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  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Triticum aestivum
  • Springer  (82)
  • Palgrave Macmillan
  • 1975-1979  (82)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (82)
  • Palgrave Macmillan
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered patterns of protein synthesis induced by heat shock of yeast (1979)
    Springer
    Current genetics 1 (1979), S. 63-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Translation ; Coordinate regulation ; Electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The products of protein synthesis from exponential phase cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown at 23 °C or at 36 °C appear to be essentially identical. However, yeast cells respond to a shift in culture temperature from 23 °C to 36 °C with the rapid de novo synthesis of a polypeptide species of molecular weight 100,000. Within 60–90 min after the shift this polypeptide represents approximately 2.5% of the total cellular protein, a 5–10 fold increase over the preshift level. The level of this polypeptide then decreases with continued growth of the cells at 36 °C. Analyses by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of polypeptides obtained from cells pulse labeled with [35S]methionine demonstrate that following a temperature shift from 23 °C to 36 °C the synthetic rate of the 100,000 molecular weight polypeptide (as well as a number of other polypeptide species) increases to a level at least 10 fold higher than that observed prior to the shift. A concomittant decrease is observed in the synthesis of a large number of polypeptide species which were actively synthesized before the shift. Maximum changes in synthetic rates are observed 20–30 min after the shift and preshift synthetic patterns are regained within 60–90 min. Synthetic changes of the same magnitude and time course can be produced by short (20–30 min) exposures to 36 °C implicating a heat shock response. Several of the transiently induced polypeptides, including the 100,000 molecular weight species, show an affinity for DNA as determined by DNA-cellulose chromatography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413307
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effect of ethanol on growth and solute accumulation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae as affected by plasma-membrane lipid composition (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 122 (1979), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ethanol inhibition ; Solute accumulation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Plasma membrane ; Lipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Incorporation of ethanol (1.0 or 1.25 M) into exponential-phase cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 366 growing anaerobically in a medium supplemented with ergosterol and an unsaturated fatty acid caused a retardation in growth rate, which was greater when the medium contained oleic rather than linoleic acid. Ethanol incorporation led to an immediate drop in growth rate, and ethanol-containing cultures grew at the slower rate for at least 10 h. Incorporation of ethanol (0.5 M) into buffered (pH 4.5) cell suspensions containing d-[6-3H] glucose, d-[1-14C] glucosamine, l-[U-14C] lysine or arginine, or KH2 32PO4 lowered the rate of solute accumulation by cells. Rates of accumulation of glucose, lysine and arginine were retarded to a greater extent when cells had been grown in the presence of oleic rather than linoleic acid. This difference was not observed with accumulation of phosphate. Ethanol was extracted from exponential-phase cells by four different methods. Cells grown in the presence of linoleic acid contained a slightly, but consistently, lower concentration of ethanol than cells grown in oleic acid-containing medium. The ethanol concentration in cells was 5–7 times greater than that in the cell-free medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408045
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid decrease of ATP content in intact cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae after incubation with low concentrations of sulfite (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 121 (1979), S. 225-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Sulfur dioxide ; Sulfite ; Air polluting substances ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; ATP hydrolysis ; Reversibility of sulfite effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sulfite, at concentrations above 1 mM and at a pH below 4, caused cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180 as measured by the colony-forming capacity. A rapid decrease in the ATP content was observed prior to cellular death. The depletion of ATP was reversible and the lethal effect could be prevented if the cells were exposed to sulfite for periods of less than 1 h. Extent and rate of ATP depletion were dependent on time, pH value, temperature and sulfite concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425059
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chromosomal location of peroxidase isozymes of the wheat kernel (1979)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 55 (1979), S. 73-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat, Peroxidases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The analysis of the individual parts of the Triticum aestivum L. kernel yields a total of 11 peroxidase isozymes: m, n, a, c, d1, d, d2, e, f, g and h (in order from faster to slower migration). Isozymes a, c and d are found in the endosperm (Ed) and seed coats (C), while m, n, d1, d2, e, f, g and h are peculiar to the embryo and scutellum (E + S). The use of the nullitetrasomic and ditellosomic series of ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat allows peroxidase isozymes to be associated with specific chromosome arms. Isozymes a, c and d (Ed) are associated with chromosome arms 7DS, 4BL and 7AS; whereas isozymes m, d2, e and f are associated with chromosome arms 3DS, 3BL, 3DL and 3DL, respecitvely. Thus, the E + S isozymes are associated with homoeology group 3 and the Ed isozymes with homoeology groups 7 (a and d isozymes) or 4 (c isozymes).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285193
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combining ability analysis over F1-F5 generations in diallel crosses of bread wheat (1979)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 55 (1979), S. 77-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Combining ability analysis ; Triticum aestivum ; Diallel crosses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Combining ability studies for grain yield and its primary component traits in diallel crosses involving seven diverse wheat cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over generations F1-F5 are reported. The general and specific combining ability variances were significant in all generations for all the traits except specific combining ability variance for number of spikes per plant in the F5. The ratio of general to specific combining ability variances was significant for all the traits except grain yield in all the generations. This indicated an equal role of additive and non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of grain yield, and the predominance of the former for its component traits. The presence of significant specific combining ability variances in even the advanced generations may be the result of an additive x additive type of epistasis or evolutionary divergence among progenies in the same parental array. The relative breeding values of the parental varieties, as indicated by their general combining ability effects, did not vary much over the generations. The cheap and reliable procedure observed for making the choice of parents, selecting hybrids and predicting advanced generation (F5) bulk hybrid performance was the determination of breeding values of the parents on the relative performance of their F2 progeny bulks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285194
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for yield in wheat breeding (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 37-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; selection ; single seed descent ; early generation yield tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary If selection based on F3 yield tests is to be effective, the yield tests must be successful in discriminating among yield genotypes. The available literature indicates that simple tests with limited or no replication are not very effective, although more extensive, replicated tests may be. Data from an experiment comparing F3 yield tests with a single seed descent procedure showed that F3 selection based on a two-replicate test with single seed descent procedure did not justify the extra work involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029170
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stem solidness and its relationship to grain yield in 17 spring wheat crosses (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 89-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; stem solidness ; Cephus cinctus ; wheat stem sawfly resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Stem solidness in the wheat plant provides resistance to the wheat stem sawfly, a pest of wheat in Montana and North Dakota, but some agronomists have been concerned that stem solidness might be related to low grain yields. We evaluated 17 spring wheat crosses for stem solidness, grain yield, and other agronomic traits in F2 through F4 generations from 1972 to 1975. Highly significant correlation (0.735) and regression (0.731) coefficients between F2 and F3 generations verify previous studies showing that stem solidness is highly heritable and that selection in F2 should be successful. Solid-stemmed F4 composites yielded more than hollow stemmed composites at Bozeman and equal yields were obtained at Huntley, indicating that stem solidness is not a deterrent to high grain yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029177
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiline cultivars — how their resistance influence leaf rust diseases in wheat (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Puccinia recondita ; leaf rust ; multiline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To understand how multiline cultivars of wheat develop better protection against leaf rust, seven experimental multilines with 0, 28, 40, 50, 58, 60 and 70% susceptibility were subjected to leaf rust epiphytotics in the field along with their pure line components. A mixture comprising 12 leaf rust races, 10, 11, 12, 17, 20, 63, 77, 106, 107, 108, 162 and 162 A was used. Both the initial inoculum (Xo) and rate of increase (r) of leaf rust were substantially reduced in the multiline cultivars. Xo was reduced by 45–75% and the over-all infection rate (r) by as much as 16% over the average of components. As a result of reduced Xo and r, the intensity of leaf rust in the multilines was also significantly affected at all stages of rust development. It was reduced from 32,10 to 89.54% over the average of components differing from one multiline to another and also from time to time. The susceptible recurrent parent, Kalyansona at the peak period of rust infection exhibited 86.75% severity while in the multilines it ranged from 5.80 to 35%. The rate of increase in the multilines was found to be proportional to the logarithm of the proportion of susceptible plants in the host mixture. Further, it was found that even if as many as 50% susceptible plants are present in a multiline they would not suffer much from leaf rust damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029184
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attraction of nematodes to metabolites of yeasts and fungi (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 909-918 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractants ; nematodes ; Panagrellus redivivus ; Rhabditis oxycerca ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; predacious fungi ; methyl acetate ; ethyl acetate ; propyl acetate ; butyl acetate ; amyl acetate ; ethyl formate ; propyl formate ; amyl formate ; ethyl propionate ; sodium methyl dithiocarbamate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The free-living nematodesPanagrellus redivivus andRhabditis oxycerca are strongly attracted to methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and amyl acetate, to ethyl, propyl, and amyl formate and to ethyl propionate, but all the respective alcohols and acids are without effect. No loss of attraction is observed when the attractants are combined with lethal concentrations of the commercial nematicide sodium methyl dithiocarbamate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990213
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selecting superior spring wheat crosses in early generations (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; grain yield ; selection ; progeny bulks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three methods were evaluated as potential aids in identifying superior crosses early in the breeding program: (1) F1 yield, (2) F2 yield, and (3) midparental yield. Two sets of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) crosses and parents were evaluated in replicated single row plots in F1 and in replicated multi-row plots in F2 over a period of five years. On the basis of F1 yields, two of the highest yielding and two of the lowest yielding crosses in each set were chosen for a more detailed selection study in subsequent generations. In Set 1, random F2 head selections for each of the selected four crosses were evaluated in 3-row yield plots in F4. In Set 2, F2 plant selections were made on the basis of head weight and the highest yielding 10% evaluated for yield in F4. Lines of crosses identified as high yielding in F1 had significantly greater mean yields in F4 than those of crosses that were low yielding in F1. The high yielding crosses had three to four times as many lines yielding in the top 10% in F4 than did the low yielding crosses. Correlations for yield were obtained between F1 and F2 in different years, F2 and midparents in the same year, lower or no correlations between F1 and midparents in the same year, and no correlations between F1 and midparent and F2 and midparent in different years. It is suggested that larger plot sizes rather than single rows be used to evaluate parents. Midparental yield, F1 yield and F2 yield tests are recommended as a progressive set of screening tests for a given set of crosses to effectively maintain the superior crosses in the breeding program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029186
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  • 11
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    Inheritance, heritability and breeding behaviour of three sources of resistance to Septoria tritici in wheat (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; backcrosses ; breeding behaviour ; genetic correlation ; heritability ; heading date ; inheritance ; plant height ; Septoria tritici
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We examined the inheritance, heritability, and breeding behaviour of resistance to Septoria tritict in the spring wheat cultivars Seabreeze, Veranopolis, and IAS-20 in crosses to the susceptible Australian spring cultivar Gamenya. Resistance in Seabreeze was higher than that in Veranopolis and IAS-20. Inheritance of resistance in Seabreeze seems to be determined by at least three recessive genes. Resistance in Veranopolis and IAS-20 might be due to a single gene. Similarity of inheritance patterns and breeding behaviour of the resistance from Veranopolis and IAS-20 and the common ancestry of these two cultivars suggest that they may carry the same gene. Standard unit heritabilities of Septoria scores, as measured by correlation of F2 plant with F3 family mean data, were high (57–68%). Parent offspring genetic correlations confirmed previously reported associations between resistance and lateness and resistance and tall plant height, but correlations were not sufficiently high to be a major obstacle to selection. Resistance in Veranopolis and IAS-20 were easily recovered in first backcrosses while that in Sea breeze was more difficult to recover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056596
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of genes for resistance against Indian stem rust races in two bread wheat cultivars (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 651-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia graminis ; stem rust resistance ; inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The genetic constitution of two bread wheat accessions from the International Spring Wheat Rust Nurseries (E 5883 and E 6032) has been studied for reaction to four Indian races of stem rust. Analysis of E 5883 has revealed that for each of the races 15C, 21 and 40 a single dominant gene operates for resistance. The dominant gene against race 15C was identified as Sr6. The dominant genes for resistance against races 21 and 40 were found to be different from the genes described so far. Resistance against race 122 is controlled by a single recessive gene producing characteristically a ‘2’ type of reaction. This gene was identified as Sr8. The resistance of E 6032 against each of the races 15C, 21 and 40 is controlled by two genes, one dominant and one recessive, which act independently. Dominant genes effective against 15C, 21 and 40 were conclusively identified as Sr6, Sr5 and Sr9b, respectively. From the correlated behaviour against races 15C and 40 as well as from the phenotypes of the resistance reactions rhe same recessive gene, undescribed so far, operates against the two races. The second recessive gene operating against race 21 was also observed to be different from those so far designated. E 6032 was, however, found to be susceptible to races 122. The presence of Sr6 both in E 5883 and E 6032 against race 15C was further confirmed through F2 and F3 segregation data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038931
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  • 13
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    Photosynthesis, transpiration, resistance to CO2 transfer, and water efficiency of flag leaf of bread wheat, durum wheat and triticale (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; durum wheat ; Triticum durum ; triticale ; Triticale ; photosynthesis ; transpiration ; water efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Net photosynthesis, transpiration, and resistances to CO2 and water vapour transfer of two cultivars of each of four types (Triticum durum, Triticum aestivum. hexaploid Triticale, octaploid Triticale) were analysed. Hexaploid triticales have the highest net photosynthesis and the best water efficiency. Water efficiency was defined by the CER/transpiration ratio measured under saturating irradiance corresponding to full stomatal opening. Cultivated bread and durum wheat cultivars (Capitole, Champlein, Bidi 17) are characterised by a low CER associated with a large flag leaf area and a high mesophyll resistance. There is a close correlation between CER., flag leaf area, mesophyll resistance and total chlorophyll content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056598
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  • 14
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    Environmental and genetic variation for protein content in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; grain protein content ; genetic variation ; harvest-index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary There is a considerable amount of variation in the protein content of wheat kernels. This variation may be induced by environmental factors, but can also be attributed to genetic differences. Within a genotype the correlation between grain yield and grain protein content can be either close to zero, positive, or negative. depending on the fertility level. Between genotypes this correlation is strongly negative. It is argued that the negative inter-genotypic correlation is largely a consequence of the high harvest-index of high yielding varieties. Breeding methods to alleviate the negative yield-protein content relationship are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056577
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  • 15
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    Physiological studies on grass-dwarf selection lines in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 769-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat hybrid grass clump dwarfness ; physiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Low power heating wires insulated in a flexible plastic strip were used to heat the shoot meristematic region of grass-dwarf genotypes to a precise temperature. The results indicate that the shoot apical meristem is the region requiring 26°C for the initiation of reproductive development in these genotypes. A secondary effect of the reproductive growth induced by high temperature treatments, was a reduction in the high levels of peroxidase enzymes found in vegetative grass-dwarf plants. The heating wire provides a precise method to identify Type I, II and III grass-dwarf genotypes according to their temperature requirements, of 26°C, 21°C and 16°C respectively, for reproductive growth under the same temperature (16 C) and photoperiod (12 hours).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038948
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  • 16
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    Production and genetic characterization of the co-isogenic lines of a common wheat Triticum aestivum CV. S-615 for ten major genes (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 579-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; common wheat ; co-isogenic lines ; pleiotropic effects ; gene transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Co-isogenic lines of a common wheat, Triticum aestivum, cv. S-615 with each of the following ten major genes were produced by repeated backcrosses; The gene C on 2D chromosome for the compactum character, s on 3D for the sphaerococcum character, Hd on 4B, B1 on 5A, and B2 on 6B for awn suppression, Hg on 1A for glume hairiness, Hp on 4A for peduncle hairiness, Ne1 on 5B and Ne2 on 2B for hybrid necrosis, and v1 on 3B for virescence. Seven of them showed the typical mendelian fashion of inheritance, while three others (C, s and v1) were transmitted at lower frequencies than their corresponding normal alleles. The effects of those major genes on 24 characters of cv. S-615 were investigated, which are summarized as follows: C: Increased node diameter, number of spikelets per ear and spike density, but decreased lengths of all ear rachis, awn, anther, empty and outer glumes, and grain, and grain index. s: Increased culm diameter and thickness, and spike density, reduced lengths of all 1st and 2nd internodes, culm, flag leaf, rachis, awn, anther, empty and outer glumes, and grain, and grain index, and accelerated heading. Hd: Increased number of spikelets per ear and anther length, while decreased length of awn, and empty and outer glumes. B1: Increased 1st internode, rachis, and anther lengths, and grain index, but decreased spike density, awn length and grain thickness. B2: Increased rachis length, number of spikelets per ear, empty and outer glume lengths and grain index, but reduced awn length and grain thickness. Hg: No effects. Hp: Increased number of spikelets per ear. Ne1: Accelerated heading, and increased empty glume length. Ne2: Increased node and culm diameters. v1: No effects. Two species-specific genes, C and s, affected a large number of characters expressed in various developmental stages. These genes were found to have pleiotropic effects, namely, they influenced, at least, two groups of interdependent characters. Three awn suppressors influenced a limited number of characters, but no evidence of their pleiotropic effects was obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038924
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  • 17
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    In situ study of the glycolytic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 197-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Glycolytic pathway ; Fermentation rate ; Protein concentration ; Kinetic parameters ; Glycolytic enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. The problem of the influence of protein concentration on the kinetic parameters of enzymes has been approached studying the glycolytic enzymes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in permeabilized cells (in situ). 2. The values of K m and V max for the different enzymes were essentially the same in dilute solutions of protein and in concentrated ones (in situ) except in the case of enolase where some differences were observed. 3. Functioning of the whole glycolytic pathway was compared in situ and in vitro measuring the rate of the fermentation of glucose. The rate of fermentation in situ was two fold higher than in vitro and the lag before active fermentation was also much shorter. 4. An unidentified phosphorylated compound, possibly polyphosphate, accumulates during the fermentation of glucose under in situ conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402308
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  • 18
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    Plasma-Membrane lipid composition and ethanol tolerance inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Plasma membrane ; Lipids ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Ethanol tolerance ; Sterols ; Fatty-acyl residues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Populations of cells suspended anaerobically in buffered (pH 4.5) M ethanol remained viable to a greater extent when their plasma membranes were enriched in linoleyl rather than oleyl residues irrespective of the nature of the sterol enrichment. However, populations with membranes enriched in ergosterol or stigmasterol and linoleyl residues were more resistant to ethanol than populations enriched in campesterol or cholesterol and linoleyl residues. Populations enriched in ergosterol and cetoleic acid lost viability at about the same rate as those enriched in oleyl residues, while populations grown in the presence of this sterol and palmitoleic acid were more resistant to ethanol. Suspending cells in buffered ethanol for up to 24 h did not lower the ethanol concentration.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00738541
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  • 19
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    Electron microscopy of germinating ascospores ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Ascospores ; Germination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The wall of mature ascospores ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae showed in sections under the electron microscope a dark outer layer and a lighter inner layer. The latter was composed of a greyish inner part and a light outer part. During germination, the spore grew out at one side and the dark outer layer was broken. Of the light inner layer, the inner greyish part became the wall of the vegetative cell, but the extented part of the cell had a new wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689354
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  • 20
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    Metabolism of the anaerobic formation of succinic acid bySaccharomyces cerevisiae (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Succinic acid ; Fermentation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Succinic acid is formed in amounts of 0.2–1.7 g/l by fermenting yeasts of the genusSaccharomyces during the exponential growth phase. No differences were observed between the various species, respiratory deficient mutants and wild type strains. 2. At low glucose concentrations the formation of succinic acid depended on the amount of sugar fermented. However, the nitrogen source was found to be of greater importance than the carbon source. 3. Of all nitrogen sources, glutamate yielded the highest amounts of succinic acid. Glutamate led to an oxidative and aspartate to a reductive formation of succinic acid. 4. A reductive formation of succinic acid by the citric acid cycle enzymes was observed with malate. This was partially inhibited by malonate. No evidence was obtained that the glyoxylate cycle is involved in succinic acid formation by yeasts. 5. Anaerobically grown cells ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae contained α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Its activity was found in the 175000 x g sediment after fractionated centrifugation. The specific activity increased 6-fold after growth on glutamate as compared with cells grown on ammonium sulfate. 6. The specific activities of malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, succinate dehydrogenase, succinylcoenzymeA synthetase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent) were determined in yeast cells grown on glutamate or ammonium sulfate. Similar results were obtained with a wild type strain and a respiratory deficient mutant. The latter did not contain succinate dehydrogenase. 7. In fermenting yeasts succinic acid is mainly formed from glutamate by oxidation.
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    Changes in the rate of synthesis of wall polysaccharides during the cell cycle of yeast (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 119 (1978), S. 213-214 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Cell wall ; Glucan ; Mannan ; Cell cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Reevaluation and comparison of seemingly contradictory literature data on the mode of synthesis of wall polysaccharides during the cell cycle ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae explained the source of discrepancies and demonstrated their general consonance in the following points: 1. The rate of synthesis of glucan and mannan is not constant and does not increase continuously throughout the entire cell cycle. 2. The rate of synthesis of both polysaccharides is considerably reduced at the time of cell division and in the prebudding phase.
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    Genetic control of spikelet number per ear with particular reference to rate of spikelet initiation in hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum L.em.Thell.Thell. (1978)
    Springer
    Euphytica 27 (1978), S. 69-74 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; spikelet number ; spikelet initiation ; development response ; quantitative inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inheritance of spikelet number per ear and rate of spikelet initiation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) was studied in the ‘land race’ spring wheats, 8–23 and 8–27 from Afghanistan, under controlled temperature and photoperiod. Spikelet number per ear was found to be under simple genetic control with dominance for high spikelet number. It is suggested that the gene determining spikelet number does so by determining the rate of spikelet initiation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039120
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    Inheritance of slow rusting to stem rust in wheat (1978)
    Springer
    Euphytica 27 (1978), S. 95-107 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia graminis ; wheat stem rust ; black rust resistance ; inheritance of slow rusting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of the slow rusting character was studied on F5 progenies from seven spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) crossed in all possible combinations without reciprocals. The cultivars and their progenies were evaluated for slow rusting in 1974 and 1975 in epidemics of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, races 15 and 151, and traces of other races. Slow rusting varied significantly among the parents and among the F5 progeny of each cross. Transgressive segregation occurred in each cross, i.e. some progeny rusted more slowly than the parents and some faster. In crosses with both Idaed 59 and Kenya 58 the progeny distributions were skewed towards slow rust development but the distributions in the other crosses were normal. The genetic control of slow rusting was predominantly additive, and narrow sense heritability was approximately 80 percent. The number of segregating genes having an effect on slow rusting was estimated to be 2 to 12 pairs depending on the cross. Correlation between slow rusting and maturity was usually negative but in most crosses the relationship was small.
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    Factors affecting genotypic and environmental variance for crude protein content in cereals (1978)
    Springer
    Euphytica 27 (1978), S. 117-126 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Triticum aestivum ; Triticum durum ; wheat ; genotypic variance ; environmental variance ; protein content ; nitrogen fertilizer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of N fertilizer, irrigation and location on genotypic and environmental variances of barley and wheat varieties were studied in a series of trials. Genotypic variance for crude protein content, as well as for grain yield, tended to be higher under high N fertilizer rate (80 kg N/ha). The effect of N fertilizer rate on environmental variance varied with variety and location. Increase in crude protein content resulted in decrease in environmental variance for only a few of the varieties tested. The effect of quantity of irrigation water on genotypic and environmental variance for crude protein content was small.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039126
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    Practical breeding for durable resistance to rust diseases in self-pollinating cereals (1978)
    Springer
    Euphytica 27 (1978), S. 529-540 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Self-pollinating cereals ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; differential resistance ; durable resistance ; genetic control ; horizontal resistance ; non-race-specific resistance ; partial resistance ; race-specific resistance ; slow rusting ; specific virulence ; uniform resistance ; vertical resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The rust pathogens of cereals exist as populations of races that differ in their ability to attack various varieties. Varieties that are resistant when first released often become susceptible later due to the spread of previously undetected races but the time taken for this to occur in very variable. It often occurs so rapidly as to curtail the commercial use of otherwise satisfactory varieties. Some varieties, however, are widely grown for many years and remain adequately resistant to the prevalent rust diseases. They may aptly be described as having durable resistance. This durable or long-lasting resistance can be detected without any assumptions about, or detailed knowledge of, whether durability depends on any particular mechanisms of resistance, on various degrees of racespecificity or on many or few genes. Cappelle-Desprez is given as an example of a wheat variety with durable resistance to yellow rust. The most powerful test for the detection of durable resistance occurs when a variety is widely grown commercially for several years. A much weaker test is obtained by growing varieties in small disease nursery plots even when the test is repeated for several years. Usually, resistance which is durable is also partial or incomplete. Often, however, partial resistance of wheat to yellow rust has not been durable. Thus the observation that resistance is partial is not, of itself, a satisfactory criterion for the detection of durable resistance. It is suggested that the most obvious sources of durable resistance for use in breeding programmes are varieties which have been widely grown and have displayed this character. The transfer of such resistance during breeding may be achieved if the creation or incorporation of higher levels of resistance that have not been tested for durability is avoided. It should then be possible to derive resistance from the durably. resistant parent. Methods of achieving this are discussed.
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    Genetics of resistance in the wheat cultivar chhoti lerma against stem rust race 122 (1978)
    Springer
    Euphytica 27 (1978), S. 461-464 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia graminis ; stem rust ; resistance ; inheritance ; monsomic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genetics of rust resistance against stem rust race 122 in ‘Chhoti Lerma’ was studied both by conventional and aneuploid analysis. Observations on F1, F2 and F2 backcross progenies revealed the operation of two recessive genes, controlling resistance in ‘Chhoti Lerma’. Monosomic analysis confirmed the operation of two recessive genes conferring resistance to race 122 located on chromosomes 1D and 7D. A minor gene or modifier was also located on chromosome 1B. This was concluded from the fact that F2 of mono's x ‘Chhoti Lerma’ exhibited skewness in favour of resistant plants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043172
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    Effectiveness of genes for leaf rust resistance in international wheat rust nurseries, 1970–1975 (1978)
    Springer
    Euphytica 27 (1978), S. 511-519 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia recondita ; leaf rust ; resistance genes ; data base
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Monogenic lines resistant to leaf rust of spring and winter wheats were grown in the world wheat-producing areas from 1970 through 1975. Lines containing the alleles Lr9 (Wi), Lr9 (Tc), and Lr19 (Tc) were more resistant to the leaf rust pathogen than those containing Lr1 (Tc), −1 (Wi), −1,3 (Wi), −2A (Tc), −2A (Wi), −2D (Tc), −3 (Tc), −3 (Wi), −10 (Tc), −16 (Tc), −17 (Tc), −18 (Tc), or −2D (Pld). Monogenic line Lr1 (Wi) possibly has more than one gene for resistance and resistance properties similar to cultivars with ‘field resistance’. A computer data base was created to produce the information used in this paper.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043177
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    Pollen sterility induced by ethrel and its utilization in hybridization of wheat (1978)
    Springer
    Euphytica 27 (1978), S. 353-360 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; hybrid wheat ; chemical emasculation ; gametocide ; cross-pollination ; hybrid seed production ; Ethrel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In 1974 and 1975 gametocidal effects of Ethrel were investigated under field conditions in the spring wheat cv. Zlatka. In experimental plants grain setting per spikelet and ear as well as ability to be cross-pollinated were ascertained. As compared with the control, treated variants achieved more than 90% sterility. Female fertility was not affected and cross-pollination was possible. Genetical check showed that the best variants, when cross-pollinated, produced 50–55% hybrids; grain setting, however, was brought down by more than 37%. As a result of Ethrel treatment haulm length was reduced and the vegetation period was somewhat prolonged.
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    Aneuploid analysis for protein content and tyrosinase activity in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) (1978)
    Springer
    Euphytica 27 (1978), S. 805-810 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; kernel protein content ; tyrosinase enzyme ; aneuploid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A study was conducted to locate the genes responsible for the determination of kernel protein content and tyrosinase activity in a hexaploid wheat variety UP 301 using Pb. C591 monosomic series. Genes located on chromosomes 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 3D and 7D of UP 301 controlled protein content of UP 301. Of these the B genome chromosomes were found to have genes for increased protein content while the D genome chromosomes were found to carry genes for low protein content. A major gene coding for tyrosinase enzyme was detected on chromosome 6B of UP 301 and a modifier on chromosome 5B. This indicated the possibility of improving these quality characters through chromosome manipulation.
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    In vivo and in vitro studies on the glucose dependent inactivation of yeast cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 55-60 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Malate dehydrogenase ; Inactivation ; Glucose metabolism ; Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Glyoxylate cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known to be inactivated by a glucose dependent process. In this paper it is shown that in vivo effectors of the glucose metabolism (arsenate, iodoacetate, acetaldehyde) inhibit the inactivation or change the inactivation kinetics. In vitro it was possible to inactivate the malate dehydrogenase by addition of the glucose metabolite glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The physiological relevance of this modification and the effect of malate dehydrogenase inactivation on the glyoxylate cycle in yeast is discussed.
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    The formation of glycosidic bonds in yeast glycoproteins (1977)
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    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 77-81 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Mannoproteins ; Dolichyl monophosphate mannose ; Subcellular site of glycosylation ; Secretion ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Membranes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were separated on urografin gradients. The specific activity of the light membranes (endoplasmic reticulum), the Golgi-like vesicles and the plasma membrane in transferring mannosyl residues from GDP-mannose to mannoproteins and to dolichyl monophosphate has been determined. The first mannose of the O-glycosidically linked manno-oligosaccharides is incorporated with the highest specific activity by the endoplasmic reticulum. The incorporation of the second to fourth mannosyl groups is catalysed with increasing activity also by the Golgi-like vesicles and the plasma membrane. The incorporation of mannosyl groups into weak alkali-stable positions (N-glycosidically linked chains) is carried out with almost the same specific activity by all three membrane fractions, however, dolicholdependent and-independent steps could not be distinguished as yet. The results are discussed in terms of a sequential addition of sugar residues along the route of export of the mannoproteins. The dolichol-dependent steps seem to occur on the endoplasmic reticulum and thus very carly in the event.
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    The effect of aminopterin (4-amino folic acid) on growth and cell division of fermentative versus oxidative yeasts (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 293-302 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Aminopterin ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Polyploid ; Oxidative-fermentative yeast ; Ultrastructure ; Bioassay ; Synchrony
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a related brewing study detailed characteristics of fermentations displaying effective yeastaminopterin interaction were presented. Fermentative yeast types (certain Saccharomyces species and Selenotila intestinalis) proved effective aminopterin reactors whereas oxidative yeasts (certain Candida, Cryptococcus, Pichia, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, and Trigonopsis species) proved ineffective reactors. In general effective reactors were polyploids characterized by the lack of film or pellicle formation and ineffective reactors the opposite. In stationary fermentations the Fleischmann 139 strain of S. cerevisiae proved a fair reactor. When aerated it proved an ineffective reactor and aminopterin or products there-of stimulated growth. Conversely aeration enhanced aminopterin activity of effective reactor yeasts. The positive effect of biotin on aminopterin activity and the negative effect of yeast extract, L-asparagine, adenine and thymine is shown and compared and contrasted with earlier reported studies. These findings supported by outside data suggest that oxidative yeasts (and bacteria) can readily elicit enzymes capable of inactivating aminopterin whereas fermentative types are lacking in this capability. Finally that past yeast-aminopterin studies were conducted with oxidative yeast types. Advantages of effective aminopterin reactor yeasts to be published elsewhere include improved ultrastructure using KMnO4−OsO4 fixation, a yeast bioassay procedure for detecting aminopterin in plasma and urine, and cell synchronization.
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    Environmentally-induced changes in the neutral lipids and intracellular vesicles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis (1977)
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    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 137-142 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Environment ; Kluyveromyces fragilis ; Lipids ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sterol esters ; Triacylglycerols ; Vesicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae, grown aerobically or anaerobically under conditions which induce a requirement for a sterol and an unsaturated fatty acid, synthesized approximately the same amounts of neutral lipid and intracellular low-density vesicles, although the neutral lipids in aerobically-grown cells contained more esterified sterol and less triacylglycerol than those in anaerobically-grown cells. Kluyveromyces fragilis synthesized much less neutral lipid and a smaller quantity of low-density vesicles than S. cerevisiae whether grown at 30°C (generation time 1.1 h) or 20°C (generation time 2.1 h). Both yeasts synthesized highly saturated triacylglycerols, relatively unsaturated phospholipids, and esterified sterols with an intermediate degree of unsaturation irrespective of the conditions under which they were grown. Free sterols in the yeasts were rich in ergosterol and 22(24)-dehydroergosterol, while the esterified sterol fractions were richer in zymosterol.
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    Location of three key enzymes of gluconeogenesis in baker's yeast (1977)
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    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 159-161 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Baker's yeast ; Spheroplasts ; Gluconeogenesis ; Location ; Density gradient centrifugation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The subcellular location of hexose diphosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase in baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was investigated by density gradient centrifugation of spheroplast lysates obtained by osmotic shock treatment of spheroplasts and centrifugation for 10000 g x min. On the evidence obtained from zonal separations these three enzymes of gluconeogenesis are most probably located in the soluble cytosol.
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    Temperature-sensitive loss of sexual agglutinability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1977)
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    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 287-288 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Mating reaction ; Sexual agglutination ; Temperature dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Temperature dependency of sexual agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found. Of 31 strains tested, which showed normal agglutination when cultured at 25°C, 29 strains lost their sexual agglutinability when they were grown at 37°C.
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    Effect of chemical modification of cell surface components of a brewer's yeast on the floc-forming ability (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 19-23 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast flocculation ; Chemical modification of cell surface components ; Floc-forming ability ; Brewer's yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Deflocculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of treatments with proteolytic enzymes and protein-modifying reagents on flocculation of brewer's yeast IFO 2018 were investigated. The floc-forming ability of the yeast cells was irreversibly eliminated by treatment with papain, trypsin, chymotrypsin or pepsin, indicating that certain proteins on the cell surface participate in the yeast flocculation. Chemical modification with reagents, known to act on disulfide bridges, carboxyl and/or phosphate groups, phenolic groups, amino groups, and imidazole groups, also destroyed the ability to flocculate, although in some cases a high concentration (8 M) of urea was necessary in addition to protein-modifying reagents. Thus, it is suggested strongly that these functional groups of amino acid residues of the proteins are essential for the floc-forming ability of brewer's yeast cells.
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    Isothermic variation of the specific growth rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch culture (1977)
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    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 303-307 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Specific growth rate ; Growth control ; Glucose transfer ; Glucose-6-phosphate ; Maintenance requirements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The specific growth rate (μ) of a respiration-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing under defined experimental conditions in batch culture (mineral medium plus glucose and vitamins at 25°C) varied from experiment to experiment over a wide range (0.10–0.24 h-1) and showed a normal distribution. Neither the age of the culture, the history of the inoculum, nor experimental error accounted wholy for the variability of μ. The variation was positively correlated with the specific rate of glucose transfer and negatively with the specific rate of production of non-fermentative CO2. The yield decreased with μ implying higher maintenance requirements in batch culture (4.7 mmoles g-1 h-1) than in continuous culture (0.8 mmoles g-1 h-1). It was concluded that the strain is capable of establishing any one of several steady states of growth under the same experimental conditions, each steady state displaying some buildin inertia with respect to change. The variations of the specific rates of glucose transfer and non-fermentative CO2 production, and of the yield appeared to be consequences rather than causes of the variation of μ. The ultimate causes of the variation of μ remained unidentified.
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    Mode of increase in cell wall polysaccharides in synchronously growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1977)
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    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 91-92 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Cell wall ; Glucan ; Mannan ; Synchronous culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mode of increase in cell wall polysaccharides of yeast (glucan and mannan) during cell cycle was analyzed using cell wall samples obtained from a synchronous culture. The increase in mannan and total glucan proceeded almost linearly throughout the cell cycle except for a short period of their leveling off at the time of cell division. However, the constituents of glucan behaved characteristically: Alkalisoluble glucan and insoluble glucan increased mainly in the former and the latter half of the cell cycle, respectively.
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    Action of tryptophan analogues in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1977)
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    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 307-316 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anthranilate synthase, feedback inhibition of ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Tryptophan analogues, mode of action of ; Tryptophan biosynthetic enzymes ; Tryptophan pool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In an analysis of the effects of various tryptophan and indole analogues in Saccharomyces cerevisiae we determined the mechanisms by which they cause growth inhibition: 4-Methyltryptophan causes a reduction in protein synthesis and a derepression of the tryptophan enzymes despite of the presence of high internal levels of tryptophan. This inhibition can only be observed in a mutant with increased permeability to the analogue. These results are consistent with but do not prove an interference of this analogue with the charging of tryptophan onto tRNA. 5-Methyltryptophan causes false feedback inhibition of anthranilate synthase, the first enzyme of the tryptophan pathway. This inhibits the further synthesis of tryptophan and results in results in tryptophan limitation, growth inhibition and derepression of the enzymes. Derepression eventually allows wild type cells to partially overcome the inhibitory effect of the analogue. 5-Fluoroindole is converted endogenously to 5-fluorotryptophan by tryptophan synthase. Both endogenous and externally supplied 5-fluorotryptophan are incorporated into protein. This leads to intoxication of the cells due to the accumulation of faulty proteins. 5-Fluorotryptophan also causes feedback inhibition of anthranilate synthase and reduces the synthesis of tryptophan which would otherwise compete with the analogues in the charging reaction. Indole acrylic acid inhibits the conversion of indole to tryptophan by tryptophan synthase. This results in a depletion of the tryptophan pool which, in turn, causes growth inhibition and derepression of the tryptophan enzymes.
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    Location of mannan and chitin on thin sections of budding yeasts with gold markers (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 1-7 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cell walls ; Chitin ; Colloidal gold ; Concanavalin A ; Cytochemistry ; Mannan ; Wheat germ agglutinin ; Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Candida utilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mannan was located on thin sections of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis with the homologous anti-mannan antibodies or with Concanavalin A, both labelled with gold granules. Fully synthesized mannan was found in the cell walls, on the plasmalemma and within the cytoplasm sometimes associated with vesicles and vacuoles. Chitin or its oligomers were located with wheat germ agglutinin in the bud scars but also in the cell wall and the cytoplasm near the plasmalemma. Both mannan and chitin or its oligomers were found in the forming septum and are synthesized within the cytoplasm. The gold method was also suitable for marking mannan and chitin simultaneously.
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    Influence of defined gene blocks on the competitive ability of yeast genotypes (1977)
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    Biochemical genetics 15 (1977), S. 1015-1021 
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    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; enzymes ; polymorphisms ; competition ; variable environments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Competition experiments were carried out under varying exogenic and endogenic conditions. The genotypes were marked by combinations of two esterase loci, each with two alleles. When genotypes of the line W7 were used, there was no demonstrable influence of the gene blocks marked by the Est-1 locus on the competitive ability at temperatures of 21 and 29 C. However, genotypes carrying the fast allele of the Est-2 locus were favored. At 38 C, the outcome of the competition was reversed. The defined gene blocks showed different effects when interacting with different genetic backgrounds (line M7). Genotypes marked by the slow allele of the Est-2 locus were now favored (21 and 29 C), and even the gene blocks marked by the alleles of the Est-1 locus influenced the genotypes' competitive abilities. Again, the results were partly reversed at 38 C. The results are discussed with regard to the importance of enzyme variants for the genotypic selection value.
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    Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase isozymes of the Triticinae: dissociation and recombination of subunits (1977)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 50 (1977), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ; Isozymes ; Triticum aestivum ; Subunits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A simple procedure has been developed for the dissociation of active molecules of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT: E.C. 2.6.1.1) into protomers and for the reassociation of the subunits into active enzymes. Results of experiments in which the protomers of genetically controlled electrophoretic variants of GOT of Triticum aestivum and of several related species were dissociated and recombined in crude tissue extracts and in partially purified preparations support the hypothesis that the enzyme exists functionally as a dimer in the Triticinae.
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    Protein accumulation, RNA and soluble amino nitrogen content in developing endosperm of two varieties of Triticum aestivum with high and low protein seed (1977)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 50 (1977), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Endosperm ; Protein Synthesis ; RNA Level ; Amino Acid Translocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of protein accumulation, the variation in RNA, the soluble amino nitrogen content of developing endosperm of two varieties of Triticum aestivum, with high and low protein content in the mature seed, suggest a possible relation between maintenance of the RNA content and the ability to synthesize protein. A sudden halt in protein accumulation is observed as the RNA starts to decrease. The hypothesis is also advanced that maintenance of the RNA content might, in turn, be dependent on the presence, in the endosperm of developing wheat seed, of a certain level of soluble amino nitrogen which could then play the role of limiting factor for protein synthesis.
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    The association of genes for purple coleoptile with chromosomes of the wheat variety Mironovskaya 808 (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 475-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; anthocyanins ; centromere ; chromosome mapping ; crossover units ; dominant genes ; monosomics ; partially dominant ; purple coleoptile ; suppressors ; telocentric chromosome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The association of genes for purple pigment in the coleoptile with the chromosomes of the winter wheat variety Mironovskaya 808 was investigated using monosomic F2 analysis. The segregation ratio for F2 hybrids of Chinese Spring monosomics x Mironovskya 808 seems to indicate that the purple colour of the coleoptile is determined by two dominant genes, Rc3 and Rc4, which are located on the chromosomes 7D and 6B respectively, and which reinforce each other. Apart from these two genes, suppressors found on the chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 4B and 6A also play a role in the intensity of the purple colour. With the aid of a Chinese Spring telocentric chromosome marker it was observed that the Rc3 gene is located on the chromosome arm 7DS, at a distance of 16±4.23 crossover units from the centromere.
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    Flag leaf area in five spring wheat crosses and the relationship to grain yield (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 739-744 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; flag leaf area ; grain yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Five spring wheat crosses were evaluated over a 6-year period using comparisons between F2 and F3 data and between near-isogenic F4 populations selected for flag leaf area. Nonsignificant r values for F2 vs. F3 flag leaf measurements may be due to the effect of environment on flag leaf area, but are probably also an indication of low heritability for this plant character. Near-isogenic populations selected on the basis of flag leaf area showed little difference in grain yield, an indication that other plant parts must be more influential in determining grain yield. Flag leaf area, by itself, appears not to be a good index to plant performance.
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  • 46
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    Utilization of tom thumb source of pre-harvest sprouting tolerance in a wheat breeding programme (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 565-572 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; pre-harvest sprouting ; Tom Thumb derivatives ; GA3 response index ; apparent α-amylase synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Segŕegating populations of the cross Tordo (a spring white-grained Tom Thumb derivative) and Tr 454-16 (a spring white-grained Sonora-Gabo derivative) were studied for plant height, apparent α-amylase synthesis (AAS) and response to gibberellic acid. Means, variances and heritabilities for these characters were computed and their association was studied by computing correlation coefficients. Plant height showed high heritability while AAS and response to GA3 showed moderate heritability. Plant height was positively correlated with AAS and response to GA3. The results pointed out the importance of using Tom Thumb as a source of pre-harvest sprouting tolerance in a wheat breeding programme, particularly in areas where wheat breeding is restricted to evolving white-grained cultivars.
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    Genetic and environmental variability in wheat characteristics reported to be involved in morphological resistance to wheat stem rust (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 123-128 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; stem rust ; Puccinia graminis tritici ; generalized resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four morphological characteristics of wheat peduncles were evaluated for genetic and environmental variability. The thickness of the epidermis and the amount and distribution of chlorenchyma tissue in the peduncle were measured. The genetic variability was estimated to be large, whereas the environmental variability was small. It was also concluded that cultivars could be screened for morphological characteristics of the peduncle that contributed to non-specific resistance to stem rust with a minimum sample size of about 10 plants per replication from a single location.
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    Adaptation of semidwarf wheat cultivars to rainfed conditions (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 129-139 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; grain yield ; tall plant ; semidwarf plant ; adaptation ; dryland ; regression analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary With a view to determining the comparative adaptation of semidwarf wheats to rainfed conditions, adaptation analyses were carried out on grain yield data of the 6th and 7th International Spring Wheat Yield Nurseries of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre. Sites were chosen which had not received irrigation: across a combined total of 44 such sites, yield variation was closely related to growing seasonal rainfall. Using these sites, yields of thirty-three common cultivars. Norin 10-derived semidwarf cultivars plus tall ones, were regressed against site mean yield to give a regression slope (b) and deviations from the regression (sd 2) for each cultivar. Semidwarf cultivars generally showed higher mean yields and larger regression slopes (b 〉 0.9) than tall cultivars from lower latitudes. Tall cultivars from higher latitudes showed the lowest mean yields and the lowest b values (〈 0.7). No consistent trends in sd 2 were evident. Despite the greater regression slopes of semidwarf wheats, the best yields under all but the lowest yielding (driest) conditions were given by certain semidwarf cultivars; these had high mean yields and b values close to 1.0 (for example Tobari 66, Inia 66, Pato ArGentino and Sonalika). In contrast other semiwdarfs (notably Chenab 70) of similar mean yield, plant height and phenology, were not well adapted to the drier conditions as indicated by b values close to 1.3. The usefulness of the regression technique and the implications of these results for selection of semidwarf wheats adapted to drier conditions are discussed.
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    On the problem of pre-harvest sprouting of wheat (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 299-308 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; pre-harvest sprouting ; components of resistance to sprouting ; complex resistance (RCP) ; α-amylase synthesis ; GA3 response ; wheat endosperm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The problem of pre-harvest sprouting in wheat is very intricate. New concepts in breeding for resistance to pre-harvest sprouting regard many components such as α-amylase production potential, response to gibberellic acid and inhibition in the bracts as important as dormancy. In the research work carried out at The University of Sydney's Plant Breeding Institute, we found varietal differences for each of these components. We also developed criteria for screening breeding material for these components. The implications of our findings in planning efficient breeding programmes to evolve varieties with multiple resistance to pre-harvest sprouting have been discussed briefly.
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  • 50
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    Evaluation of three sources of pollen fertility restoration genes and natural outcrossing of cytoplasmic male-sterile wheat (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 681-695 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum timopheevi ; fertility restoration ; cytoplasmic male sterile ; percent fertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Fertility restoration genes in Triticum aestivum L. in Texas Restorer Composite (TRC), D6301, and four CIMMYT restorer lines were studied, and selection was made for higher fertility in TRC. Mean-while, outcrossing percentages of seed set for 27 spring habit cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) varieties were evaluated for 3 to 5 years at Davis. The winter-habit TRC material did not restore reasonably good fertility, and the response to selection for higher fertility seemed to be slow. This poor fertility could be partly due to its late winter growth habit causing flowering at a period of high temperature and low humidity at Davis. The highest F1 fertility was 46.6% in the cross cms Ramona x TRC-6, and its F2 segregated into the ratio of 15 fertile to 1 sterile, with fertility ranging from 3.2 to 100%. Suggested for its improvement was intensive selection in the original TRC material and in the segre-gating F2 population, followed by intercrossing. D6301 has 2 fertility restoration genes with different strengths which restore fertility up to 45.2% when both genes are heterozygous. D6301 is quite likely heterogeneous for these genes. Four CIMMYT restorer lines, D7464, D7465, D7466, and D7467, had satisfactory F1 fertility restoration after crossing with cms Ramona 50. In 1975, the fertilities of the F1's ranged from 71 to 85% and were over 90% in 1976. The F2 population of the cross cms Ramona 50 × D7464 segregated into a ratio of 3 fertile to 1 sterile, indicating that D7464 has a single dominant gene for fertility restoration. The F2's of crosses cms Ramona 50 × D7465, cms Ramona 50 × D7466, and cms Ramona 50 × D7467 gave a ratio of 15 fertile to 1 sterile, indicating that two gene pairs in these three lines were responsible for the fertility restoration. The best of this group was D7467 which restored fertility fully after being crossed with cms Ramona 50 (T. timopheevi cytoplasm). The early-flowering cms male-sterile varieties had higher outcrossing rates (16 to 38%) than late varieties (6 to 30%) over a 5-year period. This was due to hot and dry weather during the late growing season as well as to the rarity of windborne pollen. In 1970, 1971, 1972, and 1976, the variation among varieties was rather great. Some of them such as Roque 66 and Bajio 67, had consistently high outcrossing rates. This outcrossing ability seemed to be inherited and probably associated with the open-flowering characteristics of each variety.
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    Breeding for resistance to cereal cyst nematode in wheat II. Use of test tube cultures in selection (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 89-95 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Heterodera avenae ; cyst nematode ; resistance breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The use of soil. naturally infested with Heterodera avenae, to select resistant heterozygotes in backcross progenies of wheat, was tested for reliability. Selfed progenies from plants selected as resistant were cultured monoxenically in test tubes with nematodes hatched from single cysts, while backcross progenies from the same parent plants were grown in pots of naturally infested soil. Cyst counts were made after two months' growth. The results showed that over 50% of the backcross lines, screened in previous generations with naturally infested soil, had been erroneously selected as resistant. The test tube cultures clearly differentiated lines carrying resistance from those which were susceptible and corroborated results from pot tests.
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    Gametocidal properties of RH-531, RH-532, RH-2956, and RH-4667 on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 103-112 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; hybrid wheat ; male sterility ; cross pollination ; seed production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Several chemicals were evaluated for their gametocidal properties to control pollination in hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) seed production. In a preliminary study, four chemicals were applied to three cultivars of spring wheat at two application times. RH-532 was the most effective of the four gametocides, reducing fertility to a 0 10% level for all three cultivars. In a second experiment, RH-532 was applied to one cytoplasmic male-sterile and three normal spring wheats at four rates (0.56, 1.12, 2.24, and 4.48 kg/ha) and at two times of application. Alternate strips of pollinator were planted throughout the experiment. All treatments decreased fertility. plant height, and spike length of the three normal wheats. RH-532 did not inhibit spike emergence of two semidwarf cultivars or one of conventional height. Cultivars did not respond similarly to treatments. Yields of cross-pollinated seed were only 1 21% of the normal yield when fertility levels on treated plants reached 0 10%. Hybrid seed content of the harvested seed ranged from 2 55%. On the treated male-sterile line, yield was significantly reduced in comparison with the open-pollinated check. Inhibitory properties of this chemical suppressed the fertilization potential of the female as well as inducing male sterility. The differential response of genotypes to treatments indicates that cultivars should be screened for male and female sensitivity to this chemical. If differential sensitivity is found, breeding and selection to improve this trait may be possible. Different environmental conditions may alter the response of cultivars to this chemical, with less effect on the female structures.
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    The crossing of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.). II. Fertilization and early post-fertilization developments (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 287-297 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; intergeneric cross ; fertilization ; early post-fertilization developments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Fertilization and early seed development was studied in the variety Chinese Spring of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) after pollination with rye (Secale cereale L.) and selfing, and in the common wheat variety Hope after selfing. In all three combinations the first pollen tube reached the micropyle in about 40 min after pollination. When pollinated with rye the migration of the sperm nuclei to the egg cell and the polar nuclei was delayed by about an hour. In the subsequent development until 72 hours after pollination the average cellular and nuclear doubling times of embryo and endosperm were about 16 and 8 hours for the interspecific combination. 18 and 9 hours for Chinese Spring selfed and 20 and 12 hours for Hope selfed.
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    Free tryptophan pool and tryptophan biosynthetic enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 207-214 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anthranilate synthase ; Cell permeabilisation ; Indoleglycerolphosphate synthase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Tryptophan biosynthetic enzymes ; Tryptophan pool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The free tryptophan pool and the levels of two enzymes of tryptophan biosynthesis (anthranilate synthase and indoleglycerolphosphate synthase) have been determined in a wild type strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in mutants with altered regulatory properties. The tryptophan pool of wild type cells growing in minimal medium is 0.07 μmole per g dry weight. Addition of anthranilate, indole or tryptophan to the medium produces a fifteen- to forty-fold increase in tryptophan pool, but causes no repression of the biosynthetic enzymes. Inclusion of 5-methyltryptophan in the growth medium causes a reduction in growth rate and a derepression of the biosynthetic enzymes, and this is shown here not to be correlated with a decrease in the free tryptophan pool. Mutants with an altered anthranilate synthase showing decreased sensitivity to inhibition by l-tryptophan or by the analogue dl-5-methyltryptophan have a tryptophan pool far higher than the wild type strain, but no repression of indoleglycerolphosphate synthase was observed. Mutants with an anthranilate synthase more sensitive to tryptophan inhibition show a slightly reduced tryptophan pool, but no derepression of indoleglycerolphosphate synthase was found. A mutant with constitutively derepressed levels of the biosynthetic enzymes shows a considerably increased tryptophan pool. Addition of 5-methyltryptophan to the growth medium of non-derepressible mutants causes a decrease in growth rate accompanied by a decrease in the tryptophan pool.
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    Some physiological observations on the uptake of d-glucose and 2-deoxy-d-glucose by starving and exponentially-growing yeasts (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 111 (1976), S. 185-192 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeasts ; Sugars ; d-Glucose ; 2-Deoxy-d-glucose ; Pichia pinus ; Transport ; Starvation ; Exponential growth ; Methodology ; Candida utilis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Rhodosporidium toruloides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Some methods for measuring the uptake of sugars by yeasts were investigated critically. A study was made of the effects of starvation of Pichia pinus, Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodosporidium toruloides on their uptake of d-glucose and 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Marked changes in the rates of uptake of these sugars occurred during 10 h of starvation, including (a) an immediate increase of up to 75% above that for growing cells and (b) a continuous decline to as little as 4%. Each yeast behaved differently. The rates did not remain constant during the periods of starvation often used for studies on the transport of sugars into yeasts. For Pichia pinus, there were striking differences, associated with starvation, between the transport of 2-deoxy-d-glucose and d-glucose, despite evidence that the two sugars enter this yeast by means of the same carrier. Some physiological explanations for these findings are discussed.
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    Toxicity and accumulation of thallium in bacteria and yeast (1976)
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    Archives of microbiology 110 (1976), S. 279-286 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thallium accumulation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Escherichia coli ; Bacillus megaterium KM ; Thallium toxicity ; Potassium ; Microbial growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thallium sulphate inhibited microbial growth, withBacillus megaterium KM, more sensitive to the metal thanSaccharomyces cerevisiae andEscherichia coli. Inhibition ofB. megaterium KM andS. cerevisiae, but not ofE. coli, was alleviated by increasing the potassium concentration of the medium; inhibition of respiration ofS. cerevisiae, but not ofE. coli, was similarly alleviated. Thallium was rapidly bound, presumably to cell surfaces, byS. cerevisiae andE. coli, and was progressively accumulated by energy-dependent transport systems (probably concerned primarily with potassium uptake) with both organisms. Thallium uptake kinetics suggested more than one transport system operated in yeast, possibly reflecting a multiplicity of potassium transport systems. ApparentK m andK i values for competitive inhibition of thallium uptake by potassium indicatedS. cerevisiae to have a higher affinity for thallium uptake than for potassium, whileE. coli had a transport system with a higher affinity for potassium than for thallium. The likely systems for thallium transport are discussed. A mutant ofE. coli with tenfold decreased sensitivity to thallium was isolated and apparently effected surface binding of thallium in amounts equivalent to the wild type organism, but showed no subsequent uptake and accumulation of the metal from buffer, even though it was able to accumulate potassium to normal intracellular concentrations during growth.
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    Correlation among turnover of nucleic acids, ribonuclease activity and sporulation ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 111 (1976), S. 13-19 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sporulation ; Ribonuclease ; Turnover of nucleic acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The turnover of nucleic acids and changes in ribonuclease activity during sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. In the sporulating strains, 37–58% of vegetatively synthesized RNA were degraded during the sporulation process. The degree of degradation of vegetative RNA was proportional to the sporulation ability. In the non-sporulating strains, the degradation of vegetative RNA was less than 28% in the sporulation medium. Accompanied by the degradation of vegetative RNA, a ribonuclease activity increased several times during sporulation. We have found a close relation among the sporulation rate, the degree of the degradation of vegetative RNA and the increase in ribonuclease activity in the sporulation medium, using cells of which sporulation ability was repressed by changing the age or carbon source in various degrees.
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    Mating reaction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1976)
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    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 27-33 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Mating reaction ; Sexual cell agglutination ; α substance-I ; Agglutination factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A diffusible sex-specific substance called α substance-I (αS-I) was isolated from culture filtrate of α type strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The isolated αS-I, an oligopeptide, induced sexual cell agglutinability in inducible a type strains and enhanced the agglutinability in constitutive a type strains. The induction of sexual agglutinability was detected in 30 min and reached maximum in 90 min, when 0.2 μg/ml of αS-I was added to inducible a type cells. The a type-specific factor responsible for sexual cell agglutination, called a type agglutination factor (aAF), was shown to be produced during the induction or the enhancement of agglutinability of a type cells by αS-I. The aAF produced in response to αS-I was not different in the susceptibility to proteolytic enzymes and disulfide-cleaving agents from those produced constitutively in the absence of αS-I.
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    Localization of mannan at the surface of yeast protoplasts by scanning electron microscopy (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 9-14 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Candida utilis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Colloidal gold ; Cytochemistry ; Mannan ; Plasma membranes ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The β(1→3)glucanase of Basidiomycete QM 806 was used to prepare Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis protoplasts. Plasma membranes isolated from S. cerevisiae contained a small amount of mannose and traces of glucose and ribose. Randomly distributed α-mannan was detected by scanning electron microscopy at the surface of prefixed protoplasts using colloidal gold labelled with Concanavalin A as a marker. C. utilis protoplasts were also marked with anti-mannan antibodies. Again the distribution of mannan was random. This experiment indicated also that plasma membrane mannan has the same immunochemical determinants as cell wall mannan. It is hypothesized that mannan is mainly located in the outer layer of plasma membranes.
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    Inactivation by glucose of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 221-225 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ; Inactivation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Carbohydrate metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase showed high activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on gluconeogenic carbon sources. Addition of glucose to such cultures caused a rapid loss of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity. Fructose or mannose had the same effect as glucose, while 2-deoxyglucose or galactose were without effect. The inactivation was an irreversible process, since the regain of the activity was dependent of de novo protein synthesis. Cycloheximide did not prevent inactivation. All strains of the genus Saccharomyces tested showed inactivation of their phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase upon addition of glucose; this behaviour was not restricted to this genus.
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    The influence of pH on sulphite formation by yeasts (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 229-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; pH ; Sulphite formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of the initial pH of the substrate on the sulphite formation of three low-sulphite-and five high-sulphite-forming yeasts is described. Four distinctly different groups become apparent. The need for better evaluation of pure culture wine yeasts is stressed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446846
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    Promotion of sporulation by caffeine pretreatment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 149-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sporulation ; Ribonuclease ; Caffeine ; Cycloheximide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Changes in RNase activity during sporulation of a homothallic diploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were measured in caffeine-treated and non-treated cells. 1. In caffeine-treated cells soon after the transfer to the sporulation medium a significant increase in RNase activity was observed; in control cells the rise of RNase activity was less and started after a lag period of 5 h. The final activity of RNase was about twice as high in caffeine-treated cells as in control cells. 2. Increase in RNase activity during sporulation was sensitive to cycloheximide in control cells, but insensitive in caffeine-treated cells. 3. RNases from vegetative cells and from sporulating ones are different in their K m values. Relation of the changes in RNase activity to premeiotic DNA synthesis is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428944
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    Thermodynamic compensation in microbial thermal death (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 293-298 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Maximum temperature for growth ; Thermal death ; Linear thermodynamic compensation ; Non-linear thermodynamic compensation ; Isokinetic temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sixty eight Arrhenius plots of thermal death in six mesophilic yeast species, tested at various concentrations of NaCl, lacked an isokinetic temperature. Nevertheless the ΔH #/ΔS # plot was apparently linear with a slope corresponding to 314° K. It was concluded that linear thermodynamic compensation of thermal death is non-existent in heterogeneous groups of yeasts and is unlikely to occur in heterogeneous groups of other organisms and that ΔH #/ΔS # plots lack sensitivity for the detection of non-linearity over narrow temperature ranges. However, the ΔH # and ΔS # parameters of thermal death displayed non-linear compensation in such a way that the extrapolated Arrhenius plots of death attained nearly identical values near the respective maximum temperatures for growth. Linear thermodynamic compensation occurred in each of the six strains, when stationary populations of the same strain were tested at various NaCl concentrations. On the other hand, exponential populations of each of the strains, tested in the same way, lacked an isokinetic temperature of thermal death. The significance of linear and non-linear thermodynamic compensation in biological rate processes is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454855
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    Mating reaction in yeast protoplasts (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 110 (1976), S. 313-318 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast protoplasts ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Conjugation ; Cell wall ; Morphogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protoplasts prepared from complementary haploid strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae were studied with regard to their ability of conjugating. Neither fresh protoplasts nor the growing protoplasts possessing fibrillar walls exhibited sex specific agglutination or fusion. However, they were capable of inducing sexual activation in normal cells of opposite mating type. After completing the regeneration of cell walls the protoplasts could conjugate either with each other or with cells of opposite sex. The frequency of conjugations was low, about 1%, and was largely dependent on the degree of completition of the wall during regeneration. From the results the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. The initiation of mating is dependent on the integrity of the cell wall. 2. The sex specific morphogenetic changes do not occur in wall-less protoplasts but may happen after the protoplasts have regenerated their cell walls. 3. The lysis of cell walls does not occur until the walls come into close contact. 4. The fusion of plasma membranes in sex-activated protoplasts cannot be induced by artefucial agglutination.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690244
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    Identification of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosomes with genes controlling the level of nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, and acid proteinase using the Chinese Spring-Hope substitution lines (1976)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 14 (1976), S. 905-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: chromosome substitution ; nitrate reductase ; nitrite reductase ; acid proteinase ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The levels of nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, and acid proteinase were compared in the primary leaves of 8-day-old wheat seedlings of Chinese Spring, Hope, and the 21 disomic substitution lines of Hope in Chinese Spring. Two chromosomes, 7B and 7D, were considered to contain genes controlling the level of nitrate reductase. Substitution of Hope chromosome 7B caused a highly significant increase in the in vitro stability of nitrate reductase. Nitrite reductase appeared to be controlled by two major genes, located on chromosomes 4D and 7D, and two minor genes, located on chromosomes 3D and 5A. In the case of acid proteinase, substitution of chromosome 1D caused a significant reduction in enzyme activity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00485123
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    Frequency of control plots in screening nurseries for protein content (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 387-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; screening nursery ; distance between control plots ; protein content ; correlation coefficient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Correlation coefficients were calculated in two seasons, between protein content of control plots of ‘Kyperounda’ durum wheat and ‘Athenais’ barley sown at distances of from 0.6 m to 68.4 m. Simple correlation coefficients were high (0.737, 0.710 and 0.311) and significant at the 1% level of probability for plots 0.6 m apart, but decreased rapidly with increasing distances between plots. The correlation in four nurseries was significant for plots 7.2 m, 4.2m, 4.2 m and 1.8 m apart. It was concluded that a control plot provides a fairly good measure of the protein content of adjacent plots.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041571
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    Chemically induced sterility in wheat for hybrid seed production (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 375-386 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; gametocide ; pollen stainability ; male sterility ; female sterility ; hybrid seed ; hybrid wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The gametocidal effects of RH-531, RH-532, and RH-2956 were studied with three rates and times of foliar application on two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, Anza and Yecora 70. RH-531 and RH-532 applied at or before booting stage caused rather large reduction in plant height while RH-2956 had a small effect on height. Application of any of the three chemicals on ‘Anza’ at meiotic stages reduced self-pollination (SP) fertility by 97–99%. If 90% SP fertility reduction is acceptable, the application time could vary from premeiosis to postmeiosis for ‘Anza’. ‘Yecora 70’ was less sensitive than ‘Anza’ to gametocide treatments. The lowest SP fertility obtained in ‘Yecora 70’ with RH-531, RH-532, and RH-2956 was by treatment at booting (4 kg/ha), at premeiosis (2 kg/ha), and heading (8 kg/ha), and the corresponding SP fertility reductions were 74, 89, and 71%. Pollen stainability-determined by aceto-carmine, IKI, and Alexander's stains-was not affected by gametocide treatment and was not useful in evaluating sterility induced by these chemicals. For the RH-531-treated ‘Anza’ and ‘Yecora 70’ and the RH-532-treated ‘Anza’, more than 94% of the seeds produced by open-pollination on treated plants were from self-or sib-pollination as determined by progeny testing. However, RH-532-treated ‘Yecora 70’ and RH-2956-treated ‘Anza’ and ‘Yecora 70’ did result in more crossed seeds, with a maximum of 20% outcrossing. It was believed that spike compactness induced by the chemicals and the related poor flower opening were the major limitations for outcrossing. Artificial pollinations made to the test varieties showed that RH-531 induced both male and female sterility and was undesirable for practical use. RH-532, however, could be applied at the booting stage to avoid severe female sterility, and RH-2956 clearly was the best of the three chemicals, with the female fertility very close to those of the untreated checks of both ‘Anza’ and ‘Yecora 70’. Of the three chemicals, RH-2956 gave the highest percentage of hybrid plants in the progeny of hand-or open-pollinated spikes. Its practical use for hybrid seed production, however, will depend largely on improvement of methods to increase cross pollination in wheat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041570
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    Inheritance of leaf angle in Triticum aestivum L. (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 457-461 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; leaf angle ; erect leaves ; diallel ; additive gene effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A 6×6 diallel was prepared to study the inheritance of leaf angle in T. aestivum L. Genetic analysis in terms of diallel cross parameters and graphic analysis indicated the control of additive gene effects in the expression of this character. The results of F1 analysis were supported by the analysis of F2 data.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041579
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    Hybrid grass-clump dwarfness in wheat: Physiology and genetics (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 471-483 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat hybrid weekness ; hybrid grass-clump dwarfness ; hybrid dwarfness ; physiology ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The growth of all grass-clump dwarfs is sensitive to temperature with low temperature giving rise to the grass-clump phenotype and high temperature producing normal phenotype. A continuous temperature of 26°C is required for normal growth of Type 1 dwarfs, a continuous temperature of 21°C is required for normal growth of Ty[e 2 dwarfs and a continuous temperature of 16°C is required for normal growth of Type 3 dwarfs. Genetic studies show that the inheritance of the grass-clump characteristic is due to three complementary dominant genes. The grass-clump growth habit is produced as a result of the temperature sensitivity of the apical meristem. In grass-clump plants low temperature treatment results in the cessation of cell division, DNA synthesis and phospholipid synthesis in the apical meristem. The primary temperature lesion has not been identified. Prolonged low temperature treatment of grass-clump plants results in extensive cell necrosis in a region just below the apical meristem; this cell death results in the permanent inactivation of the apical meristem.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041581
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    Genetic control of photoperiodic sensivity and maturity in spring wheat within narrow limits of adaptation (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 489-498 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; photoperiodic sensitivity ; maturity ; genetics ; adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Photoperiodic respose, as assessed by a regression technique, exhibited complete dominance averaged over the crosses of an eight parent diallel in the vernalized condition. Photoperiodic response as final leaf number for the vernalized 8-hour photoperiod diallel was closely related to photoeriodic response of the regression method. However, the diallel analyses of both sets of data showed little agreement in terms of respectieve array positions. The inheritance of photoperiodic response in diallels using regression values showed little agreement between the vernalized and unvernalized conditions. This difference was postulated to be due to interaction of vernalization and photoperiodic response in the unvernalized situation. In the unvernalized condition photoperiodic response exhibited non-allelic interaction, attributable mainly to the cultivar Pinnacle in general behaviour in its crosses. Its removal gave a situation of high average dominance for photoperiodic response with a clear indication that high photoperiodic sensitivity was dominant to comparative insensitivity. Days to ear emergence (vernalized and 18-hour photoperiod) exhibited non-allelic interaction in its expression, due mainly to the general behaviour of the cultivar Pinnacle in its crosses. Removal of its array gave a situation of a moderately strong degree of overdominance in the expression of days to ear emergence. Maturity differences amongst parents and F1's, vernalized and under 18-hour photoperiod, are postulated to be due to a factor other than vernalization or photoperiodic response beheved to be growth temperature in differentially in fluencing growth and/or developmental rates between genotypes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041583
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    Kernel hardness and baking quality of wheat — A genetic analysis using chromosome substitution lines (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 565-576 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; chromosome substitution lines ; kernel hardness ; baking absorption ; dough stability ; baking quality ; genetic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An attempt was made to identify the chromosomal location of genetic control of a few components of wheat quality, using chromosome substitution lines of Cappelle Desprez, Cheyenne, Hope, and Timstein into the recipient variety Chinese Spring. Major factors for kernel hardness and increased baking absorption were found on chromosomes 5D of Cheyenne and Hope, and on 3B, 5D and 7D of Timstein. In Timstein, the presence of one of these chromosomes sufficed to make the wheat kernels hard. Factors for favourable dough properties were identified on a few other chromosomes, different in various varieties. These were 1A of Cappelle Desprez and Cheyenne, 3B of Hope, and 2D of Timstein. All but one of these chromosomes showed an increase in loaf volume to a level in-between those of the recipient variety Chinese Spring and the donor varieties. No relationship was found between kernel hardness and dough-making and baking properties. It was assumed that wheat quality is due to a combination of kernel hardness and favourable dough-making properties. As the genes for these factors are located on different chromosomes, it should not be too difficult to introduce both factors in existing varieties with poor baking properties. In a wheat breeding programme, the quality of new lines can be assessed in a rather simple way by determining kernel hardness and dough stability.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041594
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    Acceleration of generation advancement in spring wheat (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 415-418 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; germination ; immature grains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The results indicated that acceleration of generation time in wheat was practical. The method developed by Mukade et al. (1973) was improved by extending the hydrogen peroxide treatment at low temperature.
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    Genetic analysis of hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum using intervarietal chromosome substitution lines—protein content and grain weight (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 65-71 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; chromosome substitution ; protein content ; grain weight ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The 21 intervarietal chromosome substitution lines of the cultivar Hope in Chinese Spring were used to analyse the genetic differences between the two cultivars Hope and Chinese Spring in grain protein content and grain weight. Only one chromosome of ‘Hope, 5D’, significantly influenced grain protein content of ‘Chinese Spring’. Its influence was of only minor effect and was to decrease protein content expression of ‘Chinese Spring’. It has been postulated that the genetic control of protein content, in this instance, is most likely due to many genes each of small effect. Five chromosomes of ‘Hope’ influenced the 1000 grain weight value of normal ‘Chinese Spring’, all increasing its expression. Chromosomes 1A, 4A and 5B were of major effect and 3A and 6A of comparatively minor effect. A minimal estimate of five genes determines the difference in grain size between these cultivars. The possible evolutionary significance of the contribution of the A genome of bread wheat to grain size determination is discussed. On the basis of certain findings of this study, proposals are made for breeding for increased grain size in hexaploid wheat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041529
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    Genetics of resistance to an isolate of Alternaria triticina causing leaf blight of wheat (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 769-775 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Alternaria triticina ; leaf blight ; resistance ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genetics of field resistance to Alternaria triticina was studied in a diallel set of crosses using ten cultivars of wheat which included eight resistant and two susceptibles. Susceptibility if NP 830 was found to be controlled by a dominant gene and that of NP 891 by two dominant complementary genes. The resistant cultivars NP 824, NP 835, NP 852, C 281, E 5477, E 5550, E 5878 and UP 303 carry the recessive alleles of the genes present in NP 830 and NP 891. All the resistant cultivars used in the study carried identical gene(s) for resistance to A. triticina. The gene(s) responsible for resistance appear to have come from NP 4 and Turkey, both of which seem to have evolved simultaneously in nature. The gene(s) for susceptibility in NP 830 and NP 891 were found to be different. It is assumed that these genes come from either Motia (Triticum durum) or Khapli (T. dicoccum) in NP 830 and from Gaza (T. durum) in NP 891.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041617
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    Variation of harvest index in several wheat crosses (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 41-50 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat harvest index ; pattern of variation ; degree of dominance ; heritability ; genetic coefficient of variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Harvest index was studied in F1 and F2 generations of eight wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crosses and their reciprocals. The parental varieties involved in the crosses represented a fairly wide range of character expression for plant height, tillering potential, grain yield per plant and harvest index. Differences between reciprocal crosses were not evident for the expression of harvest index of the crosses under study. Means and degrees of dominance of F1 and F2 populations suggested partial dominance of high harvest index over low harvest index. The pattern of variation among F2 segregates was quantitative and the distribution was normal. The gene action governing the expression of harvest index was largely additive. Evidence was obtained for non-additive gene action in some crosses. There was complete absence of high parent heterosis for harvest index in the F1's but midparent heterosis was found to be present in all crosses. Estimates of heritability and genetic advance were moderate to high. Usefulness of selecting for harvest index as a measure of yield efficiency particularly in early generations is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041527
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    Breeding for resistance to cereal cyst nematode in wheat (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Heterodera avenae ; cyst nematode ; resistance breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The progress of a backcross breeding programme to introduce resistance against the cereal cyst nematode into wheat is described. Methods of resistance screening and criteria for selection are detailed and the results discussed with reference to alternative procedures for the introduction of new resistance genes into major breeding programmes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041530
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    The crossing of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.). I. crossability, pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 609-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; intergeneric cross ; crossability ; pollen grain germination ; pollen tube growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The crossing of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with rye (Secale cereale L.), and especially the action of the crossability genes of wheat, was studied using the readily crossable wheat cv Chinese Spring (genotype kr 1 kr 1 kr 2 kr 2 〉), the poorly crossable wheat cv Hope (genotype Kr 1 Kr 1 Kr 2 Kr 2 ), as well as the disomic substitution line of chromosome 5B of Hope into Chinese Spring (CS/Hope 5B, genotype Kr 1 Kr 1 kr 2 kr 2 ). By comparing crossability and actual fertilization, the poor crossability with rye of both cv Hope and the CS/Hope 5B substitution line was shown to result from absence of fertilization. Studies of pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth showed that the dominant alleles of the crossability genes manifested themselves through retardation and eventually inhibition of pollen tube growth at the style base and in the ovary wall. In Hope the growth of all pollen tubes was inhibited, whereas in CS/Hope 5B rarely fertilization was achieved. The recessive alleles of the crossability genes do not seem to have an influence on the growth of rye pollen tubes in wheat pistils.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041598
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    Seedling emergence, coleoptile length, and plant height relationships in crosses of dwarf and standard-height wheats (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 679-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; seedling emergence ; coleoptile length ; plant height ; genetic control ; phenotypic correlations ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seedling emergence was closely correlated with coleoptile length and plant height among parents, F2 and F3, populations of crosses involving dwarf wheats Olesen Dwarf (CI 14497), Norin 10 derivative D6301, Tom Thumb derivative D6899, and the standard-height varieties Ramona 50 and Nainari 60. Genetic mechanisms that governed plant height also influenced coleoptile length, but the relative effects of genes showing dominant or epistatic effects appeared to be different. With respect to the two parents involved in each of 15 crosses, mean F2 coleoptile lengths were consistently closer to the low parent value than were corresponding mean F2 plant heights. A slight curvilinear relationship was also found between coleoptile length and plant height of F3 lines. The results suggest that selection of semidwarf wheats with long coleoptiles and improved emergence properties from crosses involving the dwarf wheats of this study would be unlikely.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041606
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    Variation in pigment content of flour color in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 685-691 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat flour color ; flour pigment content ; variation ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Variation in pigment content of the flour of bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in the progenies of F1 and F2 of three crosses and their reciprocals. Reciprocal differences in pigment content were observed in the F1 and F2 means. Low pigment content was found to be partially dominant or over dominant in the crosses studied. There was evidence of substantial mid-parent F1 heterosis in all crosses and betterparent F1 heterosis in three crosses. In the F2, heritability estimates were moderate to high. The F2 frequency distributions were not normal. Estimation of effective factor pairs indicated the presence of one or two major gene pairs involved in the expression of pigment content in the flour. Action of modifiers was also assumed in one cross and its reciprocal. A factorial approach to metrical character suggested that the F2 segregation ratios of low pigment content to high pigment content were 3:1, 15:1, 13:3 and 9:7 for the different crosses. Utilization of the findings in a wheat breeding program is briefly discussed.
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    The isolation and characterization of peroxisomes (microbodies) from baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 105 (1975), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Peroxisomes (microbodies) ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Catalase ; Urate oxidase ; Glyoxylate cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Peroxisomes were isolated from derepressed (lactose grown) Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells following homogenization with a “Merkenschlager” cell mill (at 0°C using glass beads). Catalase and urate oxidase, along with low activities of d-amino acid oxidase and l-α-hydroxyacid oxidase (glycollate oxidase), were associated with the peroxisomes. No catalase activity was present in glucose repressed cells. When protoplasts prepared from derepressed cells were used for peroxisome isolation, catalase activity was not sedimentable through gradients. Apparently peroxisomes were destroyed as the cells became fermentative during protoplast preparation. The distribution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes was examined. Isocitrate lyase was not sedimentable, suggesting that, if the enzyme is peroxisome-associated, it is either readily released or present in a labile second class of peroxisomes. Low activities of malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthetase were found in peroxisome fractions from gradients, but may represent mitochondrial contamination. Citrate synthetase was not found associated with a low-density particle as had been previously reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447136
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Dependence of the maximum temperature for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on nutrient concentration (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 104 (1975), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Yeast ; Chemostat ; Nutrient Concentration ; Thermal Death ; Thermal Association ; Optimum Temperature for Growth ; Maximum Temperature for Growth ; Microbial Ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown in a chemostat under glucose limitation at three superoptimal temperatures. In each steady state the specific growth rate was the sum of the dilution rate and the specific death rate, exponential death concurring with exponential growth. The specific death rate was a function of the temperature while the specific growth rate was a function of both the temperature and the concentration of the limiting nutrient. Each superoptimal temperature was characterized by a critical glucose concentration below which net growth was not possible. The critical glucose concentration increased with the temperature. Consequently the maximum temperature for growth was a function of the concentration of the limiting nutrient and approached the optimum temperature for growth with decreasing glucose concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447295
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  • 82
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aeration on the activity of gluconeogenetic enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing under glucose limitation (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 106 (1975), S. 271-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Baker's yeast ; Gluconeogenetic enzymes ; Chemostat ; Oxygen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. The effect of aeration on the key enzymes of gluconeogenesis was studied in baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in a nonrespiratory variant of S. cerevisiae grown under glucose limitation. 2. In baker's yeast phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, hexosediphosphatase and isocitrate lyase were completely repressed under anaerobic conditions. Their repression could be partially reversed by using intense aeration. 3. In the nonrespiratory variant these enzymes were absent independently of aeration. 4. Pyruvate carboxylase of baker's yeast showed maximal activity under anaerobic conditions. In the nonrespiratory variant pyruvate carboxylase had low activity under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446534
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