ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Chemistry  (44,126)
  • Physics  (2,658)
  • Kinetics
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (46,746)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (169)
  • Springer  (36)
  • 1980-1984  (36,540)
  • 1925-1929  (10,411)
Collection
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 641-642 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Nucleation ; Water ; Emulsion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 677-682 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Kinetics ; methacrylamide ; reaction scheme ; viscosity ; additives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The aqueous polymerization of methacrylamide initiated by potassiumpersulfate-L-cystein hydrochloride redox system has been studied at 35±0.01
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Acetanilide ; Bromination ; Kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the bromination of acetanilide has been studied with the diffusion layer titration method. The results have been obtained using the apparatus which consists of the ring-disc electrode and an amperostat-potentiostat system. Dependence of the ring current on the disc current has been determined as a function of rotation speeds of the electrode, of the solution concentration and temperature. It has been shown the bromination reaction of acetanilide exhibits by first order kinetics. In that case Br2 and Br3 − are the brominating species. The rate of bromination changes with the concentration of the Br− ions. This reaction rate depends on reactions of molecular bromine with acetanilide. For 0.033〈[Br−]〈0.173M the rate constant changes in the following range: $$17530M^{ - 1} s^{ - 1}〈 k〈 6400M^{ - 1} s^{ - 1} ([H + ] = 1,34;T = 298K)$$
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Mechanism ; Mononitrosopiperazine ; N-Nitrosation ; Piperazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Mechanismus der Bildung vonN-Nitroso-Verbindungen, die als potentielle carcinogene Substanzen gelten, wurde untersucht. Die Kinetik der Nitrosierung von Piperazin (PIP) in wäßriger Perchlorsäurelösung wurde mittels einer differentiellen spektrophotometrischen Methode verfolgt. Es ergab sich für denpH-Bereich 0,85–4,36 folgendes Zeitgesetz: $$v_0 = \left[ {nitrite} \right]_0 2 \left[ {PIP} \right]_0 /\left( {1 + f/\left[ {H^ + } \right]} \right)^2 \left( {g \left[ {PIP} \right]_0 + h + j\left[ {H^ \div } \right]} \right)$$ wobei [Nitrit]0 und [PIP]0 die anfänglichen stöchiometrischen Konzentrationen bedeuten. Bei 298,2 K und μ=1,0M,f=(1,17±0,11) 10−3 M,g=(3,5±0,7)·10−2 M s,h=2,6·10−6 M 2 s andj=(0,95±0,04)M s. Bei Erhöhung der Acidität ([HClO4]≥1M) tritt ein neuer kinetischer Term auf: $$v_0 ' = p\left[ {Nitrit} \right]_0 \left[ {PIP} \right]_0 $$ Bei 298,2 K und μ=3,0M,p=(1,9±0,2) 10−3 M −1 s−1. Es wird ein genereller Mechanismus für die Nitrosierung jedesN-nitrosierbaren Substrates in wäßriger Perchloratlösung vorgeschlagen, wobei als nitrosierende Agentien ausschließlich N2O3 und H2NO2 +/NO+ auftreten. Es werden die Besonderheiten dieses Mechanismus bezüglich derpK-Werte derN-nitrosierbaren Substrate diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The mechanism of formation ofN-nitroso compounds, which are considered as potential chemical carcinogens was studied. The kinetics of nitrosation of piperazine (PIP) in aqueous solution of perchloric acid have been investigated using a differential spectrophotometric technique. Based on our experimental results, the following rate law, in thepH-range 0.85 4.36, is proposed: $$v_0 = \left[ {nitrite} \right]_0 2 \left[ {PIP} \right]_0 /\left( {1 + f/\left[ {H^ + } \right]} \right)^2 \left( {g \left[ {PIP} \right]_0 + h + j\left[ {H^ \div } \right]} \right)$$ where [nitrite]0 and [PIP]0 represent initial stoichiometric concentrations. At 298.2K and μ=1.0M,f=(1.17±0.11) 10−3 M,g=(3.5±0.7) 10−2 M s,h=2.6×10−6 M 2 s andj=(0.95±0.04)M s. When the acidity is increased ([HClO4]≥1M), a new kinetic term comes into play: $$v_0 ' = p\left[ {nitrite} \right]_0 \left[ {PIP} \right]_0 $$ At 298.2 K and μ=3.0M,p=(1.9±0.2) 10−3 M −1 s−1. A general mechanism for the nitrosation of anyN-nitrosable substrate in aqueous perchloric solution in which the only nitrosating agents are N2O3 and H2NO2 +/NO+ is proposed. Also, the various particularities of this mechanism, according to thepK of theN-nitrosable substrate, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Galactitol ; Kinetics ; Mechanism ; Oxidation ; Reduction ; Xylitol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Geschwindigkeitsgesetz der Titelreaktion ist in beiden Fällen erster Ordnung bezüglich Hexacyanoferrat(III). Die Oxidation ist erster Ordnung bei niedrigen Konzentrationen von Xylit und Galaktit und geht bei Erhöhung der Konzentration gegen null. In gleicher Weise wurde eine Kinetik erster Ordnung bezüglich Hydroxyl bei niedrigen Konzentrationen und eine erniedrigte Ordnung bei höheren Konzentrationen für die Oxidation von Xylit beobachtet; bei Galaktit bleibt die Oxidation auch bei höheren Hydroxyl-Konzentrationen erster Ordnung. Es wird angenommen, daß die Reaktion über einen aktivierten Komplex zwischen [KFe(CN)6]2− und dem Substrat-Anion verläuft; dieser Komplex zerfällt in [KFe(CN)6]3− und ein Substrat-Radikal. Ein möglicher Reaktionsmechanismus wird vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Abstract Kinetics of oxidation of xylitol and galactitol by hexacyanoferrate(III) ion in aqueous alkaline medium is reported. The reaction rate is of first order with respect to hexacyanoferrate(III) in each substrate. The reaction is first order at lower concentrations of xylitol and galactitol and tends towards zero order as the concentration increases. Similarly first order kinetics was obtained with respect to hydroxide ion at lower concentrations and tends to lower order at higher concentration in the oxidation of xylitol; in the oxidation of galactitol the reaction is first order with respect to hydroxide ion even up to manyfold variation. The course of reaction has been considered to proceed through the formation of an activated complex between [K Fe(CN)6]2− and substrate anion which decomposes slowly into radical and [K Fe(CN)6]3−. A probable reaction mechanism is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 112 (1981), S. 287-292 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Activation energy ; Kinetics ; Methyl-vinyl ketone ; Polarography ; Polymerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The homogeneous polymerization of methyl-vinyl ketone in diluted methanol solutions in presence of proton donors is studied using the polarographic method. The effect of the cation of the indifferent electrolyte is investigated as well as the influence of small quantities of H2O. Suggestions were made about the possible mechanisms of these influences in the general scheme of the process proposed byHolleck et al.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 113 (1982), S. 1087-1092 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Dissolution ; Kinetics ; Pyrrhotite ; Rotating disc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit von natürlichem monoklinen Pyrrhotin, FeS1.14, wurde in sauerstofffreien LösungenS([H+]=0.1, [Na+]=0.9, [ClO 4 − ]=1.0 mol kg−1) mit Hilfe der Methode der rotierenden Scheibe bestimmt. Im Temperaturbereich von 40–90° erfolgt die Auflösungsreaktion kinetisch kontrolliert, wobei eine Aktivierungsenergie von 14±1 kcal mol−1 (59±5 kJ mol−1) gefunden wurde.
    Notes: Abstract Using the rotating disc method, the rates of dissolution of natural monoclinic pyrrhotite, FeS1.14, in oxygen-free aqueous solutionsS([H+]=0.1, [Na+]=0.9, [ClO 4 − ]=1.0 mol kg−1) were determined. In the temperature range 40–90 °C the dissolution reaction occurs under kinetic control; the activation energy being 14±1 kcal mol−1 (50±5 kJ mol−1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 113 (1982), S. 1239-1244 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Allyl alcohol ; Kinetics ; Mechanism ; Oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Oxidation von Allylalkohol mitN-Bromsuccinimid (NBS) wurde bei 35 °C in wäßrigem Medium untersucht. Die Reaktion zeigt erste Ordnung gegenüberNBS und Allylalkohol. Bei relativ hoher Säurekonzentration zeigt sich keine Änderung der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit, bei niedriger Säurekonzentration wird die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit beträchtlich erhöht. Es wurde kein primärer Salzeffekt festgestellt. Bei varriierender Quecksilberacetatkonzentration bleibt die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit gleich, bei Abwesenheit von Quecksilberacetat wird jedoch die Geschwindigkeitskonstante erhöht. Die kinetischen Parameter,E a, derArrheniusfaktorA, ΔH ≠, ΔG ≠ und ΔS ≠ wurden bestimmt. Ein Geschwindigkeitsgesetz in Übereinstimmung mit den experimentellen Befunden wurde abgeleitet und ein Mechanismus vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of oxidation of allyl alcohol byN-bromosuccinimide (NBS) has been studied at 35 °C in aqueous medium. The reaction shows first order dependence on bothNBS and allyl alcohol. In fairly high acid concentration, there is no change in the rate of the reaction but at low acid concentration, the rate is considerably enhanced. There is no primary salt effect. At varying mercuric acetate concentrations, the rate constant remains the same. But in the absence of mercuric acetate, the rate is enhanced. The kinetic parameters,E a,Arrhenius factorA, ΔH≠, ΔG≠ and ΔS≠ have been calculated. A rate law in agreement with experimental results has been derived. A mechanism is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 113 (1982), S. 887-893 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Diazotation ; Kinetics ; α-Naphthylamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Optimal diazotation conditions were determined by means of extinction measurements at various experimental conditions. The optimal conditions found arep H=9,5, the amount of phenol is 1 250 times the amount of α-naphthylamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 114 (1983), S. 773-781 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Diastereomers ; 2,3-Dihydrobilatrienes-abc ; Kinetics ; Saturation-Transfer-Kinetics ; Phytochrome Models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract From kinetic and equilibrium measurements the activation and thermodynamic parameters of diastereomeric 2,3-dihydrobilatrienes-abc in positions “4” and “15” are deduced. Compared to bilatrienes-abc a pronounced thermal lability of these diastereomers is observed—the exocyclic double bond of the saturated lactam ring being the more labile one. This feature may be of relevance to the thermal cascades and dark reactions observed for phytochrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Iodine monochloride ; Kinetics ; Solvent effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Addition von ICl zu einigen Vinylverbindungen in Nitrobenzol als Lösungsmittel wurde untersucht. In allen Fällen ist die Reaktion von zweiter Ordnung hinsichtlich ICl und von erster Ordnung hinsichtlich des Substrats, d. h. mit einer Gesamtordnung von drei. Geschwindigkeitskonstanten wurden für jedes Substrat bei 20°, 30°, 40° und 50°C gemessen. AusArrhenius-Diagrammen wurden Aktivierungsenergien ermittelt und auch andere kinetische und thermodynamische Parameter wurden bestimmt. Ein Mechanismus wird vorgeschlagen, wobei die verschiedenen Parameter diskutiert werden. Lösungsmitteleffekte werden ebenfalls diskutiert und die Daten mit Nitrobenzol und Essigsäure als Lösungsmittel miteinander verglichen.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the addition of iodine monochloride (ICl) to some vinyl compounds in nitrobenzene solvent was investigated. In all cases the reaction follows second order dependence on ICl and first order on the substrate, making the total order three. Rate constants were measured for each substrate at 20°, 30°, 40° and 50°C.Arrhenius plots were made from which activation energies were evaluated. Other kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are reported. A suitable mechanism is proposed for the reaction and based on this, the various parameters are discussed. Solvent effects are discussed and the data with nitrobenzene and acetic acid solvents are compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 115 (1984), S. 1185-1197 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Mono and polycarboxylic esters ; Metal salt catalysis ; Kinetics ; Chromatographic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The alcoholysis of various esters of aromatic carboxylic esters with octadecanol in the presence of lead stearate was investigated by chromatographic analysis of the reaction mixtures. The reactivity of the esters was found to be strongly affected by the substitution pattern of the aromatic nucleus as well as by the structure of the alkoxy group. Electron donating substituents in a suitable position lead to a remarkable increase in reactivity compared to the unsubstituted alkyl esters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Negative salt effect ; Oxidation ; Stopped-flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of NaClO4, NaCl and Na2SO4 on the oxidation of Fe(phen) 3 2+ by Ce(IV) was investigated by means of the stopped-flow method. At the concentrations range of NaClO4 and NaCl 0.1–1.0M the rate constant values decrease from 1.03·105 to 0.56·105M−1s−1 and from 1.08·105 to 0.81·105M−1s−1 respectively. In varying concentrations of Na2SO4 solutions (0.05–0.35M) the rate constant values decrease from 1.05·105M−1s−1 to 0.45·105M−1s−1. Taking into account the negative salt effect the mechanism of the reaction progress is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Arginine ; Catalysis ; Kinetics ; Mechanism ; Oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Oxidation erfolgt sowohl mit als auch ohne Cu(II)-Katalysator in erster Ordnung bezüglich des Oxidationsmittels und des Substrats; inverse Ordnung wird bezüglich der Alkalikonzentration beobachtet. Bis zu einer Cu(II)-Konzentration von≤2×10−5 M ist die Geschwindigkeitskonstante der Katalysatorkonzentration proportional; darüber wird eine konstantbleibende Geschwindigkeit beobachtet, die nun von der Cu(II)-Konzentration unabhängig ist. Neutralsalze haben keinen Effekt auf die Geschwindigkeitskonstante. Es wird für den katalysierten und unkatalysierten Reaktionsablauf ein Mechanismus vorgeschlagen und ein mathematischer Ansatz präsentiert.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of uncatalysed and Cu(II) catalysed oxidation of arginine monohydrochloride was investigated. Both reactions follow a singular order dependence each in oxidant and substrate. An inverse order dependence is reported with the alkali concentration. A plot of observed rate constant versus Cu(II) concentrations Cu(II)≤2.0×10−5 M is linear; from the intercept the rate constant for the uncatalysed pathway was calculated. However, at high copper ion concentrations i.e. Cu(II)〉2.0×10−5 M a fixed value of rate constant was found for all catalyst concentrations. Added neutral salts show an insignificant effect on the reaction rate. Mechanisms were proposed for both cases and rate expressions were derived by applying steady state assumptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 431-439 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Apatite ; Fluorhydroxyapatite ; Crystal growth ; Kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of seeded crystal growth of calcium apatites were studied in dilute supersaturated solutions at various levels of fluoride concentrations. Initial precipitation rates were enhanced by fluoride concentrations higher than 0.05 ppm. The analytical results are consistent with the precipitation of fluoridated hydroxyapatites, Ca5Fx-(OH)1−x(PO4)3, FHA. The degree of fluoridation, X, appears to be determined by the activity of HF in solution, which varies for the various initial fluoride levels but remains fairly constant during precipitation. Thus the composition of the precipitating phase was the same for a given solution whether 25 or 10 mg of hydroxyapatite was added as seeds. All the experimental results are consistent with the BCF theory, which relates the mean linear rate of growth, RL, to the supersaturation, DS, by the expression RL=C1T(DS-1)1n(DS)tanh(C2/T 1n DS), in which DS is the supersaturation defined by mean molar activities with respect to the precipitating FHA, T the absolute temperature, and C1 and C2 are constants calculated from the experimental results. Consequently, the crystal growth appears to take place in surface kinks and to be controlled by surface diffusion. Since crystal growth in most biological systems takes place at fluoride concentrations within the experimental range used, it seems probable that it occurs along the model advanced in the present investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 15 (1980), S. 79-101 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Molecules ; Interstellar ; Chemistry ; Isotopes ; Solar system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The study of interstellar molecules broadly includes two areas of interest. One area uses the unique ability of molecules to act as probes of the physical conditions in the cold, dense, visually opaque component of the interstellar medium. The physical properties of this and other components of the interstellar medium are summarized. The other area deals with the chemistry of interstellar molecules, recent aspects of which are emphasized in this review. Gas-phase chemistry, shock chemistry, and grain surface chemistry are discussed in the context of recent observations. No present observations suggest that surface reactions are relevant, but neither can they be ruled out. Ion-molecule reactions are clearly operative, at least for the simpler species. Chemical isotope fractionation is reviewed, andd it is concluded that the complexities of the chemistry allow no cosmological conclusions to be drawn from observations of deuterium in interstellar molecules, while the presence of13C in interstellar molecules permits an estimate of the12C/13C ratio which is consistent with the current concepts of the nucleosynthesis history of the Galaxy. Possible connections between interstellar molecules and the early molecular history of the solar system are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 111 (1980), S. 1125-1133 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Diazotization ; Kinetics ; α-Naphthylamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the diazotization of α-naphthylamine1 in water HCl solution from 0,2N to 2.0N at 0 °C were investigated. It was found that the nitrosation reaction $$\alpha --C_{10} H_7 NH_2 + NOCl\mathop \rightleftharpoons \limits^{k_v } \alpha --C_{10} H_7 NH_2 NO^ + + Cl^ - $$ is a preceeding advance-back-reaction (velocity coefficient of the nitrosation is 1.92·1010l mol−1 s−1). The decomposition of I by splitting off a proton is the rate determining reaction. The free enthalpy of activation for the nitrosation reaction equals 12.94 kJ/mol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 111 (1980), S. 1135-1142 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Hammet parameter ; Kinetics ; Mechanism ; Thermodynamic parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Reaktion von drei substituierten Acetophenonen mit Bromsuccinimid in Perchlorsäure in Gegenwart von Quecksilberacetat wurde untersucht. Die Reaktion war von nullter Ordnung gegenüberNBS, erster Ordnung gegenüber den Ketonen und [H+]. Mögliche Mechanismen der Reaktion werden diskutiert und auch eine Geschwindigkeitsgleichung wird abgeleitet. Es wurden die thermodynamischen Parameter der Reaktion bestimmt und auch einHammet'scher ϖ-Wert (+0,6) für die Oxidation der Methylarylketone ermittelt.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the reaction of three substituted acetophenones withN-Bromosuccinimide was studied in perchloric acid media in presence of mercuric acetate. The reactions were found to be zero order with respect toNBS while the order with respect to ketones and [H+] was found to be unity. The addition of succinimide mercuric acetate and sodium perchlorate has no effect on the rate of oxidation and the rate increases with the decrease in dielectric constant of the medium. Kinetic investigations have revealed that the order of reactivity ism-nitroacetophenone 〉 p-chloroacetophenone 〉 p-methylacetophenone. TheArrhenius equation has been found to be valid in the temperature range 35–55°. Thermodynamic parameters have been calculated. Mechanistic pathways of the reactions are discussed and a rate equation is derived.Hammett's plot gives a ϖ value of +0.60 for methyl-aryl-ketones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 113 (1982), S. 3-14 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Graphite ; Kinetics ; Reduction ; Thoria ; Thoriumcarbide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reduktion von Thoriumoxid mit Graphit im Überschuß wurde mittels einer Thermowaage zwischen 1620 und 1920 K im Vakuum untersucht. Ab ThO2:C=1:50 war die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit vom Mischungsverhältnis unabhängig; das Endprodukt war immer ThC2. Der logarithmische Gewichtsverlust war direkt proportional der Zeit, und dieArrheniusgerade zeigte einen Knickpunkt bei 1710 K: unterhalb dieser Temperatur ergab sich eine Aktivierungsenergie von 440 kJ, oberhalb eine solche von 260 kJ. Die Temperatur des Knickpunkts entspricht der Umwandlungstemperatur von monoklinem in tetragonal raumzentriertes ThC2.
    Notes: Abstract The reduction of thoria with excess graphite was studied with a thermo-balance in vacuum between 1620 and 1920 K. From Th02:C=1:50 the rate of reaction was independent of the ratio of the reactants; the endproduct was always ThC2. The logarithmic weight loss was directly proportional to the time, and theArrhenius plot showed a break at 1710 K: below this temperature the activation energy was found to be 440 kJ, above 260 kJ. The temperature corresponding to the break coincides with the transition temperature of monoclinic to body-centered tetragonal ThC2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Ligand-transfer ; Thallium (III)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The transfer of oxinate ions from thallium (III)oxinate to trivalent Fe(DMF) 6 3+ in propylenecarbonate takes place via rearrangements within a rapidly formed binuclear thallium(III)—iron(III) complex. In a last rapid step this rearranged complex reacts with excess reactants to the final products whose composition accordingly depends on the ratio of the reactant concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Hydroperoxide ; Kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Zersetzung von α,α-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxid (1) unter Verwendung eines Kupfer(II)chlorkomplexes wurde die neue Feststellung gemacht, daß das Produktverhältnis Acetophenon (2): α,α-Dimethylbenzylalkohol (3) stets 2:1 ist. Die Kinetik der Reaktion wurde untersucht und ein Mechanismus vorgeschlagen, der mit dem experimentellen Resultat konsistent ist.
    Notes: Abstract In the decomposition of α,α-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide (1) by use of copper(II) chlorocomplexes, the novel fact was found that the product ratio of acetophenone (2) to α,α-dimethylbenzyl alcohol (3) is 2 to 1. The kinetics of this result was investigated and a mechanism consistent with the experimental result is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 114 (1983), S. 411-423 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Bromination ; Dihydroxydiphenylmethanes ; Intramolecular hydrogen bonding ; Kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The bromination of 15 dinuclear phenolic compounds (dihydroxydiphenylmethanes, methylene bisphenols) by molecular bromine in acetic acid was studied kinetically at 22°C. In all compounds the electrophilic substitution occurred inortho-position to the phenolic hydroxy group of the methyl phenol unit while the non reacting neighboring unit was differently substituted by H, CH3,t-Bu and NO2. A decrease in the reaction rate was observed in 2,2′-dihydroxydiphenylmethanes, where the +M-effect of the hydroxy group is diminished by an intramolecular hydrogen bond. The strength of this hydrogen bond may be influenced mainly by steric factors. Strong electron withdrawing substituents like NO2 show a rate decreasing influence on the reactivity of the neighboring unit also in 2,4′- and 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylmethanes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 115 (1984), S. 1385-1392 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Periodate oxidation ; Solvent effect ; Reaction rate ; Kinetics ; Octacyanomolybdate (IV)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Oxidation von Mo(CN) 8 4− mit IO4/− wurde in Ethanol—Wasser über einen Temperaturbereich von 15–35 °C untersucht. Der Effekt der Lösungsmittelzusammensetzung auf die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und der Mechanismus der Reaktion werden diskutiert. Die Aktivierungsparameter sind angeführt. Es wird ein „Inner-Sphere“-Mechanismus vorgeschlagen, der mit den kinetischen Ergebnissen konsistent ist.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the oxidation of Mo(CN) 8 4− by IO 4 − has been studied in ethanol—water solvent mixtures over a temperature range of 15–35 °C. The effect of solvent composition on the reaction rate and the mechanism has been investigated. Activation parameters are given. An inner-sphere mechanism, consistent with the kinetic results, is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 115 (1984), S. 405-414 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Mechanism ; Oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Kinetik der Oxidation von Chinol mit Quecksilbernitrat in Gegenwart einer Mischung ausAcOH-H2O-HNO3 untersucht, um die aktive Species bei der Oxidation in diesem Medium aufzuklären. Die Reaktionsordnung ist sowohl bezüglich des Chinols als auch des Hg(II)-Ions erster Ordnung. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit erhöht sich leicht mit der HNO3-Konzentration und auch mit abfallender Dielektrizitätskonstante des Mediums. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit sinkt mit dem Zusatz von KNO3. Es ist keinerlei Hinweis auf eine Komplexbildung zwischen Chinol und Hg(II) festzustellen. Die Resultate der Untersuchungen legen HgNO + 3 als aktive Spezies nahe. Es wird ein möglicher Mechanismus mit einem Zweielektronen-Transfer im geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritt vorgeschlagen. Das dabei produziertep-Benzochinon existiert nicht in freier Form, sondern es bildet einen stabilen 1 : 1-Komplex mit Quecksilbernitrat; dieser Komplex wurde mittels TLC und IR charakterisiert.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of oxidation of quinol by mercuric nitrate in presence ofAcOH-H2O-HNO3 mixture has been investigated in order to find the active species of mercuric nitrate involved in the oxidation in this medium. The order of reaction both with respect to quinol and Hg(II) is found to be one. The reaction rate slightly increases with the increase in [HNO3] and the decrease of the dielectric constant of the medium. The reaction rate retards on addition of KNO3. There is no evidence for complex formation between quinol and Hg(II). These results suggest that HgNO + 3 might be the active species in this medium. A probable mechanism involving a two electron transfer in the rate determining step has been suggested. The producedp-benzoquinone does not exist in free state but forms a stable (1 : 1) complex with mercuric nitrate which has been characterized by TLC and IR studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 115 (1984), S. 697-704 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Electrohydrodimerization ; Benzylidenemalononitriles ; Kinetics ; Electrohydrodimerization ; Benzylidenemalononitriles ; Kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mittels derivativer cyclischer Voltammetrie wurden für die Titelreaktion Geschwindigkeitskonstanten und Aktivierungsparameter erhalten (Dimethylformamid als Lösungsmittel). Benzyliden-,p-Methyl- undp-Methoxybenzylidenmalonnitril reagieren ausschließlich über die Dimerisierung ihrer Anionenradikale (Radikal-Radikal-Kopplung), währenddessen die Dimerisierung vonp-Fluorbenzylidenmalonnitril zu 25% über die Kopplung des Anionenradikals mit dem Substrat erfolgt.
    Notes: Abstract Rate constants and activation parameters for the reductive dimerization of substituted benzylidenemalononitriles were obtained from derivate cyclic voltammetry measurements in dimethylformamide as solvent. Benzylidene-,p-methyl-andp-methoxybenzylidenemalononitrile react exclusively via dimerization of their anion radicals (radical-radical coupling) while forp-fluorobenzylidenemalononitrile 25% of the dimerization proceeds by coupling of the anion radical with the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 128-151 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Galactic cosmic rays ; Solar proton events ; Particle precipitation ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An assessment is made of the relative contribution of certain classes of energetic particle precipitation to the chemical composition of the middle atmosphere with emphasis placed on the production of odd nitrogen and odd hydrogen species and their subsequent role in the catalytic removal of ozone. Galactic cosmic radiation is an important source of odd nitrogen in the lower stratosphere but since the peak energy deposition occurs below the region where catalytic removal of O3 is most effective, it is questionable whether this mechanism is important in the overall terrestrial ozone budget. The precipitation of energetic solar protons can periodically produce dramatic enhancement in upper stratospheric NO. The long residence time of NO in this region of the atmosphere, where catalytic interaction with O3 is also most effective, mandates that this mechanism be included in future modelling of the global distribution of O3. Throughout the mesosphere the precipitation of energetic electrons from the outer radiation belt (60°≲Λ≲70°) can sporadically act as a major local source of odd hydrogen and odd nitrogen leading to observable O3 depletion. Future satellite studies should be directed at simultaneously measuring the precipitation flux and the concomitant atmosphere modification, and these results should be employed to develop more sophisticated models of this important coupling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bacterial amphophile ; Purification ; Chemistry ; Resorption ; Ca influx ; Cyclic AMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The bone resorptive factor and amphipathic antigen (AcA) previously identified by us in preparations fromActinomyces viscosus have been partially purified, characterized chemically, and compared. They elute at the same location on chromatography with Ac 22. The fatty acid composition of AcA and the bone resorptive factor is the same. Some differences in carbohydrate composition are observed. TheActinomyces factor does not affect calcium influx or cyclic AMP in isolated bone cells. Therefore it is concluded that AcA stimulates resorption either by gaining entrance into bone cells or by way of a yet undetermined second messenger.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 48-59 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Salivary proteins ; Adsorption ; Thermodynamics ; Kinetics ; Hydroxyapatite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Equilibrium and kinetic experiments were conducted to investigate the factors determining the adsorption of salivary macromolecules onto hydroxyapatite. Using amino acids and other small adsorbates, it was determined that the carboxyl attached to the α carbon does not appear to adsorb onto HA and the affinities of side-chain carboxyls are much smaller than that of the phosphate group (phosphoserine). Hydroxyl (serine) displays an extremely high affinity, but its adsorption site on HA is different and the number of such sites is much smaller than found for the rest of the functional groups investigated. It is shown that the information obtained from small molecules cannot be readily applied to prediction of the adsorption behavior of salivary macromolecules and polypeptides. The kinetics of adsorption of the salivary phosphopeptide statherin, a polyaspartate, and the salivary prolinerich phosphoprotein PRP3 are consistent with the reversibility of the adsorption process; no conclusion was possible in the case of the protein PRP1. Apparent irreversibility cannot be explained on the basis of multipoint binding or the properties of the carboxyl versus phosphate group; it appears that secondary structure determines to a significant extent the adsorption properties of the macromolecules. Calculation of the thermodynamic molar quantities of adsorption of PRP1, PRP3, andl-ASP onto HA showed that the process is entropically driven. The functional relationship between partial molar entropy and adsorption coverage is similar for the two proteins, but quite different from that for aspartate. Explanations for these results are advanced on the bases of changes in structure configurations and displacement of water from the adsorbate and the adsorbent surface, the second factor being the dominant one in the adsorption of a small molecule such asl-ASP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 8 (1981), S. 23-34 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Light-scattering ; Flash photometry ; Kinetics ; Visual transduction ; Biomembranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A recent development of kinetic light-scattering and -absorption photometry is described. Essential points are: 1) In the scattering experiment, amplitude resolution of 2 · 10−5 (single flash) by application of a differential detector, stability of the same magnitude due to optical compensation, high intensity at the detector due to special optics for the scattered light and semiconductor sources. 2) In the absorption measurement, elimination of scattering contributions by the dual wavelength-method and by high aperture optics. 3) Simultaneous measurement of absorption and scattering. The application of the method is described in using signals from isolated bovine rod outer segments. A reliable procedure is described by the use of which the originally measured light-scattering effects can be split up into single signals. The method allows comparative kinetic analysis of absorption and scattering signals. The possible causal connections between pigment and membrane structure processes can be selected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 9 (1983), S. 145-170 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Viroids ; Thermodynamics ; Kinetics ; Hydrodynamics ; Function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Viroids are an independent class of plant pathogens which are distinguished from viruses by the absence of a protein coat and by their unusually small size. They are single-stranded circular RNAs composed of about 360 nucleotide residues. Sequence analysis and physicochemical studies of the potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) have shown that, as a result of intra-molecular base pairing, viroids form a unique rod-like secondary structure which is characterized by a serial arrangement of double-helical sections and internal loops. There is no indication for an additional tertiary structure because all parts of the molecule are freely accessible to ligand interaction. During the denaturation all of the native base pairs of viroids are dissociated in one highly cooperative transition, and in the same process very stable hairpins which are not present in the native structure are newly formed. Most of the properties of the structure and structural transitions of PSTV have been found also in citrus exocortis viroid, chrysanthemum stunt viroid and four different viroid-like RNAs associated with the cadang-cadang disease. The close similarity between these viroids is more expressed in the overall structure and in thermodynamic and functional domains than in the primary sequence. The stiffness of all viroids can be described by an unique persistence length of 300 å. Characteristically, regions of premelting, regions of stable hairpins, and the sequence UACUACCCGGUGG which is opposite to one of the stable hairpins, are the most conservative sequences in the molecules. Current hypotheses about the function of viroids are discussed on the basis of their structural and thermodynamic features. The suggestion that viroid RNA has features similar to DNA has been supported by the finding that they are replicated in vitro by the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II of the host plant. The highly conserved sequence in viroids mentioned above corresponds very closely to a segment at the 5′-end of the small nuclear RNA U1 of eukaryotes. Because this segment is discussed in recent models, to be involved in the splicing process, a hypothesis is proposed in which viroids interfere with the splicing process leading to a pathogenic misregulation of mRNA processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 139 (1984), S. 28-32 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacterium ; Phosphate ; Uptake ; Kinetics ; Regulation ; Pulse ; Steady state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to study phosphate uptake kinetics the cyanobacteriumOscillatoria agardhii was grown in continuous culture under a phosphorus limitation. The affinity of the uptake system reflected in the initial slope of the uptake rate versus external substrate concentration curve (dV/ds) was found to be unaffected by the growth wate. The maximum phosphate uptake rate (V m ) decreased as the growth rate was increased. Attempts were made to relate the decrease ofV m to the increase in phosphorus content of the cells that occurred a higher growth rates. Accumulation of phosphate during pulse experiments indeed resulted in a decrease ofV m . However feedback regulation ofV m by accumulated phosphorus was found to occur only to a small extent in steady state growing cells. The main part of the regulation of the activity of the phosphate uptake system seemingly is determined by a long term process that is, at least longer than 2 h. The presence of short term feedback inhibition by accumulated phosphorus on the activity of the uptake system provides an explanation of the phenomenon thatOscillatoria agardhii is not able to grow at nearμ max growth rates under a phosphorus limitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 359-381 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alaska ; Ammonium ; Birch ; Forest-floor ; Isotopedilution ; Kinetics ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen pool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An analysis was conducted of nitrogen dynamics in the forest floor of a paper birch forest in subarctic Alaska. Low addition levels of high enrichment isotope (〈1% of the total nitrogen pool with 95 to 99 atom percent excess15N) and isotope dilution analysis, were used to establish the kinetics of nitrogen flow. The pools examined were NH4, NO3+NO2, soluble organic-N and forest floor organic matter. This approach allows a more realistic assessment of rates of N movement at the levels of nitrogen concentration encountered in natural systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 399-417 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) ; Kinetics ; Lead ; River-mud
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of several factors on the rate and the capacity of lead adsorption by river-mud were studies. These factors included the concentration of mud, the concentration of lead, the organic matter content of mud, pH, time of adsorption, temperature and agitation. The reaction order of the adsorption process with respect to lead and the type of adsorption were determined. Also, indications of the rate-limiting step were discussed and an empirical equation describing the adsorption of lead on river-mud was developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonification ; Cadmium ; Heavy metals ; Kinetics ; Lead ; Nitrification ; Perfusion incubations ; Polluted soils ; Selection ; Toxicity ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The sensitivity of the mineralization of nitrogen by a range of soils contaminated with heavy metals (up to 340 μg Cd g−1, 7500 μg Pb g−1 and 34000 μg Zn g−1) to the addition of heavy metals in solution were studied using pot incubations (ammonification) and a soil perfusion technique (nitrification). The ammonification of peptone showed little correlation between treatments with Cd, Zn (1000 and 5000 μg g−1) and Pb (10000 and 20000 μg g−1) and origin of the soil. Nitrification was considerably more sensitive to heavy metals than ammonification. All the soils had active, often large, populations of ammonifying and nitrifying organisms which showed substantial similarities between the soils. The rate of nitrifying activity (NO3−N production) was logrithmic in most cases. The presence of tolerant populations of nitrifying organisms in the contaminated soils was demonstrated. Tolerance was also eventually acquired after a longer lag phase, by the non-contaminated soil populations although the rate of activity was often reduced. Metals added in solution were adsorbed by the soil within 4 hours. Differences in toxicity between metal salts (chlorides, sulphates and acetate) were attributed to the amount left in solution. However, in many instances, acetate was found to stimulate all the stages in the mineralisation of nitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 30 (1983), S. 219-241 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Kinetics ; phase transitions ; nucleation ; lattice gas ; Becker-Doring equations ; clusters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method is described for calculating from first principles the coefficients in the Becker-Döring equations for the rate of change of the distribution of cluster sizes in a low-density lattice gas with Kawasaki dynamics. The method depends on solving a diffusion problem for the concentration of particles near a given cluster. The coefficients are calculated for cluster sizes up to 6, on a simple cubic lattice at a temperature 0.59 times the critical temperatures, and extrapolated to larger sizes. The resulting version of the Becker-Doring equations is then solved numerically. Comparison with the results of a computer simulation (at overall concentration 0.075) carried out by Kalos and others indicates that the method gives quite good predictions of the dependence of the cluster distribution on the critical cluster size (usually denoted by l*) but that the predicted rate of change of critical cluster size with time is too small, at this overall concentration, by a factor of about 0.3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 34 (1984), S. 399-426 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Becker-Doring equations ; clusters ; computer simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We make a quantitative comparison between the predictions of the Becker-Döring equations and computer simulations on a model of a quenched binary A-B alloy. The atoms are confined to the vertices of a simple cubic lattice, interact through attractive nearest neighbor interactions, and move by interchanges of nearest neighbor pairs (Kawasaki dynamics). We study in particular the time evolution of the number of clusters of A atoms of each size, at four different concentrations: ρA=0.035, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 atoms per lattice site. The temperature is 0.59 times the critical temperature. At this temperature the equilibrium concentration of A atoms in the B-rich phase is ρ A eq =0.0145 atoms/lattice site. The coefficients entering the Becker-Döring equations are obtained by extrapolation from previously published low-density calculations, leaving the time scale as the only adjustable parameter. We find good agreement at the three lower densities. At 10% density the agreement is, as might be expected, less satisfactory but still fairly good-indicating a quite wide range of utility for the Becker-Döring equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 823-831 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of the DNA-binding oligopeptide distamycin A on the B to A transition of DNA in ethanol/water solutions has been studied by means of CD. (The overbars indicate that it does not matter which particular form of the corresponding families is considered.) The results show that increasing the concentration of distamycin A reverses the A conformation (in 82% ethanol) to the B conformation due to its strong binding and stabilization of the latter. In accordance with previous data for pure aqueous solutions, a site size of 3.5 base pairs is obtained from the studies in water/ethanolic solutions. From the data on the B to A transition in the presence of distamycin A, we estimated the length of the cooperativity ν0 = 10 base pairs.The results demonstrate that the oligopeptide systems of distamycin, as well as those of netropsin, are effective stabilizers of the DNA B-conformation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrapeptides with proline in position 2, asparagine or leucine in position 3, and glycine in positions 1 and 4, with end groups free or blocked on the N-terminal side, were studied in their various ionic states in 2H2O and in Me2SO-d6 by 1H- and 13C-nmr. In order to clarify or refine some details, successive substitutions of the residues in these peptides with amino acids enriched to 85% in 13C, or to 85% 13C plus 97% 2H were carried out. The 1H and 13C chemical shifts as well as the 1H-1H, 13C-13C, and 13C-1H coupling constants and the signal intensities show strong similarity of behavior between the tetrapeptides of asparagine and leucine. The main conformational characteristics are (1) the almost total stabilization of the trans conformer in the type I β-turn structure when the peptide is in the zwitterion state dissolved in Me2SO. This is deduced from the 3JC3αH-N3H and the 3JC2′-H3α coupling constants, which both furnish a dihedral angle of φ3 = -90°, and from the positive value of the temperature coefficient of the glycine-4 amide protons, which suggests a type 4 → 1 hydrogen bond; (2) the evolution of cis and trans isomer fractions which change with the ionic state of the peptides in Me2SO, whereas they remain constant in aqueous solution; and (3) the conformation of the pyrrolidine ring as it follows the variations in cis:trans isomer populations together with the side-chain rotamer fractions of the residue in position 3. In the β-turn conformation the isomer cis is less abundant and the pyrrolidine ring is more flexible; this explains the perfect accommodation of the proline residue in position 2 of a bend. The interdependence of these phenomena where interactive forces play a predominant role underlines the importance of cooperative effects in the molecule. The results also suggest that the cis isomer of proline can adapt itself just as well as the trans isomer to position 2 of a type I β-turn.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An algorithm is presented for the Monte Carlo simulation of the decay of fluorescence polarization from segmentally flexible molecules. Based on the random walk model of Brownian motion, the treatment explicitly follows the stochastic changes in the diffusion coefficients as the molecule bends. It includes the effects of a linear restoring force opposing the bending and the effects of hydrodynamic coupling between the translational, rotational, and bending motions. One application is presented: the simulation of anisotropy decay curves for hinged rods. A variety of decay curves are obtained, including single- and multiexponential behavior, and the following conclusions are reached: (1) increasing the flexibility is usually, but not always, accompanied by a more rapid rate of depolarization; (2) reducing the size of the fluorescent subunit will usually, but not always, increase the rate of depolarization; and (3) the complex interplay between the effects of molecular shape, relative sizes of the subunits, restoring force, and orientation of the transition dipoles renders it unlikely that any simple method can be used to interpret anisotrophy data without simulation. In particular, it is not possible to determine the extent of bending by fitting the data with the two-exponential approximation used by some investigators in the past.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 977-990 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C-nmr spectra of red seaweed galactans, belonging to the agar and carrageenan groups or having the “intermediate” type of structure, were interpreted on the basis of 13C-nmr spectra of model compounds. Signal assignments have been made for most of the known extreme structures of such galactans. 13C-nmr spectroscopy was shown to be a rapid and convenient method of structural analysis, which permits one to determine the type of galactan structure, the absolute configurations of its constituents (galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose), and the positions of the sulfate and O-methyl groups in a polysaccharide molecule.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dielectric response of human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid in various environments has been studied at microwave frquencies using a resonant microwave cavity as a probe. Both the real and imaginary parts of complex dielectric constant and the loss tangent for hyaluronate solutions are obtained by utilizing equations for perturbation of a resonant cavity. Dielectric changes at room temperature have been observed in aqueous solutions of hyaluronic acid as a function of concentration ranging from 0 to 350 mg/ml. The data indicate the existence of ordered phases in hyaluronate solutions at selective concentrations, that is, exhibiting lyotropic-type transitions. Hyaluronate solutions at 1.5 and 3 mg/ml concentrations have been studied at various pH in the range of 6-8 and at constant ionic strength 0.1. A temperature-dependent transition in hyaluronate solution of 120 mg/ml concentration has been observed at physiological temperature. It is shown that this temperature-dependent behavior can be related to the orientational polarizability term in the Debye theory of polar molecules in liquids.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 945-964 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In 1974, Zimm described a theory which predicts that the sedimentation coefficient of high-molecular-weight DNA will decrease as the rotor speed of measurement increases. In 1979, this theory was revised, and the new formula predicts speed-dependence effects that are substantially smaller than the predictions of the original version. This report describes the results of subjecting both the original and the revised versions of the theory to quantitative tests using a well-defined sucrose-gradient system and a DNA of known molecular weight (T4c DNA). T4c bacteriophage is a mutant, whose DNA contains the unmodified base cytosine, instead of the glucosylated hydroxymethylcytosine characteristic of the T-even bacteriophages, and has a molecular weight of 115 ± 3 × 106. The DNA of the wild-type phage (T4D+) was also used in some experiments.In addition to the quantitative tests, the experiments test for an effect first observed by Rubenstein and Leighton, which showed that the sedimentation coefficient measured for T2 DNA depended on the composition of the centrifuge tube used for the measurement (tube composition effect). It can be inferred from this observation that an interaction occurs between particle and tube wall during sedimentation, and this leads to a reduction in sedimentation velocity independent of the reduction in S described by Zimm's theory.The results show that in the range of 25,000-50,000 rpm, the original but theoretically incorrect form of the theory quite accurately describes the sedimentation behavior of both T4c and T4D+ DNA, although T4D+ was a special case in some respects. The revised (corrected) form of the theory predicts much less of a speed-dependence effect than that actually observed. The discrepancy between corrected theory and observation suggests that other factors (perhaps arising from the use of the swinging bucket rotor geometry) are causing the additional observed reduction in S20,w. However, the experiments show that the tube composition effect does not seem to be one of these.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fixation of cis (NH3)2Cl2Pt(II) to poly(I)·poly(C) leads to the formation of two complexed species. One involves coordination to a single base (accounting for about 70% of the total platinum bound over the rb range 0.07-0.25) and the other to two bases which are not adjacent to each other but may be on the same strand and separated by a loop. Reaction of the platinum compound with poly(I) gives in addition to the above two species a minor one (about 15%, independent of rb over the range 0.05-0.30) in which the platinum is bound to two adjacent bases. The availability of such coordination reduces the dominance of the 1:1 species, which, however, remains the major one (ca. 55%).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1329-1344 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complex of CH3Hg(II) with the accessible cysteines of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD, EC 1.2.1.12) from rabbit muscle has been studied by phosphorescence and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy. The wavelength dependence of the phosphorescence decay kinetics has also been measured. Comparison of CH3Hg(II)-GAPD with GAPD by these methods shows that a specific optically resolved tryptophan site of GAPD is perturbed by the interaction with a nearby mercury atom. The perturbation on the luminescence and ODMR properties is typical of an external heavy-atom effect. Based on the x-ray diffraction structure of the lobster enzyme, it is proposed that the heavy-atom effect results from the interaction of tryptophan-310 with CH3Hg(II) bound to cysteine-281 in the rabbit muscle enzyme.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1415-1434 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The energy of interaction of a spermine molecule with the A- and B-forms of DNA has been calculated, assuming that the molecule of spermine is fixed in the narrow groove of the DNA helix with the formation of hydrogen bonds between the amino groups of spermine and the phosphate groups of DNA. The atom-atom potentials method was used. Optimal structures for the A-DNA-spermine and B-DNA-spermine complexes are suggested. It is shown that, in agreement with the experimental data, the interaction of the spermine molecule with the A-DNA is energetically more favorable than that with the B-DNA. Two main factors are responsible for this: (1) the distance between neighboring phosphates of the chain in A-DNA (which is about 1 Å less than that in B-DNA) corresponds better to the distance between the amino groups of the propyl part of spermine; and (2) the orientation of phosphate groups in A-DNA inside the groove is preferable for complex formation with spermine to the outside groove arrangement of the phosphates in B-DNA. These conclusions are further confirmed by the calculations for DNA-propane diamine complexes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structure of a synthetic analog of valinomycin, cyclo[-(D-Ile-Lac-Ile-D-Hyi)3-] (C60H102N6O18), has been determined by x-ray diffraction procedures. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group P212121, with cell parameters a = 11.516, b = 15.705, c = 39.310 Å, and Z = 4. The atomic coordinates for the C, N, O atoms were refined in the anisotropic thermal motion approximation and for the H atoms in the isotropic approximation. Values of standard (R) and weighted (Rw) reliability factors after refinement are 0.073 and 0.056, respectively. The structure is completely asymmetric. The cyclic molecular backbone is stabilized by six intramolecular hydrogen bonds N—H…O=C, five bonds being of the 4→1 type and one being of the 5→1 type. The side chains are located on the molecular periphery. The conformational state of isoleucinomycin in the crystal is intermediate between the corresponding crystalline states of valinomycin and meso-valinomycin. The observed conformation suggests that complexation could proceed via entry of the ion at the face possessing the L-Lac residues, the less crowded face.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1555-1566 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Possible conformations of lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, related disaccharides, and other milk oligosaccharides have been studied by an energy-minimization procedure using empirical potential functions. Lacto-N-tetraose favors a “curved” conformation, while lacto-N-neotetraose favors an approximately “straight” conformation. These two conformations differ mainly in the position of the terminal galactose residue with respect to the rest of the molecule. This difference explains the greater strength of lacto-N-neotetraose compared with lacto-N-tetraose in its ability to inhibit the cross-reaction of blood group P1 fractions with Type XIV pneumococcal antipolysaccharide. Although the favored conformation of lacto-N-tetraose (inactive) agrees with the model proposed by the earlier workers, that for lacto-N-neotetraose (active) differs. The favored conformations for the disaccharides galactose-β(1-4)-N-acetylglucosamine, galactose-β(1-3)-N-acetylglucosamine, and lactose are similar in overall shape, differing only in the nature and orientation of the side groups. This explains their nearly equal inhibitory activity. These theoretical models also explain the increased activity of lacto-N-fucopentaose I over that of lacto-N-tetraose and the relative activities of the substituted lactoses. The present studies suggest that it is the overall shape of the molecule which is important for activity, rather than the terminal β(1-4)-linked galactose residue alone.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1571-1585 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C spin-lattice relaxation times of poly(L-lysine) have been obtained at 67.9 MHz in aqueous solution and in a mixed solvent (40% methanol/60% water). A concomitant determination of the conformation by CD permits the correlation of conformation and rotational diffusion of the polymer. The dependence on pH of the spin-lattice relaxation times of the 13Cα and the side-chain carbon resonances reflects the diffusional motion in the random-coil conformation, in the helix-coil transition, and in the conformation of the α-helix. In the mixed solvent the reorientational correlation time of the Cα-Hα vector increases from τ = 0.37 nsec (random coil) to τ = 12.0 nsec (α-helix). In aqueous solution the correlation time of this vector increases from τ = 0.33 nsec (random coil) to τ ≫ 11 nsec. The reorientation rates of the side-chain methylene groups in the two solvents are markedly different. The reorientation of all methylene groups is reduced in the mixed solvent.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The solid-state conformation of copolymers of β-benzyl-L-aspartate [L-Asp(OBzl)] with L-leucine (L-Leu), L-alanine (L-Ala), L-valine (L-Val), γ-benzyl-L-glutamate [L-Glu(OBzl)], or ∊-carbobenzoxy-L-lysine (Cbz-L-Lys) has been studied by ir spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD). The ir spectra in the region of the amide I and II bands and in the region of 700-250 cm-1 have been determined. The results from the ir studies are in good agreement with data obtained by CD experiments. Incorporation of the amino acid residues mentioned above into poly[L-Asp(OBzl)] induces a change from the left-handed into the right-handed α-helix. This conformational change for the poly[L-Asp(OBzl)] copolymers was observed in the following composition ranges: L-Leu, 0-15 mol %; L-Ala, 0-32 mol %; L-Val, 0-8 mol %; L-Glu(OBzl), 3-10 mol %; and Cbz-L-Lys, 0-9 mol %.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1667-1673 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dry purified ligamentum nuchae elastin has been investigated for physical aging. The samples were quenched from a temperature (197°C) close to the softening point to a number of measuring temperatures ranging from -20 to +180°C. At each temperature, the small-strain torsional creep properties were determined at a number of elapsed intervals after the quench. Aging effects were found over the whole temperature range, and the creep and aging behavior of elastin turned out to be very similar to that of synthetic polymers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1705-1713 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Covalently closed circular DNA can exist in different configurations known as circular, toroidal, and interwound. Changes among these forms can be made in several ways, including the insertion of dye molecules between adjacent base pairs, which tends to untwist the double-helical structure. The aim of this paper is to discuss these configurations, and the changes among them, in the context of classical elastomechanics. The concepts of twisting, linkage and writhing are explained. Simple experiments on a twisted linear-elastic rod are described, and it is shown that although the circular and interwound forms may be modeled in this way, the toroidal form does not occur, being mechanically unstable. Theoretical energy calculations by Levitt on bent and twisted DNA show that DNA exhibits a particular kind of nonlinear elasticity in which there is an unusual coupling between bending and twisting. The aim of the paper is to show qualitatively that this special kind of elasticity can stabilize the toroidal form of closed circular DNA.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1357-1374 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Light-scattering, viscosity, and sedimentation experiments on aqueous solutions of k-carrageenan show that this sulfated polygalactose is an expanded flexible random coil. This expansion is due to long-range interactions that are predominantly electrostatic. Extrapolation of viscosity data to infinite ionic strength provided values for the intrinsic viscosity which were subjected to the Stockmayer-Fixman analysis, giving a value for the Mark-Houwink coefficient under theta-conditions, Kθ, of 0.27. The characteristic ratio, C∞, under these conditions is 7.8, and the conformation factor σ is 2. In a solution of 0.118 ionic strength, where a Mark-Houwink exponent aη of 0.86 is found, the radii of gyration calculated from viscosity data are lower than those found from the angular dependence of scattered light. On the other hand, the radius of gyration found from the sedimentation rate agrees well with the light-scattering radius. The relations between molecular parameters are corrected for the poly-dispersity of the sample.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1407-1414 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1475-1489 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An approximate analytic expression for the translational friction coefficient of a toroid modeled as a continuous shell of frictional elements is derived using the Kirkwood approximation. The accuracy of this expression was determined by comparing the friction coefficients predicted by it to those predicted by extrapolated shell-model calculations using the modified Oseen tensor. To show that these calculations do indeed yield the correct friction coefficients, actual translational friction coefficients were determined by observing settling rates of macroscopic model rings or toroids in a high-viscosity silicone fluid. Our conclusion is that the approximate expression yields friction coefficients that are about 1.5-3% low for finite rings. For thin rings, a comparison is also made with the exact result of Yamakawa and Yamaki [J. Chem. Phys. 57, 1572 (1972); 58, 2049 (1973)] for the translational friction of plane polygonal rings. This comparison shows that the approximate expression yields results which are low by 2-3% unless the rings are extremely thin, in which case the error is larger. In the limit of an infinitely thin ring the approximate expression reduces to the Kirkwood result [J. Polym. Sci. 12, 1 (1954)], which is low by 8.3%. We discuss briefly how this work may be useful in determining the structure of DNA compacted by various solvent-electrolyte systems and polyamines.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1451-1474 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Internal Brownian motions of clean φ29 and λ-DNAs have been studied using photon-correlation techniques at both visible (λ0 = 632.8 nm) and uv (λ0 = 363.8 nm) wavelengths. The present dynamic light scattering data, which extend to K2 = 19 × 1010 cm-2, can in every case be satisfactorily simulated by a Rouse-Zimm model polymer with an appropriate choice of the three model parameters. The effects of pH, salt concentration, single-strand breaks, and molecular weight on those model parameters have also been investigated. Intact clean DNAs exhibit surprisingly little variation with pH from 7.85 to 10.25, with salt concentration from 0.01 NaCl to 5.4M NH4Cl, or with molecular weight or GC content. The single-strand breaks have no effect at pH 9.46, but produce dramatic changes in the model parameters at pH 10.0 and 10.25, indicating the introduction of titratable joints at those pHs. The failure of either single-strand breaks or a large change in GC content to alter the model parameters in the neutral pH range is a strong indication that local denaturation is not required for those flexions and torsions that dominate the relaxation of fluctuations in the scattered light. The Langevin relaxation time for the slowest internal mode of a particular Rouse-Zimm model derived from the dynamic light scattering data is compared with pertinent literature data extrapolated to the same molecular weight. The present algorithm for determining model parameters from the light-scattering Dapp vs K2 curve actually yields a Langevin time in fairly good agreement with the literature value. For unknown reasons the light-scattering D0 values generally exceed those obtained from the molecular weight and sedimentation coefficient by about 20%.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 1507-1515 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Raman spectra of polyribouridylic acid excited in the uv region, from 363 to 290 nm, are reported. The conformational changes of the polymer from random coil to ordered structure with stacked bases at high and low temperature, respectively, are reflected by important changes in the Raman line intensities; this Raman hypochromism is itself a function of the excitation wavelength - its profile has been determined and shows negative values in the region of 290 nm (near resonance), i.e., hypochromism becomes hyperchromism. Thus the knowledge of the hypochromism excitation profile is important in following order-disorder transition of a polymer using resonance Raman spectroscopy. Theoretical attempts are proposed for explanation, involving not only the relative variations of the molar extinction coefficient on the order-disorder transition of the polymer, but also the damping factors of the vibronic levels. The theoretical curve is found to fit adequately the experimental data over the excitation range, using only the frequency of the O-O transition of uracil and a vibronic linewidth of 2200 cm-1.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 2177-2190 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preferential interaction of sodium poly(α-L-glutamate) and poly(α-L-glutamic acid) with the solvent components in water/2-chloroethanol mixtures has been determined using density-increment measurements. The degree of preferential interaction was deduced from the density increments at constant molality of 2-chloroethanol and at constant chemical potential of 2-chloroethanol. Sodium poly(α-L-glutamate) and poly(α-L-glutamic acid) are both preferentially hydrated in the whole range of solvent composition. A dehydration process occurs during the 2-chloroethanol-induced coil-to-helix transition of sodium poly(α-L-glutamate). This dehydration process was attributed to the release of some moles of water from the neighborhood of the peptide bond during the nucleation of the helix. After the conformational transition, sodium poly(α-L-glutamate) is solvated by one 2-chloroethanol molecule. The location of water and 2-chloroethanol molecules in the different parts of the residue (more polar and less polar portions) is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 2223-2245 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complex formation between tryptamine and mononucleotides and dinucleoside phosphates containing adenine and/or cytosine has been studied at five pD's ranging from 1.1 to 7.4 by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chemical shifts of base ring protons and the ribose anomeric proton in the nucleotides and indole ring protons in tryptamine were monitored and their changes with pD and intermolecular interactions interpreted qualitatively. Stacked complexes were found to exist at all pD's in the range studied. Complex geometries differ depending on pD. An electrostatic interaction between the tryptamine amino group and the nucleotide phosphate group contributes to complex formation above pD 4 but is not strong enough to shift the dinucleoside phosphate equilibrium towards the unstacked conformer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 169-185 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The IR data for the R1 CO-O-CHR2-CO-NHR3 derivatives are interpreted in terms of a H…π interaction involving the N—H bond and the π orbitals of the ester function and giving rise to a high ν(C=O) frequency and a low ν frequency. The resulting molecular conformation corresponds to the angular values φ # -90°, ψ # 0°. The H…π interaction in MeCO-L-Lac-NHMe is highly destabilized by water and aprotic solvents but is retained in methanol. Considering the high ν(C=O) ester or amide frequency of the middle function in β-folded depsipeptide or peptide sequences, it may be supposed that the residue indexed i + 2 in β turns experiences a H…π interaction which has a stabilizing effect on β turns. Some examples concerning valinomycin and some model compounds are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 251-268 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The difference between the theories of Manning, on the one hand, and of Odijk and Skolnick and Fixman, on the other, for the polyelectrolyte contribution to the persistence length of DNA is shown to arise entirely from a subtle geometrical error in the theory of Manning. The corrected theory of Manning predicts a negligible polyelectrolyte contribution in 1.0M NaCl and only 33 Å in 0.01M NaCl, thus giving a change in total persistence length by a factor of only 1.07 over that range, in agreement with Odijk. Pertinent data in the literature indicate that the persistence length must change by a factor of ≤ 1.6 between 1.0 and 0.01M NaCl, and very likely by less than a factor of 1.4. Evidently, the intrinsic rigidity of the uncharged double-strand filament dominates the bending rigidity at NaCl concentrations above 0.01M.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structures of L-3,4-dehydroproline, t-butoxycarbonyl-L-3,4-dehydroproline amide, and acetyl-L-3,4-dehydroproline amide have been determined. L-3,4-Dehydroproline is orthorhombic with a = 16.756, b = 5.870, c = 5.275 Å, and Z = 4; t-butoxycarbonyl-L-3,4-dehydroproline amide is orthorhombic with a = 6.448, b = 8.602, c = 21.710 Å, and Z = 4; acetyl-L-3,4-dehydroproline amide is monoclinic with a = 4.788, b = 10.880, c = 7.785 Å, β = 105.25°, and Z = 2. The final R value for the L-3,4-dehydroproline is 0.046 based on 529 reflections; for t-butoxycarbonyl-L-3,4-dehydroproline amide, 0.050 based on 792 reflections; and for acetyl-L-3,4-dehydroproline amide, 0.058 based on 632 reflections. The structures clearly establish that the free amino acid exists in the zwitterionic form in the crystalline state. The molecular conformations of the t-Boc and acetyl derivatives consist of two planes: one involving the primary amide and the other the remaining atoms of the molecule. The acetyl-L-3,4-dehydroproline amide contains a tertiary amide bond in the cis conformation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a cis bond in an acetyl derivative of an amino acid or peptide. At variance with the previously reported proline amides, which present φ and ψ values corresponding to those of a right-handed α-helical conformation (conformation A), the t-Boc and acetyl derivatives both have φ and ψ values corresponding to a collagenlike conformation (conformation F).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 359-371 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of thermally denatured Type I collagen has been studied using laser light scattering. The results indicate that the diffusion coefficients of α-chains and β- and γ-components are 1.550 ± 0.08 × 10-7, 1.000 ± 0.05 × 10-7, and 0.835 ± 0.04 × 10-7 cm2/sec, respectively, at temperatures between 20 and 40°C. It is concluded from diffusion data that these species have hydrodynamic radii of about 13.8 nm (α-chain), 21.5 nm (β-component), and 25.7 nm (γ-component), consistent with previous studies of thermal denaturation by light scattering. It is also concluded, based on volume calculations, that a large volume increase occurs when the triple helix unfolds. Homodyne correlation functions for two component mixtures of α-chains and β-and γ-components appeared to decay exponentially. In all but one case discussed the correlation function could be fitted with a single component having a translational diffusion coefficient which was an intensity weighted average of the diffusion coefficient of each component present.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 387-397 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Circular dichroic spectra and oscillator strengths of the π-π transition near 190 nm are calculated for helical (Gly)6 and (Ala)6 at 30° intervals of the backbone torsion angles (φ,ψ) over the range -180° ≤ φ ≤ -60°, -60° ≤ ψ ≤ 180°, using the partially dispersive normal mode treatment of the dipole interaction model. Polarizabilities of atoms and the NC′O group are those determined semiempirically in previous studies. Calculations for (Ala)6 at (φ,ψ) angles corresponding to the α-helix, the poly(Pro) II helix, a collagen single helix, a poly-(MeAla) helix, and single β-helices are found to agree well with most of the available experimental data.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction of the fluorinated antimalarial drug fluoroquine [7-fluoro-4-(diethyl-amino-1-methylbutylamino)quinoline] with DNA, tRNA, and poly(A) has been investigated by optical absorption, fluorescence, and 19F-nmr chemical-shift and relaxation methods. Optical absorption and fluorescence experiments indicate that fluoroquine binds to nucleic acids in a similar manner to that of its well-known analog chloroquine. At low drug-to-base pair ratios, binding of both drugs appears to be random. Fluoroquine and chloroquine also elevate the melting temperature (Tm) of DNA to a comparable extent. Binding of fluoroquine to DNA, tRNA, or poly(A) results in a downfield shift of about 1.5 ppm for the 19F-nmr resonance. The chemical shift of free fluoroquine depends on the isotopic composition of the solvent (D2O vs H2O). The solvent isotope shift is virtually eliminated by fluoroquine binding to any one of the nucleic acids. 19F-nmr relaxation experiments were carried out to measure the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1), 19F{1H} nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE), off-resonance intensity ratio (R), off-resonance rotating-frame spin-lattice relaxation time (T1ρoff), and linewidth for fluoroquine in the nucleic acid complexes. By accounting for intramolecular proton-fluorine dipolar and chemical-shift anisotropy contributions to the fluorine relaxation, all of the relaxation parameters for the fluoroquine-DNA complex can be well described by a motional model incorporating long-range DNA bending on the order of a microsecond and an internal motion of the drug on the order of a nanosecond. Selective NOE experiments indicate that the fluorine in the drug is near the ribose protons in the RNA complexes, but not in the DNA complex. Details of the binding evidently differ for the two types of nucleic acids. This study provides the foundation for an investigation of fluoroquine in intact cells.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Empirical conformational energy calculations have been carried out for N-methyl derivatives of alanine and phenylalanine dipeptide models and N-methyl-substituted active analogs of three biologically active peptides, namely thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), enkephalin (ENK), and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). The isoenergetic contour maps and the local dipeptide minima obtained, when the peptide bond (ω) preceding the N-methylated residue is in the trans configuration show that (1) N-methylation constricts the conformational freedom of both the ith and (i + 1)th residues; (2), the lowest energy position for both residues occurs around φ = -135° ± 5° and ψ = 75° ± 5°, and (3) the αL conformational state is the second lowest energy state for the (i + 1)th residue, whereas for the ith residue the C5 (extended) conformation is second lowest in energy. When the peptide bond (ωi) is in the cis configuration the ith residue is energetically forbidden in the range φ = 0° to 180° and ψ = -180° to +180°. Conformations of low energy for ωi = 0° are found to be similar to those obtained for the trans peptide bond. In all the model systems (irrespective of cis or trans), the αR conformational state is energetically very high. Significant deviations from planarity are found for the peptide bond when the amide hydrogen is replaced by a methyl group. Two low-energy conformers are found for [(N-Me)His2]TRH. These conformers differ only in the φ and ψ values at the (N-Me)His2 residue. Among the different low-energy conformers found for each of the ENK analogs [D-Ala2,(N-Me)Phe4, Met5]ENK amide and [D-Ala2,(N-Me)Met5]ENK amide, one low-energy conformer was found to be common for both analogs with respect to the side-chain orientations. The stability of the low-energy structures is discussed in the light of the activity of other analogs. Two low-energy conformers were found for [(N-Me)Leu7]LHRH. These conformations differ in the types of bend around the positions 6 and 7 of LHRH. One bend type is eliminated when the active analog [D-Ala6,(M-Me)Leu7]LHRH is considered.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Based on steric and electrostatic considerations, the prerequisites for binding to DNA via the intercalation mechanism are proposed. Steric contour energy curves are presented to demonstrate the region inaccessible to an intercalant. They are calculated with a 6-n (n = 14) potential. This method is a soft potential analog of an excluded-volume approach. Electrostatic contours on the steric surface illustrate the relatively positive and negative regions of the binding site. The principal intercalation sites, predicted to fit into B-DNA via a tetramer-duplex unit, and the unconstrained dimer-duplex units, obtained in crystal structures, are examined. These contours illustrate the requirements of size, conformation, and net atomic charges necessary for intercalation and optimum binding. Based on the limited space available for intercalation by the presence of the backbone and the maximum base-pair separation of 8.25 Å, an Essential Metabolite Exclusion Hypothesis is presented.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 345-357 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In carbonate buffer at pH 10.5, a transparent solution of poly(L-lysine HBr) was obtained up to fairly high concentration of 3 g/dl at room temperature. The hydrodynamic behavior of the solution has been studied by sedimentation analyses and viscosity measurements. A dimer form for high concentrations and a monomer form for low concentrations were inferred. The dimer and monomer forms were assigned to a β-structure and α-helix, respectively, based on the CD and optical rotary dispersion spectra. Using CD spectroscopy, a reversible transition between α-helix and β-structure was observed as a function of either poly(L-lysine HBr) concentration or temperature. An aggregated form which was assigned to the antiparallel pleated sheet appeared at 50°C on the basis of its ir spectrum.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 707-718 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Observations of induced circular dichroism (CD) bands in chloroform solution demonstrate the formation of specific, asymmetric complexes of the aromatic ligands 2-pyridone and 2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid with cyclic dipeptides of the general formula cyclo(L-Pro-X). The induced CD changes sign with the configuration of X due to subtle influences of the side chain on the geometry of the complex. Computations of interaction energies suggest that a plausible model for the complex of an aromatic ligand with the -CONH- of the cis secondary amide is a nearly planar arrangement of six heavy atoms in a ring containing two hydrogen bonds. The observed CD is matched by that computed for a tilt of the aromatic ligand toward the side chain of X. Binding constants were determined from the induced CD as a function of ligand concentration. For dichlorobenzoic acid these are about 450m-1 for the secondary amide and 50m-1 for the tertiary amide. For pyridone the binding constant is about 45m-1 for either the secondary or tertiary amide. For comparison self-dimerization constants determined by vapor-pressure osmometry in chloroform solution at 25°C are 870, 350, 50, and 20m-1 for pyridone, benzoic acid, dichlorobenzoic acid, and cyclo(L-Pro-Gly), respectively.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 803-816 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Proton and phosphorus nmr have been used to investigate the double-helical structures of polyriboadenylic acid [poly(A)] formed in acidic solutions (pH 〈 6). The results obtained at low pH (∼4.5) are consistent with the model for the acid poly(A) double helix proposed by Rich [Rich, A., Davies, D. R., Crick, F. H. C. & Watson, J. D. (1961) J. Mol. Biol. 3, 71-86]. Other models that have been proposed are inconsistent with the nmr data. The nmr measurements have also been used to examine the conformation of poly(A) helix in the half-protonated state. Although the base-stacking arrangement of this state is similar to that observed in the more extensively protonated low-pH state, the phosphate backbone conformation is different from that found in either the neutral or low-pH structures.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of the near-uv CD spectrum of lysozyme was carried out in the presence and absence of the inhibitor tri-N-acetylglucosamine, and theoretical chiroptical calculations based on the tetragonal crystal structure of the enzyme and the enzyme-inhibitor complex were performed. The results of these calculations indicate that the near-uv CD spectrum of lysozyme can be adequately explained in terms of negative rotatory strengths arising from the tryptophan 1La (293-300 nm) and the disulfide n-σ* bands (250 rm), and positive rotatory strength contributions from the tryptophan 1Lb bands (291 nm) and the tyrosine 1Lb bands (275 nm). Contributions to the rotatory strength of each band were approximated in terms of specific interactions between chromophores. It was found that the rotatory strength of most of the near-uv transitions arises primarily from coupling interactions involving other side-chain chromophores and amide groups which are in close proximity. Changes which are observed in the lysozyme CD spectrum on binding of tri-N-acetylglucosamine may be explained in terms of changes in the rotatory strength which result from interactions of the 1La transitions of the active-site tryptophans with the acetamide groups of the inhibitor. The reasonable agreement which is found between the experimental and calculated rotatory strengths implies that the crystal conformation of lysozyme must resemble the solution conformation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 39-51 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We studied the effects of some organic cosolvents (monohydric alcohols and amides) on the reaction of hemoglobin with oxygen. We present evidence showing that our data can be analyzed within the framework of the Monod-Wyman-Changeux model and that the main effect of cosolvents is to alter the T ⇄ R conformational equilibrium of hemoglobin, without significantly affecting the intrinsic oxygen dissociation constants. Following a previously described phenomenological approach, the overall effects have been separated into effects related to the variation of the bulk dielectric constant of the solvent and effects not related to the variation of this constant.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 65-88 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spectroscopic properties (uv, CD, nmr) of histidine, glycylhistidine, histidylglycine, glycylhistidylglycine have been investigated in water and methanol in the temperature range 200-320 K in order to obtain information about their conformational equilibria. This analysis has been carried out for the different ionic forms of the compounds, in order to evaluate the influence of the ionization state of the carboxyl, histidyl, and amino groups on the rotamer distribution of the histidyl side chain (as evaluated from proton nmr analysis) and on the overall molecule (as judged from CD spectra). On the basis of certain approximations and from the temperature dependence of the proton nmr resonance, the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° and ΔS°) characterizing the conformational equilibrium of the hystidyl side chain have been evaluated for the different structures and ionization states. Relatively large entropy differences between the rotamers are obtained in some cases. The data of the sidechain rotamer population, as determined by nmr, have been analytically correlated with the CD data, and in the case of hystidine and histidylglycine in basic solution, first-approximation values for the ellipticity of the single conformers have been evaluated. Finally, in the example of glycylhistidine and histidylglycine in basic solution, it is shown how the data obtained from the different experimental approaches (nmr and CD), as well as from theoretical energy calculations, converge to characterize the most stable conformation in solution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photon-correlation spectroscopy is a powerful technique for measuring the translational diffusion coefficient of particles and macromolecules in solution. In the study described here, this technique was used to analyze a specific dimerization process involving the association of two tRNA molecules through complementary anticodons. The tRNAs used in the analysis were E. coli tRNA2Glu and yeast tRNAPhe. The experimental data on the concentration dependence of the observed diffusion constants are shown to agree well with theoretical predictions. From these data, the equilibrium constant of the association reaction was determined for dimers formed over a wide range of temperatures and in several different solution conditions. In solutions of 0.1M ionic strength at 22°C, the equilibrium constants vary from 1 × 105M-1 in the absence of magnesium to 1.5 × 106M-1 in 10 mM Mg+2. The enthalpy and entropy changes for dimer formation in the absence and presence, 5 and 10 mM, of magnesium have been obtained from the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant. The results show that both ΔH and ΔS contribute to the free energy of binding and that their relative contributions are similar for each solution condition evaluated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 231-235 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 237-240 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 243-247 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A conformational quantum-mechanical study of (Gly-Phe-Pro) and (Gly-Pro-Phe) repeating tripeptide sequences has been carried out with the PCILO method. Using appropriate molecules as a model, we investigated the conformational possibilities of each in situ residue. Computations have been done taking into account the two typical pyrrolidine ring puckering and the most favorable orientations of the phenylalanyl side chain. Major conclusions drawn from this study are that the phenylalanyl can be accommodated at both second and third positions in the sequence without preventing the formation of triple-helix conformation. However, the analogy observed between the rotational possibilities around the second residue of Gly-Pro-Pro and Gly-Phe-Pro indicates that phenylalanyl in the second position favors the triple-helix formation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 327-343 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of the nucleosome core particle in solution has been studied by neutron scattering using the full-contrast variation technique, which reduces the experimental spectra to three fundamental scatter functions holding information on shape and structure. Systematic calculations of the fundamental scatter functions expected from proposed core-particle models have been compared with the observed functions and show that the neutron-scattering criteria severely restrict the number of models which can be valid for the structure in solution. The best model for the core particle in solution has a hydrophobic histone core about which 1.7 ± 0.1 turns of DNA are wrapped at a pitch between 3.0 and 3.5 nm. This core contains most of the histone and has an average thickness of 4 nm and diameter 6.4-7.5 nm. While solution scattering is not able to specify uniquely the actual shape of the core to high resolution, all models which are possible for the shape of the core to a resolution justified by the data have been considered. It is clear that cylindrical or wedge shapes compatible with the above dimensions are valid structures. A hole probably penetrates the histone core, but the data do not allow a diameter greater than 1 nm. Available evidence suggests that about a quarter of the total histone is outside the core.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relationship between published vicinal proton-proton coupling constants and the pseudorotation properties of the pyrrolidine ring in L-proline, 4-hydroxy-L-proline, 4-fluoro-L-proline, and several linear and cyclic model proline peptides is investigated. Compared to earlier studies, several important improvements are incorporated: (1) a new empirical generalization of the classical Karplus equation is utilized, which allows a valid correction for the effects of electronegativity and orientation of substitutents on 3JHH; (2) an empirical correlation between proton-proton torsion angles and the pseudorotational parameters P and τm is derived; and (3) the best fit of the conformational parameters to the experimental coupling constants is obtained by means of a computerized iterative least-squares procedure. Two pseudorotation ranges were considered, classified as type N (χ2 positive sign) and type S (χ2 negative sign). The conformational equilibrium is fully described in terms of four geometrical parameters (PN, τN, PS, τS) and the equilibrium constant K. The present results indicate that, in general, the geometrical properties found in x-ray studies of proline and hydroxyproline residues are well preserved in solution. Several novel features are encountered, however. It is demonstrated that the proline ring occurs in a practically 1:1 conformational equilibrium between well-defined N- and S-type forms. Introduction of an amide group at the C-terminal end has no observable effect on this equilibrium, but the formation of a peptide bond at the imino nitrogen site results in a pronounced, but not exclusive, preference for an S-type form which is roughly 1.1 kcal/mol more stable than its N-type counterpart. The hydroxyproline ring system in neutral or acidic medium displays a pure N-type state, but N-acetylation results in the appearance of a minor (S-type) conformation. Cyclic proline dipeptides similarly exist in a biased conformational equilibrium. The major form (77-88%) corresponds to the N-type conformer observed in the solid state; the minor S-form has not been observed before. In contrast, cyclic hydroxyproline dipeptides display complete conformational purity. Ranges of endocyclic torsion angles deduced for the various classes of pyrrolidine derivatives in solution are presented. Each torsion appears confined to a surprisingly narrow range, comprising about 4°-8° in most cases. In all, the proline ring is far less “floppy” than hitherto assumed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Measurement of the equilibrium distribution of persistence length fragments of DNA in high concentration in the ultracentrifuge shows that the reduced osmotic pressure rises much faster than linearly. From analysis of the data in terms of the Zimm cluster integral we infer that the net interactions between helices are purely repulsive at all distances. A theoretical equation of state derived from scaled particle theory with one adjustable parameter is in excellent agreement with the experimental data so long as the salt concentration is not excessively low. The parameter represents the hard-core radius in a simplified approximation to the potential function for the electrostatic repulsion between helices. Its value depends on the salt concentration, and it shrinks at high salt to a radius in close agreement with direct structural estimates. At a particular value of the osmotic pressure that is only slightly salt dependent, the solution undergoes a reversible transition to a denser, turbid, optically anisotropic phase. The relation between DNA volume fraction, including the electrostatic radius, at the transition point and the effective asymmetry of the molecules as a function of salt is in approximate correspondence with various theoretical treatments. However, the experimental function extrapolates to the correct limit for spherical particles. The work needed to bring DNA to a high concentration is estimated. The results suggest that the phase transition is first order.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 2121-2136 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This report presents a quantitative test of the ability of the counterion condensation theory to describe the proton-induced lowering of DNA melting temperature. From a general approach of Record et al. [Record, M. T., Anderson, C. F. & Lohman, T. H. (1978) Q. Rev. Biophys. 11, 103-178], we have obtained an expression that may be computer-fitted to the experimental data by numerical minimization of χ2. To do this, in addition to the assumptions made by Record et al., it was necessary to suppose that the interchange between protons and sodium is independent of pH and, due to the absence of data, take the enthalpies of protonation as thermally independent over the experimental temperature range. The dependences of the enthalpy of denaturation at neutral pH on sodium concentration and on G + C content were taken from literature. In the fitting process we have used 250 melting temperatures obtained at different pH and sodium concentrations for various natural DNAs. The theoretical expression gives a good quantitative description of the G + C and sodium concentration influences on the phenomenon but is only qualitative with respect to the dependence of dT/d log[Na+] on the pH. The adjusted pK values for the bases in denatured DNA agree with those for isolated deoxynucleosides. Interchange between sodium and protons is found to be less than 1:1. Calculated protonation enthalpies are ill-defined because of their low numerical influence. In short, it appears that the theory gives a good description of most of the aspects of the phenomenon even if it has some shortcomings, perhaps due to the great number of assumptions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 2137-2142 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We studied the kinetics of replacement of O2 by CO in hemoglobin in the presence and absence of organic cosolvents (methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, n-propanol, formamide, acetamide, N-methyl-formamide) and at 10 and 25°C. Quantitative analysis of the results indicates that these cosolvents do not affect the intrinsic binding constants of ligands to the heme when hemoglobin is in the R conformation. The present results confirm the previously reported suggestion that the effects of the above cosolvents on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin are related to effects on the T ⇄ R conformational equilibrium.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 2195-2202 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparations have been made of acid-soluble collagens whose telopeptides have suffered different levels of proteolytic attack. The collagens with more intact telopeptides form fibrils more rapidly than those with degraded telopeptides. In addition, we have shown that a high molecular weight aggregate rich in the carboxyterminal CNBr peptide, α1CB6, can be found in cyanogen bromide digests of fibrils formed from intact collagen. A similar aggregate is found in CNBr digests of native tendons. The aggregate formed in fibrils assembled in vitro can be stabilized by reduction, and its generation is strongly dependent on the presence of intact telopeptides. The latter point is the most objective evidence that to reproduce the characteristics of native fibrils in vitro, the collagen telopeptides must be preserved from proteolysis.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 2225-2241 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present an alternative to the common lattice model for nonspecific DNA-protein interactions by using ligands that translate freely along the polynucleotide instead of binding to distinct lattice sites along the polynucleotide chain. The general model we present corresponds to a one-dimensional continuum gas and is referred to as the “continuum model” to distinguish it from the general lattice model. Explicit expressions are obtained for the binding isotherm equation for two version of the continuum model, including the effects of binding-site exclusion and attractions between bound ligands. Theoretical results are compared to those obtained from the McGhee-von Hippel (1974) analysis of the lattice model with cooperative interactions between ligands occupying more than one lattice site. Practical applications of the continuum model are illustrated by analyzing (i) the noncooperative binding to single-stranded DNA by RNase (Jensen and von Hippel, 1976), and (ii) the highly cooperative binding to poly(rA) by a proteolyzed fragment of the gene 32 protein of phage T4 (Lonberg et al., 1981).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of water and its interaction energy with a fragment of B-DNA composed of 12 base pairs and of the corresponding 24 sugar and 22 phosphate units and Na+ ions (one at each phosphate group) are analyzed using Monte Carlo simulations. The sample of water molecules, at the simulated temperature of 300 K, is composed of 447 water molecules. The results are discussed either in terms of statistical analyses over the 2,000,000 simulated conformations (after equilibration) or with reference to an “average configuration.” Comparison is made to a simulation previously presented for the same system but without counterions. Isotherm at different relative humidity, hydration, and reactivity scales for different sites, the hydration number at each site, the structure of intraphosphate and interphosphate hydrogen-bonded filaments of water are reported and discussed. The stabilization of the B-conformation induced by the solvent with counterion (“ion-induced compression effect”) is analyzed on the base of the above findings. A preliminary model to predict conformational transition in DNA is presented. The analyses reported are very detailed to allow refined interpretations of spectroscopic (infrared, Raman, and nmr) and scattering (x-ray and neutron beam) data on DNA insolution.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformational response of calf thymus DNA to solvent conditions altered by varying amounts of ethanol and NaCl has been monitored by circular dichroism (CD). These measurements, which extend over a much greater range of conditions than previously examined, reveal (above critical concentrations of ethanol and salt) a condensed form of the macro-molecule with unusually large positive ellipticity in the 250-300-nm region [the Ψ(+) state]. Mere increase in NaCl concentration at constant 35% (v/v) concentration of ethanol suffices to convert such Ψ(+) samples - via a series of intermediate forms with CD spectra resembling those of A-DNA, then B-DNA - into Ψ(-) states having anomalously large negative ellipticity similar to the well-known Ψ(-) forms produced by above-critical concentrations of poly-(ethylene oxide) and salt. These ethanol/salt-induced transitions are all completely reversible and can occur without formation of any visible precipitates. We suggest that they represent predominantly tertiary structural changes of B-form DNA molecules analogous to the changes which occur in several other systems where Ψ(+) ⇌ Ψ(-) interconversion has been reported. A “skein-of-yarn” model for the condensed tertiary (and quaternary, i.e., aggregated) state of the DNA affords one possible explanation for the inversions of ellipticity in all these cases. Such a model accords well with the accepted description of cholesteric liquid crystals.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 17-24 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Computer simulation shows that the time required to attain near sedimentation equilbrium is dramatically reduced by a two-step initial loading in which a macromolecular solution at low or zero concentration is layered above one at a higher concentration. To achieve the minimum time requires a good estimate of the molecular weight, but at least a 50% reduction in time can be achieved if the molecular weight of the macromolecule is known only within a factor of 2. Numerical solutions to the differential equation of the ultracentrifuge are calculated using the finite element method. An efficient Gaussian elimination algorithm can be used to minimize calculation time and computer storage requirements.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 79-88 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aldehydes present in acid-soluble type I collagen react with pyrenebutyrylhydrazine to form various types of complexes under different reaction conditions. These complexes exhibit one or more of three different pyrene fluorescence bands: monomer, excimer, and aggregate fluorescence. Collagen, whose aldehydes have been reduced with NaBH4, does not react with this fluorescent hydrazine, confirming that the hydrazine reacts specifically with aldehyde groups to form hydrazones. The absence of a reaction with pepsin-treated collagen also shows that the fluorescent labels are primarily in the nonhelical terminal telopeptides. Upon dialysis, the pyrene label bound to a saturated aldehyde in an α-chain is lost; whereas that bound to an unsaturated aldehyde remains on the protein. The pyrene monomer fluorescence in the β-chain of old collagen is stronger than that of young collagen. The formation of the pyrene excimer fluorescence implies the proximity of two pyrene molecules, probably attached to two adjacent aldehydes. Upon changing from acidic to neutral pH, both excimer and aggregate fluorescence bands disappear within a few seconds, revealing a very rapid alteration at the telopeptides.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 147-157 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe conditions which lead to complete helix formation of poly(I) in the presence of NH4+. Binding of NH4+ is shown to be specific in the presence of Li+, which does not by itself support helix formation under these conditions. The NH4+-poly(I) complex is characterized by uv, CD, and ir spectroscopy. The CD spectrum is strikingly different from those of the Na+ or K+ complexes, the first extremum being changed from negative for the metal ions to positive for NH4+. A stereospecific model is proposed for the NH4+-poly(I) helix in which the N of NH4+ is located on the axis of the four-stranded helix, midway between planar tetramers formed by the bases. The model is consistent with the tetrahedral symmetry of NH4+, the requirement for four acceptable hydrogen bonds, the observed stability of the helix, and the accepted geometry of the backbone.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 159-167 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It has recently been proven that the counterion condensate around an isolated line charge in an electrolyte, as characterized by nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann theory, is an encapsulating δ-function. Here the identical result is shown to hold in the framework of the polyelectrolyte theory of Fuoss, Katchalsky, and Lifson. The proof fully exploits analytic solutions to the differential equation which are not available for the nonlinear, cylindrical Poisson-Boltzmann equation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 203-218 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The extent and modes of binding of the divalent metal ions Mn2+ and Co2+ to DNA and the effects of salt on the binding have been studied by measurements of the effects of these paramagnetic metal ions on the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates of the protons of the solvent water molecules, a technique that is sensitive to overall binding. The number of water molecules coordinated to the DNA-bound Mn2+ and Co2+ is found to be between five and six, and the electron spin relaxation times and the electron-nuclear hyperfine constants associated with Mn2+ and Co2+ are little or not affected by the binding. These observations indicate little disturbance of the hydration sphere of Mn2+ and Co2+ upon binding to DNA. An average 2-3-fold reduction in the exchange rate of the water of hydration of the bound metal ions and an order-of-magnitude increase in their rotational correlation time are attributed to hydrogen-bond formation with the DNA. The binding constants of Mn2+ to DNA, at metal concentrations approaching zero, are found to be inversely proportional to the second power of the salt concentration, in agreement with the predictions of Manning's polyelectrolyte theory. A remarkable quantitative agreement with the polyelectrolyte theory is also obtained for the anticooperativity in the binding of Mn2+ to DNA, although the experimental results can be well accounted for by another simple electrostatic model. The various modes of binding of divalent metal ions to DNA are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 265-275 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dc electrical conductivity of films of the polyelectrolyte complexes of glycol chitosan (GlChi) with the sodium salts of dextran sulfate (DS), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polygalacturonic acid (GalUA)n, and alginic acid (AlgA) was measured at temperatures above and below room temperature. The maximum field strength in the thinnest film used amounted to 3 × 104 V/cm. A plot of normalized current against the reciprocal of the absolute temperature revealed two regions with different slopes, and activation energies in these two regions have been obtained for all the complexes. The activation energies in the high-temperature region vary from 0.85 to 1.18 eV and in the low-temperature region from 0 to 0.22 eV. Reasons are given to show that the conductivity is probably ionic. Near room temperature, the current-voltage relation is almost linear in the GlChi-DS complex, while in the other three complexes the current varies as a power n of the voltage with the value of n ranging from 1.7 to 2.5. A rise in temperatures causes an increase in the slope of the log I vs log V plot in GlChi-DS and GlChi-CMC complexes. The nonlinear current-voltage relation is ascribed to a space-charge-limited conductivity.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 301-319 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Five different glucomannan samples were recrystallized from dilute solution. Depending on the experimental conditions, the crystals obtained could be identified as corresponding to the mannan I (anhydrous precipitate of more or less regular lozenge-shaped crystals) or mannan II (hydrated gel-forming pseudo-fibrillar precipitate). High-molecular-weight material, low temperature of crystallization, or a polar crystallization medium favored the mannan II polymorph, whereas a low-molecular weight, a high temperature of crystallization, and a crystallization medium of low polarity yielded the mannan I polymorph. Since the base-plane unit-cell dimensions are fairly constant with respect to variation of glucose, it is likely that isomorphous replacement of mannose by glucose occurs in glucomannan crystallization; the data also indicate that perfection of the glucomannan crystals was reduced in specimens having a high glucose:mannose ratio. The oriented crystallization of glucomannan on cellulose microfibrils was also studied under conditions where the mannan I polymorph was obtained. This gave shish-kebab structures that were characterized.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The primary hydration process of native biopolymers is analyzed in a brief review of the literature, pertaining to various aspects of biopolymer-water systems. Based on this analysis, a hydration model is proposed that implies that the solution conformation of native biopolymers is stable at and above a critical degree of hydration (hp′ = 0.06-0.1 g H2O/g polymer). This water content corresponds to the fraction of strongly bound water, and amounts to ∼20% of the primary hydration sphere. In order to test this model, detailed sorption-desorption scanning experiments were performed on a globular protein (α-chymotrypsin). The results obtained are consistent with the proposed hydration model. They show that under certain experimental conditions, sorption isotherms can be obtained that do not exhibit hysteresis. These data represent equilibrium conditions and are thus accessible to thermodynamic treatment. Valid thermodynamic functions, pertinent to the interaction of water with biopolymers in their solution state, can be obtained from these sorption experiments.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 451-458 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The light scattering of bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been measured at protein concentration up to 90 g/L and at pH values between 4.4 and 7.6. The dependence of scattering on both protein concentration and pH may be quantitatively accounted for by a simple extension of the hard-sphere model for protein solutions [Ross, P. D. & Minton, A. P. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 112, 437-452] allowing for electrostatic repulsions between molecules. According to the extended model, the radius of the effective hard spherical particle representing BSA varies with the net electrical charge of the BSA molecule in a manner which may be calculated from electrostatic theory.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 475-497 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A complete analysis of all possible conformations with correct hydrogen bonds of the collagen II type was performed on the basis of developed simultaneous equations. Using a unimodal search (by varying Ψ3), the energetically favorable structure was obtained. No other energetically satisfactory structural solutions are possible. The next aim was to obtain a precise model of the molecule. The program used includes a subroutine for continual deformation of the pyrrolidine rings. The set of parameters determining the structure consists of 14 independent variables (8 dihedral and 6 bond angles). As starting points for the energy optimization, conformations produced by scanning and some structures from previous work were used. The final structures (practically the same for both polymers) have helix parameters h = 0.285 nm and t = 52°, which are in excellent agreement with the 7/2 symmetry of diffraction data. The conformations of the pyrrolidine rings are of the B type, i.e., C2-Cβ-exo-Cγ-endo. For both polypeptides, the conformations of imino acids in position 3 of the triplet are the same; in position 2, however, they are slightly different. The difference in diffraction patterns for the 7/2 and 10/3 helices is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...