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  • Artikel  (51)
  • Optimal control  (51)
  • 1980-1984  (28)
  • 1975-1979  (23)
  • 1945-1949
  • Mathematik  (51)
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  • Artikel  (51)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 16 (1982), S. 33-48 
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Schlagwort(e): Sterile insect release ; Predation ; Stability ; Limit cycles ; Optimal control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A model for the sterile insect release method of pest control in which the target species is under predatory or parasitic regulation is analyzed. The equations are nondimensionalized and the rescaled parameters are interpreted. There are four types of equilibria, whose existence and stability depend on which of ten regions of parameter space contain the rescaled parameters, and in turn give minimal release rates to achieve eradication of the pest. In at least one region, Hopf bifurcation theory shows the existence of limit cycles, but they are found to be unstable. In addition, the optimal release rate to minimize a total cost functional for pest control by the sterile release method is studied. Both approaches show that when predation accounts for a large fraction of the natural deaths, the necessary release rate and total cost are higher than for weak predation. If the predators are removed without being replaced by any other source of mortality, the cost rises in all cases but rises much more dramatically for cases with strong predation. A definite danger of the sterile release method when some predatory control exists is that the predators are frequently driven extinct before the prey, so that the target species could explode to much higher levels and be more difficult to eradicate again after the sterile release is terminated.
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 17 (1975), S. 1-42 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; calculus of variations ; quadratic control problems ; linear spaces ; conjugate points ; focal points ; Bolza problem ; Hilbert space techniques
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The present paper is concerned with the study of quadratic control problems on linear spaces. In particular, we are concerned with the conditions under which a quadratic criterion function is positive on certain linear spaces. This involves the elementary theory of conjugate and focal points, the existence of a conjugate system with a nonvanishing determinant, and the existence of extremal fields. The results given are in part a translation into control language of known theory for the problem of Bolza. The method used is based on the Hilbert space techniques developed earlier by the author.
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 17 (1975), S. 273-278 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; existence theorems ; control theory
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Using a recent result due to Berkovitz, we prove the existence of an optimal control in a broad class of problems, under relatively mild conditions.
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 21 (1977), S. 51-57 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; linear systems ; linear-quadratic problems ; bang-bang control ; Hilbert spaces
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The control of a linear system, whose performance index is the sum of a linear term and a quadratic term, is considered. A necessary and sufficient condition is given for the optimal control to be bang-bang, and this is used to extend and clarify the results of Refs. 1–2. As an illustration, an application to an elliptic boundary-value problem is given.
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 21 (1977), S. 487-504 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; forward dynamic programming ; differential dynamic programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The dynamic programming formulation of the forward principle of optimality in the solution of optimal control problems results in a partial differential equation with initial boundary condition whose solution is independent of terminal cost and terminal constraints. Based on this property, two computational algorithms are described. The first-order algorithm with minimum computer storage requirements uses only integration of a system of differential equations with specified initial conditions and numerical minimization in finite-dimensional space. The second-order algorithm is based on the differential dynamic programming approach. Either of the two algorithms may be used for problems with nondifferentiable terminal cost or terminal constraints, and the solution of problems with complicated terminal conditions (e.g., with free terminal time) is greatly simplified.
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 33 (1981), S. 393-399 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; nonlinear systems ; existence theorems
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Let a quasilinear control system having the state space $$\bar X \subseteq R^n $$ be governed by the vector differential equation $$\dot x = G(u(t))x,$$ wherex(0) =x 0 andU is the family of all bounded measurable functions from [0,T] intoU, a compact and convex subset ofR m.LetG:U ⇑R be a bounded measurable nonlinear function, such thatG(U) is compact and convex.G −1 can be convex onG(U) or concave. The main results of the paper establish the existence of a controlu ∈U which minimizes the cost functional $$I(u) = \int_0^T {L(u(t))x(t)dt,} $$ whereL(·) is convex. A practical example of application for chemical reactions is worked out in detail.
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 26 (1978), S. 463-464 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; queueing systems
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This comment replies to a criticism due to Klein and Gruver (Ref. 1) of our earlier paper (Ref. 2) on the application of control theory to a queueing system. The criticism concerns the state-space diagram and the table which we inadvertently gave for the terminal-reward problem, albeit incorrectly labeled, rather than for the free-endpoint problem considered in our paper. We show that the solution given by Klein and Gruver is itself incorrect and nonoptimal.
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 26 (1978), S. 395-425 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; numerical methods ; computing methods ; gradient methods ; gradient-restoration algorithms ; sequential gradient-restoration algorithms ; general boundary conditions ; nondifferential constraints ; bounded control ; bounded state
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper considers the numerical solution of two classes of optimal control problems, called Problem P1 and Problem P2 for easy identification. Problem P1 involves a functionalI subject to differential constraints and general boundary conditions. It consists of finding the statex(t), the controlu(t), and the parameter π so that the functionalI is minimized, while the constraints and the boundary conditions are satisfied to a predetermined accuracy. Problem P2 extends Problem P1 to include nondifferential constraints to be satisfied everywhere along the interval of integration. Algorithms are developed for both Problem P1 and Problem P2. The approach taken is a sequence of two-phase cycles, composed of a gradient phase and a restoration phase. The gradient phase involves one iteration and is designed to decrease the value of the functional, while the constraints are satisfied to first order. The restoration phase involves one or more iterations and is designed to force constraint satisfaction to a predetermined accuracy, while the norm squared of the variations of the control, the parameter, and the missing components of the initial state is minimized. The principal property of both algorithms is that they produce a sequence of feasible suboptimal solutions: the functions obtained at the end of each cycle satisfy the constraints to a predetermined accuracy. Therefore, the values of the functionalI corresponding to any two elements of the sequence are comparable. The stepsize of the gradient phase is determined by a one-dimensional search on the augmented functionalJ, while the stepsize of the restoration phase is obtained by a one-dimensional search on the constraint errorP. The gradient stepsize and the restoration stepsize are chosen so that the restoration phase preserves the descent property of the gradient phase. Therefore, the value of the functionalI at the end of any complete gradient-restoration cycle is smaller than the value of the same functional at the beginning of that cycle. The algorithms presented here differ from those of Refs. 1 and 2, in that it is not required that the state vector be given at the initial point. Instead, the initial conditions can be absolutely general. In analogy with Refs. 1 and 2, the present algorithms are capable of handling general final conditions; therefore, they are suited for the solution of optimal control problems with general boundary conditions. Their importance lies in the fact that many optimal control problems involve initial conditions of the type considered here. Six numerical examples are presented in order to illustrate the performance of the algorithms associated with Problem P1 and Problem P2. The numerical results show the feasibility as well as the convergence characteristics of these algorithms.
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 38 (1982), S. 153-154 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; maximum principle ; sufficient conditions ; integro-differential equations ; path constraints ; economic applications
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Notational errors in Theorem 5.2 of Ref. 1 are corrected.
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 41 (1983), S. 317-325 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; queueing theory ; phase type distributions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract For a single-server queueing system (with a finite waiting room) with phase type arrivals and exponential service times, an optimal control for the service rate is derived. This generalizes the result of Scott and Jefferson for theM/M/1/1 queueing model.
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 28 (1979), S. 185-212 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; numerical methods ; computing methods ; transformation techniques ; sequential gradient-restoration algorithm ; nondifferential constraints ; state inequality constraints ; linear state inequality constraints ; partially linear state inequality constraints
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper considers optimal control problems involving the minimization of a functional subject to differential constraints, terminal constraints, and a state inequality constraint. The state inequality constraint is of a special type, namely, it is linear in some or all of the components of the state vector. A transformation technique is introduced, by means of which the inequality-constrained problem is converted into an equality-constrained problem involving differential constraints, terminal constraints, and a control equality constraint. The transformation technique takes advantage of the partial linearity of the state inequality constraint so as to yield a transformed problem characterized by a new state vector of minimal size. This concept is important computationally, in that the computer time per iteration increases with the square of the dimension of the state vector. In order to illustrate the advantages of the new transformation technique, several numerical examples are solved by means of the sequential gradient-restoration algorithm for optimal control problems involving nondifferential constraints. The examples show the substantial savings in computer time for convergence, which are associated with the new transformation technique.
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 28 (1979), S. 303-329 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; multiplier methods ; penalty functions ; Riccati equation ; convergence rate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The properties of combined multiplier and penalty function methods are investigated using a second-order expansion and results known for the Riccati equation. It is shown that the lower bound of the values of the penalty constant necessary to obtain a minimum is given by a certain Riccati equation. The convergence rate of a common updating rule for the multipliers is shown to be linear.
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 28 (1979), S. 391-410 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; minimax problems ; necessary conditions ; maximum principle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A control system x=f(t,x,u) is considered, and a cost functional ess supT 0≤t≤T 1 G(t, x(t),u(t)) is to be minimized. Necessary conditions for optimality (maximum principle and transversality conditions) are derived. It is also shown that an optimal control is optimal for the corresponding problem on a subinterval of [T 0,T 1], if a certain controllability condition is satisfied.
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 29 (1979), S. 155-158 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; queueing systems ; single-server queueing systems
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This comment is in response to a reply by Scott and Jefferson (Ref. 3) concerning the application of control theory to a queueing problem.
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 29 (1979), S. 615-627 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; advertising ; Green's theorem approach ; nearest feasible path ; infinite horizon ; optimal stationary equilibria ; economic application
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper considers an optimal control problem for the dynamics of a contagion model, the optimal control being the rate of advertising expenditure that maximizes the present value of net profit streams over an infinite horizon. By using a Green's theorem approach, it is shown that there are multiple optimal stationary equilibria and that the optimal path from any given initial condition is a nearest feasible path to one of these equilibria.
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 30 (1980), S. 73-88 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; suboptimal control ; time-delay systems ; linear systems
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A computationally efficient method based on a sensitivity approach is developed to obtain suboptimal control for nonstationary linear systems with multiple state and control delays and with quadratic cost. The proposed suboptimal control includes some truncated series whose terms are calculated in a recursive manner from nondelay system optimization.
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 30 (1980), S. 621-633 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; time-delay systems ; linear systems ; multiple-delay systems
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The application of Pontryagin's maximum principle to the optimization of linear systems with time delays results in a system of coupled two-point boundary-value problems involving both delay and advance terms. The exact solution of this system of TPBV problems is extremely difficult, if not impossible. In this paper, a fast-converging iterative approach is developed for obtaining the suboptimal control for nonstationary linear systems with multiple state and control delays and with quadratic cost. At each step of the proposed method, a linear nondelay system with an extra perturbing input must be optimized. The procedure can be extended for the optimization of nonlinear systems with multiple time-varying delays, provided that some of the nonlinearities satisfy the Lipschitz condition.
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 30 (1980), S. 643-661 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; measures ; Hilbert spaces ; linear programming ; approximation techniques
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Optimal control problems in Hilbert spaces are considered in a measure-theoretical framework. Instead of minimizing a functional defined on a class of admissible trajectory-control pairs, we minimize one defined on a set of measures; this set is defined by the boundary conditions and the differential equation of the problem. The new problem is an infinite-dimensionallinear programming problem; it is shown that it is possible to approximate its solution by that of a finite-dimensional linear program of sufficiently high dimensions, while this solution itself can be approximated by a trajectory-control pair. This pair may not be strictly admissible; if the dimensionality of the finite-dimensional linear program and the accuracy of the computations are high enough, the conditions of admissibility can be said to be satisfied up to any given accuracy. The value given by this pair to the functional measuring the performance criterion can be about equal to theglobal infimum associated with the classical problem, or it may be less than this number. It appears that this method may become a useful technique for the computation of optimal controls, provided the approximations involved are acceptable.
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 31 (1980), S. 85-99 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; junction conditions ; calculus of variations ; inequality constraints
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract It is known that extremal arcs governed by inequality constraints of third order (constraint relations that must be differentiated three times to generate a control equation) cannot join an unconstrained arc, except in special cases. But a control problem is exhibited, for which every extremal includes a constrained arc of third order. The constrained arc joins the end of an infinite sequence of consecutive unconstrained arcs of finite total duration. Evidence (but not proof) is given that this phenomenon is typical, rather than exceptional. An analogous phenomenon is well known for optimal control problems with singular arcs of second order.
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 31 (1980), S. 515-533 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; economic systems ; stability ; existence theory ; turnpike property
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Sufficient conditions for the existence of optimal trajectories and for the global asymptotic stability of these trajectories are given for a class of nonconvex and nonautonomous systems controlled over an infinite-time horizon. The concept ofG-supported trajectory is introduced. It is shown that, under some assumptions, aG-supported trajectory is overtaking and is globally asymptotically stable. The concept of overtaking trajectory has been previously defined as a notion of optimality on an infinite-time domain. For autonomous systems, under weaker conditions, one guarantees the existence of weakly overtaking trajectories. Finally, it is shown howG-supported trajectories can be obtained, and an application to the study of a pre-predator ecosystem optimally harvested is sketched.
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 32 (1980), S. 75-80 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; state constraints ; multipliers ; perturbation theory
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is concerned with necessary conditions for a general optimal control problem developed by Russak and Tan. It is shown that, in most cases, a further relation between the multipliers holds. This result is of interest in particular for the investigation of perturbations of the state constraint.
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 32 (1980), S. 81-87 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; minimax problems ; maximum principle ; Hamiltonian function
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A control system $$\dot x = f\left( {x,u} \right)$$ ,u) with cost functional $$\mathop {ess \sup }\limits_{T0 \leqslant t \leqslant T1} G\left( {x\left( t \right),u\left( t \right)} \right)$$ is considered. For an optimal pair $$\left( {\bar x\left( \cdot \right),\bar u\left( \cdot \right)} \right)$$ ,ū(·)), there is a maximum principle of the form $$\eta \left( t \right)f\left( {\bar x\left( t \right),\bar u\left( t \right)} \right) = \mathop {\max }\limits_{u \in \Omega \left( t \right)} \eta \left( t \right)f\left( {\bar x\left( t \right),u} \right).$$ By means of this fact, it is shown that $$\eta \left( t \right)f\left( {\bar x\left( t \right),\bar u\left( t \right)} \right)$$ is equal to a constant almost everywhere.
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 32 (1980), S. 211-246 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; control constraints ; terminal equality constraints ; exact penalty function ; convergence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The presence of control constraints, because they are nondifferentiable in the space of control functions, makes it difficult to cope with terminal equality constraints in optimal control problems. Gradient-projection algorithms, for example, cannot be employed easily. These difficulties are overcome in this paper by employing an exact penalty function to handle the cost and terminal equality constraints and using the control constraints to define the space of permissible search directions in the search-direction subalgorithm. The search-direction subalgorithm is, therefore, more complex than the usual linear program employed in feasible-directions algorithms. The subalgorithm approximately solves a convex optimal control problem to determine the search direction; in the implementable version of the algorithm, the accuracy of the approximation is automatically increased to ensure convergence.
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 32 (1980), S. 307-325 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; asymptotic optimal control ; calculus of variations ; Lagrange problems ; global minima ; absolute minima ; necessary conditions ; sufficient conditions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract For a selected family of Lagrange-type control problems involving a nonnegative integral costJ T (y,u) over the interval [0,T], 0〈T〈∞, with system conditions consisting of differential inequalities and/or equalities, the following material is treated: (i) a resumé of relevant necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for a pair (y T ,u T ) to minimizeJ T (y,u); (ii) conditions sufficient for the convergence asT→∞ of minimizing pairs (y T ,u T ) over [0,T] to a limit pair (y ∞,u ∞) over the infinite-time interval [0, ∞); (iii) conditions sufficient for (y ∞,u ∞) to minimize the costJ ∞(y,u) over [0, ∞); and (iv) conditions sufficient for the optimal cost per unit timeJ T (y T ,u T )/T to have a limit asT→∞.
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 32 (1980), S. 345-364 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; control constraints ; terminal equality constraints ; exact penalty functions ; convergence ; relaxed control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In Part 1 of this paper, implementable and conceptual versions of an algorithm for optimal control problems with control constraints and terminal equality constraints were presented. It was shown that anyL ∞ accumulation points of control sequences generated by the algorithms satisfy necessary conditions of optimality. Since such accumulation points need not exist, it is shown in this paper that control sequences generated by the algorithms always have accumulation points in the sense of control measure, and these accumulation points satisfy optimality conditions for the corresponding relaxed control problem.
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 32 (1980), S. 479-489 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; singular control ; junction conditions ; singular control order
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In singular optimal control problems, the functional form of the optimal control function is usually determined by solving the algebraic equation which results by successively differentiating the switching function until the control appears explicitly. This process defines the order of the singular problem. Order-related results are developed for singular linear-quadratic problems and for a bilinear example which gives new insights into the relationship between singular problem order and singular are order.
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 32 (1980), S. 491-497 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; inverse problems ; dynamic programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The general inverse problem of optimal control is considered from a dynamic programming point of view. Necessary and sufficient conditions are developed which two integral criteria must satisfy if they are to yield the same optimal feedback law, the dynamics being fixed. Specializing to the linear-quadratic case, it is shown how the general results given here recapture previously obtained results for quadratic criteria with linear dynamics.
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 42 (1984), S. 103-141 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; realistic feedback control ; interconnected turbogenerators ; torque and voltage control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, the optimal control of a system with two identical interconnected turbogenerators, which are connected to an infinite bus, is considered. The alternators are controlled through a linear feedback of the state variables. The feedback parameters are obtained by solving a nonlinear, two-point boundary-value problem. The values obtained for these parameters depend on the strength and duration of the disturbance, since the model is nonlinear, contrary to the usual feedback control of a linear model. In contrast to the model used in Ref. 1, the model used here includes the transfer function of the governors, the turbines, and the voltage regulators.
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 42 (1984), S. 467-485 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; hyperbolic partial differential equations ; Darboux boundary conditions ; strong variational algorithm ; convergence ; relaxed control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, we consider a class of optimal control problems involving linear hyperbolic partial differential equations with Darboux boundary conditions. A strong variational algorithm has been obtained for solving this class of optimal control problems in a previous paper by the third and the first authors. It was also shown that anyL ∞ accumulation points of control sequences generated by the algorithm satisfy a necessary condition for optimality. Since such accumulation points need not exist, it is shown in this paper that the control sequences generated by the algorithm always have accumulation points in the sense of control measure, and these accumulation points satisfy a necessary condition for optimality for the corresponding relaxed control problems.
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 43 (1984), S. 89-101 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; distributed-parameter systems ; control of partial differential equations ; sufficiency conditions ; Green's formula
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract First-order necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the following quasilinear distributed-parameter optimal control problem: $$max\left\{ {J(u) = \int_\Omega {F(x,u,t) d\omega + } \int_{\partial \Omega } {G(x,t) \cdot d\sigma } } \right\},$$ subject to the partial differential equation $$A(t)x = f(x,u,t),$$ wheret,u,G are vectors andx,F are scalars. Use is made of then-dimensional Green's theorem and the adjoint problem of the equation. The second integral in the objective function is a generalized surface integral. Use of then-dimensional Green's theorem allows simple generalization of single-parameter methods. Sufficiency is proved under a concavity assumption for the maximized Hamiltonian $$H^\circ (x,\lambda ,t) = \max \{ H(x,u,\lambda ,t):u\varepsilon K\} $$ .
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 35 (1981), S. 535-557 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; rotary crane ; nonlinear systems ; computational algorithms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is concerned with the optimal control of a rotary crane, which makes two kinds of motion (rotation and hoisting) at the same time. The optimal control which transfers a load to a desired place as fast as possible and minimizes the swing of the load during the transfer, as well as the swing at the end of transfer, is calculated on the basis of a dynamic model. A new computational technique is employed for computing the optimal control, and several numerical results are presented.
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 19 (1976), S. 301-325 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; singular perturbations ; boundary-layer techniques ; two-point boundary-value problem
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A system of equations that arises in a singularly perturbed optimal control problem is studied. We give conditions under which a formal asymptotic solution exists. This formal asymptotic solution consists of an outer expansion and left and right boundary-layer expansions. A feature of our procedure is that we do nota priori eliminate the control function from the problem. In particular, we construct a formal asymptotic expansion for the control directly. We apply our procedure to a Mayer-type problem. The paper concludes with a worked example.
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 20 (1976), S. 205-213 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; nonlinear systems ; existence theorems ; convexity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Let a nonlinear control system having the state space $$\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{\bar X} \subseteq R^n $$ be governed by the vector differential equation $$\dot x\left( t \right) = f\left( {t, x\left( t \right), u\left( t \right)} \right),$$ wherex(0)=x 0 and is the family of all bounded measurable functions from [0,T] intoU, a compact and convex subset ofR m . Letg:U→R m be a bounded measurable function such thatg(U) is compact and convex, and letF be a function from $$\left[ {0, T} \right] \times \underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{\bar X} $$ intoR n×m . If, among other conditions, fori=1, ...,n, $$f^i \left( {t, x, u_1 } \right) - f^i \left( {t, x, u_2 } \right) \leqslant F^i \left( {t, x} \right)\left( {g\left( {u_1 } \right) - g\left( {u_2 } \right)} \right),$$ whereF i is theith row ofF, then the main result of the paper establishes the existence of a control which minimizes the cost functional $$I\left( u \right) = \int {_0^T } c\left( {t, x\left( t \right), u\left( t \right)} \right)dt,$$ wherec(t,x,u) is convex inu for each (t,x). An example is worked out in detail.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 20 (1976), S. 347-357 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; maximum principle ; corner points ; state constraints
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper extends the Pontryagin maximum principle to allow for a finite number of corners, i.e., allowing for any finite number of discontinuities of the first derivatives with respect to the state variables. These corners are shown to raise the same computational difficulties caused by state constraints.
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 20 (1976), S. 455-479 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; numerical methods ; computing methods ; gradient methods ; quasi-Newton algorithms ; bounded control problems ; singular arcs
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Two existing function-space quasi-Newton algorithms, the Davidon algorithm and the projected gradient algorithm, are modified so that they may handle directly control-variable inequality constraints. A third quasi-Newton-type algorithm, developed by Broyden, is extended to optimal control problems. The Broyden algorithm is further modified so that it may handle directly control-variable inequality constraints. From a computational viewpoint, dyadic operator implementation of quasi-Newton methods is shown to be superior to the integral kernel representation. The quasi-Newton methods, along with the steepest descent method and two conjugate gradient algorithms, are simulated on three relatively simple (yet representative) bounded control problems, two of which possess singular subarcs. Overall, the Broyden algorithm was found to be superior. The most notable result of the simulations was the clear superiority of the Broyden and Davidon algorithms in producing a sharp singular control subarc.
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 21 (1977), S. 39-49 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; augmented penalty function ; terminal constraints ; gradient methods
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This note presents an extension of the Miele—Cragg-Iyer-Levy augmented function method for finite-dimensional optimization problems to optimal control problems. A numerical study is provided.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 22 (1977), S. 91-101 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; Radon measures ; existence theory ; diffusion equation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The existence is considered of a boundary control which drives a system governed by the one-dimensional diffusion equation from the zero state to a given final state, and at the same time minimizes a given functional. The problem is first modified to one in which the minimum is sought of a functional defined on a set of Radon measures. The existence of a minimizing measure is demonstrated, and it is shown that this measure may be approximated by a piecewise constant control. Finally, conditions are given under which a minimizing measurable control exists for the unmodified problem.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 22 (1977), S. 373-388 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; variational inequalities ; existence theorems ; sensitivity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We prove an existence theorem for the optimal control of variational inequalities governed by a pseudomonotone operator: the cost is assumed to be quadratic. Then, we give an extension of the theorem to more general costs (assuming the operator to be monotone); we also give a result on a perturbation problem.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 23 (1977), S. 563-579 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; Green's theorem ; infinite horizon ; multiplicative problems ; optimal stationary equilibrium ; economic applications
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Many infinite-horizon optimal control problems in management science and economics have optimal paths that approach some stationary level. Often, this path has the property of being the nearest feasible path to the stationary equilibrium. This paper obtains a simple multiplicative characterization for a single-state single-control problem to have this property. By using Green's theorem it is shown that the property is observed as long as the stationary level is sustainable by a feasible control. If not, the property is, in general, shown to be false. The paper concludes with an important theorem which states that even in the case of multiple equilibria, the optimal path is a nearest feasible path to one of them.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 25 (1978), S. 57-81 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; nonlinear evolution equations ; reflexive Banach spaces ; existence theorems ; time-optimal control ; Bolza problem ; terminal control ; velocity field ; set-valued map ; weak Cesari property
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The paper presents a closure theorem for the attainable trajectories of a class of control systems governed by a large class of nonlinear evolution equations in reflexive Banach spaces. Several existence theorems for optimal controls are proven that include a terminal control problem, a time-optimal control problem, and a special Bolza problem. Some results of independent interest are also presented.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 25 (1978), S. 229-245 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; nonlinear large systems ; decomposition and coordination ; modification of performance index ; improvement of convergence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper proposes a coordination algorithm for multilevel control of a nonlinear dynamical system. The overall system under consideration is composed of subsystems with relatively strong interactions or relatively strong nonlinearities, or both. The objective is to minimize a performance index of quadratic type. The idea of the present algorithm is to replace the system variables associated with interactions and nonlinearities by artificially introducedinteraction variables and to decompose the overall problem into a number of smaller and simpler subproblems. At the same time, the appearance of the performance index is modified by using the interaction variables. Parameters, called weights, are introduced into the modified performance index. Choice of the values of these parameters has significant influence on the convergence rate of the algorithm, and hence is one of the major factors determining the total computing time. The interaction variables are adjusted directly by a nearly steepest-descent algorithm, without using Jacobian matrix, until the interactions attain consistency. In the paper, some sufficient conditions for convergence of the iterative algorithm are discussed in detail, and several features of the present algorithm are illustrated by examining an example.
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 25 (1978), S. 549-554 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; nonlinear operators ; Frechet differentiability ; Hilbert spaces ; bang-bang control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Necessary and sufficient conditions for the optimal control to be bang-bang are presented for a nonlinear system. The payoff, which is not necessarily quadratic, is assumed to be described by a Hilbert-space norm and to be differentiable and convex. The results are extensions of Ref. 1 to the case of nonlinear systems.
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 34 (1981), S. 445-458 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; distributed parameter systems ; nuclear reactors ; functional analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The minimum norm formalism of functional analysis is applied to the problem of minimizing a quadratic cost functional that penalizes the control effort and the deviations of the neutron flux distribution throughout the reactor core. The conditions for optimality are derived for a general, linearized, reactor model with a finite number of control rods. These conditions take the form of a coupled and finite set of Fredholm's integral equations of the second kind with nondegenerate kernels. An example is presented in which the homogeneous slab reactor model is considered. A contraction mapping algorithm is proposed to compute the optimal control.
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 38 (1982), S. 241-250 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; state constraints ; necessary conditions for optimality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract It is shown that, when the set of necessary conditions for an optimal control problem with state-variable inequality constraints given by Bryson, Denham, and Dreyfus is appropriately augmented, it is equivalent to the (different) set of conditions given by Jacobson, Lele, and Speyer. Relationships among the various multipliers are given.
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 41 (1983), S. 75-106 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; second-order necessary conditions ; accessory problem ; control constraints ; normality condition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract An optimal control problem, which includes restrictions on the controls and equality/inequality constraints on the terminal states, is formulated. Second-order necessary conditions of the accessory-problem type are obtained in the absence of normality conditions. It is shown that the necessary conditions generalize and simplify prior results due to Hestenes (Ref. 5) and Warga (Refs. 6 and 7).
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 35 (1981), S. 261-275 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; load scheduling ; nuclear-hydro-thermal power systems
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper considers the problem of short-term optimal operation of nuclear-hydro-thermal electric power systems. The solution is obtained by use of a functional analytic optimization technique that employs the minimum norm formulation. A power system with an arbitrary number of generating stations is considered. The limited flexibility exhibited by the thermal nuclear reactors, when operating in a load-following mode, is accounted for by means of a model of the xenon concentration in their cores. The nonlinear effects induced by trapezoidal water reservoirs and the time delay of the water flow between upstream and downstream hydroplants is taken into consideration as well. A two-level iterative scheme of the feasible type is proposed for implementing the optimal solution.
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 27 (1979), S. 271-290 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; boundary-value problems ; discretization ; nonlinear programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A special time-optimal parabolic boundary-value control problem describing a one-dimensional heat-diffusion process is solved numerically. Using a bang-bang principle recently proved by Lempio, this problem can be transformed in such a way that the variables are jumps of bang-bang controls. A discretization is performed in two steps, and the convergence of the approximate solutions is proved. Finally, an algorithm to solve the discrete problem is developed and some numerical results are discussed.
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 34 (1981), S. 83-97 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; large turboalternators ; torque control ; voltage control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The optimal torque and voltage control for a large turbogenerator is found by using the minimum norm formulation. It should be noted that the model used is highly nonlinear. Numerical results are presented.
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 38 (1982), S. 221-230 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; dynamic programming ; singular perturbations ; system order reduction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The singular perturbation method is used in dynamic programming to reduce the order and the computational requirements of linear systems composed of slow and fast modes. After the fast modes are separated, a near-optimum solution is computed at two different iteration rates determined by the slow and fast subsystem dynamics. The result is a reduction in the order of the computational requirement of the given system to that of the slow subsystem.
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 40 (1983), S. 255-291 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; two interconnected turbogenerators ; torque control ; voltage control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, the optimal control of a system with two identical interconnected turbogenerators, which are connected to an infinite bus, is considered. Control of the generators is effected through control of field voltages and turbine torques. The alternators are controlled through a linear feedback of the state variables. The feedback parameters are obtained by solving a nonlinear, two-point boundary-value problem. The values obtained for these parameters depend on the strength and duration of the disturbance, since the model is nonlinear, in contrast to the usual feedback control of a linear model. The numerical values used are indicated in the Appendix.
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 35 (1981), S. 231-249 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Optimal control ; nonconvex programming ; constrained optimization ; feasible direction methods ; dual decomposition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, we propose a feasible-direction method for large-scale nonconvex programs, where the gradient projection on a linear subspace defined by the active constraints of the original problem is determined by dual decomposition. Results are extended for dynamical problems which include distributed delays and constraints both in state and control variables. The approach is compared with other feasible-direction approaches, and the method is applied to a power generation problem. Some computational results are included.
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