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  • Articles  (60)
  • barley  (60)
  • Animals
  • Chemistry
  • 1985-1989  (60)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (60)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical levels of Mn in coarse textured rice soils in India for predicting response of barley to Mn application (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 11 (1987), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: critical levels of Mn ; coarse textured rice soils ; Mn deficiency ; barley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Green house studies of 20 soils, having a range in DTPA extractable Mn, were made to determine the critical deficiency level of Mn for predicting response of barley to Mn application. Soil Mn was significantly related with both Bray's per cent dry matter yeild (r = 0.70**) and Mn uptake (r = 0.65**). Soil application of 25 mg Mn kg−1 soil significantly increased yield. Both graphical and statistical models of Cate and Nelson indicated the critical level to be 2.05 mg kg−1 soil of DTPA extractable Mn. The critical Mn deficiency level in 45 day barley plants was 18.6 mg kg−1 dry matter. The predictability of soil and plant critical Mn level was 91 and 80 per cent respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049564
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An assessment of soil tests for phosphate for the prediction of cereal yields on a sandy soil in Western Australia (1988)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 16 (1988), S. 137-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Superphosphate ; rock phosphate ; wheat ; oats ; barley ; field experiment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nine soil tests for phosphate were evaluated for predicting the yield and P content of wheat, barley and oats grown on a sandy soil in Western Australia: Olsen, modified Olsen 1 (soil:solution ratio 1:5), modified Olsen 2 (soil:solution ratio 1:50), Colwell, Bray 1, Bray 2, modified Bray 2T (shaking time 10 minutes), modified Bray 2C (pH 3.7) and lactate. The soil had been fertilized 5 years previously with 20 levels each of superphosphate (OSP, range 0 to 400 kg P ha−1) and Queensland rock phosphate (QRP, range 0 to 20 000 kg P ha−1). For each species and fertilizer taken separately, all the tests, except for lactate, gave a good prediction of yield. When data for OSP and QRP were pooled, Bray 2 and modified Bray 2T tests were unsatisfactory predictors of both yield and P content. A linear relationship (P 〈 0.05) between mean soil tests value (χ) and the standard deviation (σ χ ) of the test value was observed for each soil test. For QRP, the results for lactate were the most variable (i.e.σχ/χ was greatest) followed by modified Olsen 2 〉 Bray 1 〉 Bray 2 〉 Olsen 〉 modified Bray 2C 〉 modified Olsen 1 〉 modified Bray 2T 〉 Colwell. The order for OSP fertilized soil was Bray 1 〉 modified Bray 2T 〉 Bray 2 〉 Olsen 〉 Colwell 〉 modified Bray 2C 〉 modified Olsen 1 〉 lactate 〉 modified Olsen 2. For combined OSP and QRP data, the results of the Olsen 1 and Colwell extractions were the least variable. Errors in the prediction of yield (σ Y ) for all crops resulting from an error in soil test values (σχ) were calculated. For OSP-fertilized soil variability in values for the Bray-1 test provided the highest error (about 16%) in the prediction of the yield, followed by Bray 2 (12%) 〉 Bray 2T (10%) 〉 Olsen (8%) 〉 Colwell (7%) 〉 modified Bray 2C (6%) 〉 lactate (4%). Maximum error was at yields of about 65% of maximum yield. For soil fertilized with QRP, lactate provided the highest error (about 10%) in the prediction of yield, followed by the other tests (〈 6%). Maximum error was at yields of about 35% of maximum yield. The Colwell soil test gave the most accurate overall prediction of yield for both fertilizers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049770
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of15N in the soil-plant system during a four-year field lysimeter study with barley (Hordeum distichum L.) and perennial meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 119 (1989), S. 25-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; fertilizer efficiency ; leaching ; meadow fescue ; microbial biomass ; nitrate fertilizer ; 15N ; plant uptake ; potentially mineralizable nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An annual cereal, barley, and a perennial grass ley, meadow fescue, were grown in field lysimeters in Sweden and fertilized with 12 and 20g Ca(NO3)2-N m−2 yr−1, respectively. Isotope-labeled (15N) fertilizer was added during year 1 of the study, whereafter similar amounts of unlabeled N were added during years 2 and 3. The grass ley lysimeters were ploughed after the growing season of year 3 and sown with barley during year 4. The barley harvest in year 1 removed 59% of the added fertilizer N, while the fertilizer N export by two meadow fescue harvests in year 1 was 65%. The labeled N export decreased rapidly after year 1, especially in the barley, but increased slightly after ploughing of the grass ley. The microbial biomass, measured with the chloroform fumigation method, incorporated a maximum of 1.4–1.7% of the labeled N during the first seven weeks after application. Later on, the incorporation stabilized at less than 1% in both cropping systems. The susceptibility of the residual labeled N to mineralization was evaluated three years after application by means of long-term laboratory incubations. The curves of cumulative mineralized N were described by a two-component first-order regression model that differentiated between an available and a more recalcitrant fraction of potentially mineralizable N. There was no difference in the amounts of potentially mineralizable N between the cropping systems. The labeled N comprised 5 and 2% of the amounts of potentially mineralizable N in the available and more recalcitrant fraction, respectively. The mineralization rate constants for the labeled N were almost twice as high as for the total potentially mineralizable N. The available fraction of the total potentially mineralizable N was 12%, while twice that proportion of the labeled N was available. It was concluded that the short-term ley did not differ from the annual crop with respect to the early disposition of the fertilizer N and the behaviour of the residual organic N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370266
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobilization of iron and other micronutrient cations from a calcareous soil by plant-borne, microbial, and synthetic metal chelators (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 114 (1989), S. 217-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; chelators ; copper ; iron ; manganese ; mobilization ; phytosiderophores ; root exudates ; siderophores ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Mobilization of Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn by various chelators from a calcareous soil was measured using a simple dialysis tube/complexing resin system. Root exudates from Fe-deficient barley increased the concentrations of all four metals in solution by, on average, a factor of 20, and the addition of complexing resin as a sink for heavy metal cations forced steady state solution concentrations to be reached sooner. Root exudates mobilized increasing amounts of the various micronutrients in the following order: Cu〈Fe〈Zn〈Mn. Phytosiderophores isolated from root exudates of Fe-deficient barley mobilized similar amounts of Cu and Zn but somewhat more Fe and considerably more Mn than crude exudate. The synthetic chelators EDDHA and DTPA showed low specificity in micronutrient mobilization, but the microbial siderophore Desferal was relatively more specific, preferentially mobilizing Fe and Mn. The data indicates that phytosiderophores are capable of increasing the amount of complexed cations in solution. Despite their lack of specificity, phytosiderophores were just as effective as Desferal increasing the availability of Fe. Thus, phytosiderophores, as plant-borne chelators, are certainly of significance for the Fe nutrition of cereals grown in calcareous soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220801
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation of the amino acid scores and of the nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors in barley grain as a function of nitrogen content as compared with wheat and rye (1988)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 38 (1988), S. 175-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: barley ; Triticeae ; grain ; amino acid composition ; nitrogen ; chemical score
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Barley grains (9 samples from 7 cultivars) with nitrogen contents (N) ranging from 1.45 to 4.01% of dry matter were analysed for their amino acid (AA) composition with high accuracy from six different hydrolysates per sample. AA levels in grain increased as linear functions ofN with correlation coefficients close to unity. A comparison with literature data confirmed that the AA composition of any grain sample of normal barley can be predicted from itsN for all phenotypes and genotypes. AAs in grain protein changed as hyperbolic functions ofN which increased for Phe, Pro and Glx but more or less strongly decreased for the other AAs. By plotting AA scores againstN, barley proteins were shown to be always richer than wheat and rye in Val and Phe + Tyr; sometimes richer than both other species forN〈2 (Lys); 2.2 (Leu and Ile); 3.4 (Thr); sometimes intermediate to wheat and rye above the latterN values. They were also intermediate in sulphur AAs forN〈1.9 and drastically poorer forN〉1.9. However, they were richer than both other species in Trp forN〉1.6. The hyperbolic variations of non-protein nitrogen and nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors were determined as a function ofN and also compared with those of wheat and rye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091722
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical evaluation of thein situ nitrate reductase assay (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 120 (1989), S. 243-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; corn ; nitrate ; nitrate reductase ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Anin situ method, derived from anin vivo method, was used to determine nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in:i) excised barley and corn shoots and excised soybean leaves during a N-depletion experiment and; ii) roots and shoots of N-depleted barley and corn seedlings during induction of nitrate, reductase (NR). Nitrate reduction, calculated from thesein situ RNA measurements, was compared with estimates of each organ's nitrate reduction in light aerobic conditions from NO 3 − consumption and a15N model (Gojonet al., 1986b). Thein situ RNA of roots strongly underestimated their15NO 3 − reduction. In contrast, in barley and corn shoots and in the first trifoliolate leaves from 26-day-old, soybean, thein situ NRA assay gave a fair approximation of the true NO 3 − reduction rate (relative differences ranging from −14 to +32%). In young soybean leaves (from 20-day-old plants), however, thein situ NRA strongly underestimated the actual NO 3 − reduction. The physiological significance of thein situ NRA assay in shoots and roots, and its value for field studies are discussed from these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02377074
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shoot/root ratio during the early heterotrophic growth of barley as influenced by mineral nutrition (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 111 (1988), S. 237-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; growth efficiency ; mineral nutrients ; respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02139945
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of lime on phosphorus adsorption and barley growth in three acid soils (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 103 (1987), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acid soils ; Al toxicity ; barley ; lime ; P adsorption ; P availability ; plant growth ; soil pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract For three acid soils from Santa Catarina, Brazil, lime application and time of incubation with lime had little effect on the adsorption of added phosphorus. In two soils with high contents of exchangeable aluminium, solution P and isotopically exchangeable P were decreased by incubating with lime for 1 month: phosphorus was probably adsorbing on freshly precipitated aluminium hydrous oxides. In one soil with less exchangeable aluminium, P in solution was increased by liming. After 23 months lime increased solution and exchangeable P possibly due to crystallization of aluminium hydrous oxides reducing the number of sites for P adsorption. All these changes were however small. In a pot experiment, lime and phosphorus markedly increased barley shoot and root dry matter and P uptake. Although liming reduced P availability measured by solution P, isotopically exchangeable P and resin extractable P, it increased phosphorus uptake by reducing aluminium toxicity and promoting better root growth. The soil aluminium saturation was reduced by liming, but the concentration of aluminium in roots changed only slightly. The roots accumulated aluminium without apparently being damaged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370670
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening for resistance against Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). 2. Hordeum species and interspecific hybrids (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 571-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum ; barley ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; brid cherry-oat aphid ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Twenty-seven accessions of Hordeum species and interspecific hybrids were screened in a growth chamber for resistance against the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. Resistance measurement was based on the aphids' population growth during a 16-day period. The mean number of nymphs produced per female was only about 14% of that on the control cv. Tellus. H. bogdani was the most resistant accession. As a group, interspecific F1-hybrids with common barley (H. vulgare × H. sp.) held an intermediate position. Differences in resistance between hybrids as well as between species (H. jubatum and H. lechleri) were observed. The most resistant species were all diploids. No effects of the host plant on formation of alatae or on the within-plant distribution of aphids were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041504
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity in barley landraces from Syria and Jordan (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 389-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; landraces ; environmental stress ; breeding for dry areas ; multilines ; genetic diversity ; genetic resources ; variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Single-head progenies derived from barley landraces collected along the Fertile Crescent in Syria and Jordan were evaluated for agronomic, morphological, and quality traits in a typical barley growing area in Northern Syria. A large diversity was observed both between and within collection sites, and in most cases the variation was useful for breeding purposes. Single plant progenies were identified with larger yields and more desirable expressions of agronomic characters than the original landraces. The utilization of this material in a breeding program for dry areas is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041482
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