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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 586-602 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; Earthquake prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Premonitory phenomena such as dilatancy, creep, acoustic emission, and changes in seismic velocity and attenuation, electrical resistivity, magnetic moment, and gas emission, which occur before fracture of initially intact rock and before stick-slip on faults or between finely ground surfaces of rock, have been reviewed and discussed in relation to earthquake prediction. This review is restricted to the results of laboratory experiments that have been carried out in the United States of America.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 117 (1978), S. 795-805 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: velocity changes ; Rock mechanics ; Fluids in porous media
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Elastic wave velocities and the ratiov P/v S were studied for dry and initially saturated samples of carbonate and crystalline rocks at pressures to 2 kbar. In initially saturated samplesv P increases in crystalline rock, whereas in sedimentary rock it may either increase or decrease with increasing pressure. Under the same conditionsv S remains approximately constant in crystalline rocks and decreases in sedimentary samples. The ratiov P/v S as a function of pressure increases in dry rocks and decreases in saturated ones. Saturated samples always have higherv P/v S ratios than dry ones. It appears that the geometry of the pore space influences the acoustic properties of saturated crystalline rocks.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 615-626 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; Friction ; Faulting surfaces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Experimental results in the published literature show that at low normal stress the shear stress required to slide one rock over another varies widely between experiments. This is because at low stress rock friction is strongly dependent on surface roughness. At high normal stress that effect is diminished and the friction is nearly independent of rock type. If the sliding surfaces are separated by gouge composed of Montmorillonite or vermiculite the friction can be very low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 866-872 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Fracture energy ; Identation of minerals ; Rock mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A relatively simple indentation technique for the rapid measurement of fracture surface energy, Γ, of small samples is described. The reliability of this technique is assessed by testing soda-lime glass for which there are good independent fracture mechanics determinations of fracture surface energy. The indentation technique gives a value for Γ of 4.33 J m−2 which compares favourably with the accepted value of 3.8 J m−2. Fracture surface energies of the {010} and {001} cleavage planes of single crystal olivine (modal composition Fo88Fa12) are then determined and compared with theoretical estimates of the thermodynamic surface energy, γ, calculated from atomistic parameters (γ is equal to Γ in the absence of dissipative processes during crack extension). The experimental values for Г{010} and Г{001} are respectively 0.98 J m−2 and 1.26 J m−2. The calculated values of γ{010} and γ{001} are respectively in the range from 0.37 J m−2 to 8.63 J m−2 and 12.06 J m−2. The particular advantages of the indentation technique for the study of the fracture surface energies of geological materials are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 634-654 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Strength of rocks ; Crack growth with water ; Rock mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A series of stress relaxation experiments have been carried out on faulted and intact Tennessee sandstone to explore the influence of pore water on strength at different strain rates. Temperatures employed were 20, 300 and 400°C, effective confining pressure was 1.5 kb and strain rates as low as 10−10 sec−1 were achieved. Most samples were prefaulted at 2.5 kb confining pressure and room temperature. This is thought to have secured a reproducible initial microstructure. The strength of the dry rock was almost totally insensitive to strain rate in the range 10−4 to 10−10 sec−1. In contrast, the strength of the wet rock decreased rapidly with strain rate at rates less than 10−6 sec−1. Brittle fracture of the quartz grains which constitute this rock is the most characteristic mode of failure under the test conditions used. The experimental data are discussed in terms of the possible deformation rate controlling processes, and it is suggested that in the wet experiments at intermediate to high strain rates (10−7 to 10−4 sec−1) the observed deformation rate is controlled by the kinetics of water assisted stress corrosion, whilst deformation at low strain rates (ca. 10−9 sec−1) is controlled by a pressure solution process. The results have implications for the rheology of fault rocks at depths of perhaps 10 to 15 km in sialic crust.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rock mechanics and rock engineering 8 (1976), S. 153-167 
    ISSN: 1434-453X
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; opencut ; shearing tests ; geophysics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Erforschung von Charakteristiken der Felsmassen am Tagebau des Kupferbergwerks Bor Die Erforschung mechanischer Charakteristiken erfolgte im Gefüge von Forschungsarbeiten zum Projekt des neuen mit vorgesehener Tiefe von etwa 300 m geplanten Tagebaues. Von der Analyse des Charakters von Forschungsarbeiten für ein derartig großes technisches Vorhaben sowie auch der Analyse von grundlegenden strukturellen und physikalischen Charakteristiken der Felsmassen (Rissigkeit, Anisotropie, Heterogenität und Naturspannungszustand) ausgehend, wurde klar auf die Orientierungsnotwendigkeit der Forschungen von mechanischen Charakteristiken auf Untersuchungen in situ hingewiesen. Als Untersuchungsergebnisse werden aufgeführt: Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit von elastischen longitudinalen Wellen, Elastizitätsmoduln, Beschädigungskoeffizienten und Parameter des Scherwiderstandes.
    Abstract: Résumé Etude des caractéristiques mécaniques des roches à la minière de cuivre de Bor à ciel ouvert L'étude des caractéristiques mécaniques a été faite dans le cadre des investigations pour le projet d'une nouvelle minière dont la profondeur prévue est de 300 m approximativement. L'analyse du caractère des investigations nécessaires pour un projet technique d'une telle portée, ainsi qu'une analyse des caractéristiques structurales et physiques des roches (fissuration, anisotropie, hétérogénéité, contraintes naturelles) ont montré indubitablement que les investigations des caractéristiques mécaniques doivent être exécutés in situ. On a présenté aussi les résultats de ces investigations: vitesse de propagation des ondes élastiques longitudinales, module d'élasticité, coéfficient d'endommagement, et les paramètres de la résistence au cisaillement.
    Notes: Summary Rock Mass Mechanical Characteristics in an Opencut at Bor Copper Mine Preliminary testing for the design of the new opencut, which will go to a depth of about 300 m, included testing rock mechanical characteristics. The character of the preliminary testing demanded by an engineering undertaking of this scale and the fundamental structural and physical properties of rock masses (fissuring, anisotropy, heterogeneity, natural stresses) are discussed and it is emphatically concluded that priority should go to in situ testing. Results are presented of determinations of the velocity of propagation of longitudinal elastic waves, elasticity modulus, coefficient of damage and shear strength parameters.
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  • 7
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    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Landolt Börnstein (6. Edition) III. Band: Astronomie und Geophysik, Berlin, Springer, vol. 7, no. XVI:, pp. 326-330, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 1952
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks
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  • 8
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    Springer
    In:  Berlin, 254 pp., Springer, vol. 15, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 585, (ISBN 1-85233-708-7)
    Publication Date: 1978
    Keywords: Laboratory measurements ; Rock mechanics ; Textbook of geophysics
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