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  • Genes
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (91)
  • Springer  (2)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)
  • Springer Nature
  • 1980-1984  (93)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (91)
  • Springer  (2)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)
  • Springer Nature
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary analysis ofα andβ hemoglobin genes by reh theory under the assumption of the equiprobability of genetic events (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 15 (1980), S. 149-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Genes ; REH theory ; Genetic distance ; Evolution ; mRNA ; Nucleic acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary It is shown how REH theory in conjunction with mRNA or gene sequence data can be used to obtain estimates of the fixation intensity, the number of varions, and the total mutations fixed between homologous pairs of nucleic acids. These estimates are more accurate than those that can be derived from amino acid sequence data. The method is illustrated forα andβ hemoglobin genes and these improved estimates are compared with those made from the amino acid sequences for which those genes code. Significant differences are found between the estimates made by these two methods. For theβ hemoglobin gene sequences examined here, the fixation intensity is some-what less than the protein data had suggested, and the number of rations is considerably greater. Depending on the gene sequences examined, between 62 and 83% of the codons appear able to fix mutations during the divergences considered. This reflects the constraints of natural selection on acceptable mutations. The total number of base replacements separating the genes for human, mouse, and rabbitβ hemoglobin varies from 61 to 105 depending on the pair examined. Rabbitα andβ hemoglobin are separated by at least 290 fixed mutations. For such distantly related sequences estimates made from protein and mRNA data differ less, reflecting the higher quality of information from the many observed changes in primary structure. The effects of nonrandom gene structure on these evolutionary estimates and the fact that various genetic events are not equiprobable are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732667
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spatial distribution of fixed mutations within genes coding for proteins (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 19 (1983), S. 437-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Base substitution patterns ; Mutability ; Poisson density ; Geometric density ; Negative binomial density ; Natural selection ; Amino acids ; Proteins ; Genes ; Nucleotides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have examined the extensive amino acid sequence data now available for five protein families — the α crystallin A chain, myoglobin, alpha and beta hemoglobin, and the cytochromesc — with the goal of estimating the true spatial distribution of base substitutions within genes that code for proteins. In every case the commonly used Poisson density failed to even approximate the experimental pattern of base substitution. For the 87 species of beta hemoglobin examined, for example, the probability that the observed results were from a Poisson process was the minuscule 10−44. Analogous results were obtained for the other functional families. All the data were reasonably, but not perfectly, described by the negative binomial density. In particular, most of the data were described by one of the very simple limiting forms of this density, the geometric density. The implications of this for evolutionary inference are discussed. It is evident that most estimates of total base substitutions between genes are badly in need of revision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02102319
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  • 3
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    Allele increasing susceptibility to human breast cancer may be linked to the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase locus (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-04-25
    Description: The patterns of the occurrence of breast cancer in 11 high-risk families were evaluated by segregation and linkage analysis. These patterns were consistent with the hypothesis that increased susceptibility to breast cancer was inherited as an autosomal dominant allele with high penetrance in women. The postulated susceptibility allele in these families may be chromosomally linked to the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (E.C. 2.6.1.2, alanine aminotransferase) locus. Confirmation of this linkage in other families would establish the existence of a gene increasing susceptibility to breast cancer. Since there is no association in the general population between a woman's glutamate-pyruvate transaminase genotype and her cancer risk, the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase linkage cannot be used as a screening test for breast cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, M C -- Go, R C -- Elston, R C -- Lynch, H T -- Petrakis, N L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 25;208(4442):406-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alanine Transaminase/*genetics ; Alleles ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/transmission ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Pedigree ; X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Tooth induction in chick epithelium: expression of quiescent genes for enamel synthesis (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-29
    Description: Intraocular grafts of chick epithelium combined with mouse molar mesenchyme produced a variety of dental structures including perfectly formed crowns with differentiated ameloblasts depositing enamel matrix. The results suggest that the loss of teeth in Aves did not result from a loss of genetic coding for enamel synthesis in the oral epithelium but from an alteration in the tissue interactions requisite for odontogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kollar, E J -- Fisher, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 29;207(4434):993-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amelogenesis ; Animals ; Chick Embryo/*cytology ; Culture Techniques ; Dental Enamel Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Embryonic Induction ; Epithelial Cells ; Genes ; Mandible/cytology ; Mesoderm/cytology ; Mice ; *Odontogenesis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in immature B cells (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Two types of immature B cells, namely fetal liver hybridomas and the leukemic cell line 70Z/3, both of which have cytoplasmic mu chains but no light chains, were examined for DNA rearrangements of their light chain and heavy chain immunoglobulin genes. In the fetal liver hybridomas, which were constructed from fetal liver cells and a tumor cell, no light chain gene rearrangement was observed, whereas in the 70Z/3 cell line a kappa light chain rearrangement probably occurred. The results suggest that, although the lack of light chain synthesis can be due to a lack of gene rearrangement, there may also be transcriptional regulation, which may also be important for the expression of light chain immunoglobulins in immature B cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maki, R -- Kearney, J -- Paige, C -- Tonegawa, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1366-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6774416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Genes ; Hybrid Cells/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Leukemia, Experimental/*immunology ; Liver/*embryology ; Mice ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    J genes for heavy chain immunoglobulins of mouse (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-05
    Description: A 15,8-kilobase pair fragment of BALB/c mouse liver DNA, cloned in the Charon 4A lambda phage vector system, was shown to contain the mu heavy chain constant region (CHmu) gene for the mouse immunoglobulin M. In addition, this fragment of DNA contains at least two J genes, used to code for the carboxyl terminal portion of heavy chain variable regions. These genes are located in genomic DNA about eight kilobase pairs to the 5' side of the CHmu gene. The complete nucleotide sequence of a 1120-base pair stretch of DNA that includes the two J genes has been determined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newell, N -- Richards, J E -- Tucker, P W -- Blattner, F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 5;209(4461):1128-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites, Antibody/*genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Mice
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Gene affecting superoxide dismutase activity linked to the histocompatibility complex in H-2 congenic mice (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: The activity of cyanide-sensitive, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) was studied in liver sytosols from H-2 congenic strains of mice. Higher SOD activity was found in livers of mice having H-2b/A.BY, B10, and C3H.SW/haplotypes than in those of H-2a, H-2k and H-2d haplotypes. Segregation studies supported these correlations. In H-2 recombinant strains of mice, the genes influencing the liver SOD activity occur, as ascertained by mapping techniques, at or near the H-2d region of the major histocompatibility complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Novak, R -- Bosze, Z -- Matkovics, B -- Fachet, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):86-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Genes ; Genes, Regulator ; Genetic Linkage ; H-2 Antigens/*genetics ; Liver/enzymology ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Superoxide Dismutase/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Altering genotype and phenotype by DNA-mediated gene transfer (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Transformation, or DNA-mediated gene transfer, permits the introduction of new genetic information into a cell and frequently results in a change in phenotype. The transforming DNA is ultimately integrated into a recipient cell chromosome. No unique chromosomal locations are apparent, different lines contain the transforming DNA on different chromosomes. Expression of transformed genes frequently results in the synthesis of new polypeptide products which restore appropriate mutant cells to the wild-type phenotype. Thus transformation provides an in vivo assay for the functional role of DNA sequence organization about specific genes. Transforming genes coding for selectable functions, such as adenine phosphoribosyltransferase or thymidine kinase, have now been isolated by utilizing transformation in concert with molecular cloning. Finally, transformation may provide a general approach to the analysis of complex heritable phenotypes by permitting the distinction between phenotypic changes without concomitant changes in DNA and functional genetic rearrangements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pellicer, A -- Robins, D -- Wold, B -- Sweet, R -- Jackson, J -- Lowy, I -- Roberts, J M -- Sim, G K -- Silverstein, S -- Axel, R -- CA 16346/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 17477/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 23767/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1414-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; DNA/*genetics ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Genotype ; Mutation ; Pentosyltransferases/*genetics ; Phenotype ; Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; Thymidine Kinase/*genetics ; *Transformation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Regional assignment of genes for human esterase D and retinoblastoma to chromosome band 13q14 (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: The expression of human esterase D was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively in five persons with partial deletions or duplications of chromosome 13. The results showed that the locus of this enzyme is at band 13q14. Deletion of this same band in other subjects has been found previously to indicate a predisposition to the development of retinoblastoma, which was present in the four individuals in this study who had partial deletions of chromosome 13. Because of this close synteny, esterase D evaluation should aid in the diagnosis and genetic counseling of retinoblastoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sparkes, R S -- Sparkes, M C -- Wilson, M G -- Towner, J W -- Benedict, W -- Murphree, A L -- Yunis, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1042-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Esterases/*genetics ; Female ; Genes ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/enzymology/genetics ; Male ; Retinoblastoma/enzymology/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Directed deletion of a yeast transfer RNA intervening sequence (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Many eukaryotic genes contain intevening sequences, segments of DNA that interrupt the continuity of the gene. They are removed from RNA transcripts of the gene by a process known as splicing. The intervening sequence in a yeast tyrosine transfer RNA (tRNA Tyr) suppressor gene was deleted in order to test its role in the expression of the gene. The altered gene and its parent were introduced into yeast by transformation. Both genes exhibited suppressor function, showing that the intervening sequence is not absolutely essential for the expression of this gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, R B -- Johnson, P F -- Tanaka, S -- Schold, M -- Itakura, K -- Abelson, J -- CA10984/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 26391/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 35658/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1396-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6997991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromosome Deletion ; DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/genetics ; Plasmids ; RNA, Fungal/*genetics ; RNA, Transfer/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Suppression, Genetic ; Tyrosine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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