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  • General Chemistry  (9,374)
  • PROPULSION SYSTEMS
  • SPACE RADIATION
  • 1980-1984  (5,201)
  • 1970-1974  (8,168)
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Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-12-06
    Description: Apollo 12 solar wind spectrometer and particle energy spectra at lunar surface
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER APOLLO 12- PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1 JUN. 1970; P 75-81
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The range and Doppler radio tracking close to the sun made it possible to measure solar plasma dynamics. These were measured by means of a method known as differenced range versus integrated Doppler, which exploits the opposite change of group and phase velocity as the plasma density changes along the radio raypath. A simple solar plasma propagation model is proposed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 105-110
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Design and characteristics of supersonic cruise inlets
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 283-312
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Apollo 12 solar wind experiment and He-4 data
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER APOLLO 12- PRELIM. SCI. REPT. 1 JUN. 1970; P 99-102
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The GE experiment consisted of two types of detectors: plastics and glasses located in panel 2 and the lower half of panel 3. In panel 2, the entire exposed detector area of 14.7 by 22.6 cm was composed of 31 sheets of 0.025-cm polycarbonate plastic 9070-112. In panel 3, 39 sheets of 0.02-cm cellulose triacetate with no plasticizer made up the major volume fraction. The lower part of panel 3 contained five types of glass detectors. Particles that entered the array after it was folded were recognized, if they crossed from one sheet to another, by means of a 2-mm relative shift of alternate sheets.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: During the Apollo 16 mission, a solar flare produced an enormous amount of low-energy nuclei, many orders of magnitude greater than the level inferred from studies of tracks in the window of the Apollo 12 spacecraft during a time when the sun was quiet. The differential energy spectrum of nuclei with Z less than or equal to 6 falls by seven orders of magnitude over the interval from 0.1 to 20 MeV/nucleon, then remains almost flat up to approximately 100 MeV/nucleon. The two parts correspond to contributions from the sun and from galactic cosmic rays. Any maximum in the spectrum occurs below the lowest energy studied.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 8 p
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: All mineral detectors exposed on Apollo 16 had high surface track densities probably produced by a solar flare that occurred during the mission. The heavy ions followed a power law spectrum with exponent approximately 3 down to approximately 200 KeV/nucleon. The abundance of low-energy particle tracks observed in this flare may explain the high track densities observed in lunar dust grains. Pristine heavy-particle tracks in feldspar give long tracks. Shallow pits similar to those expected from extremely heavy solar wind ions were observed in about the expected number. Initial results give a low apparent value of neutron albedo relative to theory.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 14 p
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Small rocket engine tests were conducted for the purpose of obtaining pulse performance data to aid in preliminary design and evaluation of attitude control systems. Both monopropellant and hypergolic bipropellant engines of thrust levels from 5 to 445 N (1 to 100 lb) were tested. The performance data for the hypergolic propellant rockets are compared with theoretical performance calculated from idealized chamber filling and evacuation characteristics. Electromechanical delays in valve response and heat transfer characteristics were found to cause substantial deviation between theoretical performance and test performance. The theoretical analysis is modified to obtain a semiempirical model for hypergolic propellant rockets.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Res. Achievements Rev., Vol. 4, No. 6; p 61-74
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  • 9
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: An evaluation is presented of J-2 engine modifications that will simplify operation and improve reliability of the advanced Saturn 1C launch vehicle. Methods of increasing thrust without extensively modifying the S-2 or S-4B stages are also evaluated. A thrust increase was achieved by raising engine combustion through a redesign of the engine thrust chamber and propellant feed system.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Res. Achievements Rev., Vol. 4, No. 6; p 105-115
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Investigations on the Fe-group nuclei track density vs depth in lunar rocks and Surveyor 3 TV camera filter glass were critically examined considering more factors than previously. The analysis gives a firmer basis to the observation of the preferential leakage of low energy Fe nuclei from the accelerating region of the sun. The track density gradients in lunar rock 12022 and filter glass are used to determine the lunar erosion rate of 3 angstroms/yr. Track gradients are less steep than predicted from energy spectrum observed in the Surveyor glass, perhaps due to sputtering. High densities of etchable tracks were found at all depths down to 60 cm in fines from Apollo cores and also in thin sections of the Pesjanoe, Pantar, and Fayetteville gas-rich meteorites. It is felt unlikely that suprathermal heavy ions were responsible for the high track densities.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 221-226
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Particle tracks were investigated in the glass plate of a neutral density (clear flint) optical filter housed in the Surveyor 3 TV camera but exposed directly to space. The track density vs depth curve was determined and descends sharply from approximately 2.6 million tracks/sq cm at a depth of 3.6 mg/sq cm to about 35/sq cm at 700 mg/sq cm. Several tracks were of V-shapes characteristic of high energy induced fission. The erosion rate on the moon due to solar wind ions was determined from the energy spectrum, and was found to be low (0 to 2 x 10 to the minus 8th power cm/yr).
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 213-216
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The proton-produced Na-22 content of samples of Surveyor 3 TV camera, surface sampler scoop, and other components was determined by nondestructive gamma ray spectrometry. The contributions of the nine most prominent solar flares to Na-22 production were calculated to be 18 dpm/kg. The observed activity in the Surveyor 3 samples was 62 + or - dpm/kg. This indicates a galactic proton contribution of about 44 dpm/kg, which adjusted for spallation of Al gives a value of 42 dpm/kg. This is compared to measurements of 88 dpm/kg in the Lost City meteorite which had an orbit extending to 2.35 AU, with a 4 pi bombardment as compared to the 2 pi bombardment of the samples on the lunar surface. The agreement between Na-22 production in Surveyor 3 and the Lost City meteorite offers evidence that the galactic cosmic ray flux is almost the same at 1 Au and at 2.35 AU.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 196-200
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  • 13
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The selection and design of velocity diagrams for axial flow turbines are considered. Application is treated in two parts which includes: (1) mean-section diagrams, and (2) radial variation of diagrams. In the first part, the velocity diagrams occurring at the mean section are assumed to represent the average conditions encountered by the turbine. The different types of diagrams, their relation to stage efficiency, and their selection when staging is required are discussed. In the second part, it is shown that in certain cases the mean-section diagrams may or may not represent the average flow conditions for the entire blade span. In the case of relatively low hub- to tip-radius ratios, substantial variations in the velocity diagrams are encountered. The radial variations in flow conditions and their effect on the velocity diagrams are considered.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Turbine Design and Appl., Vol. 1; p 69-99
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  • 14
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Nimbus 3 and 4 observations of ultraviolet active regions of the sun have been investigated. It is not clear what is producing these UV-active regions, however, it could be changes in the overall intensity of the solar continuum near the region of the temperature minimum, or the solar flux variations that have been seen could be due to a continuous type of absorption like that associated with the ionization limits of elements such as aluminum, silicon, or magnesium.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 159-163
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  • 15
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Intuition regarding the stability of MHD tangential discontinuities of solar wind has been borne out by a linear stability analysis of the MHD equations. In performing the calculation, the model used had no plasma flow and thus corresponded to the solar wind rest frame. The method calculated the change in total energy, plasma plus magnetic, due to the perturbation. This type of stability analysis is analogous to the test of the stability of an equilibrium point in a mechanical potential.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 134-139
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  • 16
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The ability of a theoretical solar wind model to predict the energy flux density due to heat conduction was investigated. In order to demonstrate this capability, the analysis used simultaneous data from the electron plasma experiment of Ogilvie and Lind, and the vector magnetic field data of Heppner and Sugiura on OGO-5. On the strength of two independent, different, and consistent experimental determinations of the conduction of heat flux by electrons at 149.6 gigameters(1 AU), it was determined that the models for the solar wind must be able to predict a value for the heat conduction in the range 0.007 to 0.008 in order to be in agreement with the observations.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 144-148
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  • 17
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The process of solar flare acceleration of interplanetary particles, as measured by the fifth orbiting solar observatory, is explained. Data show the acceleration proceeds in two stages: (1) particle acceleration by induced electric fields arising from annihilating magnetic fields at the beginning stages of flares, and (2) a Fermi acceleration mechanism operating in a shock front produced by the flare.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 171-175
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Motion in the general gravity field is described mathematically. A covariance analysis, based on two simple models, is presented. Two drag-free space probes were considered, for which the orbital elements are given.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 242-244
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Motion of a space probe about a spherical center of attraction is considered, applying the general theory of relativity. Motion of a probe under the influence of the sun's oblateness is also discussed. Estimates of beta, gamma, and J20 using solar probe motion are presented. It is concluded that such measurements are possible if the unknown long-period perturbing acceleration is of the order of 10 to the -11th or -12th power m/sec. sq.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 222-227
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Results from interferometric measurements of the apparent angular deflection of quasi-stellar object are examined. Some preliminary results from Mariner 6 and 7 experiments, particularly from the plasma effect viewpoint, are discussed, along with future experiments and plasma scintillation. Ray bending studies, plasma relativity separation for Mariner 6 and 7, and radio propagation test of general relativity are reviewed. First order approximations and time delay studies are appended, as well as Doppler velocity effect investigations.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 92-104
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The technique for obtaining range measurements is discussed. It involves measuring elapsed time between the transmission of an encoded signal from the ground station and its return from the spacecraft. The theoretical background for the Mariner Mars 1969 relativity test is presented, including computation of orbits and time transformation. Interplanetary and coronal plasma effects on range and Doppler observations at S-band are also considered. The general relativistic propagation delay was measured and a value of 0.997 for the relativity parameter Gamma star was obtained.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 111-135
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Charged particle dose rates for men and radiation sensitive materials during long-duration flights in low orbit
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OPT. TELESCOPE TECHNOL. 1970; P 495-499
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Samples of glass from the Surveyor 3 TV camera filter were examined for particle tracks by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The corrected density value is 1.7 million + or - 0.1 million tracks/sq cm, and the track density vs depth curve is determined. Comparisons with other estimated and calculated data are discussed, and lack of agreement between data sets is considered. It is felt that considerable erosion occurs, and that erosion also occurs by a flaking of small thicknesses of material, possibly caused by solar wind irradiation.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 209-212
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A silica glass window from Apollo 12 CM and a piece of flint glass from the Surveyor 3 camera filter were examined for Fe nuclei tracks. A large difference between observed and predicted track densitites was found. At low rigidity (or energy), the solar particle Fe/He ratio is much higher than the photospheric abundance ratio, but decreases with increasing rigidity until it approaches the photospheric value at a rigidity of about 500 MV. It is felt that the low-energy Fe tracks are of solar origin. The implications that heavy nuclei can be preferentially emitted from a source of energetic particles are discussed. Other conclusions are the following: Rocks exposed on the lunar surface for 10 million yr would accumulate about 6 x 10 to the 12th power tracks/sq cm, and the rate of radiation-induced erosion is about 10 to the -9 cm/yr. The lunar soil should contain heavily irradiated small grains, some with track densities of about 10 to the 12th power/sq cm that have flaked from radiation-damaged rock surfaces and some that were irradiated while at the top of the soil layer.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 217-220
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The first exposure on a spacecraft of a nuclear emulsion apparatus designed to collect 1000 high quality tracks of heavy nuclei under a negligible thickness of matter (0.07 g/sq cm) is described. The cosmic ray detector consisted of a stack of nuclear emulsions that were designed to register at least 400 heavy nuclei tracks for each 10 hours of useful exposure. The spacecraft had to be oriented in a heads-up attitude during the 10-hour period to eliminate atmospheric albedo particles. The results are as follows: (1) a definite odd-even effect, with low abundances for elements of atomic number 7, 9, and 11; (2) a ratio O/C approximately 0.9; (3) Ne/C, Mg/C, and Si/C ratios between 0.2 and 0.3; (4) an abundance gap in the region 15 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 19; and (5) a ratio (20 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 28)/C 0.2, with a large concentration at Z = 26. These results are indicative that successful exposures of nuclear emulsions were obtained on the Gemini 11 mission.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 215-225
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Design and development of rocket engines
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: TRANS. OF THE FIRST LECTURES DEDICATED TO THE DEVELOP. OF THE SCI. HERITAGE OF K. E. TSIOLKOVSKIY APR. 1970; P 1-10
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 16 SWC experiment is a continuation of the earlier experiments; however, an essential change was introduced in the solar wind particle collection technique. Platinum surfaces were incorporated in the collector foil, and use was made of a layer technique for distinguishing particles of different energies and different directions of arrival. The improvements and the expanded scope of the Apollo 16 experiment, relative to the earlier SWC experiments, can be summarized as follows: elimination of possible residual dust contamination by treating the platinum foil sections with dilute hydrofluoric acid before analysis; increased accuracy of solar wind argon abundance; determination of solar wind albedo; and search for helium in the energy range above approximately 40 KeV/nucleon.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 10 p
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The passionate dream of the oppressed solar flare forecaster is the scientific discovery of the cause, the energy source, and the observable antecedent conditions for the solar flare. This tunnel vision has had a profound and deleterious effect on the state-of-the-art. It has diverted attention from many promising approaches and relegated them to limbo. More importantly, it has actually inhibited the scientific search for the underlying physical mechanisms. Examples of neglected aspects of the problem cover the entire range from observing techniques and equipment to the availability and accuracy of the archived scientific data. A cursory inspection of this data leads to an obvious conclusion: there are at least two suns up there.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Phys. of the Space Environment; p 157-171
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  • 29
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Turbine geometric, flow, energy transfer, efficiency, and performance characteristics are considered by the use of definitions, diagrams, and dimensionless parameters. Emphasis is placed on the determination of the fluid velocity as it passes from one blade row to the next. The general methods for constructing velocity diagrams and relating them to the work and flow capacity of the turbine are discussed.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Turbine Design and Appl., Vol. 1; p 21-67
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The He-4 and Ne-20 contents in sections of the Surveyor 3 support strut samples were determined by optical and scanning electron microscopy and are compared to the results of the Apollo solar wind composition (SWC) experiments. The He-4/Ne-20 ratio in the samples from the sunlit side of the strut was approximately 300; the ratios determined in Apollo 12 lunar fines and SWC foil were below 100. The He-4/He-3 ratios were also determined, and the ratio obtained from Surveyor 3 material is higher than those found with Apollo 11 and 12 SWC experiments. The effects of spallation by cosmic rays or solar protons, stripping by cosmic ray or energetic solar alpha particles, recycling of solar wind He and radiogenic Ne, He from terrestrial atmosphere, mass discrimination near the moon, mass dependence of trapping probability, diffusion, and contamination by lunar dust are considered.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 201-208
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  • 31
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The results of an investigation on the effects of earth seasonal changes on solar activity, particularly sunspots, are given. These results show corpuscular and electromagnetic activity increased during the equinoctial months. In addition the electromagnetic aspect tends to increase during the winter months. It was suggested that seasonal changes in sunspot numbers may be caused by the tidal forces and the processional torques exerted by the various planets in the solar atmosphere.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 164-170
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  • 32
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Hydromagnetic heating in the solar wind was investigated using the heating model in which fast-mode hydromagnetic waves propagate outward from below the base and deposit energy by collisionless damping. Ray paths were found by solving Hamilton's equations. As the ray propagates along its path, it will damp, supplying thermal energy to the solar wind gas. The strong agreement of these results with observations is clear indication that the primary nonthermal heat source in the solar wind is the collisionless damping of hydromagnetic waves.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 140-143
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Atmospheric air storage for use in space vehicle engines during planetary flight
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: TRANS. OF THE FIRST LECTURES DEDICATED TO THE DEVELOP. OF THE SCI. HERITAGE OF K. E. TSIOLKOVSKIY APR. 1970; P 69-76
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The Apollo 17 biological cosmic ray experiment to determine the effect of heavy cosmic ray particles on the brain and eyes is reported. The pocket mouse was selected as the biological specimen for the experiment. The radiation monitors, animal autopsy and animal processing are described, and the radiation effects on the scalp, retina, and viscera are analyzed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 14 p
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The ultraviolet spectrometer (UVS) onboard the Apollo 17 orbiting spacecraft was used to measure emissions from the lunar atmosphere. The UVS and calibration are discussed along with the lunar atmosphere observations and lunar albedo measurements.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelimin. Sci. Rept.; 10 p
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The populations of interplanetary particles were studied by examining the energy spectra in a cosmic ray detector placed in the shade, facing away from the sun. Suprathermal ions of solar origin, and low-energy galactic cosmic rays are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 5 p
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Glass track detectors were exposed to cosmic rays on the moon from December 11 to 13, 1972, during a period of relatively quiet sun activity as inferred from satellite proton counters. From 80 to 400 keV/amu, the differential flux of heavy cosmic ray nuclei decreases roughly as E to the -2nd power; this result together with the greater flux from the solar than the antisolar direction identify these nuclei as solar in origin.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2006-08-20
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Res. in the Space Sci., v. 2; 10 p
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  • 39
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-05
    Description: The behaviour of the nonthermal electrons created at the impulsive phase of flares has been deduced from the microwave impulsive bursts and hard X-ray burst by many researchers. There is almost no doubt of the emission mechanisms that radio emissions are due to gyrosynchrotron emission and hard X-rays are collisional bremsstrahlung. However, there remain three controversial problems. One is whether the emission sources of the microwave impulsive burst and hard X-ray burst are common or not. Another is whether the injection of the nonthermal electrons into the source is impulsive or continuous. The other is the relation among the nonthermal electrons, soft X-rays, EUV flash, H-alpha kernels, and white light flares. These three problems are not independent of each other.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington High Energy Phenomena on the Sun; p 179-187
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  • 40
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-05
    Description: The production of solar flares by the reservoir of energy generated by sunspot magnetic fields is discussed. Electrons play an important part in the flare process since high energy electrons are responsible for X-ray and radio emission. The energy required in the form of protons trapped in sunspot magnetic fields to produce large solar flares is analyzed. A trigger mechanism is described where the particles can be rapidly dumped into the chromosphere when fast electrons are produced by Coulomb collisions and through pion production by the highest energy protons.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington High Energy Phenomena on the Sun; p 12-18
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The application of vibroacoustic techniques for diagnosing aircraft engine malfunctions is discussed. An experiment was conducted to determine the defects introduced by the nature of change in the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the noises and vibrations of an aircraft jet engine. The manner in which the defects were simulated is explained. The test equipment used during the experiment is identified. The results of the amplitude-frequency characteristics investigation are summarized to show optimum location of the microphone pick-up to record the acoustic data.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 317-319
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The physics of noise formation in an internal combustion engine is discussed. A dependence of the acoustical radiation on the engine operating process, its construction, and operational parameters, as well as on the degree of wear on its parts, has been established. An example of tests conducted on an internal combustion engine is provided. A system for cybernetic diagnostics for internal combustion engines by vibroacoustical parameters is diagrammed.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 247-249
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: An exploratory test series was conducted on three types of 0.45-N (0.1 lbf) liquid hydrazine thrusters to ascertain the minimum impulse bit capability for this class of engine. The test series is described and the results are presented. The testing was performed at 21 and 145 C (70 and 300 F) while maintaining nominal 0.45 N (0.1 lbf) upstream conditions. Valve on-times as low as 0.008 sec were applied. Impulse bits were observed for thruster temperatures of 21 and 145 C (70 and 300 F), respectively.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: JPL Quarterly Tech. Rev., Vol. 2, No. 1; p 107-112
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: On 14 November 1971 the Mariner 9 1334-N-(300-lbf)-thrust rocket engine was fired for just over 15 min to place the first man-made satellite into orbit about Mars. Propulsion subsystem data gathered during the 5-month interplanetary cruise and orbit insertion are of significance to future missions of this type. Specific results related to performance predictability, zero g heat transfer, and nitrogen permeation, diffusion, and solubility values are presented.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: JPL Quarterly Tech. Rev., Vol. 2, No. 1; p 113-122
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: The development of a propulsion system that employs a detonating propellant is described, and the need for such a system and its use in certain planetary atmospheres are demonstrated. A theoretical formulation of the relevant gas-dynamic processes was developed, and a related series of experimental tests were pursued.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 3, No. 2 (NASA-CR-133863); p 45-52
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The objective of this experiment is to measure the flux and energy spectrum of protons with energies of 1 to MeV. These protons are trapped on the Earth's magnetic field lines as part of the inner radiation belt, or Van Allen zone. The proton will be encountered predominantly in the South Atlantic anomaly at a 90 deg pitch angle.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 109-112
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The main objective of the experiment is a detailed study of the charge spectra of ultraheavy cosmic-ray nuclei from zinc (Z = 30) to uranium (Z = 92) and beyond using solid-state track detectors. Special emphasis will be placed on the relative abundances in the region Z or - 65, which is thought to be dominated by r-process nucleosynthesis. Subsidiary objectives include the study of the cosmic-ray transiron spectrum a search for the postulated long-lived superheavy (SH) nuclei (Z or = 110), such as (110) SH294, in the contemporary cosmic radiation. The motivation behind the search for super-heavy nuclei is based on predicted half-lives that are short compared to the age of the Earth but long compared to the age of cosmic rays. The detection of such nuclei would have far-reaching consequences for nuclear structure theory. The sample of ultraheavy nuclei obtained in this experiment will provide unique opportunities for many tests concerning element nucleosynthesis, cosmic-ray acceleration, and cosmic-ray propagation.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 101-104
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The linear energy transfer (LET) is the energy deposited per unit path length of charged particle traversing matter. For estimating the rate of damage from single-hit phenomena, the quantity that best combines the radiation environment, orbital situation, and spacecraft shielding is the linear energy transfer (LET) spectrum at the device location. This experiment will measure the LET spectrum behind different shielding configurations for approximately 1 year. The shielding will be increased in increments of approximately 1 G/sq cm up to a maximum shieldng of 16 G/sq cm. In addition to providing critical information to future spacecraft designers, these measurements will also provide data that will be extremely valuable to other experiments on LDEF.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 115-116
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The ojectives are to investigate three components of heavy nuclei in space: (1) a recently observed anomalous component of low-energy nuclei of N, O, and Ne; (2) the heavy nuclei in the Van Allen radiation belts; and (3) the UH nuclei (Z 30) of the galactic radiation. The study of the anomalous flux of N, O, and Ne nuclei in the unexplored energy region above 100 MeV/u is expected to provide new insights into the source of this component. Its observation in this experiment will confirm that these ions are singly charged. Knowledge of the energy spectra of the heavy nuclei observed in the Van Allen belts is expected to enhance the understanding of the origin of the belts (e.g., injection and local acceleration pocesses). The observation of these heavy ions could show, for the first time, that low-energy particles of extraterrestrial origin can diffuse to the innermost parts of the magnetosphere. Measurements of the UH component are expected to contribute information concerning its source, interstellar propagation, and the galactic storage time.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 105-108
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  • 50
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Thermal electron density and cosmic ray flux in galactic radio emissions
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 140-144
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  • 51
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Relativistic electron and positron intensity distributions in interplanetary regions
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 134-139
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  • 52
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Electron energy and thermal emission in solar X-ray bursts
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 127-129
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  • 53
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Statistical analysis of X ray line emission from cosmic radiation source
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 178-181
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  • 54
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Interstellar matter in stellar extinction curve
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 162-165
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  • 55
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Nimbus 3 infrared detectors for remote sensing of global ozone
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 11-14
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  • 56
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Evolution of pulsating variable binary star by nuclear interactions
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 170-173
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  • 57
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Low energy cosmic radiation spectrum analysis for IMP 4 data on solar system
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 145-149
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  • 58
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Solar radio bursts caused by energetic electron propagation through corona
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 130-133
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Nimbus 3 observations of ultraviolet solar flux variations
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 119-122
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Characteristics of fans and compressors for aircraft turbine engines
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 1-36
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: A method is examined for calculating the error of experimental data from a standard neutron monitor with the multiplicity of neutron generation. It is shown that use of the Poisson distribution to estimate the real statistical error is inadequate. The method proposed is for analysis of low-amplitude periodicities in the cosmic-ray variations.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Morphology of the Quiet and Disturbed Ionosphere; p 79-81
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  • 62
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Lifetimes of interstellar polyatomic molecules
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 158-161
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  • 63
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Extragalactic origin of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 153-155
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  • 64
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Galactic origin of pulsars and cosmic radiation sources
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 150-152
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  • 65
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Analysis on soft solar X-ray spectra of solar flares
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 123-126
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Dynamics and control of supersonic propulsion systems
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 351-395
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Effects of engine inlet disturbances on engine stall performance
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 313-341
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Design and characteristics of exhaust system for supersonic aircraft
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 233-282
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Propulsion technology for STOL and V/STOL commercial aircraft
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 135-168
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  • 70
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Development of improved turbine cooling processes and facilities for conducting turbine cooling research
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 57-96
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  • 71
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: It is shown based on data on the cosmic-ray neutron component, ionospheric soundings, and measurements of cosmic radio-emission absorption at Vostok station (Antarctica) that the ionization of the lower ionosphere increases during low intensity of Forbush-type cosmic rays. This is manifested in increased absorption and the appearance of strong sporadic layers in the E-region.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Morphology of the Quiet and Disturbed Ionosphere; p 74-77
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Features of the cosmic-ray variations in the geomagnetic pole region and a smooth decrease in the cosmic rays intensity as a result of increased solar activity are reported. A 66-day variation of the cosmic rays was registered, in agreement with the maximum frequency and power of solar chromospheric flares.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Morphology of the Quiet and Disturbed Ionosphere; p 113-116
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  • 73
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Heating and bulk speed of solar wind
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 108-110
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  • 74
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Threshold law for electron atom impact ionization
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 114-118
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  • 75
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Viscous two fluid model for solar wind
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 105-107
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  • 76
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Evaluation of solar mirror surface materials by ATS 3 reflectometer
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 238-240
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  • 77
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Development and characteristics of low cost engines for general aviation aircraft
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 211-231
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Effects of engine design and propulsion system configurations on combustion efficiency
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 97-134
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2006-06-04
    Description: Heavy cosmic ray nuclei with nuclear charge, Z, equal to or greater than 3 are to be measured using an isotopic stack consisting of passive visual track detectors which remain sensitive throughout the entire mission. The scientific data are stored in latent tracks which are produced by heavy ions and which can be revealed in the investigator's laboratory after recovery. During the mission, only housekeeping data have to be collected. The exposure onboard Spacelab 1 allows the study of the chemical composition and energy spectrum of articles which have energies in the range 20 to 100 million electron volts per atomic mass unit, as well as the isotopic composition of heavy galactic cosmic rays with energies in the range 100 to 1000 million electron volts per atomic mass unit.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Spacelab Mission 1 Expt. Descriptions; 3 p
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2006-04-05
    Description: A brief summary of the symposium is presented along with an outlook for developments in solar physics.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington High Energy Phenomena on the Sun; p 625-630
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  • 81
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-05
    Description: Meter-wave pulsations observed at Culgoora are discussed. The characteristics of recorded pulsation events are summarized.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington High Energy Phenomena on the Sun; p 589-593
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  • 82
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-05
    Description: Consideration is given to whether the modulation of low energy solar cosmic ray nuclei between the sun and earth can be so extreme that the fluxes observed at 1 AU imply (1) that the cosmic ray energy density in the solar atmosphere is comparable to the thermal energy density, and/or (2) that the cosmic ray intensity is sufficient in the solar atmosphere to produce detectable fluxes of secondary particles such as low energy positrons. It was found that such large modulation is compatible with observations, provided that the modulation occurrence is confined within a solar envelope lying within approximately 0.2 to 0.3 AU of the sun. There is, however, no compelling observational evidence to require that the modulation is this large.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: High Energy Phenomena on the Sun; p 418-438
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  • 83
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-05
    Description: Type 3 solar bursts observed by OGO-5, below 600 kHz, were analyzed. Decay times were measured, and collisional decay times were computed for distances out to 1 AU. By fitting power functions to the computed and observed decay times, and using local plasma hypothesis, it was found that the ratio rho of computed observed values varies with heliocentric radial distance according to a power function rho = 3r to the 0.7th power, assuming fundamental emission, and rho = 2r to the 0.7th power, assuming second harmonic emission.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington High Energy Phenomena on the Sun; p 537-539
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  • 84
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-05
    Description: Large solar flares produce intense soft X-ray emission, indicating the existence of high temperature plasmas that coexist in time with the plasmas responsible for the normally observed brightenings in H-alpha. The time behavior of the X-ray flux, as revealed, for example, by ion chamber detectors on the series of Solrad monitoring satellites, appears to roughly mimic the intensity-time behavior of the H-alpha flare, insofar as start times, times of maximum flux, and approximate decay times are concerned. In recent years, soft X-ray spectra of both active regions and solar flares have been obtained by instruments flown on spacecraft such as the Orbiting Solar Observatory (OSO) series. The disbursing elements used were Bragg crystals, and in the 8 Angstrom region the resolution is typically approximately 1200. This paper discusses the observed characteristics of X-ray flare spectra and spectroscopic diagnostics for determining electron temperatures, electron densities, and departures from ionization equilibrium within the soft X-ray emitting plasma.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington High Energy Phenomena on the Sun; p 262-275
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  • 85
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-05
    Description: The theory of solar microwave bursts is discussed in terms of gyrosynchrotron emission and absorption in a magnetoactive plasma and other absorption processes by the background medium. Simplified formulas for all turnover frequencies are given. Above about 2 GHz the most likely absorption processes for large bursts are free-free absorption and gyrosynchrotron self-absorption. The former process is capable of producing flux densities which are flat or slowly varying functions of frequency. The latter process sets absolute upper limits on the intensities of microwave bursts, which at a given frequency, depend only on the magnetic field in the source region.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: High Energy Phenomena on the Sun; p 188-197
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: Energetic protons injected into interplanetary space in solar particle events can interfere with spacecraft operations and experiments and can cause permanent degradation of some components. For future long term interplanetary and planetary missions, techniques were developed which use solar particle event data from 1956 through 1970 to predict the probability of exceeding any value of peak proton intensity or mission proton fluence. Dependences on proton energy (near 10 to 100 MeV), heliocentric distance, and phase of the solar cycle are included. The techniques are described and applied to the Mariner Jupiter/Saturn 1977 mission.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 3, No. 2 (NASA-CR-133863); p 37-44
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: A solar-electric propulsion breadboard thrust subsystem has been designed, built, and tested. A 1500-h test was performed to demonstrate the functional capabilities of the subsystem. Described are the subsystem functions and testing process. The results show that the ground work has been established for development of an engineering model of the thrust subsystem.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 2, No. 2; p 100-112
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  • 88
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The boundary-layer losses associated with the flow process in the blade channel are discussed. To determine the overall design point efficiency of a turbine, other losses must also be considered; these include tip clearance loss and disk friction loss. The sum of these losses normally comprises all the losses that are considered in the design of a full admission axial flow turbine. If, however, a partial admission turbine is being considered, there are additional losses that must be included. The partial admission losses usually considered are the pumping loss in the inactive blade channels and the filling-and-emptying loss in the blade passages as they pass through the admission arc. Finally, a loss that occurs at off-design operation of any turbine is the incidence loss.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Turbine Design and Appl., Vol. 2; p 125-148
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  • 89
    facet.materialart.
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The design of a proper blade profile requires calculation of the blade row flow field in order to determine the velocities on the blade surfaces. An analysis theory is presented for several methods used for this calculation and associated computer programs that were developed are discussed.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Turbine Design and Appl., Vol. 2; p 27-56
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  • 90
    facet.materialart.
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The design of turbine blading is considered that will produce the flow angles and velocities required by velocity diagrams consistent with the desired efficiency and/or number of stages. The determination of the size, shape, and spacing of the blades is fundamental.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Turbine Design and Appl. Vol. 2; p 1-25
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An important noise source in a drilling plant is Diesel engine exhaust. In order to reduce this noise, a reactive silencer of the derivative resonator type was proposed, calculated from the acoustic and design point of view and applied. As a result of applying such a silencer on the exhaust conduit of a Diesel engine the noise level dropped down to 18 db.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 156-162
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An urgent problem in space materials science is simulating the interaction of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) of solar emission with solids in space conditions, that is, producing a light source with a distribution that approximates the distribution of solar energy. Information is presented on the distribution of the energy flux of VUV of solar radiation. Requirements that must be satisfied by the VUV source used for space materials science are formulated, and a critical evaluation is given of the possibilities of using existing sources for space materials science. From this evaluation it was established that none of the sources of VUV satisfies the specific requirements imposed on the simulator of solar radiation. A solution to the problem was found to be in the development of a new type of source based on exciting a supersonic gas jet flowing into vacuum with a sense electron beam. A description of this gas-jet source, along with its spectral and operation characteristics, is presented.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 102-123
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The results are presented of an investigation of the effect of small flares, scale divisions 1 and 1(+), in the neutron component of secondary cosmic radiation from the data of neutron supermonitors at the stations of Kiev, Bukhta Tiksi, and Deep River. It is shown that flares of scale divisions 1 and 1(+) are accompanied by an effect in the neutron component amounting to about 0.4%. A mechanism is presented for calculating the outflow of particles accelerated in small flares, owing to diffusion across the magnetic field of a trap.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 77-85
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Results are presented from a study of the region of anomalous cosmic radiation in the area of the Brazilian magnetic anomaly at the altitudes 250-500 km, using data measurements taken on the Kosmos-225 satellite (14-29 June 1968). The existence of a stable intensity anomaly discovered in the experiments on the second and third Soviet spacecraft-satellites is confirmed. The total vector of the geomagnetic field at different altitudes was compared with isoline maps. An altitude profile of the South Atlantic anomaly of radiation intensity was obtained, using data from the same instrument. The nature of the anomalies in cosmic radiation intensity over the regions of negative magnetic anomalies is discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 86-94
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Using the Fokker-Planck equation, an examination is made of the acceleration of charged particles by fluctuational electric fields caused by the propagation of intense radio emission in the long-wave range. Correlation functions of electric fields near the boundary of plasma instability were computed. The interaction of charged particles with these fields is examined. It is shown that due to the interaction of particles with fluctuational fields, solar cosmic rays can be accelerated to energies of E=100 to 1000 MeV.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 69-76
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A catalogue of flare activity was compiled during 1957-1967 (the solar activity cycle). By comparing all reliable SC during this period with chromospheric flares, the following conclusions are drawn; (1) There is no statistically significant correlation between SC and chromospheric flares. (2) The assumption that a shock wave propagates throughout the entire hemisphere is unjustified and contradicts the fact of recurrence of SC. (3) A statistically significant correlation was established between SC and chromospheric flares, that is, a relationship between a SC and the moment that a flare active region transits the Central Meridian. (4) SC are caused by shock waves or tangential discontinuities formed at the western boundary of the quasisteady directed corpuscular flux or at the boundary between sectors.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 61-68
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The Apollo 17 biostack experiment to establish the biological efficiency of individual heavy nuclei particles of galactic cosmic radiation are reported. The experiment theory, interaction of heavy nuclei particles with biologic matter, and the total dose of cosmic ionizing radiation are discussed along with the radiation effects of heavy nuclei on Artemia salina eggs, and Bacillus subtilis.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 10 p
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Preliminary results are presented of data on the extent of the cosmic ray-induced activity obtained by a sodium iodide thallium-activated crystal flown onboard the Apollo 17 command module. Qualitative identification is reported for the following: Na-24, I-123, I-124, I-125, I-126, and Xe-127.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The lunar surface cosmic ray experiment, consisting of sets of mica, glass, plastic, and metal foil detectors, was successfully deployed on the Apollo 17 mission. One set of detectors was exposed directly to sunlight and another set was placed in shade. Preliminary scanning of the mica detectors shows the expected registration of heavy solar wind ions in the sample exposed directly to the sun. The initial results indicate a depletion of very-heavy solar wind ions. The effect is probably not real but is caused by scanning inefficiencies. Despite the lack of any pronounced solar activity, energetic heavy particles with energies extending to 1 MeV/nucleon were observed. Equal track densities of approximately 6000 tracks/cm sq 0.5 microns in length were measured in mica samples exposed in both sunlight and shade.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: The feasibility of operating small rocket engines in the Molsink facility was demonstrated. A 0.44-N (0.1-lbf) hydrazine engine and a 0.18-N (0.04-lbf) thruster using cold gas from a hydrazine plenum system were operated for both flight duty cycles and off-nominal conditions. The exhaust gases from these thrusters contain NH3, N2, and H2. The chamber was also calibrated for larger bipropellant engines using nitrogen tetroxide/monomethyl hydrazine (NTO/MMH). The exhaust products of these engines contain CO2, CO, H2, H2O, and H2. A mixture of cold gases simulating the engine exhaust was injected through a nozzle under conditions simulating thrust levels up to 26.7-N (6 lbf). Pulsing and continuous operations were investigated. The chamber background pressure traces were compared with the traces obtained for the same thrusters operated with pure nitrogen at approximately equivalent thrust. Satisfactory recuperation times were encountered in all the pulsing modes. Test times greater than 20s were obtained in steady state operation before the vacuum chamber back pressure climbed to prohibitive values.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 3, No. 1; p 1-13
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