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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (2,155)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (2,110)
  • 550 - Earth sciences
  • Deutschland
  • Fisheries
  • 1975-1979  (4,296)
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  • 1
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    Elbezone im Gebiet ČSSR und DDR. Anteil DDR: Präkambrium der Elbezone und ihres Rahmens im Gebiet zwischen Großenhain und Bad Gottleuba. Exkursion E2 (1975)
    In:  Exkursionsführer Regionalgeologie des Südteils der DDR und angrenzender Gebiete der VR Polen sowie der CSSR, Teil B: Anteil DDR
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 2
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    Zur makroseismischen Auswertung des Friaul-Erdbebens vom 6. Mai 1976 (1978)
    In:  Arbeiten zum Internationalen Geodynamik-Projekt in der DDR (Fortschrittsbericht für die Jahre 1975 bis 1977) | Geodätische und geophysische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe III ; 39
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 3
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    Zur Tektonik des Präkambriums der Elbezone und ihres Rahmens (1978)
    In:  Arbeiten zum Internationalen Geodynamik-Projekt in der DDR (Fortschrittsbericht fuer die Jahre 1975 bis 1977) = Contributions to the International Geodynamic Project in the GDR (progress-report 1975/ 77) | Geodaetische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen, Reihe 3 ; 39
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 4
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    Detection probabilities for weak regional seismic events (1979)
    In:  Journal of geophysics = Zeitschrift für Geophysik
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The direct estimation method for threshold magnitudes associated with teleseismic events is well known and frequently used. A modification of the method is developed in order to make the approach applicable to events from regions with low seismicity. It is assumed that observations are supplied by a seismograph network located within the region. As an example, threshold magnitudes are given for the Uppsala station, Sweden. Reliability of the suggested approach is examined by means of a rockburst series.-Authors
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 5
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    Metallogenetisches Kartenwerk Erzgebirge/Vogtland 1:100000. Karte der magmatischen Gesteine (1976)
    Zentrales Geologisches Institut (ZGI)
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 6
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    Über die Wechselwirkung zwischen Versetzungsdichte, Fremdstoffen und Spannungen im Siliziumeinkristall (1976)
    In:  Kristall und Technik : Zeitschrift für experimentelle u. technische Kristallographie = Crystal research and technology
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 7
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    Stroenie i tektonicheskoe rasvitie zoni Elby (1977)
    In:  Tektonika variscid Srednej Evropy i SSSR
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 8
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    Untersuchungen zum Bau der Erdkruste mit Hilfe seismischer 3-Komponentenregistrierungen (1978)
    In:  Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3 ; 39
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 9
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    Properties of hadron final states in e+e- annihilation at 13 GeV and 17 GeV center of mass energies (1979)
    In:  Physics Letters B
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 10
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    Kristallinstockwerk (Grundgebirge) : Karte 6 (1976)
    In:  Materialien zum tektonischen Bau von Europa : Karten 1-9, Maßstab 1:6000000 | Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts für Physik der Erde ; 47
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 11
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    Methodische Arbeiten im Kristallin des Baikal-Riftes (1978)
    In:  Arbeiten zum Internationalen Geodynamik-Projekt in der DDR (Fortschrittsbericht fuer die Jahre 1975 bis 1977) = Contributions to the International Geodynamic Project in the GDR (progress-report 1975/ 77) | Geodaetische und Geophysikalische Veroeffentlichungen, Reihe 3 ; 39
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 12
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    Zu einigen Fragen der Krustenentwicklung in Mitteleuropa (1979)
    In:  Zeitschrift für geologische Wissenschaften
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 13
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    Spectral response of soil conditions to seismic motions - studies for detailed dynamic soil characteristics (1978)
    In:  Symposium on the Analysis of Seismicity and on Seismic Risk (Liblice, Czechoslovakia 1978)
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 14
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    Properties of hadron final states in e+e- annihilation at 13 GeV and 17 GeV center of mass energies (1979)
    In:  DESY / Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron ; 79/14
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 15
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    Beiträge zur Untersuchung der Erdkruste mit seismischen Methoden unter besonderer Berücksichtigung eines tiefenseismischen Profils im Nordwest-Teil der DDR (1979)
    In:  Physik der Erdkruste | Geophysik und Geologie ; 2, 1
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 16
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    Map of isoseismals of the main Friuli earthquake of 6 May 1976 (1978)
    In:  Pure and Applied Geophysics
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 17
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    Fototektonische Interpretation von Mitteleuropa nach Aufnahmen der sowjetischen Wettersatelliten Meteor 25 und 28 (1979)
    In:  Beiträge zur Fernerkundung : geologische Forschungen mit kosmischen Mitteln | Veröffentlichungen der Zentralinstituts für Physik der Erde ; 61
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 18
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    Detectability of regional events by means of the Swedish seismography station network (1979)
    In:  Uppsala Reports ; 7-79
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: A modification of the direct estimation method for threshold magnitudes, originally associated with teleseismic events, is developed. The modified approach enables one to apply the method even to weak events from regions with low seismicity like e.g. Sweden. It is assumed that observations are supplied solely by a seismograph network located within the region. Numerical results reveal that a Swedish earthquake with magnitude 2.0 or larger will, with 90% probability, be detected by at least one station of the current Swedish Seismograph Station Network. Addition of three new stations would decrease (i.e. improve) the threshold to a magnitude of about 1.5.-Authors
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 19
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    Duration magnitudes for Swedish earthquakes (1979)
    In:  Report 5/79
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: By calibration with the M"SUB L"-scale for Fenno-scandian earthquakes, a regional magnitude formula for Swedish earthquakes based on signal duration is developed for each of the six stations of the Swedish Seismography Station Network. Derived formulae are of the type M"SUB tau" = C"SUB 1" + C"SUB 2" (log tau)"SUP 2" or M"SUB tau" = C"SUB 1" + C"SUB 2" (log tau)"SUP 2" + C"SUB 3"delta, where C"SUB 1", C"SUB 2" and C"SUB 3" are constrants, specific for each station, tau is the recorded signal duration after Sg-wave onset and delta is the epicentral distance. -Author
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 20
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    Tasso results on e+ e- annihilation between 13 and 31.6 GEV and evidence for three jet events (1979)
    In:  DESY / Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron ; 79/61
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 21
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    Analysis of the surface heat flow: temperature variations in the upper mantle beneath Europe (1979)
    In:  Terrestrial heat flow in Europe | Scientific Report / Inter-Union Commission of Geodynamics ; 58
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Using an optimization method for evaluating the lateral heat source distribution, thermal models for the temperature-depth distribution along the profile Corsica-Leningrad are computed. Comparing with the melting-point curve for dry pyrolite and T/T"SUB m" ratio is evaluated and shows that beneath Central and Southern Europe the temperature is higher than beneath the Precambrian East European Platform From the T/Tm ratio the Nabarro-Herring viscosity is estimated. The results indicate viscosity values in the upper mantle beneath Central and Southern Europe smaller by some orders of magnitude that the values for the East European Platform. -Authors
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 22
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    Macroseismic field of the earthquake of September 3, 1978, in the Swabian Jura (1979)
    In:  Journal of geophysics = Zeitschrift für Geophysik
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 23
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    Magnitude-scaling of earthquakes in Fennoscandia (1979)
    In:  Geophysica / Geofysiikan Seura
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 24
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    Untersuchungen von Einschlüssen zur thermodynamischen und physikochemischen Charakteristik lagerstättenbildender Lösungen und Prozesse im magmatischen und postmagmatischen Bereich (1979)
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 25
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    Verfahren zur röntgenografischen Orientierungsbestimmung von Einkristallen (1975)
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 26
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    CUNIMB : ein einfaches numerisches Modell hochreichender Konvektion (1979)
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    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 27
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    Malaria in Deutschland (1979)
    In:  Bundesgesundheitsblatt 22, 8-13
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    Publication Date: 1979
    Description: einheimische Malaria als man-made-disease KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Infektionskrankheiten
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY INKA BB
  • 28
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    Vergleichende Berachtung des Witterungsveralufs in den jahren 1975, 1976 und 1977 (1978)
    In:  Kartoffelbau 29 (1):15-17.
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    Publication Date: 1978
    Description: Zusammenhang Kartoffelertrag und -qualität und Witterungsverlauf KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf den Ernteertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Mai, Juni) + und Delta Nied (Mai, Juni) -, dann Pflanzenentwicklung -; Delta Bodenfeuchte -, dann Wachstum -; Delta T (März, April) 〈 0°C, dann Schäden +;
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1975-77 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY INKA BB
  • 29
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    Economy of flight at supersonic speeds (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: Prandtl's theory is used to determine the airflow over bodies and wings adapted to supersonic flight. By making use of these results, and by incorporating in them an allowance for the probable skin friction, some estimates of expected lift-drag ratios are made for various flight speeds with the best configuration. At each speed a slender body and wings having the best angle of sweepback are considered. For the range of supersonic speeds shown an airplane of normal density and loading would be required to operate at an altitude of the order of 60,000 feet. The limiting value of 1-1/2 times the speed of sound corresponds to a flight speed of 1000 miles per hour. At this speed about 1.5 miles per gallon of fuel are expected. It is interesting to note that this value corresponds to a value of more than 15 miles per gallon when the weight is reduced to correspond to that of an ordinary automobile.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 499-514
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  • 30
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    Aeroelastic characteristics of an oblique wing (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: In theory, the most efficient wing shape for transonic and low supersonic speeds is simply a long narrow straight subsonic wing turned at an oblique angle to the flight direction. This theory has been verified by tests at Mach numbers from .6 to 1.4 in supersonic wind tunnel and by comparative studies of transonic transport designs.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 867-883
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  • 31
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    Aerodynamic design for supersonic speeds (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: Recent theoretical and experimental work in supersonic aerodynamics is reviewed with its practical application in mind. Several arrangements of supporting surfaces and bodies are discussed and in some cases comparisons of theory and experiment are made. Finally, certain phenomena connected with lift and drag in a rarefied medium are considered briefly.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 625-644
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  • 32
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    Theoretical determination of the minimum drag of airfoils at supersonic speeds (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: A method is reported for determining mathematically the combined disturbance field, and in certain cases the minimum drag, of wings at supersonic speeds. The simplest analytic example is provided by the wing of elliptic planform, which achieves its minimum drag when the lift is distributed uniformly over the surface. With a symmetrical distribution of thickness, the requirement of minimum drag for a given total volume is found to lead to profiles of constant curvature.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 567-578
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  • 33
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    The minimum drag of thin wings in frictionless flow (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: The assumptions of the thin airfoil theory are found to provide certain necessary conditions for the minimum drag of airfoils having a given total lift, a given maximum thickness, or a given volume. The conditions are applicable to steady or unsteady motions and to subsonic or supersonic speeds without restriction on the planform. The computation of drag and the statement of the conditions for minimum drag depend on the consideration of a combined flow field, which is obtained by superimposing the disturbance velocities in forward and reversed motions. If the planform of the airfoil and its total lift are given, it is found that, for minimum drag, the lift must be distributed in such a way that the downwash in the combined field is constant over the entire planform. If the planform is given and the thickness of the airfoil is required to contain a specified volume, then the thickness must be distributed over the planform in such a way that the pressure gradient of the combined field in the direction of flight is constant at all points of the wing.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 557-565
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  • 34
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    Calculation of the motion of an airplane under the influence of irregular disturbances (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: The application of mathematical advances made in electricity and other branches to problems of airplane dynamics is demonstrated. The Heaviside-Bromwich methods of solution of linear differential equations are described and it is shown how these methods avoid the consideration of boundary conditions and of particular or complementary integrals. It is pointed out that if the solution of the differential equation is obtained for the case of a unit disturbance, the effect of varying disturbances may be found therefrom by Carson's theorem. A graphical solution of Carson's integral for irregular disturbances is given. The procedure of obtaining unit solutions of the equations is then taken up and the analogy between Heaviside's symbolic series solution and a physical procedure of approximation is shown. It is suggested that a fictitious impulsive disturbance be used in the treatment of initial motions.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 21-29
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  • 35
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    Three-dimensional wings of minimum pressure drag (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: In linearized flow theory, certain very interesting extremal properties of wings can be derived under rather broad conditions without the use of a complicated mathematical apparatus. The present chapter reviews certain results of this theory and indicates some rather obvious extensions to incorporate various auxiliary conditions. Several examples illustrating the relation between the geometrical features of the wing and the lift distribution for minimum drag are given.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 645-656
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  • 36
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    Some recent developments in the aerodynamics of wings for high speeds (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: The items discussed are: (1) a recently proposed correction formula for the effect of compressibility in two dimensional subsonic flow; (2) the equivalence rule and the area rule for transonic speeds; (3) reciprocal relations in linearized wing theory; and (4) some general results connected with the problem of minimum wave resistance. The paper concludes with an example showing indentation of the fuselage to obtain favorable interference with the wing at supersonic speeds.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 601-608
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  • 37
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    Theoretical correction for the lift of elliptic wings (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: In the wing section theory the magnitude of the circulation, and hence of the lift, is determined by the velocity that would be induced near the trailing edge of the section in a non-lifting potential flow. In three dimensional flow the problem is complicated by the presence of the wake and no simple basic solution has been found. Treatment of the problem of a wing of finite span is reported on the basis of the two dimensional theory, corrected for the effect of the wake.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 245-249
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  • 38
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    Reduction of wave drag by antisymmetric arrangement of wings and bodies (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: In theory, antisymmetric arrangements of wings and bodies can have smaller wave drag than corresponding mirror-symmetric arrangements. Thus, a long narrow oblique wing which presents the same aspect for two opposite directions of flight is potentially more efficient than corresponding (i.e., structurally equivalent) swept wing. The single continuous wing panel also adapts itself more readily to varying angles of obliquity, and hence, to varying flight speeds. Previous work on the aerodynamics and flight stability of oblique wing combinations is reviewed and a possible mode of application to transport aircraft operating at moderate supersonic speeds is suggested.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 657-664
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 39
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    The compressibility rule for drag of airfoil noses (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: It is shown that the drag of any semi-infinite airfoil section in purely subsonic inviscid flow follows precisely the Prandtl-Glauert compressibility rule. The result for the parabola has application to leading edge corrections in thin airfoil theory.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 619-623
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 40
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    Possibilities of efficient high-speed transport airplanes (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: Comparisons of wing-body combinations may not disclose the full effect of a loss in aerodynamic efficiency. If the thrust needs to be increased at a given altitude then more or larger engines will have to be used and the possibility of concealing them becomes less. In this process the lift drag ratio of the complete airplane may become still more unfavorable than indicated by the comparison. Primarily aerodynamic and structural considerations point toward the development of turbojet engines specifically adapted to operation in an atmosphere of one tenth normal density. In addition to the numerous other technological problems associated with operation at these high altitudes, the problems of safe descent and effective limitation to low speeds at low altitudes seem important.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 579-592
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 41
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    Leading-edge singularities in thin-airfoil theory (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: If the thin airfoil theory is applied to an airfoil having a rounded leading edge, a certain error will arise in the determination of the pressure distribution around the nose. It is shown that the evaluation of the drag of such a blunt nosed airfoil by the thin airfoil theory requires the addition of a leading edge force, analogous to the leading edge thrust of the lifting airfoil. The method of calculation is illustrated by application to: (1) The Joukowski airfoil in subsonic flow; and (2) the thin elliptic cone in supersonic flow. A general formula for the edge force is provided which is applicable to a variety of wing forms.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 533-538
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    The use of conical and cylindrical fields in supersonic wing theory (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: Some of the recent advances in the theory of thin airfoils are presented with particular reference to extensions of the theory to three dimensional flows and to supersonic speeds. The problem discussed herein is the calculation of the small disturbance velocities u, v, and w in the external field produced by the flight velocity V of the airfoil.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 483-497
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  • 43
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    Transonic/supersonic inlet R and D past, present, and future (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-07
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA Lewis Research Center Inlet Workshop; p 427-480
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  • 44
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    Gamma rays, cosmic rays, and galactic structure (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: Observations of cosmic and gamma radiation by SAS-2 satellite are summarized and analyzed to determine processes responsible for producing observed galactic radiation. In addition to the production of gamma rays in discrete galactic objects such as pulsars, there are three main mechanisms by which high-energy (greater than 100 MeV) radiation is produced by high-energy interactions involving cosmic rays in interstellar space. These processes, which produce what may be called diffuse galactic gamma-rays, are: (1) the decay of pi mesons produced by interactions of cosmic ray nucleons with interstellar gas nuclei; (2) the bremsstrahlung radiation produced by cosmic ray electrons interacting in the Coulomb fields of nuclei of interstellar gas atoms; and (3) Compton interactions between cosmic ray electrons and low-energy photons in interstellar space.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 315-346
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  • 45
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    Gamma rays and large scale galactic structure (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: Gamma ray astronomy is now beginning to provide a new look at the galactic structure and the distribution of cosmic rays, both electrons and nucleons, within the galaxy. The observations are consistent with a galactic spiral-arm model in which the cosmic rays are linearly coupled to the interstellar gas on the scale of the spiral arms. The agreement between the predictions of the model and the observations for regions of the plane where both 21-cm and 2.6-mm CO surveys exist emphasizes the need to extend these observations to include the entire plane. Future gamma-ray observations with more sensitivity and better angular resolutions, combined with these radio surveys, should shed new light on the distribution of cosmic rays, the nature of the galaxy, and the location and intensity of the spiral arms.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 301-314
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  • 46
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    Galactic distribution of pulsars (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: The density distributions of pulsars in luminosity, period, Z-distance, and galactocentric distance were derived, using a uniform sample of pulsars detected during a 408-MHz pulsar survey at Jodrell Bank. There are indications of a fine-scale structure in the spatial distributions and evidence that there is a general correlation with other galactic populations and the overall spiral structure. The electron layer in our galaxy is shown to be wider than the pulsar layer and uniform on a large scale. The number of pulsars in the galaxy has been estimated and used to derive the pulsar birthrate.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 265-282
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  • 47
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    Gamma rays and supernova explosions (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: Thermal radiation associated with the explosion of supernovae is investigated. High temperature is required to produce copious gamma radiation of this sort. It appears that type 11 supernovae do not release much of their energy as gamma ray continuum radiation.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 257-264
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  • 48
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    Remarks on the overall distribution of hydrogen in the galactic disk (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: The degree of saturation characterizing low altitude emission observations of H(I) and the optical depth corrections to the derived column and volume densities are discussed. The amount of fine-scale velocity and spatial structure diluted by the instrumental limitations of the presently available surveys are described. The general problem of detailed mapping of H(I) in the galaxy is explored. Comparison is made between the distribution of H(I) and that of CO and several other galactic tracers. Atomic hydrogen is unique in its distribution, instead of being typical of many Population I constituents. As defined by atomic hydrogen, the galactic disk has a diameter fully twice as large as that defined by the ionized and molecular states of hydrogen, as well as by other molecules, supernova remnants, pulsars, gamma-radiation, synchroton radiation, and the youngest stars. It is also less confined to the galactic equator than most of the other constituents. The degree of small scale structure apparent in the molecular observations is much greater than that in the H(I) observations.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 163-188
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  • 49
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    Gamma ray pulsars (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: Data from the SAS-2 high-energy gamma-ray experiment reveal the existence of four pulsars emitting photons above 35 MeV. An attempt is made to explain the gamma-ray emission from these pulsars in terms of an electron-photon cascade that develops in the magnetosphere of the pulsar. Although there is very little material above the surface of the pulsar, the very intense magnetic fields (10 to the 12th power gauss) correspond to many radiation lengths which cause electrons to emit photons by magnetic bremsstrahlung and which cause these photons to pair-produce. The cascade develops until the mean photon energy drops below the pair-production threshold which is in the gamma-ray range; at this stage, the photons break out from the source.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 109-118
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  • 50
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    Radiation mechanisms and magnetospheric structure of pulsars (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: Considerations made in developing a model of pulsars are explored. Observational data seems to support the argument that pulsar magnetospheres may contain large masses of plasma. The cascade process resulting from pair creation enables one to interpret the X-ray emission from the Crab and Vela pulsars as synchrotron radiation. On the other hand, the optical radiation from the Crab pulsar is best understood as coherent curvature radiation. Radio emission is interpreted as curvature radiation produced by charge bunches moving along magnetic-field lines. Certain tests of this model are proposed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 99-108
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  • 51
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    Comments on wind-tunnel-flight correlations for the F-8 supercritical wing configurations (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 111-120
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  • 52
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    A parametric experimental study of the slotted-wall boundary condition (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: An experimental study of slotted upper and lower walls in a two dimensional transonic wind tunnel with solid sidewalls is reported. Results are presented for several slot spacings and slot openness ratios. The experimental data were pressure measurements which were made on an airfoil model and on a sidewall near one of the slotted walls. The slotted-wall boundary condition coefficient, which related the pressure and streamline curvature near the wall, was determined from the wall pressure measurements. The measured wall-induced interference was correlated with the experimental values for the boundary condition coefficient. This correlation was compared with theory.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 459-471
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  • 53
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    The long term variability of HDE 226868 = Cygnus X-1 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: Investigation of blue-sensitive photographs of HDE 226868 = Cygnus X-1 reveal no (+ or - 0.06 mag) long-term changes in brightness since the beginning of the century nor any abrupt intensity changes similar to what was observed at X-ray and radio frequencies. From the double sinusoidal fluctuation with 5.6 day period, an attempt is made to derive a more precise value for the orbital period, but problems are encountered and discussed. There exists evidence that the amplitude of the orbital fluctuations is increasing slowly with time.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 513-520
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  • 54
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    The interacting binary SCO X-1 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: Spectroscopic observations of Sco X-1 show conclusively that the emission lines vary in radial velocity with a period of .787 sup d + or - .006 and a full range of approximately 120 km/s. The period is identical to that found by Gottleib et al (1975) from photometric data; light minimum occurs when the emission line region is at superior conjunction. The observations indicate that the emission lines originate in an accretion disk surrounding a neutron star which is orbiting about a normal, although somewhat evolved companion. The light variation is due to a heating effect on the non degenerate star, viewed at a small inclination angle.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 683-690
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  • 55
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    Evidence for a 17d periodicity from Cyg X-3 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: Data which indicate a periodicity of 17d from Cyg X-3 are reviewed. The data are taken from the Ariel 5 satellite All-Sky Monitor and the Sky Survey Experiment.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: X-ray Binaries; p 245-253
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  • 56
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    Her X-1 spectral evidence for a strong magnetic field (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: The steep high energy cutoff observed in the spectrum for Her X-1 is analyzed in terms of the severely modified Thomson scattering that dominates the radiative transfer in a highly magnetized plasma near the surface of a neutron star. The data are shown to indicate a field of about 10 to the 13th power G near the magnetic poles and the stopping of accreting matter by nuclear collisions in the neighboring plasma.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: X-ray Binaries; p 113-118
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  • 57
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    Soft X-rays from Her X-1 during the off phase (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: Weak 0.28-keV radiation was observed from Her X-1 5 days before turn-on in the 35 day cycle. The observations were made from an Aerobee rocket. The 0.28-keV intensity is about 1/25 that observed during the on phase. Some evidence for X-rays above 1 keV is also present, and it is possible that the spectrum is different only in intensity from the spectrum in the on phase. The radiation may be X-rays from the vicinity of the neutron star, scattered by ionized material in the inner accretion disk, or may be thermal radiation from the inner accretion disk, or both.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 127-139
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  • 58
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    An X-ray determination of the orbital elements of 3U 0900-40 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: The orbital elements of the 3U 0900-40 binary system were determined by measuring the variations in the arrival times of the 283-second X-ray pulses. The best-fit values of the system parameters and their 95% confidence limits are listed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 661-667
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  • 59
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    Mass determination for the X-ray binary system Vela X-1 (equals 3U 0900-40) (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: From a radial velocity study of lines of He I and the heavier ions of HD 77581 (=Vela X-1), orbital elements for this X-ray binary system are derived. Together with the orbital elements given by Rappaport and McClintock from X-ray pulsar results, this enables determination of masses for both the X-ray and the early type supergiant component.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 643-657
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  • 60
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    The 'other' galactic X-ray sources (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: There is a standard model for X-ray sources comprising a binary system containing a compact star and powered by mass accretion. It can be argued that the majority and perhaps all the galactic X-ray sources are of this kind. Three kinds of sources which may be qualitatively different from these are discussed: namely, low luminosity sources such as 3U0352 + 30, the sources associated with the globular clusters, and the transient X-ray sources.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 669-676
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  • 61
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    The broad emission features in 'wake' in HD 153919 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: It is shown that the broad emission features in the spectrum of HD 153919 are associated with the X-ray secondary and not significantly with the primary star. When the primary is at maximum velocity towards us, the HeI line lambda 4471 develops a blue shifted secondary component with a velocity of -470 km/sec relative to the primary.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 569-574
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  • 62
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    Effects of radiation pressure on the equipotential surfaces in X-ray binaries (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: Equipotential surfaces incorporating the effect of radiation pressure were computed for the X-ray binaries Cen X-3, Cyg X-1 = HDE 226868, Vela XR-1 = 3U 0900-40 = HD 77581, and 3U 1700-37 = HD 153919. The topology of the equipotential surfaces is significantly affected by radiation pressure. In particular, the so-called critical Roche (Jacobian) lobes, the traditional figure 8's, do not exist. The effects of these results on modeling X-ray binaries are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: X-ray Binaries; p 499-511
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  • 63
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    Absorption dips at low X-ray energies in Cygnus X-1 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: Absorbing material in Cygnus X-1 jitters near the line joining the two stars, out of the orbital plane is described. Three looks with the Copernicus satellite at Cygnus X-1 have produced four examples of absorption dips (decreases in the 2 to 7 keV flux from Cygnus X-1 with an increase of spectral hardness consistent with photoelectric absorption).
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 425-427
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  • 64
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    The May 1975 transient radio event in Cyg X-1 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: Radio observations of Cyg X-1 (HDE 226868) taken during the period May-June 1975 at 2,695 and 8,085 MHz are presented and discussed in the context of both the previous four years of data at these frequencies and subsequent data for September-October 1975. The data show that the radio event was a transient one with a time scale of the order of a few to several weeks, and that the observed radio decay was qualitatively similar to the observed decay of the enhanced X-ray state.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 495-497
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  • 65
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    A procedure for analyzing transonic flow over harmonically oscillating airfoils (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: Finite difference procedures were successfully used to solve the steady transonic flow about airfoils and appear to provide a practical means for calculating the corresponding unsteady flow. The purpose of the paper is to describe a finite difference procedure derived from the equations for the potential flow by assuming small perturbations and harmonic motion. The velocity potential is divided into steady and unsteady parts, and the resulting unsteady equation is linearized on the basis of small amplitudes of oscillation. The steady velocity potential, which must be calculated first, is described by the classical nonlinear transonic differential equation.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 657-670
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  • 66
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    Section drag coefficients from pressure probe transverses of a wing wake at low speeds (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: An in-flight wing wake section drag investigation was conducted using traversing pitot and static probes. The primary objective was to develop measurement techniques and improve the accuracy of in-flight wing profile drag measurements for low values of dynamic pressure and Reynolds number. Data were obtained on a sailplane for speeds from about 40 knots to 125 knots at chord Reynolds numbers between 1,000,000 and 3,000,000. Tests were conducted with zero flap deflection, deflected flaps, and various degrees of surface roughness, and for smooth and rough atmospheric conditions. Several techniques were used to increase data reliability and to minimize certain bias errors. A discussion of the effects of a total pressure probe in a pressure gradient, and the effects of discrete turbulence levels, on the data presented and other experimental results is also included.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 601-621
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  • 67
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    Some calculations of transonic potential flow for the NACA 64A006 airfoil with oscillating flap (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: A method for calculating the transonic flow over steady and oscillating airfoils was developed by Isogai. It solves the full potential equation with a semi-implicit, time-marching, finite difference technique. Steady flow solutions are obtained from time asymptotic solutions for a steady airfoil. Corresponding oscillatory solutions are obtained by initiating an oscillation and marching in time for several cycles until a converged periodic solution is achieved. In this paper the method is described in general terms, and results are compared with experimental data for both steady flow and for oscillations at several values of reduced frequency. Good agreement for static pressures is shown for subcritical speeds, with increasing deviation as Mach number is increased into the supercritical speed range. Fair agreement with experiment was obtained at high reduced frequencies with larger deviations at low reduced frequencies.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 689-700
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  • 68
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    Applications of dynamic measurement techniques to wind-tunnel testing (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: The uses of laser Doppler velocimeter, hot wire, and surface hot film techniques in the study of turbulent flows are described, and data obtained in compressible flows are discussed. Applications are illustrated with measurements of wind tunnel freestream turbulence characteristics and with data obtained in transitional, turbulent, and separated shear flows. A new method which was developed for the study of time dependent and unsteady turbulent flows is also presented.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 571-588
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  • 69
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    Aircraft (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The physical principles of flight, and the consideration of atmospheric composition and aerodynamic forces in the design and construction of various types of aircraft are discussed. Flight characteristics are described for helicopters, rotary-wing aircraft, short and vertical takeoff aircraft, and tailess or variable geometry wing aircraft. Flow characteristics at various speeds are also discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Soviet Aircraft and Rockets (NASA-TT-F-770); p 24-80
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  • 70
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    Executive summary of Aircraft Icing Specialists Workshop (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: In a period of escalating development costs for new aircraft, there is growing interest in a renewed and coordinated icing research effort to achieve an updating or modernization of each aspect of the technological issues that are involved. This includes the data base, analysis methods, test techniques, and test facilities.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Aircraft Icing; p 1-16
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  • 71
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    The galactic distribution (in radius and Z) of interstellar molecular hydrogen (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Observations of the galactic longitude and latitude distributions of gamma = 2.6 mm CO emission are presented. Analysis of this spectral line data yields the large scale distribution of molecular clouds in the galactic disk and their z-distribution out of the disk. Strong maxima in the number of molecular clouds occur in the galactic nucleus and at galactic radii 4-8 kpc. The peak at 4-8 kpc correlates well with a region of enhanced 100 Mev gamma ray emissivity. This correlation strongly supports the conclusion that the gamma rays are produced as a result of cosmic ray interactions in molecular H2 clouds rather than HI. One important implication of this is that the interstellar magnetic field lines to which cosmic rays are confined must therefore not be excluded from these dense clouds. The width of the cloud layer perpendicular to galactic plane between half density points is 105 + or - 15 pc near the 5.5 kpc peak. The total mass of molecular gas in the interior of the galaxy exceeds that of atomic hydrogen.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 163-176
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    Precise determination of the distances of galaxies (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The use of the Space Telescope in the determination of the distances of galaxies is examined. The Space Telescope can check the local extragalactic distance scale to within 10-15 percent. The determination of relative distances of cosmic standard candles, viz. brightest M-supergiants and SNe I in E galaxies, is discussed. The M-supergiants map the velocity field out to v sub o approx. 3000 km s(-1) thus providing a firm basis for the determination of H sub o (global) from local distances, and the possibility to derive precise distances of all nearby field galaxies from their recession velocities. Photometry of the SNe I out to z = 0.5 leads to a direct determination of q sub o via the Hubble diagram, and the form of their light curves offers a fundamental test on the nature of redshifts. Other calculations are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Sci. Res. with the Space Telescope; p 263-293
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  • 73
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    Safety hazard of aircraft icing (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The problem of aircraft icing is reported as well as the type of aircraft affected, the pilots involved, and an identification of the areas where reduction in icing accidents are readily accomplished.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 21-27
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    Infrared astronomy and high energy astrophysics (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Observations of the diffuse far infrared flux from the galactic plane as well as far infrared measurements of the properties of dense molecular clouds, when combined with recent high-energy gamma ray measurements and radio observations of carbon monoxide, can yield new information about the total mass of molecular clouds, the large scale structure of the inner galaxy, and the density of cosmic rays. These observations are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 222-238
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    Requirements for predictions and real-time monitoring for the study of travelling interplanetary phenomena (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Physical processes within quiescent as well as disturbed flows of solar wind plasma, energetic particles, and magnetic and electric fields from the Sun are considered. Specifically, travelling interplanetary phenomena to be studied during the years of the solar maximum of solar cycle 21 are covered. It is noted that predictions, while needed for long range, logistical planning, is secondary to the requirements of synoptic real time monitoring over a wide range of particle energies and spectral bandwidths.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Solar-Terrest. Predictions Proc., Vol. 2; p 340-345
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  • 76
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    Ultraviolet observations of local gas (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: From satellite measurements of ultraviolet spectra of stars, an average density of approximately 1.1/cu cm for hydrogen atoms, in both atomic and molecular form, is estimated for regions of space along the galactic plane within about 1 kpc of the sun. About 20% of the atoms are bound in molecular form although this figure is uncertain since the ultraviolet measurements avoid the very dense interstellar clouds. Discrete values for this percentage are observed to vary markedly; regions with less than average density seem to have fractional abundances of H2 several orders of magnitude lower than average. A ratio of CO/H is observed for regions in front of stars observed by the Copernicus satellite.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 239-263
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  • 77
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    Remarks on the overall distribution of hydrogen in the galactic disk (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Several current problems concerning the overall distribution of hydrogen in the galaxy are discussed in general terms. These problems include the degree of saturation characterizing low-latitude emission observations of HI, and the optical-depth corrections to the derived column and volume densities; the amount of fine-scale velocity and spatial structure diluted by the instrumental limitations of the presently available surveys; and the general problem of detailed mapping of the HI in the galaxy. Comparison is made between the distribution of HI and that of CO and several other galactic tracers. The galactic disk as defined by atomic hydrogen has a diameter fully twice as large as that defined by the ionized and molecular states of hydrogen, as well as by other molecules, supernova remnants, pulsars, gamma radiation, synchroton radiation, and the youngest stars. It is also less confined to the galactic equator than most of the other constituents. The degree of small-scale structure apparent in the molecular observations is much greater than in the HI observations. Parameters describing the small-scale structure were determined using Monte Carlo techniques to simulate the observations.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 177-205
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  • 78
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    Density wave theory (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The prospect that density waves and galactic shock waves are present on the large-scale in disk-shaped galaxies has received support in recent years from both theoretical and observational studies. Large-scale galactic shock waves in the interstellar gas are suggested to play an important, governing role in star formation, molecule formation, and the degree of development of spiral structure. Through the dynamics of the interstellar gas and the galactic shock wave phenomenon, a new insight into the physical basis underlying the morphological classification system of galaxies is suggested.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 128-162
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  • 79
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    The problems of cosmology (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Three examples that illustrate the expected role of the Space Telescope in cosmological investigations are described addressing the distribution of globular star clusters, universe expansion, and other classical cosmological problems.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Sci. Res. with the Space Telescope; p 295-312
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  • 80
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    The central regions of active galaxies and quasars (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Theories describing the central regions of nonthermal extragalactic sources (radio galaxies, Seyfert nuclei, quasars, etc.) are examined in the light of the experimental possibilities afforded by the Space Telescope. In particular, the theory which proposes the accretion of stars or gas onto a black hole as the explanation of the central engine is discussed. Planned observations directed towards the problem of the mass, size, and structure of the central engine, and the phenomenological questions regarding the general environment of the central engine are outlined.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Sci. Res. with the Space Telescope; p 197-214
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  • 81
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    Luminosity functions and evolution of globular clusters (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The stellar dynamics of globular clusters are addressed in terms of luminosity functions, chemical topics, and dynamical topics
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Sci. Res. with the Space Telescope; p 139-150
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  • 82
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    The lateral flying qualities of the Bell XP-77 airplane as estimated from full-scale tunnel tests, 16 June 1944 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Results are presented for tests made of the full scale model of the airplane in the NACA full scale tunnel. These tests were planned so as to cover as completely as possible the lateral flying quality requirements for pursuit-type airplanes contracted for by the United States Army Air Forces.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Collected Works of Charles J. Donlan; 23 p
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  • 83
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    Civil Helicopter icing problems (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The ice capabilities of rotary wing aircraft are examined. Recommendations are given to improve the inadequacies of the weather forecasts pertaining to ice, and to adopt a low maintenance anti-ice system.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 29-30
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  • 84
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    Overview of helicopter ice protection system developments (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Helicopter ice protection design criteria was developed and technological shortcoming in meeting helicopter mission requirements is that of helicopter rotor blade ice protection. Airframe components are protected using existing technology while the rotor blade protected using the cyclic electrothermal deicing concept.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 39-65
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  • 85
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    A review of the icing situation from the standpoint of general aviation (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: An overview of the present situation in the field of aircraft icing with respect to certification and operation of nontransport category airplanes is given. Problems of definition and inconsistencies are pointed out. Problems in the forecasting and measurement of icing intensities are discussed. The present regulatory environment is examined with respect to its applicability and appropriateness to nontransport airplanes.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 31-38
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  • 86
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    Icing of aircraft Some remarks with an historical slant from a cloud physicist (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Three areas of interest are commented on: cloud physics, nowcasting, and instrumentation. A comparison is made of what was done 30 years ago to what might be done in light of developments in related areas of cloud physics, weather modification and instrumentation.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 17-19
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  • 87
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    Physical characteristics of interplanetary space (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The most important properties of the interplanetary medium are its interplanetary plasma (solar wind), magnetic field, galactic and solar cosmic rays, and micrometeorite material. Also considered is electromagnetic radiation from the sun, stars, and the galaxy.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Found. of Space Biol. and Med., Vol. 1; p 32-111
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  • 88
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    Theories of the origin and nature of the universe (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The origin of life on earth is seen arising as a natural consequence of a long series of physical and chemical processes taking place in association with evolution of the universe. The present theory is that any premordial earth atmosphere, resulting from accumulation from the primitive solar nebula, was probably swept away by the very intensive T Tauri stage of the solar wind. Subsequently, the present atmosphere and oceans of the earth were outgassed from the interior. Biochemical components of the gases were mainly water vapor and carbon dioxide.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Found. of Space Biol. and Med., Vol. 1; p 3-31
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  • 89
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    Computational aerodynamics (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The application of computer techniques for solving Navier-Stokes equations in support of wind tunnel tests is discussed. The ILLIAC IV computer is considered for this purpose and its limitations are analyzed. The author states that improved computers will make it possible to solve many aerodynamic problems and reduce the amount of wind tunnel testing required for adequate data processing.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA/Univ. Conf. on Aeron.; p 211-212
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  • 90
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    On wake vortex alleviation (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Research within NASA relating to the nature of lift-induced vortex wakes behind large aircraft and the means whereby the hazard they represent to smaller aircraft can be alleviated is reviewed. The research, carried out in ground based facilities and in flight shows that more rapid dispersion of the wake can be effected by several means and that the modification of span-loading by appropriate flap deflection holds promise of early practical application.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA/Univ. Conf. on Aeron.; p 143-168
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  • 91
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    The X-ray variability of Vela X-1 (3U 0900-40) (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: From observations of Vela X-1 with the MSSL 2.5-7.5 keV detector onboard Copernicus, the behavior of the source can be characterized by three phases: (1) high intensity, (2) low intensity, and (3) eclipse. Combining data from the 1972 Uhuru observations with eclipse observation yields a binary period of 8.963 + or - 0.001 days with zero phase on 1975 Feb. 6.97 + or - 0.04 UT. The low intensity phase is interpreted as being due to increased absorption in an accretion wake traveling across the line of sight (the spectral slope remains relatively constant throughout the cycle). Another period of enhanced absorption immediately after exit from eclipse may be due to a bow shock. Comparison of the two observations suggests that these structures vary from cycle to cycle and, since the orbital period is long, probably during each cycle.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 629-642
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  • 92
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    Short time transient periodicities from Cyg X-1 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-18
    Description: The temporal behavior of three new events of modulated optical emission from Cyg X1, detected in July 1975, is presented. Short time periodicities in the optical band are investigated. Single photon pulses from the photomultiplier are recorded on magnetic tape together with a very accurate 1 kHz reference frequency. During playback of the tape, the reference signal gives a 1 ms timing to a scaler interfaced with a small processor and the number of photon per millisecond is recorded on a digital tape.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries; p 485-492
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  • 93
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    Three dimensional boundary layer separation in supersonic flow (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: An account is given of a detailed experimental investigation of three dimensional boundary layer separation in supersonic flow. In investigating three dimensional effects on supersonic separation, models were chosen which exhibited departures from two dimensional flow in the simplest way. The plane compression corner was replaced by a plate attached to a swept back wedge formed by two obliquely intersecting planes. Maintaining a constant tunnel Mach number of 2.5, surface pressure measurements were made on these models at static orifices spaced along the centerline and along three parallel lines. The flow parameters in the boundary layer and separated regions adjacent to the model surface were measured by traversing hot wire and pitot probes. The traverses were taken across the boundary layer and reversed flow regions in a direction normal to the body surface; they were made in several vertical planes, including the plane of symmetry.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Flow Separation; 13 p
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  • 94
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    An experimental and numerical investigation of shock wave induced turbulent boundary layer separation at hypersonic speeds (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: A thoroughly documented experiment is reported that was specifically designed to test and guide computations of the interaction of an impinging shock wave with a turbulent boundary layer. Detailed mean flow field and surface data are presented for two shock strengths which resulted in attached and separated flows, respectively. Numerical computations are used to illustrate the dependence of the computations on the particulars of the turbulence models. Models appropriate for zero pressure gradient flows predicted the overall features of the flow fields, but were deficient in predicting many of the details of the interaction regions. Improvements to the turbulence model parameters were sought through a combination of detailed data analysis and computer simulations which tested the sensitivity of the solutions to model parameter changes. Computer simulations using these improvements are presented and discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Flow Separation; 13 p
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  • 95
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    On the calculation of supersonic separating and reattaching flows (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: A method is developed for solving the laminar and turbulent compressible boundary layer equations for separating and reattaching flows. Results of this method are compared with experimental data for two laminar and three turbulent layer, shock wave interactions. Several Navier-Stokes solutions are obtained for each of the laminar boundary layer, shock wave interactions considered. Comparison of these solutions indicates a first order sensitivity in C sub f to the computational mesh selected in both the viscous and inviscid portions of the flow. Comparison of the present boundary layer solutions with the Navier-Stokes solutions and with data for a given Mach number indicates that as long as the separation bubble is small, the boundary layer approximation yields solutions whose accuracy is comparable to the Navier-Stokes solutions.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Flow Separation; 12 p
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  • 96
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    On presupernova dynamical mass ejection by non-detonated stellar cores (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Stars in the range of 4 to 8 solar masses are known to develop degenerate carbon-oxygen cores of about 1.4 solar masses. Arguments are presented why, contrary to past assumption, carbon ignition may not lead to the formation of a detonation wave. Rather, an initially subsonic burning front results which subsequently may be brought under control by adiabatic expansion. This dynamic phase leads to a centrally incinerated and expanded core. The loosely bound red-giant envelope is ejected to form an extended nebula. Neutrino cooling of the core finally induces collapse. Provided that sufficient energy is liberated in the dynamic formation of a neutron star, a supernova event will result. The distended nebula is ideally suited for the production of the visible supernova light curves. Thus, carbon nondetonation may give a viable alternative evolution to supernovae that avoids the impasse encountered by the detonation-disrupted models.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 97
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    Motion of shocks through interplanetary streams (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A model for the motion of flare-generated shocks through interplanetary streams is presented which illustrates the effects of a stream-shock interaction on the shock strength and geometry. It is a gasdynamic calculation based on Whitham's (1958) method and on an empirical approximation for the relevant characteristics of streams. The results show that the Mach number of a shock can decrease appreciably to near unity in the interaction region ahead of streams and that the interaction of a spherically symmetric shock with a spiral-shaped corotating stream can cause significant distortions of the initial shock-front geometry. The geometry of a shock discussed by Lepping and Chao (1972) is qualitatively explained by this model.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Oct. 1
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  • 98
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    Improved upper limit on the photon rest mass (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is shown that application of standard MHD arguments to hydromagnetic waves observed in the Crab Nebula dramatically improves the upper bound on photon rest mass. The standard argument that massive photons are governed by the Phoca field equations is outlined and applied to wisp features (identified as hydromagnetic waves) observed in the Crab. The results imply an upper limit for the photon rest mass of between 3 by 10 to the -54th power and 3 by 10 to the -53rd power gram, which is smaller than the best previous limits by a factor of 10,000 to 100,000. It is noted that although the present limit is probably valid in order of magnitude, some doubt remains since there are inconsistencies in the standard arguments.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Physical Review Letters; 35; Oct. 27
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  • 99
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    Stability of nonlinear periodic pulsation of stellar envelopes (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The eigenvalue method to calculate models for periodically pulsating stars is used to study the stability of the resulting oscillations. This paper discusses results for a series of RR Lyrae models.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Cepheids Modeling; p 129-135
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  • 100
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    Hydrodynamic effects in the atmosphere of variable stars (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Numerical models of variable stars are established, using a nonlinear radiative transfer coupled hydrodynamics code. The variable Eddington method of radiative transfer is used. Comparisons are for models of W Virginis, beta Doradus, and eta Aquilae. From these models it appears that shocks are formed in the atmospheres of classical Cepheids as well as W Virginis stars. In classical Cepheids, with periods from 7 to 10 days, the bumps occurring in the light and velocity curves appear as the result of a compression wave that reflects from the star's center. At the head of the outward going compression wave, shocks form in the atmosphere. Comparisons between the hydrodynamic motions in W Virginis and classical Cepheids are made. The strong shocks in W Virginis do not penetrate into the interior as do the compression waves formed in classical Cepheids. The shocks formed in W Virginis stars cause emission lines, while in classical Cepheids the shocks are weaker.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Cepheid Modeling; p 71-83
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