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  • Other Sources  (5,609)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (3,646)
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER  (1,113)
  • ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)  (850)
  • 1975-1979  (5,609)
Collection
  • Other Sources  (5,609)
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Years
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  • 1
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    Astronautics (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-17
    Description: Principles of rocket engineering, flight dynamics, and trajectories are discussed in this summary of Soviet rocket development and technology. Topics include rocket engine design, propellants, propulsive efficiency, and capabilities required for orbital launch. The design of the RD 107, 108, 119, and 214 rocket engines and their uses in various satellite launches are described. NASA's Saturn 5 and Atlas Agena launch vehicles are used to illustrate the requirements of multistage rockets.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Soviet Aircraft and Rockets (NASA-TT-F-770); p 198-271
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  • 2
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    Motions of a liquid in a pulsating bulb with application to problems of blood flow (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: Potential flows may be utilized to represent motions produced in pulsating bulbs. While the initial bulb shape may be arbitrary, sequential shapes are related by affine transformations. Two components appear in the distribution of pressure, one dependent on the instantaneous velocity and the other on the acceleration. For flows with stationary streamlines the inertial impedance is that of a simple mass, and is proportional to the first moment of the actual mass of fluid contained within the bulb. Examples treated are: (1) Expanding and collapsing circular cylinders, and (2) elliptical cylinders in which the perimeter is held constant. The thickness of the pulsatile laminar boundary layer is found to be approximately on millimeter for conditions in the vicinity of the heart. Conditions for separation and turbulence differ from those in steady flow.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 957-965
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  • 3
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    Investigation B: Laminar confined coaxial entrance flow with heat generation (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: The results of a parametric study on the entrance flow region in a gas core nuclear reactor are presented. The physical system is modeled as laminar confined, coaxial flow with heat generation in the inner fluid. The governing equations include the boundary layer approximations and the assumptions of only radial radiative transport of energy represented as an energy diffusion term. The Von Mises transformation and a zeta transformation are used to transform the equations into nonlinear nonhomogeneous convective-diffusion equations. A unique combination of forward and backward difference equations which yields accurate results at moderate computational times, is used in the numerical method. Results show that the rapidly accelerating, heat generating inner stream actually shrinks in radius as it expands axially.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Turbulence Coefficients and Stability Studies for the Coaxial Flow or Dissimiliar Fluids; 76 p
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  • 4
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    Metallurgical processing (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: The metallurgical processing experiments on Skylab were chosen to: (1) elucidate the unknown effects of a low gravity environment on certain processes; (2) determine to what extent nongravitational driven flows operate in the processes; and (3) explore the possibilities of containerless solidification. Welding and brazing experiments were conducted to provide an understanding of solidification mechanics in a weightless environment.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 37 p
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  • 5
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    Early space experiments in materials processing: Future programs (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: A list of the present state of knowledge in materials processing is presented. The fluid behavior in a low gravity environment is summarized. Materials processing in the Space Transportation System facility is discussed. Prospects for space commercialization are reported.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 16 p
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  • 6
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    Post-Skylab activities (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: The Apollo Soyuz Test Program is described. A modification of the Skylab furnace was developed for the ASTP mission that had a maximum temperature of 1200 C, a programmed cool down to give more uniform growth rates, and a He quench system to shorten the time required to reach allowable touch temperature. The Space Processing Applications Rocket (SPAR) program was initiated to provide some continuity in flight experimentation. Liquid mixing, immiscible alloy solidification, composite materials, bubbles and dispersed particles during solidification, and containerless processing techniques were studied in the SPAR program.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 45 p
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  • 7
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    Fluid behavior in low g (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: Several experiments and a number of demonstrations were performed during Skylab to elucidate the behavior of fluids in space. The purposes of these experiments were to confirm hypotheses on how systems would behave in a low-g environment, determine to what extent residual accelerations and nongravity-driven convection affected processes, and provide graphic demonstrations of fluid behavior in space for classroom use and to stimulate new ideas for low-g research.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 33 p
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  • 8
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    Possible applications of space processing (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: Numerous applications take advantage of low gravity. These range from research, such as study of basic properties of materials or developing a better understanding of various processes and how they might be controlled, to actual production of unique materials, either in very limited quantities for research purposes to serve as paradigms for determining the limiting results of processes in which gravity effects are removed, or in large quantities, to fill certain high technology needs that cannot be met by other means. Examples of these are given in the following topics discussed: (1) crystal growth; (2) metals, alloys and composite materials (metallurgy); (3) glass and ceramics (containerless processing); (4) fluid and chemical processes; and (5) processing of biological materials.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 60 p
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  • 9
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    The evolution of apparatus for materials processing on Skylab (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: The following topics are discussed: (1) the inception of space processing; (2) earth-based experimental activities prior to Skylab (drop tower and research aircraft experiments); (3) preliminary experiments in space (Apollo and sounding rocket experiments); and (4) Skylab experimental facilities. Apparatus for contained materials processing; for brazing in space; and containerless processing are presented and discussed. The Skylab materials processing system and miscellaneous design considerations are also discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 48 p
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  • 10
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    A numerical comparison with an exact solution for the transient response of a cylinder immersed in a fluid (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-02
    Description: The transient response of an elastic cylindrical shell immersed in an acoustic media that is engulfed by a plane wave is determined numerically. The method applies to the USA-STAGS code which utilizes the finite element method for the structural analysis and the doubly asymptotic approximation for the fluid-structure interaction. The calculations are compared to an exact analysis for two separate loading cases: a plane step wave and an exponentially decaying plane wave.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Shock and Vibration Inform. Center The Shock and Vibration Bull., Pt. 3; p 23-28
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  • 11
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    NASA workshop on outgassing (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-20
    Description: The materials and processing constraints that are involved in the construction of a molecular wake shield for the shuttle orbiter are discussed. Stainless steel, having outgassing rates less than the required 10 to the minus 12th power Torr-liters/sq cm per second was the primary material suggested for the construction of the shield.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Proc. of Workshops to Define Eng. Requirements for a Space Vacuum Res. Facility; 17 p
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  • 12
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    Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the assessment of models of a wake shield environment around various spacecraft, Universities Space Research Association (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-20
    Description: Models depicting the ambient atmosphere which can overtake the spacecraft vacuum shield are presented. The subject areas discussed are: possible changing effects on the wake shield environment; possible utilization of the induced environmental contamination monitor; present state of the knowledge of the parameters used to describe the intermolecular collisions; the possibility of using simple models to describe the wake shield environment; possible errors associated with using kinetic theory to calculate that part of the atmosphere overtaking the shield; and a general assessment of the Monte Carlo techniques used to calculate the shield environment.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of Workshops to Define Eng. Requirements for a Space Vacuum Res. Facility; 6 p
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  • 13
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    Proceedings of workshops to define engineering requirements for a space vacuum research Facility: Summary (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-20
    Description: Models depicting the collision dynamics in the near vicinity of a body orbiting in the upper atmosphere were studied to investigate degassing techniques for a vacuum facility.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Proc. of Workshops to Define Eng. Requirements for a Space Vacuum Res. Facility; 3 p
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  • 14
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    Electrophoresis of biological materials (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-10
    Description: The selection of biological products was studied for electrophoresis in space. Free flow electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and isotachophoresis are described. The candidates discussed include: immunoglobulins and gamma globulins; isolated islet of langerhans from pancreas; bone marrow; tumor cells; kidney cells, cryoprecipitate; and column separated cultures.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Econ. Analysis of Materials Processing in Space; p 177-190
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  • 15
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    High purity tungsten targets (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-10
    Description: High purity tungsten, which is used for targets in X-ray tubes was considered for space processing. The demand for X-ray tubes was calculated using the growth rates for dental and medical X-ray machines. It is concluded that the cost benefits are uncertain.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Econ. Analysis of Materials Processing in Space; p 159-176
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  • 16
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    Costs and benefits of turbine blades (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-10
    Description: The potential demand for space processed turbine blades, and the dollar benefits to be derived from this technology were analyzed. It was found that an adequate demand to justify space processed blades will exist. The cost benefits per blade for replacements in existing aircraft is estimated to be $997.50 per blade, and for new aircraft the savings per blade would be over $21,000.00.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Econ. Analysis of Materials Processing in Space; p 40-90
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  • 17
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    Application of fluidics to new control components (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-02
    Description: The inherent tolerance for nuclear radiation makes fluidic devices candidates for nuclear rocket control systems. Also, they are being considered for supersonic jet engine inlet control because of their high temperature and vibration tolerance. Three new control components being considered for these applications are described. A fluidic circuit to control a pneumatic stepping motor for nuclear rocket control drum actuation is discussed. An all-fluidic sensor being developed for determining the position of the normal shock in the inlet of a supersonic jet engine is outlined. A new vortex valve configuration is developed to prevent supersonic jet engine inlet unstarts by regulating bypass flow.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA, Washington Fourth Inter-Center Control Systems Conf.; p 365-386
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  • 18
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    Flow phenomena peculiar to calculation of compressible turbulent boundary layers (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Calculation procedures for compressible turbulent boundary layers were based upon techniques, modeling constants, etc., developed originally for the low speed case. Significant differences and new or altered physics which occur in the compressible case were considered, as compared with the low speed situation. Possible pitfalls and sources of inaccuracy in the calculations were indicated.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Calculation Methods for Compressible Turbulent Boundary Layers, 1976; p 9-46
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  • 19
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    Skylab: A beginning (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: A major goal of Skylab was to learn more about man and his responses to the space environment for missions lasting up to 84 days. A review of Skylab data pertaining to this goal is given.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Biomed. Results from Skylab; p 408-418
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  • 20
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    A survey of Rocketry and astronautics in Spain (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The entire field of rocketry and astronautics in Spain was studied. Congreve war rockets in military actions were emphasized in the African war, the Cuban campaign and the Spanish Civil War. Rockets in space travel were also summarized along with space science fiction.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA, Washington Essays on the History of Rocketry and Astronautics, Vol. 1; p 78-101
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  • 21
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    On the works of S. S. Nezhdanovsky in the field of flight based on reactive principles, 1880 - 1895 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The work of a Soviet scientist and inventor of the 19th century, S. S. Nezhdanovsky, is discussed. Investigations in the field of aircraft science and technology are emphasized in relation to Nezhdanovsky's studies of using the jet principle in solving the problem of human flight. Nezhdanovsky dealt with calculations of the speed at which combustion products flow, and considered such problems as fuel feeding into the combustion chamber by means of pumps, and the use of one of the fuel components for cooling the walls of the combustion chamber.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA, Washington Essays on the History of Rocketry and Astronautics, Vol. 1; p 125-139
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  • 22
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    History of the development of rocket technology and astronautics in Poland (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The development of rocket technology in Poland is outlined. The history cites 13th century use of war rockets in combating Tartars as well as 20th century studies of the future and reality of space flights.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA, Washington Essays on the History of Rocketry and Astronautics, Vol. 1; p 102-111
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  • 23
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    First works by K. E. Tsiolkovsky and I. V. Meshchersky on rocket dynamics (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: A study of rocket dynamics done by K. E. Tsiolkovsky in 1896 is reported. Problems in rectilinear movement of rockets were studied. Calculations were done on velocity efficiency, motion in free space, motion in a homogeneous gravitational field and motion with constant acceleration.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA, Washington Essays on the History of Rocketry and Astronautics, Vol. 1; p 115-124
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  • 24
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    Platforms in space: Evolutionary trends (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The problem of physical crowding and the proliferation of separate communication links and ground support systems for multiple free-flying satellites can be overcome by using space platforms and multiplexing the data streams. Pertinent features of the space shuttle orbiter payloads, the solar power satellite, and geostationary and geosynchronous platforms are discussed. Typical payload requirements data which are needed to allow meaningful study of payloads as candidates for platform implementation are cited and factors affecting the compatibility/grouping of payloads are outlined.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Proc.: Workshop on the Need for Lightning Observations from Space; p 159-182
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  • 25
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    Data availability and the role of the earth resources observation systems data center (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: With the launch of LANDSAT-1 in July 1972, and the follow-on launch of LANDSAT-2 in January of this year, routine availability of satellite imagery and electronic data of the earth's resources has become a reality. Federal data centers provide LANDSAT data to resource managers and the general public. These data centers have to date provided almost 500,000 frames of LANDSAT data at a cost of more than $2,000,000. Data from the LANDSAT satellite program, along with data and information from the Skylab manned program, are available over any location to anyone for the cost of reproduction.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 372-378
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  • 26
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    Remote sensing in Minnesota: Evaluation of programs and current needs (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Aerial photographs of the entire state were used to develop information on geomorphic regions, land ownership, forest cover, soils, geology, land classification and land capability. LANDSAT imagery was included to update many photomaps for land use classification and urban development planning.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 340-350
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  • 27
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    Alaska's needs in remote sensing (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Joint Federal/State remote data sensing centers are advocated to help survey Alaska for land use planning by aerial photography and LANDSAT imagery. The centers are to provide satellite derived information in land use planning and offshore oil developments.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 315-318
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  • 28
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    The use of satellite data for regional planning (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The experience of the Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Regional Council of Governments in its development of a regional land use inventory from computer processing of LANDSAT 1 digital tapes and the use of those data in the OKI water quality planning program are discussed. A major part of the planning program is the prediction of water quality in rivers and lakes resulting from existing and future land uses. A model has been developed that can predict the flow of sediment, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and organic wastes into major streams. An essential input to this model is an accurate map of land use derived from LANDSAT 1 digital tapes.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 356-358
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  • 29
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    User requirements for project-oriented remote sensing (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Registration of remotely sensed data to geodetic coordinates provides for overlay analysis of land use data. For aerial photographs of a large area, differences in scales, dates, and film types are reconciled, and multispectral scanner data are machine registered at the time of acquisition.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 319-325
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  • 30
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    Oilspill surveillance, detection, and evaluation by remote sensing (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Aerial and fixed platform oil spill detection systems primarily utilize remote sensors for data acquisition and pollution monitoring purposes. In addition to aerial photography and infrared reflectance sensors, a laser backscatter sensor and an ultraviolet fluorescence sensor are considered for application in pollution surveillance systems.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 271-279
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  • 31
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    Remote measurement of shoreline changes in coastal Alabama (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: It is shown that remotely sensed data, whether in digital or imagery form, provide objective, systematic measurements of coastal zone characteristics when compared with traditional measurement techniques. An example is given for Alabama shoreline parameters using LANDSAT 1 composite mapping.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 224-231
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  • 32
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    South Louisiana remote-sensing environmental information system (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Satellite gathered remote sensor data were used to update a basic environmental atlas of southern Louisiana to reflect recent dynamic geological changes, such as erosion by wave action along the coast and active delta building in the lower part of the Mississippi Basin. Standard pattern recognition programs were utilized to update LANDSAT pictures for three categories (generalized land use, ecological zones and vegetation) to obtain a simulated color photomap for LANDSAT frames for further rectification by a table lookup program.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 217-223
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  • 33
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    Surface-tension-induced convection experiment MA-041 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: In the absence of gravity, stirring in a liquid is suppressed because of density differences caused by thermal or compositional gradients. However, other mechanisms resulting in natural convection in a microgravity environment exist. One of the most important mechanisms for liquid metals is surface tension driven convection, which becomes predominant in the low gravity environment. In this case, surface tension differences caused by compositional or temperature gradients have been demonstrated to cause stirring in liquids during experiments performed onboard Skylab. Compositional gradients were created by adding a soap solution to a large water globule, which caused vigorous fluid motion for some moments after the addition.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo-Soyuz Test Project; 11 p
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  • 34
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    Earth observations and photography experiment MA-136 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The primary objectives of the earth observations and photography experiment of the Apollo Soyuz Test Project were to photograph various terrestrial structures and to use the capabilities of man as a trained observer in visually studying earth features and phenomena. Man's special capabilities include the sensitivity of the eye to subtle color variations and the speed with which the eye/brain system can interpret what is seen and select targets for photography. Real time astronaut observations constitute a useful complement to orbital photographs and greatly aid in their interpretation. Targets for mapping and hand held photography were selected on the basis of their value to specialists in the earth sciences including geology, oceanography, desert study, hydrology, meteorology, and environmental science.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo-Soyuz Test Project; 64 p
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  • 35
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    Summary of calculation procedures for nonsimilar two- and three-dimensional compressible turbulent boundary layers (finite difference, finite element and weighted residual methods), appendix (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: This numerical prediction summary indicates the wide variety of such procedures which are available. Most procedures have detailed user manuals, and in many cases the codes are available. Many of the special effects treated by various methods (such as nonequilibrium or equilibrium chemistry, transition, roughness etc.) are indicated.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Calculation Methods for Compressible Turbulent Boundary Layers, 1976; p 69-78
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    Calculation of three-dimensional compressible turbulent boundary layers (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: From comparisons of high speed data with low speed closure procedures using variable mean density, there does not appear to be any appreciable influence of compressibility upon turbulent shear stress modeling in compressible turbulent boundary layers, even for extreme cases such as Mach 14 to 20 with a change in density across the layer of up to a factor of 100. Other evidence of apparent lack of compressibility caused new physics which may alter the shear stress for the compressible boundary layer cases including: (1) fluctuation Mach number was generally less than 1; (2) the shear stress distribution through the boundary layer was not a function of Mach number for zero pressure gradient flows; (3) the Morkovin hypothesis was valid up to Mach 5 (based on fluctuation data); (4) profile N power was not a function of Mach number, at least up to Mach 10; and (5) the nondimensional burst period was approximately the same as that for low speed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Calculation Methods for Compressible Turbulent Boundary Layers, 1976; p 47-68
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    Equations and closure methods (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Basic differential equations governing compressible turbulent boundary layer flow are reviewed, including conservation of mass and energy, momentum equations derived from Navier-Stokes equations, and equations of state. Closure procedures were broken down into: (1) simple or zeroth-order methods, (2) first-order or mean field closure methods, and (3) second-order or mean turbulence field methods.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Calculation Methods for Compressible Turbulent Boundary Layers, 1976; p 6-8
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    Guido von Pirquet: Austrian pioneer of astronautics (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The works of Guido von Pirquet, Austrian pioneer of rocketry, were assessed. Major emphasis was given to Pirquet's calculation of the route to Venus which in fact was followed by the first Russian rocket to Venus. Of interest also is Pirquet's valuable construction of a space station and his analysis of interstellar space flight.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA, Washington Essays on the History of Rocketry and Astronautics, Vol. 1; p 140-155
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    Progress Report on Project Mercury (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Progress on Project Mercury, program for manned orbital space flight, is briefly reviewed. The original aims and concepts of the project are recounted. Various types of launch apparatus are mentioned along with safety factors.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Collected Works of Charles J. Donlan; 6 p
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    Guidelines for advanced manned space vehicle program, June 1960 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: A very broad mission objective was established; i.e., manned circumlunar flight and return to earth. It is implicit that the Saturn will be the primary propulsion system for this mission. The following attempts to: (1) define the objective so as to achieve as much capability in the vehicle as possible; (2) draw on Mercury experience to provide broad guidelines for vehicle performance and safety; (3) provide flexibility in the vehicle capability in the event that the manned lunar mission is proved to be subject to unacceptable risk in the target time period; and (4) indicate problem areas where work appears to be particularly needed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Collected Works of Charles J. Donlan; 66 p
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    Extraction processes for the production of aluminum, titanium, iron, magnesium, and oxygen and nonterrestrial sources (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The suitability of existing terrestrial extractive metallurgical processes for the production of Al, Ti, Fe, Mg, and O2 from nonterrestrial resources is examined from both thermodynamic and kinetic points of view. Carbochlorination of lunar anorthite concentrate in conjunction with Alcoa electrolysis process for Al; carbochlorination of lunar ilmenite concentrate followed by Ca reduction of TiO2; and subsequent reduction of Fe2O3 by H2 for Ti and Fe, respectively, are suggested. Silicothermic reduction of olivine concentrate was found to be attractive for the extraction of Mg becaue of the technological knowhow of the process. Aluminothermic reduction of olivine is the other possible alternative for the production of magnesium. The large quantities of carbon monoxide generated in the metal extraction processes can be used to recover carbon and oxygen by a combination of the following methods: (1) simple disproportionation of CO,(2) methanation of CO and electrolysis of H2O, and (3) solid-state electrolysis of gas mixtures containing CO, CO2, and H2O. The research needed for the adoption of earth-based extraction processes for lunar and asteroidal minerals is outlined.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Space Resources and Space Settlements; p 257-274
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    The initial lunar supply base (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The first lunar supply base should have a mass less than 1000 tons, be deployed by 24 persons in 4 months, and be maintained by 10 persons. Output could be expanded 20 times in 5 years to 600,000 tons/yr by a factor of 10 expansion of the area of the solar array on the lunar surface, using low power soil beneficiation, increasing the fleet of mining vehicles, and illuminating the base continuously at night with lunar orbiting mirrors. The space manufacturing facility (SMF) will supply most of the mass (solar cells and orbiting mirrors) necessary for expansion. Several devices and procedures are suggested for development which could further reduce the total mass necessary to transport to the Moon to establish the initial lunar supply base.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center. Space Resources and Space Settlements; p 207-224
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    Louisiana comprehensive planning information system (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: A statewide computerized land use mapping system is reported that uses polygons to identify inventories from aerial photography by employing the USGS classification system. In addition, the system provides soil, population, and housing census data as well as economic indicators that can be useful in relating to the overall system.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 326-339
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    Remote sensing in Arizona (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Orthophotoquads prepared from high altitude photography and LANDSAT imagery were utilized for land use mapping and urban development planning. LANDSAT imagery of rough terrains were evaluated by photographic projection on a viewer screen for enlargement of details.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 300-314
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  • 45
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    Status of coastal zone management techniques (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Remote panchromatic imagery was applied to develop a coastal zone management atlas that provides for land cover or vegetation surveys as well as land use stereographic mapping for regional planning purposes.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 173-175
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  • 46
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    Science demonstrations (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Three demonstrations of scientific concepts concerning liquids were performed during the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project mission. Chemical foaming, spreading of liquids, and capillary wicking were the subjects of each demonstration photographed in space. The results clearly illustrated the basic principles, and films suitable for educational uses are now available from the first author.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Apollo-Soyuz Test Project; 9 p
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  • 47
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    Zero-G processing of magnets experiment MA-070 (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Solidification of magnetic materials in the low gravity orbital environment was studied. The magnetic compounds under study, manganese bismuth and copper cobalt cerium ((Cu, Co)5Ce), both have the potential for the development of high coercive strength. Preliminary results indicate that static fluid configurations, in the absence of the gravitational body force, differ substantially from the documented terrestrial behavior. Chemical homogeneity is substantially enhanced on a macroscopic and microscopic level. Single crystal matrices have been grown in the coordinated growth regions of the flight samples. Primary crystals one order of magnitude greater than those grown terrestrially have been noted and are limited in size by the ampoule dimensions.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo-Soyuz Test Project; 13 p
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    Remote-sensing applications in the State of Mississippi (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: A computer derived land use classification scheme for infrared LANDSAT imagery was developed and applied to update existing Mississippi coastline data. Inventory classifications were accomplished by photographic enlargement and photointerpretations showing color coded resources on the ground.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 282-290
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    Remote-sensing applications as utilized in Florida's coastal zone management program (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Land use maps were developed from photomaps obtained by remote sensing in order to develop a comprehensive state plan for the protection, development, and zoning of coastal regions. Only photographic remote sensors have been used in support of the coastal council's planning/management methodology. Standard photointerpretation and cartographic application procedures for map compilation were used in preparing base maps.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 232-241
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    California nearshore surface currents (1975)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: During the oceanic period from July to November, the southward flowing California current dominates the nearshore current patterns. Commencing about the middle of November and extending to mid-February, the Davidson current, a northward moving countercurrent, is the dominant inshore transporter of water and suspensates. The phenomenon of upwelling is prevalent during the period from the middle of February to the end of July. Thus, every year along the coast of California, there are three successive current seasons: the oceanic, the Davidson, and the upwelling. This paper is a discussion of the nature of these nearshore currents. In addition, the capabilities of various remote sensing platforms and systems for providing methods of monitoring the coastal processes associated with the current seasons of California are demonstrated herein.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 195-216
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    Information flow of land and water-related data in the State of Wisconsin (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Digital data from the infrared LANDSAT imagery were used to classify eutrophication levels of lakes in an effort to observe the effect of thermal discharges from power stations. LANDSAT data were also applied to identify and monitor wetlands, for soil surveys, sedimentation transport, and in general to assist in land use planning and resources management.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 291-296
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    Applications of remote-sensing technology to environmental problems of Delaware and Delaware Bay (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Digital processing of multispectral LANDSAT data was used to develop a computerized model for predicting oil slick movement within the Delaware Bay. LANDSAT imagery was also used to monitor offshore waste disposal sites for mapping of wetlands, and charting of tidal currents.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 188-194
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    Information needs: Perceived and real for state decisionmakers (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Remote sensing techniques provide important information for land and water use planning organizations in order to assess coastal developments and their impact on water resources, sediment transport, erosion, and marine biology. Political expediency requires pertinent data acquisition and data dissemination to local populations for coastal zone management decision making.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 176-187
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    Coast Guard/NOAA/NASA Great Lakes Project Icewarn (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The operational feasibility of using remote sensing to provide all weather ice formation for Great Lakes winter navigation is explored. A combination airborne pulsed radar system to measure actual ice thickness, a satellite data link system, and a hand drawn interpretive ice chart proved valuable for extending winter navigation through the icepack.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 261-270
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    Solar-induced variations of environment affecting manned space flight and spacecraft operations (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Estimates of short and long term solar activity are required for calculating variations in the environment with regard to spacecraft charging, radiation effects, and orbital lifetime. Correlations appear to exist between the time of solar activity and the time of operational anomalies due to electrical discharges when the dielectric surfaces of geosynchronous spacecraft are charged by interaction with the ambient plasma to levels above breakdown voltage. An ability to predict the solar induced variation variability of the plasmas could permit refinement of design criteria. The influence of the radiation on spacecraft materials, systems, and manned operations is summarized. Solar radition effects on the orbital altitude atmospheric density environment and spacecraft lifetimes are also considered.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Solar-Terrest. Predictions Proc., Vol. 2; p 89-103
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    User requirements of solar-terrestrial predictions for spacecraft applications (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Areas which are influenced by solar-terrestrial coupling effects and which are internal to the Earth's magnetosphere are of interest to mission planners, spacecraft hardware designers, and those engaged in the operation of already orbiting manned or unmanned spacecraft. Accurate models are needed to predict energetic particle flux density, interactions between low energy (10 eV to 100 eV) near-Earth plasma and space systems, and neutral atmospheres. Parameters required for each of these areas are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Solar-Terrest. Predictions Proc., Vol. 2; p 1-20
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    Crystal study and econometric model (1975)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-10
    Description: An econometric model was developed that can be used to predict demand and supply figures for crystals over a time horizon roughly concurrent with that of NASA's Space Shuttle Program - that is, 1975 through 1990. The model includes an equation to predict the impact on investment in the crystal-growing industry. Actually, two models are presented. The first is a theoretical model which follows rather strictly the standard theoretical economic concepts involved in supply and demand analysis, and a modified version of the model was developed which, though not quite as theoretically sound, was testable utilizing existing data sources.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Econ. Analysis of Materials Processing in Space; p 191-233
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    Turbine blade processing (1975)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-10
    Description: Space processing of directionally solidified eutectic-alloy type turbine blades is envisioned as a simple remelt operations in which precast blades are remelted in a preformed mold. Process systems based on induction melting, continuous resistance furnaces, and batch resistance furnaces were evaluated. The batch resistance furnace type process using a multiblade mold is considered to offer the best possibility for turbine blade processing.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Econ. Analysis of Materials Processing in Space; p 91-158
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    Remote sensing in the State of Ohio. 1. Public policy. 2. System development (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Different types of satellite and conventional remote sensing data are used to monitor urban growth and the pattern of development. Software programs were developed for a growth allocation model that uses LANDSAT information as the basic component.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 351-355
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    Remote-sensing applications for Texas (1975)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The earth resources remote sensing activity of Texas and its applications are reported. A combination of digital, photographic, and traditional methods is being used to manage the water impoundments inventory, a land use survey, a wildlife habitat survey, and a coastal zone survey.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 297-299
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    Estimate of procession and polar motion errors from planetary encounter station location solutions (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Jet Propulsion Laboratory Deep Space Station (DSS) location solutions based on two JPL planetary ephemerides, DE 84 and DE 96, at eight planetary encounters were used to obtain weighted least squares estimates of precession and polar motion errors. The solution for precession error in right ascension yields a value of 0.3 X 10 to the minus 5 power plus or minus 0.8 X 10 to the minus 6 power deg/year. This maps to a right ascension error of 1.3 X 10 to the minus 5 power plus or minus 0.4 X 10 to the minus 5 power deg at the first Voyager 1979 Jupiter encounter if the current JPL DSS location set is used. Solutions for precession and polar motion using station locations based on DE 84 agree well with the solution using station locations referenced to DE 96. The precession solution removes the apparent drift in station longitude and spin axis distance estimates, while the encounter polar motion solutions consistently decrease the scatter in station spin axis distance estimates.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: The Deep Space Network; p 29-49
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    Extraterrestrial fiberglass production using solar energy (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: A conceptual design is presented for fiberglass production systems in both lunar and space environments. The raw material, of lunar origin, will be plagioclase concentrate, high silica content slag, and calcium oxide. Glass will be melted by solar energy. The multifurnace in the lunar plant and the spinning cylinder in the space plant are unique design features. Furnace design appears to be the most critical element in optimizing system performance. A conservative estimate of the total power generated by solar concentrators is 1880 kW; the mass of both plants is 120 tons. The systems will reproduce about 90 times their total mass in fiberglass in 1 year. A new design concept would be necessary if glass rods were produced in space.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Space Resources and Space Settlements; p 225-232
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    Remote sensing, a sketch of the technology (1975)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Information is provided on how a potential user of remote sensing technology can gain access to all of the products and services he will need to get started. It was envisioned that these include data, training, hardware, and software. A very brief tutorial summary of the fundamentals of the technology is presented.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 367-370
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    Policy implications in developing a land use management information systems (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The current land use map for the city of Los Angeles was developed by the guesstimation process and provides single stage information for each level in the critical geographical hierarchy for land use planning management. Processing and incorporation of LANDSAT data in the land use information system requires special funding; however, computergraphic maps are able to provide a viable information system for city planning and management.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 359-365
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    Mutual assistance in space (1975)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Operating principles, system functions, and technological problems associated with developing compatible spacecraft, station approach, and docking facilities between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. are reported. Two designs, the probe cone and the androgynous docking device are examined.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Mod. Achievements of Cosmonautics (NASA-TT-F-16221); p 20-38
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    The processing of semiconductor materials (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: Five experiments involving the processing of semiconductor materials were performed during the Skylab mission. After discussions on semiconductors and their unique electronic properties, and techniques of crystal growth, these five experiments are presented. Four melt growth experiments were attempted: (1) steady state growth and segregation under zero gravity (InSb); (2) seeded, containerless solidification of InSb; (3) influence of gravity-free solidification on microsegregation; and (4) directional solidification of InSb-GaSb alloys. One vapor growth experiment, crystal growth by vapor transport, was attempted.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 45 p
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    The promise of space processing (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-07-06
    Description: The long exposure to a virtually zero-gravity environment is a truly unique situation that cannot be duplicated or even approximated for any length of time on earth. The topics discussed are: (1) low gravity; (2) atmospheric effects; (3) potential advantages of materials processing in space; (4) the absence of buoyancy-driven convection; (5) the absence of hydrostatic pressure; (6) the absence of sedimentation and buoyancy; (7) containerless processing; and (8) ultrahigh vacuum processing.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Early Space Expt. in Mater. Process.; 37 p
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    Summary and recommendations (1975)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-10
    Description: An economic analysis using econometric and cost benefit analysis techniques was performed to determine the feasibility of space processing of certain products. The overall objectives of the analysis were (1) to determine specific products or processes uniquely connected with space manufacturing, (2) to select a specific product or process from each of the areas of semiconductors, metals, and biochemicals, and (3) to determine the overall price/cost structure of each product or process considered. The economic elements of the analysis involved a generalized decision making format for analyzing space manufacturing, a comparative cost study of the selected processes in space vs. earth manufacturing, and a supply and demand study of the economic relationships of one of the manufacturing processes. Space processing concepts were explored. The first involved the use of the shuttle as the factory with all operations performed during individual flights. The second concept involved a permanent unmanned space factory which would be launched separately. The shuttle in this case would be used only for maintenance and refurbishment. Finally, some consideration was given to a permanent manned space factory.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Econ. Analysis of Materials Processing in Space; p 234-251
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    Economic analysis of materials processing in space: Introduction (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-10
    Description: Space processing concepts investigated included an unmanned space factory, and a permanently launched factory. Product lines chosen for analysis were: (1) turbine blades, (2) tungsten targets for X-ray machines, (3) 1 sub G subclass separation by electrophoresis, and (4) high-price exotic crystals. The turbine blade, and 1 sub G products are considered promising candidates.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Econ. Analysis of Materials Processing in Space; p 1-7
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  • 70
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    Information/user services, summary (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Various aspects of the technology which are available to users now are described. Specific topics discussed include: data distribution: availability of and access to data; technology transfer: system use illustrations and availability of training; hardware systems descriptions: processing hardware constructed and available; data processing techniques: individual processing techniques; and future developments: a sampling of future technology.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-A; p 123-127
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  • 71
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    The Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE). Part 2: Yield estimates from meteorological information (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Crop-weather models developed for wheat from an assembled base of approximately 45 years of climatic records and historic wheat yield and production data at the stratum level are described. Utilization of meteorological data acquired by the NOAA satellites is discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-A; p 63-65
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  • 72
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    Department of the Interior program (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The remote sensing activities of the Department of Interior are summarized. The use of satellite imagery in land and water management is described. Specific topics discussed include: land use mapping, exploration and discovery of metal, oil, and gas deposits, location of geological faults, and repetitive monitoring of dynamic environmental phenomena related to water resources.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-A; p 33-36
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  • 73
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    Heat pipes in space: A NASA summary (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experiences derived from the development, integration, and flight of NASA spacecraft and sounding rockets are presented. They include the International Heat Pipe Experiment, OAO 3, and ATS-6. Typical flight data are presented to show the performance.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: ESA Heat Pipes; p 647-653
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  • 74
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    Lack of agreement over the use and ownership of the internationally shared resources (such as air space, outer space and the oceans) leading to international conflict (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The lack of adequate institutional mechanisms to regulate, monitor and govern the use of commonly owned world resources appears to be politically destabilizing and subject to socioeconomic pressures of overpopulation, food shortages, cartelism, terrorism, and wealth distribution to developing countries. The capacity and propensity to wage war and its potential consequences are elaborated. It is shown that technology is one of the dominant factors affecting the exploration and management of commonly shared resources.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: The Future Environment; 29 p
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  • 75
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    Applications of ERTS imagery to mappings sediments of the Twin Cities Metropolitan area (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: ERTS images were compared to surficial geologic maps, prepared through traditional field studies. Lithologic boundaries, bedrock outcrops, bedrock structures, and geomorphologic features were examined. An area southeast of the Twin Cities, located chiefly in northern Dakota County was studied, as well as the New Brighton 15-minute quadrangle located in portions of Ramsey and Anoka Counties. Visual comparison of geologic maps and ERTS imagery demonstrated the limitations of this approach to geological investigations. Bedrock outcrops and bedrock structure in the metropolitan area do not appear on ERTS imagery. However, certain glacial sediments can be identified and are potentially mappable. Certain geomorphological features were also discernable.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Minn. Univ. A study of Minn. Forests and Lakes using Data from Earth Resources Technol. Satellites; 30 p
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  • 76
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    Remote sensing applications to hydrology in Minnesota (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Development of low lying southeastern shore of Pike Lake is described as part of the Rice Creek watershed study. Several small wetlands in Arden Hills, Minnesota were incorporated into the drainage plans as pollutant and nutrient sinks rather than being infilled. Lake water quality in the St. Paul-Minneapolis metropolitan area was analyzed using Landsat images. In the same urban area, the inventory and seasonal change of the open water were also studied.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: A Study of Minn. Forests and Lakes using Data from Earth Resources Technol. Satellites; 66 p
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  • 77
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    Man in space - A time for perspective (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Factors affecting crew performances in long-term space flights are examined with emphasis on the Space Shuttle-Spacelab program. Biomedical investigations carried out during four Skylab missions indicate that initially rapid changes in certain physiological parameters, notably in cardiovascular response and red-blood-cell levels, lead to an adapted condition. Calcium loss remains a potential problem. Space Shuttle environmental control and life-support systems are described together with technology facilitating performance of mission objectives in a weightless environment. It is concluded that crew requirements are within the physical and psychological capability of astronauts, but the extent to which nonastronaut personnel will be able to participate without extensive training and pre-conditioning remains to be determined.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 78
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    Empirical correlations for heat transfer and flow friction characteristics of rectangular offset-fin plate-fin heat exchangers (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 79
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    Inviscid interpenetration of two streams with unequal total pressures (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A theory is proposed for analyzing the inviscid interpretation of two streams in the case when the difference in total pressure between the streams is relatively small. A stream is considered which discharges from a nozzle or reservoir into a partially moving and partially stationary environment in such a way that the flows leave the solid boundaries in a tangential direction where the two streams first interact. The problem is solved by expanding in a small parameter related to the difference in total pressure between the streams, the zeroth-order solution is obtained by classical methods, and a technique similar to that employed in thin-airfoil theory is used to transfer the first-order boundary conditions to the zeroth-order boundary. A procedure is developed to transform the problem into one that can be solved by standard techniques of the theory of sectionally analytic functions. Solutions are obtained for flows with and without free streamlines, and the general theory is applied to several specific flow configurations.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 70; Aug. 12
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  • 80
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    Radiation exchange for a system with partially transmitting wall (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An approach is presented for applying the net radiation method developed by Siegel and Howell (1972) and Sparrow and Cess (1966) to systems involving opaque and partially transmitting walls. The results obtained from the basic equations for various values of plate emissivities and temperatures are presented in graphs. Attention is given to the window temperature relative to the temperature of the hot wall and the heat transferred relative to that transferred without the window.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Letters in Heat and Mass Transfer; 2; Mar
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  • 81
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    The utility of surface temperature measurements for the remote sensing of surface soil water status (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experiments carried out on an Avondale loam soil indicated that the thermal inertia concept of soil water content detection is reasonably sound. The volumetric water contents of surface soil layers between 2 and 4 cm thick were found to be linear functions of the amplitude of the diurnal surface soil temperature wave for clear day-night periods. They were also found to be linear functions of the daily maximum value of the surface soil-air-temperature differential. Tests on three additional soils ranging from sandy loam to clay indicated that the relations determined for Avondale loam could not be accurately applied to these other soil types. When the moisture characteristic curves of each soil were used to transform water contents into pressure potentials, however, it was found that soil water pressure potential could be determined without prior knowledge of soil type, and thus its value as a potential soil water status survey tool was significantly enhanced.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; July 20
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  • 82
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    Derivation and application of the reciprocity relations for radiative transfer with internal illumination (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A Green's function formulation is used to derive basic reciprocity relations for planar radiative transfer in a general medium with internal illumination. Reciprocity (or functional symmetry) allows an explicit and generalized development of the equivalence between source and probability functions. Assuming similar symmetry in three-dimensional space, a general relationship is derived between planar-source intensity and point-source total directional energy. These quantities are expressed in terms of standard (universal) functions associated with the planar medium, while all results are derived from the differential equation of radiative transfer.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer; 15; Sept
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  • 83
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    Radiation from an array of longitudinal fins of triangular profile (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Radiation from an array of longitudinal fins of triangular profile is analyzed, including fin-to-fin and fin-to-base interactions. The effect of base cylinder radiation and the fin-base radiative interaction is found to be significant for fin width/tube radius ratios less than 8. Results presented may be used to optimize the design of a fin array with respect to weight.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA Journal; 13; May 1975
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  • 84
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    Comment on 'subsonic and supersonic boundary-layer flow past a wavy wall' (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA Journal; 13; Apr. 197
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  • 85
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    Man's future in space (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Studies evaluating potential operational and commercial uses of space are being conducted, taking into account astronomy, astrophysics, manned bases and laboratories in earth orbit, space colonization, terrestrial communications, space processing and manufacturing, interstellar probes, planetary exploration, and the use of space for terrestrial energy supply. The present status in the exploration of the solar system is examined, giving attention to Jupiter, Venus, Mars, and Mercury. A brief outline of the development of human colonies on Mars is presented.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Spaceflight; 17; Mar. 197
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  • 86
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    Time bases, discretes, and interrupts (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effort performed to assure proper flight program handling of time bases, discretes, and interrupts was discussed. The following time bases are used as key mission events: guidance reference release, liftoff, S-1B low level sensors dry, S-1B outboard engines cutoff, S-IVB cutoff, and S-IVB de-orbit DCS command. The five discrete outputs in the discrete output register were verified for proper setting. Each discrete input is honored in the proper time frame by forcing each discrete in the following intervals: before the discrete is enabled, after the discrete has been detected, and after the discrete has been disabled. As an assurance that an interrupt is honored only in the proper time frames, each interrupt was forced during the following intervals: prior to the specified enable time, after the interrupt has been honored, after the interrupt has been disabled.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Program Verification Doc. for the ASTP Flight Program; 10 p
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  • 87
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    Characteristics of the unsteady motion on transversely sheared mean flows (1978)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: An explicit representation for the unsteady motion on a transversely sheared mean flow is obtained which corresponds to the gustline motion on a uniform mean flow. The important features of this motion are discussed. It is shown that its velocity, pressure and vorticity are all induced by a certain disturbance field that is a linear combination of the vorticity and particle-displacement fields and is everywhere frozen in the mean flow. The general ideas are illustrated by considering the scattering of a gust by a half-plane embedded in a shear flow.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 84; Jan. 30
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  • 88
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    Utilization of the vacuum developed in the wake zone of space vehicles in the LDEF class (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Contaminating fluxes from upper atmospheric molecules found in the wake of a typical spacecraft of the Long Duration Exposure Facility class are studied with the aim of determining vacuum levels which may be employed by experiments mounted on the vehicle. A simplified representation for the spacecraft, the velocity-shifted Maxwellian distribution (to evaluate ambient flux which has a velocity sufficient to overtake the spacecraft), and a calculation for the backscattered contribution to the flux density of the wake figure in the study are presented. Results indicate that direct and backscattered fluxes of about 10 to the seventh power molecules per sq cm can be expected in the wake of a spacecraft at 550 km altitude.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
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  • 89
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    Rare earth and trace element geochemistry of metabasalts from the Point Sal ophiolite, California (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 37; 2, De; Dec. 197
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  • 90
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    Orbiting molecular-beam laboratory (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The composition of the atmosphere within the planned orbital envelope of the Space Shuttle and the velocity necessary to maintain a stable orbit within that envelope provide unique conditions for forming a high-purity, moderate energy beam (about 5 eV) of atomic oxygen. At 500 km, for example, atomic oxygen comprises approximately 90% of the atmosphere. Since the mean thermal speed of the ambient atomic oxygen is substantially less than the orbital speed, a high-purity beam can be generated by sweeping through the gas with a series of beam-forming truncated conical shells. Characteristics of the beam, including energy distribution, flux, and purity variation with orbital altitude and methods for lowering the mean energy, are presented. Gas-surface interaction experiments that have been proposed for this laboratory are also discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
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  • 91
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    Pattern recognition of Landsat data based upon temporal trend analysis (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The Delta Classifier defined as an agricultural crop classification scheme employing a temporal trend procedure is applied to more than 100 different Landsat data sets collected during the 1974-1975 growing season throughout the major wheat-producing regions of the United States. The classification approach stresses examination of temporal trends of the Landsat mean vectors of crops in the absence of corresponding ground truth information. It is shown that the resulting classifications compare favorably to ground truth estimates for wheat proportion in those cases where ground truth is available, and that the temporal trend procedure yields estimates of the wheat proportion that are comparable to the best results from maximum likelihood classification with photointerpreter-defined training fields.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment; 6; 4, 19; 1977
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  • 92
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    On humanity's role in space (1978)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Manned spaceflight is considered within the framework of two broad categories: human exploitation of space for economic or scientific gain, and human habitation of space as a place where man may live, grow, and actualize himself. With the advent of the Space Shuttle, exploitation of space will take the form of new product development. This will continue during the 1990s as the new products are manufactured on a scale large enough to be profitable. The turn of the century should see major industries in space, and large space habitats. Thus, the question of mankind's existential needs arises. In addition to basic physical needs, the spiritual and cultural requirements of human beings must be considered. The impact of man's presence in space upon human culture in general is discussed with reference to international cooperation, public interest in space programs, scientific advancement, the basic urge to explore, and the density of mankind as a whole; which will become free of external constraints as we step into the cosmos.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Spaceflight; 20; Feb. 197
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  • 93
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    International Sun-Earth Explorer - A three-spacecraft program (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The International Sun-Earth Explorer (ISEE) is a three-spacecraft system developed by NASA and ESA to study the magnetospheric structure, paying attention to the quantitative mechanism of magnetospheric response to external perturbations, and the structure of its parts. In particular, the nature, structure, motion, and stability of magnetospheric boundaries will be studied, including bow shock, magnetopause, plasmapause, and neutral sheet. Spacecraft ISEE-A and ISEE-B will be launched into the same orbit (of apogee 23 earth radii) but separated by a small, controllable distance, and will make observations from within the magnetosphere. The ISEE-C spacecraft will be launched into a heliocentric orbit (234 earth radii upstream) and will make observations in the solar wind upstream of the earth.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Science; 198; Oct. 14
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  • 94
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    Landsat inventory of surface-mined areas using extendable digital techniques (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Army Eng. Topographic Labs. Workshop for Environmental Applications of Multispectral Imagery; p 253-272
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  • 95
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    Computer mapping of Landsat data for environmental applications (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Army Eng. Topographic Labs. Workshop for Environmental Applications of Multispectral Imagery; p 118-134
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  • 96
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    Planning and operating experiments S-183 on the three skylab missions (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: CNES Technol. of Sci. Space Expt.,; p 119-134
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  • 97
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    Geodetic measurements on the ocean (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: This paper covers the topic of marine geodesy, its goals, and applications. Specifically discussed are position determination and establishment of geodetic control on the ocean bottom, ocean surface, and subsurface, and the determination of the geoid, a vertical reference surface. The various techniques used in position determination (including satellite, airborne, radio, inertial and acoustic techniques) are assessed in terms of accuracy, coverage, and contribution to the solution of specific problems associated with position and control. The results of several marine geodetic control experiments are presented. Classical techniques for the determination of the geoid are discussed and assessed, as are new techniques such as satellite altimetry. The outlook for marine geodetic measurements in the ocean is outlined in terms of what is being planned or considered for the next decade, and several recommendations are made.
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  • 98
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    Simultaneous crystallization of feldspar intergrowths from the melt (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: American Mineralogist; 62; 1977
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  • 99
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    Remote sensing techniques applied to multispectral recognition of the Aranjuez pilot zone (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A rectangular (7 x 14 km) area 40 km S of Madrid was remote-sensed with a three-stage recognition process. Ground truth was established in the first phase, airborne sensing with a multispectral scanner and photographic cameras were used in the second phase, and Landsat satellite data were obtained in the third phase. Agronomic and hydrological photointerpretation problems are discussed. Color, black/white, and labeled areas are displayed for crop recognition in the land-use survey; turbidity, concentrations of pollutants and natural chemicals, and densitometry of the water are considered in the evaluation of water resources.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IAA/Ingenieria Aeronautica y Astronautica; 29; Mar. 197
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  • 100
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    Three-dimensional low Reynolds number flows with a free surface (1977)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The two-dimensional leveling problem (Degani, Gutfinger, 1976) is extended to three dimensions in the case where the flow Re number is very low and attention is paid to the free surface boundary condition with surface tension effects included. The no-slip boundary condition on the wall is observed. The numerical solution falls back on the Marker and Cell (MAC) method (Harlow and Welch, 1965) with the computation region divided into a finite number of stationary rectangular cells (or boxes in the 3-D case) and fluid flow traverses the cells (or boxes).
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Computational Physics; 24; May 1977
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