing the behavior of this reactor represents an extended Graetz problem in the fiber lumen, with diffusion through the ultrathin fiber skin and reaction in the microporous sponge region. Exact analytic expressions for substrate concentration profiles throughout an idealized fiber which incorporate the membrane and hydrodynamic mass transfer resistances are obtained for a first-order enzyme reaction, and numerical techniques for their evaluation are given. This analysis is extended to yield a numerical finite difference solution for nonlinear Michaelis-Menten reaction kinetics, which is shown to agree with the analytic solution, as Km/C0, the ratio of the Michaelis constant to the initial substrate concentration, becomes large (〉 100).
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    On the oxidation of fuel nitrogen in a diffusion flame (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 81-87 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetic mechanisms of fuel nitrogen conversion to NO and N2 in a diffusion flame were investigated. A simple model of a diffusion flame in which the reaction zone has a finite thickness was developed. The purpose of this model was to allow the testing of complex kinetic mechanisms of pollutant formation under conditions where the fuel and oxidant feed rates are controlled by diffusion. A simple kinetic mechanism in which fuel nitrogen was simulated by nitrogen atoms showed the correct functional dependence of nitric oxide emissions on fuel nitrogen content. The model also predicts a significant effect of combustion intensity and temperature on fuel nitrogen conversion. For the hydrogen air diffusion flame the Zeldovich reaction mechanism could account for the production of N2 as well as NO.
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    On meeting the provisions of the clean air act (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 118-127 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general structure is proposed for determining a set of long-term (multi-year) source control measures which achieve specified levels of air quality for an airshed at least cost. Such a structure is useful in evaluating alternative air pollution abatement strategies from the standpoint of air quality and total cost. The theory is applied to the problem of evaluating sets of control actions over the period 1973-1975 in Los Angeles. Costs of achieving various levels of air quality in Los Angeles over this period are determined.
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    Generalized f/P, ZT and ZP values for liquids at low reduced temperatures (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 109-118 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The three-parameter correlation of Pitzer et al. for fugacity coefficients (f/P) has been extended to liquids in the 0.5 ≤ Tr ≤ 0.8 and 0.2 ≤ Pr ≤ 9.0 region. In addition, values of the derivative compressibility factors ZT and ZP have also been obtained in the same region. This extension is based on the generalized correlation of the compressibility factor Z recently reported. The isothermal coefficient of bulk compressibility βT compiled by Rowlinson has been employed with the pressure effect on βT taken into consideration. The correlation for f/P obtained in this work is compared with that of Curl and Pitzer at Tr = 0.8, Chao et al. at Tr from 0.50 to 0.70, and that of Carruth and Kobayashi in the 0.50 ≤ Tr ≤ 0.64 region. Using the tabulated ZP and ZT values \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{H^* - H}}{{T_c }},{\rm }\left ({\frac{{\partial V}}{{\partial P}}} \right)_T $\end{document}, and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left ({\frac{{\partial V}}{{\partial T}}} \right)_P $\end{document} have been calculated and compared satisfactorily with the corresponding values derived from literature data. In addition, a correlation of vapor pressures of both hydrocarbons and nonhydrocarbons is also presented. The agreement between this correlation and those reported by Pitzer et al. and Carruth and Kobayashi is very satisfactory.
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    Developing pressure profiles for non-Newtonian flow in an annular duct (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 154-158 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A steady, laminar, isothermal flow of non-Newtonian fluids in the entrance region of an annulus has been studied experimentally. The axial pressure distributions, as well as the excess pressure energy, in the developing flow region are presented. The loss coefficients are found to increase with increasing flow behavior index for inelastic power law fluids. The experimental values of the loss coefficients are about 20% lower than those predicted from the boundary-layer approximation method presented earlier. A preliminary result indicates that the entrance loss for a viscoelastic fluid is much smaller than that for the inelastic fluid of the same flow behavior index.
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    Theoretical development and experimental verification of a novel, well-mixed vessel (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 166-171 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mixing characteristics of a vessel containing no moving parts have been studied theroretically and experimentally. The vessel consists of two chambers separated by a porous barrier. Mixing results because elements of fluid permeating the barrier at various distances from the inlet reside for different periods of time within the vessel and combine with other elements having entered earlier and later. An apparatus was designed a priori and experimentally verfied to give a residence-time distribution function the same as a completely mixed vessel. The method was extended to show that in principle a vessel exhibiting any residence-time distribution function can be designed by modifying the geometries of the chambers and the porous barrier.
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    Modifications in bubbly flow on antifoam addition (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 178-180 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Gravitational instability in the thermal entry region with liquid film flow (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 194-197 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200134
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    Advences in polymer sciences and engineering, K. D. Pae, D. R. Morrow, and Y. Chen (eds)., Plenum Press, New York (1972). 346 pages. $19.50 (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 205-205 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200138
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    Engine emissions, George S. Springer and Donold J. Patterson (eds.), Plenum Press, New York-London (1973). 371 pages. $28.50 (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 206-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200143
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    Masthead (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974) 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200201
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    Steady state multiplicity and stability in an adiabatic controlled cycled stirred tank reactor (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 256-263 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Steady state multiplicity in exothermic adiabatic reaction systems has previously been demonstrated by a number of authors. Specifically, the work of Root and Schmitz proved the existence of multiple steady states in a loop reactor, but difficulty was encountered in controlling such a reaction system at the intermediate steady states.Since a close analogy can be demonstrated between loop reactors and controlled cycled reactors (CCTR), it appeared reasonable to attempt to achieve steady state multiplicity in a CCTR. When the chemical reaction of Root and Schmitz was carried out in a CCTR, it proved relatively easy to obtain experimental values of intermediate steady statesf and to control the reactor at these conditions by means of a simple on-off temperature controller.This work suggests that chemical systems displaying steady state multiplicity can be experimentally investigated in a CCTR and that cyclic operation may be the best way for controlling such reactions systems.
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    Simultaneous measurement of interfacial area and mass transfer coefficients for a well - mixed gas dispersion in aqueous electrolyte solutions (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 285-294 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new measuring technique involving concurrent chemical absorption of carbon dioxide and desorption of oxygen is developed for simultaneously evaluating the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient kL and the specific area a of sparingly-soluble gas dispersions in stirred tanks containing an aqueous solution of inorganic electrolytes. The method ensures that kL and a are evaluated under consistent hydrodynamic conditions.Results from three different nonviscous systems show that at high agitation power, such that the average bubble diameter is between 0.2 and 2 mm, kL decreases with increasing power input and is dependent on the bubble diameter. This behavior is in contrast to the results of others at lower agitation levels or in nonelectrolytic liquids, but in general agreement with previous results for bubbles of the same diameter range produced in viscous, nonelectrolytic solutions.
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    Computer-aided safety interlock systems (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 311-319 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Since operation error is a major factor contributing to industrial disaster, it is necessary to develop safety interlock systems which prevent modes of operation that are known to be dangerous. It is not possible to foresee all the disruptions that might occur and, for this reason, an a priori analysis of safety problems is incomplete. At each step in operation the state of the process must be updated if hazardous conditions are to be avoided. To a large extent this is a problem in logic which can be handled rapidly by the computer using the methods developed here.
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    Measurement and prediction of high-pressure phase equilibria with a dilute component in the gas phase: The methane-n-hexane system (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 347-353 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The design of vapor recovery processes requires very accurate vapor-liquid equilibria data. In this work the problem is attacked from both an experimental and a correlational viewpoint, and the methane-n-hexane system is chosen for study. A predictive model for vapor-liquid equilibrium aids in the interpretation of the experimental measurements, and data acquired in this study agree closely with the theoretical predictions. Maximum deviation between calculated and experimental equilibrium ratios (yi/xi) is 8.5% with average absolute deviations of 3% for n-hexane and 0.1% for methane. Several procedures are described for checking the accuracy of experimental VLE data when a heavy vapor is present at low concentrations in the gas phase. Several potential sources of experimental error are also identified and discussed.
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    An effective numerical integration method for typical stiff systems (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 368-375 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: There is an equivalence between stiff and singularly perturbed systems of ordinary differential equations. This feature is exploited in this paper by numerically employing recent singular perturbation methods to attack troublesome boundary layer stage of the solution in which some variables have very short response times. The numerical method affords a means of essentially determining the thickness of this boundary layer. The algorithm is capable of high stability and accuracy for the commonly occurring stiff system, whether or not it is in singularly perturbed form. Application to a singularly perturbed reaction system and a highly stiff reactor system not in singularly perturbed form demonstrate the effectiveness and utility of this approach.
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    Importance of slip velocity in determining growth and nucleation kinetics in continuous crystallization (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 388-390 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Dilute polymer solution pressure hole errors in turbulent boundary layers (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 393-394 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Induction-period kinetics in acrylamide photopolymerization (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 404-407 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Flow of a liquid film down a slightly inclined tube (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 408-410 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Dust explosions and fires, K. N. Palmer, Chapman and Hall Ltd., London (1973). 396 pages. $18.50 (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 414-414 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200240
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    Transfer processes, D. K. Edwards, V. E. Denny, and A. F. Mills, Holt, Rinehart, Winston, Inc., New York (1973) 361 pages. $15.00 (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 414-414 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200242
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    Principles of heat transfer, 3rd edit., Frank Kreith, Intext Educational Publishers, New York (1973). 656 pages. $15.0 (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 415-415 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200244
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    Scale-up of agitated vessels gas-liquid mass transfer (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 445-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Procedures are developed for predicting liquid film controlled mass transfer in gas sparged contactors with and without mechanical agitation. Mass transfer is shown to depend on mean bubble size. Bubble shape, motion, and interface fluctuations are all properties that are associated with bubble size, which, in turn, can be determined from the physical characteristics of the contacting system.Experimental measurements were made on CO2 stripping from aqueous solution with air in 0.00252, 0.0252, and 0.252 m3 tanks. The vessels were geometrically similar, fully baffled, and equipped with four flat-blade impellers and spargers. These measurements are used to evaluate earlier correlations and to develop improved scale-up procedures.
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    Simulation of the precipitation of silver bromide photographic emulsions (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 467-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nucleation and crystal growth processes involved in the batch precipitation of photographic emulsions by the addition of silver nitrate to an aqueous solution of bromide and gelatin have been reasonably successfully modeled. Simulation predicts the known increase in average crystal size with increased addition time, with increased temperature, and with increased halide levels. Solubility is related to crystal size by the Gibbs-Thomson equation. The predicted decrease in the number of crystals during the course of precipitation is similar to published data, but there are quantitative differences. The model is very sensitive to variations in the constant in the growth equation, but not to variations in the constants in the nucleation equation.
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    Effect of diffusional limitations on lineweaver-burk plots for immobilized enzymes (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 503-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lineweaver-Burk plots of reaction rate data obtained with immobilized enzymes need not be linear even when intrinsic enzyme kinetics follow the simple Michaelis-Menten rate expression. Theoretical calculations show that mass transfer effects may cause curvature which is concave or convex to the abscissa, depending upon experimental conditions. Consequently, graphical procedures commonly employed for analysis of soluble enzyme kinetics may yield misleading results when applied to immobilized enzymes. Three approaches which follow from the behavior of numerical and asymptotic solutions to the problem are proposed for extraction of intrinsic kinetic information.
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    Stabilizing effects of surfactants on pseudoplastic falling films (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 551-555 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of nonionic surfactants on thin-film flow of pseudoplastic non-Newtonian liquids down a smooth vertical plate have been studied experimentally. For all liquids examined there was a surfactant concentration at which the stabilizing action of surfactants was maximized. Comparison with experimental data showed that an existing equation, developed for the stabilizing action of surfactants on thin-film flow of Newtonian fluids, may be used to predict the effect of surfactants on the stability of pseudoplastic thin-film flow by using the zero-shear rate apparent viscosity in place of the Newtonian viscosity.
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    Studies of coalescence and phase separation in thick dispersion bands (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 564-570 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A refractive index matching technique has been developed to study the behavior and coalescence phenomena of drops in closely packed dispersion bands. The frequency of drop-drop coalescence has been measured and correlated, and a mathematical model, based on film rupture thickness, has been written for solution by computer to predict dispersion band thickness as a function of inlet drop size, flow rate, and the physical properties of the system.
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    Maximum drop size produced by pneumatic atomization (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 595-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Fluid injection through one side of a long vertical channel (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 603-605 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    An analytical expression for correlating Z values for liquids at low reduced temperatures (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 616-617 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    Proceedings of the fifth international congress on catalysis, Joe W. Hightower (ed.), North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam (1973). 2 volumes, 1,483 pages. $79 (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 621-622 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Masthead (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974) 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Influence of crystal size on the rate of contact nucleation in stirred-tank crystallizers (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 653-659 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of seed crystal size on the rate of nucleation in batch stirred-tank crystallizers. Experimental results confirm the existence of such an effect. Nucleation rate data are correlated with a second-order polynomial in seed crystal size; coefficients of the correlation are functions of the solute-solvent system, crystallizer geometry, and mixing conditions. The empirical correlation is incorporated into a population balance model for determining the nucleation rate in multi-seed crystallizers. The observed results are explained in terms of variations in impact energy, circulation frequency, and target efficiency.
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    Growth of nickel sulfate in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed crystallizer (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 678-687 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth and dissolution rates of nickel sulfate α-hexahydrate were measured as functions of the concentration driving force in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed crystallizer for the temperature range 35° to 50°C and the crystal size range 0.5 to 4.0 mm.Dissolution rates at a given temperature and crystal size were first order in the concentration driving force. Growth rates were about one-quarter of dissolution rates and depended on a higher exponent (around 1.3) of the concentration driving force. This exponent was not significantly affected by variations in crystal size, but decreased as temperature increased. The apparent variation of growth rate itself with crystal size at constant temperature was slight. Growth rates were found to be insensitive to solids concentration.
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    Application of quasilinearization to methane pyrolysis (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 720-727 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate constants appearing in differential equations derived from proposed mechanisms for methane pyrolysis were estimated from published integral conversion data. Quasilinearization, capable of fitting the differential equation solutions directly to the integral data and therefore not requiring differentiation or transformations, was used. Since differential equations representing free radical reactions have coefficients varying over many orders of magnitude, implicit numerical integration was used to obtain the numerous particular and homogeneous solutions required in the execution of the algorithm. Convergence was achieved by replacing the concentrations after each iteration with values near the solution at that point and by repeatedly estimating a small number of parameters in a cyclic manner in order to improve starting estimates of all parameters simultaneously. The mechanisms attempted were considered plausible when they led to adequate data fits and reasonable rate constant estimates. The major contribution of the work is that the algorithm is capable of testing a mechanistic model over a relatively wide range of conditions with minimal experimental data.
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    Optimal temperature policy for reversible reactions with deactivation: Applied to enzyme reactors (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 707-712 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The optimal temperature policy which will maximize the final catalyst activity that gives a fixed conversion of reactants in a specified time for batch operation was determined by the formulation of a calculus of variations problem following the technique of Szepé and Levenspiel (1968). The method was applied to the general case of first-order reversible reactions which occur in the presence of catalysts deactivating by an irreversible first-order mechanism. To reduce trial and error estimations and circumvent numerical instabilities, the two-point boundary value variational problem was reformulated in terms of an initial value problem with a parameter which includes the initial value of temperature. This initial value problem was solved by a regression technique.These techniques were applied to the industrially important enzymatic reaction of the isomerization of D-glucose to D-fructose catalyzed by glucose isomerase in solution. Kinetic and deactivation data are available for this endothermic reaction which obeys first-order reversible kinetics and for the isomerase denaturation which appears to be first order. The optimal temperature operational policy as stated above maximized final enzyme activity such that 10% less denaturation of glucose isomerase occurred when compared to final isomerase activity yielding the same conversion for the same reaction time when the reactor is operated at the optimal isothermal temperature.
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    Mechanisms of brine-side mass transfer in a horizontal reverse osmosis tubular membrane (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 751-761 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The desalination performance of a tubular reverse osmosis membrane was studied under well-defined hydrodynamic conditions. Experimental measurements were made of local mass transfer rates in a 2.31-cm I.D. × 81-cm long horizontal cellulose acetate membrane at 16 locations along the tube length for both laminar and turbulent flows. The membrane's intrinsic permeability to water and NaCl was found to vary significantly along its productive length.The experiments suggest that the dominant transport mechanisms in laminar flow are forced convection in the upstream region and combined free and forced convection in the downstream region, beyond a distance of approximately 16 tube diameters, for all feed concentrations studied. The Deissler analogy applies well to the turbulent region for Re ≧ 104; however, it increasingly overpredicts performance as Re is decreased below 104.The experimental results of other workers are interpreted successfully in terms of the mechanisms deduced in the present work.
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    Viscous dissipation in die flows (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 785-795 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The flow of polymer melts in cylindrical, annular, and slit dies has been examined. Large temperature rises at the outer surface of the extrudate were measured with an infrared pyrometer. Calculations show that severe radial temperature gradients exist in these flow geometries under conditions similar to those encontered in polymer processing and in viscometry measurements. A common method of estimating the average temperature rise from the total mechanical energy input seriously underestimates the maximum temperature rise.A numerical solution of the flow and energy equations models the flow in all three geometries. A very simple Nusselt number correlation allowed an estimate of the temperature rises possible if heat transfer with the die wall occurrs. Good agreement was obtained between predicted and infrared measured melt surface temperature rises. The pressure drop gives only an indication that nonisothermal flow is occuring and is not sensitive enough to distinguish the type of heat transfer boundary condition present.The mathematical model presented could be helpful in die design and in process modeling, allowing the designer to obtain some knowledge of the kind of flow situations which might be encountered.
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    Relative intermolecular energy parameters for the freons from sound velocity data (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 817-818 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Turbulent drag reduction by polyacrylic acid (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 824-826 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Cavitation suppression by polymer additives: Concentration effect and implication on drag reduction (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 827-828 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Transport phenomena and living systems: Biomedical applications of momentum and mass transfer, E. N. Lightfoot, John Wiley, New York (1974). 495 pages. $22.50 (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 829-830 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Errata (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 831-831 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Iron oxide sorbents for regenerative sorption of NOx (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 840-846 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Supported ferric oxide can remove oxides of nitrogen from hot and cold gases, 20°C to 350°C, containing NO in the range of 50 to 1000 ppm when sufficient oxygen is present. Rates of sorption and capacities increase with oxygen concentration. The sorbent can be regenerated with air at 400° to 450°C an indefinite number of times.Reduced iron oxide sorbs nitric oxide more rapidly than the ferric oxide and has a higher capacity. It can be regenerated with hot reducing gases.
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    Part II. Liquid jets in liquids (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 872-880 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The instability and breakup of laminar liquid jets in liquid surroundings is investigated for situations where solute transfer across the jet interface renders the system susceptible to Marangoni convection. This work parallels Part I (Burkholder and Berg, 1974) on the effect of mass transfer on the breakup of laminar liquid jets in gases. Behavior in liquid-liquid systems, however, differs significantly from that for liquid-gas systems and cannot be inferred from the analysis of the latter. Linear hydrodynamic stability analysis reveals that transfer either into or out of the jet may be either stabilizing (longer jets) or destabilizing depending on system physical properties and mass transfer rate. Solute adsorption may strongly counteract the effects of the mass transfer but has only a small effect on jet stability in the absence of mass transfer. The predicted mass transfer effects conform qualitatively to the experimental results of Meister and Scheele (1969) for acetone transfer between benzene jets and water.
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    Mass transfer in laminar flow between parallel permeable plates (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 881-889 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Solutions for the concentration profiles and mass transfer rates are found for various wall Sherwood numbers. Use is made of the confluent hypergeometric function in the solution, and its advantage over the previously used series solution is pointed out. Perturbation solutions are also presented for both large and small values of the wall Sherwood number.
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    Fixed bed desorption behavior of gases with nonlinear equilibria: Part II. Dilute, multicomponent, isothermal systems (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 915-923 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Generalized depletion curves for desorption (and Corresponding breakthrough curves for adsorption) were calculated for systems characterized by the Langmuir-type multicomponent equilibrium equation and controlled by the film type rate model. In contrast with adsorption where the nonkey (or less strongly adsorbed) component curves display overshoots above feed concentration, in desorption the key component depletion curves exhibit the instabilities in the form of inflections and curvatures. As in the one component case, the differences in the depletion and breakthrough curves may be related to the rate phenomena. The undulations in the key component depletion curves may be characterized by derivatives of the rate data. The major significance of these instabilities is to elongate the depletion curves, which in turn requires the expenditure of added effort during regeneration. Process modifications are indicated, which could suppress the instabilities. The predicted trends were confirmed by experimental depletion curves.
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    Mechanisms of secondary nucleation in agitated crystallizers (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 950-958 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments were designed to identify the mechanism of the secondary nucleation of ice in a vigorously agitated crystallizer. It has been shown that the nucleation rate is proportional to the product of two factors, one characterizing crystal morphology and the other the rate of removal of potential nuclei from the surfaces of the existing crystals. Consequently, the nucleation rate attributable to different mechanisms is additive and the rate is proportional to the number of collisions per crystal. The contribution to the secondary nucleation of ice, by collisions of crystals with the impeller, baffles, and other crystals in an agitated crystallizer have been identified by measurements in a batch crystallizer in which each of the different collision mechanisms could be suppressed.
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    Convective instabilities in concurrent two phase flow: Part I. Linear stability (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 981-988 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The linear stability of thermally stratified horizontal two-phase Couette flow is analyzed for the case of a constant vertical temperature gradient. Instabilities driven by buoyancy, surface tension gradients, or shear are allowed for. It is shown that the instability can take three possible forms: streamwise oriented roll vortices, long interfacial waves, and short Tollmien-Schlichting waves. It is shown that the stability limits for rolls are identical to those for plane, stagnant layers. A long wave expansion is presented and the stability limits for this mode are given algebraically. The nonexistence of a Squire's Theorem is demonstrated and some numerical experiments at moderate Reynolds numbers are described. Detailed comparisons with previous work are possible for only one fluid pair, but it is shown that reasonably accurate statements may be made to determine which mode may manifest itself in any given experimental situation.
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    Gas phase axial mixing at extremely high irrigation rates in a large packed absorption tower (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1003-1009 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Extensive gas phase dispersion data are reported for extremely high liquid-gas ratios in a cylindrical packed absorption tower operated at atmospheric pressure under counterflow conditions.The dispersion data report gas Peclet numbers in terms of superficial liquid and gas Reynolds numbers over the range \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} 0 & 〈 & {N{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} _{\rm L} } & 〈 & {1500} \\ {15.0} & 〈 & {N{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} _{\rm S} } & 〈 & {500} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document}An increase in Peclet number with increasing gas rate is observed at subloading conditions.Reverse gas flow was observed in the gas phase when the liquid Reynolds number exceeded 650. Dispersion in the gas phase at liquid rates for which NReL 〈 650 is consistent with previously recorded correlations but becomes independent of further increases of liquid rate when NReL is 〉 650.The dispersion coefficients obtained by dynamic testing under reverse gas flow conditions were consistent with those obtained from steady state absorption profiles and provide a quantitative explanation for the anomalies in plug-flow KLa at high water rates recorded by Sherwood and Holloway (1940).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200523
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    A generalized correlation of gas permeation constants (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1015-1017 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200526
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  • 88
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    Some effects of NaY zeolite pretreatment on sorption equilibria (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1023-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200529
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  • 89
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    Some considerations and recalls on the design of gas absorbers: Laboratory apparatus to simulate absorber and to predict the effect of chemical reaction (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1029-1031 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200534
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  • 90
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    Momentum, heat and mass transfer, 2nd edition, C. O. Bennett and J. E. Myers, McGraw-Hill, New York (1974). 810 pages. $17.85 (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1037-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200538
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  • 91
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    Handbook of process stream analysis, Kenneth J. Clevett, Halsted Press, New York (1973). 470 pages. $39.00 (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1037-1040 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200539
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Co-rotational rheological models and the Goddard expansion (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1041-1066 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A survey is given of co-rotational rheological equations suitable for describing the flow of viscoelastic liquids such as polymer solutions and melts. Comparisons are given with experimental data and molecular theories. An introduction to kinematical descriptions in co-rotating reference frames is included.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200602
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Solubilities of gases in high-boiling hydrocarbon solvents (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1097-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Low-pressure solubilities of methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, iso-butane, and hydrogen have been measured in n-hexadecane, n-eicosane, squalane, bicyclohexyl, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, diphenylmethane, and 1-methylnaphthalene over the temperature range 25° to 200°C. The accuracy of these measurements is better than 1%. The data for the hydrocarbon gases have been correlated with a generalized configurational entropy and a van Laar-type interaction parameter. The entropic component of that parameter is related to the free volume of the solvent as suggested by Flory's equation-of-state theory of fluid mixtures. The accuracy of the correlation is about ±15%.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200606
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  • 94
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    Dense-bed column crystallizer: An experimental and analytical study (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1118-1124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The performance of a continuous, vertical, dense-bed column crystallizer is evaluated by comparing experimental and predicted column temperature profiles and by examining product composition at various operating conditions. The separation obtained in an eutectic system is modeled by a component conservation equation coupled with a nonadiabatic energy balance equation. The critical parameter in the analysis is the axial dispersion coefficient and the measured values of this coefficient were similar in magnitude to those reported for ice washing columns. The dense-bed column apparently achieves nearly ideal plug flow.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200609
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    On the optimization of distributed parameter systems with boundary control: A counter example for the maximum principle (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1124-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A counterexample is given to the strong maximum principle for boundary control of a class of distributed parameter systems. The particular system deals with chemical reactors suffering catalyst decay and is in the class whose members are described by sets of first-order partial differential equations of the hyperbolic type. It is shown that an optimal control exists and that over any finite time interval in which the control is unconstrained the exit conversion from the reactor remains constant. It is further shown that for certain values of the parameters the optimal control policy violates the necessary conditions of the strong maximum principle for boundary control of distributed parameter systems.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200610
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Model reduction and the design of reduced-order control laws (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1131-1140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the problem of designing satisfactory loworder (incomplete state feedback) controllers starting with a high-order, state-space model. Two design approaches are considered: the control law reduction technique, recently developed by the authors (Wilson et al., 1973), and the well-known model reduction approach. These two design techniques are used to develop a variety of low-order controllers for a double-effect evaporator starting with a 10th-order model. Experimental and simulated response data from the computer-controlled evaporator demonstrate the superiority of the control law reduction approach in this application. It is also shown that several of the previously published modal approaches to model reduction are basically equivalent since they yield identical reduced-order models.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200611
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Surface diffusion in liquid-filled pores (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1110-1117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Surface diffusivities of benzaldehyde in liquid-filled pores of Amberlite particles (polystyrene) were measured at 25°C using water as a solvent. For particles of different surface areas but chemically similar pore surfaces, the intrinsic surface diffusivity Ds' was about the same, but the relative importance of surface to pore-volume diffusion increased with surface area. For a single type of particle, the adsorption capacity was decreased about twenty-fold by adding up to 19 mole % methanol to the solvent. This was accompanied by an increase in Ds' from 1.2 × 10-8 to 1.2 × 10-7 cm2/s. These results were interpreted in terms of a two-step theory for surface migration: (1) formation of a vacant site on the adsorbent surface followed by (2) movement of the adsorbate molecule into the site by breaking the surface-adsorbate bond. The theory predicts that surface transport will be large when the surface area is high and that the Ds' will be large when the heat of adsorption is low, and when the bond between solvent molecules and the surface is weak.In our studies the surface contribution to intraparticle transport was as much as 20 times the contribution due to pore-volume diffusion. This ratio increases as the concentration of adsorbate in the liquid decreases.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200608
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  • 98
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    Developing and fully developed velocity profiles for inelastic power law fluids in an annulus (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1140-1144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Developing and fully developed velocity profiles with respect to position for laminar flow of inelastic fluids in an annulus were measured using streak photography. The polymer solutions used in the investigation were found to exhibit power law behavior under the present experimental conditions. The experimental results substantiated published theoretical solutions for developing and fully developed flow of power-law fluids in annuli, and also indicated good agreement between the measured and predicted entrance lengths. The dimensionless entrance length was found to increase with increasing flow behavior index for the inelastic power-law fluids.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200612
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial effects in the entrapment and displacement of residual oil (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1145-1154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Qualitiative theories are developed to explain the roles of surface tension and the two surface viscosities during the entrapment of residual oil by water and during the subsequent displacement of residual oil by surfactant solutions. The results are in agreement with available experimental data concerning the effects to be observed as the oil-water surface tension is reduced. Limited data suggest an order of magnitude criterion for the critical surface tension above which no residual oil can be recovered. The two surface viscosities do not affect the entrapment of residual oil, but they are predicted to play a major role in the displacement of residual oil by surfactant solutions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200613
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
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    Modified one-at-a-time optimization (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1154-1160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An optimization method has been developed that searches one variable at a time under the conditions that previously searched variables are at their approximate optimum and variables to be searched later are constant. This method provides the optimum and also information on the effects of the variables. The method is based on the Partan and Powell methods and on assuming linear partial derivatives of the objective function with respect to any given variable. The procedure involves searching each variable separately with other variables either constant or varied so that they remain at their estimated optimum for the given conditions. This method provides useful information on the effects of independent variables as well as locating the overall optimum and a number of partial optimums and requires a comparable number of trials.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200614
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