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  • Bone
  • Springer  (75)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 1980-1984  (75)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (75)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone photovoltaic cell in hall geometry (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Magnetic field ; IR light ; Light absorption constant ; Efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Enhancement of photovoltage has been found in bone and its two major constituents when placed in a magnetic field in standard Hall geometry. Infrared light has been used for carrier excitation. From data obtained in this manner, values for the light absorption constant, extinction constant, mass absorption constant, and efficiency have been estimated. All these parameters increase with the increase of magnetic field. A possible explanation for the observed phenomena is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409443
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the role of 24-hydroxylation of vitamin D in the mineralization of cartilage and bone of vitamin D-deficient rats (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 489-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Vitamin D deficiency ; Cartilage ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary To test the importance of 24-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 on bone mineralization, rat pups born to vitamin D-deficient females were given either 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 for 16 days beginning at the time of weaning. Following such treatment analysis of blood samples revealed no detectable 24R,25-(OH)2D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the rats given the difluoro compound while revealing the expected 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,24-difluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The rats given 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 had the expected levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Following sacrifice at day 17, postweaning bone mineralization and modeling were studied in long bones using histological methods. Bones taken from vitamin D-deficient rats at the beginning and end of the experimental period had lesions typical of rickets. These included wide growth plates, excessive amounts of osteoid, and metaphyseal fibrosis. Following treatment with either 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3, bone mineralization returned to normal. Growth plate widths and the amount of osteoid on bone surfaces were both substantially reduced and to a similar degree in both treatment groups. Normal cartilage core formation and trabecularization of the metaphyseal primary spongiosa were also restored to a similar degree in both groups. In effect, no difference was observed in any bone parameter studied between the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3- and the 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3-treated animals. These results provide strong evidence that 24-hydroxylation of the vitamin D molecule plays little or no role in the modeling and mineralization of bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409479
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of 1,25-, 25-, and 24,25-hydroxylated vitamin D3 binding in fetal rat calvariae and osteogenic sarcoma cells (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 655-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 ; 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; Receptors ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The hormonal metabolite of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], exerts its biological effects by binding to a cytosolic receptor protein. Such a protein has been demonstrated in vitamin D3 target organs including fetal rat calvariae and more recently in rat osteogenic sarcoma cells. In this study we have compared the binding of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] to that of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in fetal rat calvariae and osteogenic sarcoma (OS) cells. Sucrose density sedimentation, DNA-cellulose chromatography, and intracellular uptake studies have been employed to evaluate these interactions. In cytosol preparations from calvariae, [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 bound to a 3.3S macromolecule and to a much greater extent to a 5.8S macromolecule while both [3H]25(OH)D3 and [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 bound to the 5.8S macromolecule. By incubating intact calvariae and OS cells with labeled metabolites and thus establishing binding intracellularly prior to cell disruption, we have found that the 3.3S protein which has high specificity for 1,25(OH)2D3 occurs inside the cells; the 5.8S protein, however, does not occur inside the cells but is generated after cell disruption. The [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3-receptor complex adsorbed to DNA-cellulose and was eluted from this affinity resin at 0.28M KCl. In contrast, [3H]25(OH)D3 and [3H]-24,25(OH)2D3 binding activity did not adsorb to DNA-cellulose. We conclude that, in contrast to the 3.3S protein, the 5.8S macromolecule does not fulfill receptor criteria but is rather generated by the experimental manipulation of the bone cells. Our data suggest that the vitamin D3 actions on bone are mediated only via the 3.3S receptor, and hence quantitative but not qualitative differences of the effects of the various metabolites are feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409504
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic localization of target cells for 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in bones from fetal rats (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Bone ; Osteoblasts ; Receptors ; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Thaw-mount autoradiographic studies after injection of3H-1,25-D3 were conducted on 18-and 20-day-old rat fetuses. In maxillary bones, ribs, and tibia, nuclear concentration of radioactivity was found in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts. Osteocytes and chondrocytes in epiphyseal plates were either unlabeled or weakly labeled. In competition experiments, nuclear concentration of radioactivity was blocked by the injection of a high dose of nonradioactive 1,25-D3 prior to the administration of the labeled hormone, but not by a similar dose of nonradioactive 25-D3. The results are interpreted as indicating that osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts are target cells for the direct action of 1,25-D3 on fetal bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405028
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the role of vitamin D in early skeletal development, mineralization, and growth in rats (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Vitamin D deficiency ; Bone ; Cartilage ; Bone development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The role of vitamin D in early skeletal development was studied by measuring serum calcium and phosphorus, osseous tissue quantity and mineralization, and endochondral bone elongation in rat fetuses and pups from vitamin D-replete and vitamin D-deficient mothers. At the 20th day of pregnancy there was a slight, yet significant, increase in the amount of osteoid on trabecular bone surfaces in fetuses from vitamin D-deficient mothers. The fetal bones otherwise appeared normal in spite of severe skeletal changes in the vitamin D-deficient mothers. After parturition, the importance of vitamin D in skeletal development becomes progressively more obvious. Serum calcium levels were slightly, yet significantly, lower in vitamin D-deficient than in vitamin D-replete pups and these levels continued to fall in the vitamin D-deficient pups through lactation and after weaning. At 3 days postpartum, there was a small, yet significant, increase in the amount of osteoid on bone surfaces of the vitamin D-deficient pups. The relative amounts of osteoid in the vitamin D-deficient pups continued to increase through lactation and after weaning when compared with vitamin D-replete pups. By the 14th day of lactation and at later periods, there were significant reductions in metaphyseal mineralized tissues in the vitamin D-deficient pups when compared with the vitamin D-replete pups. At weaning and after weaning, there were substantial increases in growth plate thickness and decreases in longitudinal bone growth in the vitamin D-deficient pups when compared with the vitamin D-replete pups. The results from this study indicate that vitamin D does not appear to play a major role in fetal skeletal development. However, after birth, vitamin D becomes progressively more important with age for normal bone development, mineralization, and endochondral growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405076
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a bone matrix-derived chemotactic factor (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 481-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Chemotaxis ; Bone ; Osteoblasts ; Bone proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary When demineralized bone matrix powder is implanted subcutaneously in the rat, the early responses involve the appearance and proliferation of mesenchymal cells at the site of implantation, followed by cartilage and bone formation. The ability of cells to migrate to the implant suggests that chemotaxis may be a critical event in this process. Therefore, using the modified Boyden chamber assay, we tested extracts of demineralized bone matrix for chemotactic activity. We have identified and partially purified, on molecular sieve chromatography, a heat labile and trypsin-sensitive protein (Mr=60,000–70,000) that is a potent chemoattractant for mouse calvaria, osteoblast-like cells (MMB-1), but not for monocytes (putative osteoclast precursors). These findings suggest that chemotactic protein(s) have a significant role in the recruitment of osteoprogenitor cells to a site of bone repair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405081
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclical uptake pattern of tetracycline in post-secretory maturation phase enamel demonstrated in rooted teeth (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 762-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Enamel ; Maturation cycles ; Tetracycline ; Dentine ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Uptake of tetracycline by enamel in the short-term was studied at an advanced stage of crown formation and after completion of crown formation in deciduous molars in the cat. Both secretory phase enamel and bands of postsecretory, maturation phase enamel labeled rapidly. The pattern of labeling mimicked that seen in the continuously growing, rootless incisor teeth of the rat, with narrow doublets fusing to form narrow bands with wide unlabeled intervals in the short term. This is a physiological demonstration which indicates that cyclical activity and changes may occurin vivo during the maturation phase of amelogenesis in rooted teeth. It is also noted that dentine did not, and that some circumscribed patches of bone did label in the same animals in the same time interval. Short-term tetracycline labels are lost following conventional histological processing, but are retained after freeze-drying or air-drying.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405120
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone remodeling due to continuously applied loads (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. S25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Remodeling ; Bone ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary It has long been known that the stress history of bone tissue influences its structure; however, the nature of this relationship remains largely uncharacterized. The objective of this work was to induce a quantifiable change in the stress history ofin vivo bone tissue and examine subsequent changes in structural and material properties that might occur. Continuous compressive loads were applied to the diaphysis of adult mongrel dogs for 2 months. The loads, ranging from 12–130 N, were superposed on the normal activity of the animals by implanting spring loading devices on the diaphysis of the femur. After the animals were sacrificed, mid-diaphysial specimens were subjected to compression testing to determine a structural bulk stiffness. The cross-sectional areas of original bone tissue and new bone deposition were then determined. The ash weights of selected specimens were also determined. The results indicate that a positive correlation between the increase in cross-sectional area and the superposed stress does exist. The new bone apposition was found almost entirely on the periosteal surface. Very little evidence of internal remodeling or endosteal movement was observed. The new tissue was found to have a lower ash weight and appeared to have a disorganized microstructure. Mechanical testing also suggests that the newly deposited tissue is far less stiff than the mature original bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406130
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new semiautomatic method for quantitative static and dynamic bone histology (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 439-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Histomorphometry ; Osteocytes ; Bone dynamics ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new semiautomatic technique combining advantages of the manual and fully automatic methods is described for obtaining quantitative static and dynamic histologic data of bone. The hardware consists of a photomicroscope, digitizing platen, digitizer, plotter/printer, floppy disc drive, and computer. The microscope is equipped with a drawing tube through which the image of the digitizing platen is projected over the optical field. The investigator selects and traces all histologic structures to be measured by moving a cursor on the digitizing platen which is visible by its projection over the histologic field. The results on accuracy and static and dynamic precision of this method show that static and dynamic parameters of bone are obtained with a degree of error (〈20%) well within the acceptable range for biologic measurements. Comparison of this method with the grid technique according to Merz and Schenck showed that for almost all micromorphometric parameters comparable absolute data are obtained. Due to the higher precision of our method, however, the number of optical fields evaluated in obtaining these comparable data could be reduced to 25% of the number of fields evaluated by the Merz and Schenck technique. The time requirements for quantitative evaluation of a histologic slide of bone by our technique are 40–50 min; 20–25 min is needed for quantitative evaluation of osteocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411282
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative bone histology in 84 normal American subjects (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 449-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Histomorphometry ; Normal values ; Bone biopsies ; Sampling error
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Quantitative bone histology was done in undecalcified sections of iliac crest bone specimens obtained from 84 normal American individuals. Samples were obtained within 12 h after death in a vertical and horizontal manner from both the right and left iliac crests. In addition to the determination of normal values of micromorphometric parameters of bone in these healthy American subjects, the following studies were carried out: (a) comparison of variance of micromorphometric parameters of bone obtained from the right versus left iliac bone (40 pairs), (b) comparison of micromorphometric parameters of bone obtained in a vertical versus horizontal manner (12 pairs), (c) evaluation of variance with increasing distance from the compact zone in bone samples obtained in a vertical manner (44 pairs), (d) analysis of variation between bone samples obtained more anteriorly versus posteriorly along the iliac crest (N=40), (e) comparison of differences in micromorphometric parameters obtained from age-matched men versus premenopausal women (N=12), and (f) plotting of histograms for assessment of distribution of micromorphometric parameters. The results show that histomorphometric data of bone cannot be easily compared when different techniques are employed for obtaining bone samples. Sampling variations are kept smaller when bone specimens are obtained in a vertical manner. Anterior/posterior variation does not cause major sampling error. If ranges of variation are taken into account, quantitative bone histology is a valuable tool for assessment of bone structure and bone cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411283
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