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  • GEOPHYSICS  (4,117)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,415)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (3,082)
  • 1985-1989  (10,614)
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  • 1
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    Atmospheric neutrons at 8.5-GV cutoff in the Southern Hemisphere (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Measurements of the altitude, latitude, angle, and energy distributions of 5-80-MeV neutrons at 29 deg S geomagnetic latitude and 8.5-GV cutoff, obtained with the University of California neutron double-scatter telescope on a flight from Alice Springs, Australia, on November 10, 1981, are reported. The data are presented in extensive tables and graphs and characterized in detail. The altitude distribution of upward-moving and downward moving neutrons is found to peak at 100 g/sq cm (as reported for 41 deg N geomagnetic latitude by Preszler et al., 1974), while the angular distributions exhibit dips at 60 and 130 deg and the energy distribution has a flat region at about 20 MeV. The escape current of 0.059 + or - 0.008 neutrons/sq cm sec is consistent with theoretical models for the injection of energetic protons into the earth radiation belt (Merker, 1972 and 1975).
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 2499-251
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    The gamma ray north-south effect (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Theoretical calculations are presented that explain the balloon observations by O'Neill et al. (1987) of a strong north-south anisotropy of atmospheric gamma rays over the Southern Hemisphere, and to predict the north-south ratios. It is shown that the gamma rays that originate at the longest distances from the telescopes give the largest north-south ratios. Comparisons are made of the experimental north-south ratios measured on balloons launched from Alice Springs, Australia, and from Palestine, Texas, U.S., and predictions are made for ratios at other geomagnetic latitudes and longitudes. It is pointed out that observers who measure backgrounds for celestial sources may be misled unless they correct for the north-south effect.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 14719-14
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Shocks and storm sudden commencements (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Recent gains in understanding the relationship between shocks and storm sudden commencements (SSCs) are reviewed with emphasis on spacecraft observations in general and ISEE-3 observations in particular. The topics discussed include the relation of SSC amplitude to increase in solar wind pressure, the inference of shock properties from SSC amplitudes, SSCs as representative of the transient response of the magnetosphere to a step function input, and magnetic storms accompanying shocks.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 4
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    Energetic ions upstream of Jupiter's bow shock (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In an analysis of the Jovian ion events, Baker et al. (1984) have found that there appears to be a spectral hardening as the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) changed orientation from the postnoon to a prenoon connection point. It was also observed that ion events were accompanied by long-period (approximately 10 min) waves whose presence was weakly related to a decrease in the ion anisotropy. The present investigation examines in substantial detail the development of the ion energy spectrum over the full range (approximately 30 keV to approximately 4 MeV). The results of the investigation show that the energy spectra are dominated by heavy ions (presumed to be oxygen and sulfur) at higher (approximately equal to or greater than 300 keV) energies.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 3947-396
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Growth of Greenland ice sheet - Interpretation (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An observed 0.23 m/year thickening of the Greenland ice sheet indicates a 25 percent to 45 percent excess ice accumulation over the amount required to balance the outward ice flow. The implied global sea-level depletion is 0.2 to 0.4 mm/year, depending on whether the thickening is only recent (5 to 10 years) or longer term (less than 100 years). If there is a similar imbalance in the northern 60 percent of the ice-sheet area, the depletion is 0.35 to 0.7 mm/year. Increasing ice thickness suggests that the precipitation is higher than the long-term average; higher precipitation may be a characteristic of warmer climates in polar regions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 246; 1589-159
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  • 6
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    The relations between the linear and bilinear atmospheric tidal fields in geometric height and in log-pressure coordinates (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Theoretical models of planetary-atmosphere tidal fields are examined analytically, comparing models based on geometric-height coordinates with those employing log-pressure coordinates. The relationship between the linearized meteorological variables in the two systems is explored for classical tidal theory and its reduction to the Laplace tidal equation, and it is shown that identical horizontal and vertical equations are obtained. Also considered are the tidal zonal-mean bilinear flux convergences and their Eliassen-Palm formulations. Numerical results for problems involving the earth and Mars atmospheres are presented in graphs and discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Pure and Applied Geophysics (ISSN 0033-4553); 123; 6, 19; 902-920
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  • 7
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    The form of Newtonian cooling in atmospheric tidal theory (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The analytical results of Zurek (1986) are applied to compare the vertical-structure equations obtained by Dickinson and Geller (1968) and Lindzen and McKenzie (1967) in solving the classical tidal equations for planetary atmospheres when Newtonian cooling (NC) is included as part of diabatic tidal forcing. The two diabatic forcings are found to be different when the basic state temperature varies with height, and it is recommended that a log-pressure NC formulation be used whenever temperature is made a function of pressure in the radiative-damping calculation. Scaling arguments are presented to show that the choice of NC formulation has significant effects only in cases where the radiative time constants are short (such as the thin CO2 atmosphere of Mars). Numerical computations for that case indicate a difference of 20 percent in amplitude and 15 deg in phase for the (probably meteorologically significant) 4.1-d wavenumber-one Rossby tidal mode.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Pure and Applied Geophysics (ISSN 0033-4553); 123; 6, 19; 921-929
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  • 8
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    Zonally symmetric response to atmospheric tidal forcing in the dusty Martian atmosphere (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The paper presents a steady state, zonally symmetric response of an atmospheric circulation to the combined effects of the very large zonal-mean diabatic heating and thermotidal forcing thought to exist in the dusty Martian atmosphere during one of its episodic global dust storms. The zonal-mean components of the tidal flux-convergences of momentum and heat are computed using an existing classical atmospheric tidal model constrained by the surface pressure observations at the two Viking Lander sites on Mars. A nearly inviscid two-dimensional model is used to compute the zonally symmetric response to the computed tidal flux-convergences and to the zonal-mean heating of the airborne dust. The results are compared with data from the Viking missions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 45; 2469-248
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  • 9
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    Free and forced modes in the Martian atmosphere (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Computations are conducted for the periods of free modes in the Martian atmosphere with a view to the short atmospheric radiative damping time and the seasonal and interannual variation of globally representative temperatures, both of which differ from their terrestrial counterparts by an order of magnitude. Attention is given to the possibility of atmospheric resonance and the efficient excitation (or even the resonant amplification) of forced modes. A thermally-forced diurnal Kelvin wave is recommended as the most reasonable of several alternative explanations of the short-period transient mode that occurs just before, or during, Mars' great episodic dust storms.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 9452-946
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  • 10
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    Model documentation, chapter 4 (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The modeling groups are listed along with a brief description of the respective models.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Two-Dimensional Intercomparison of Stratospheric Models; P 111-140
    Format: application/pdf
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