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  • Articles  (64,287)
  • Elsevier  (56,029)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (8,258)
  • 1985-1989  (62,230)
  • 1950-1954  (2,057)
  • Biology  (64,287)
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  • Articles  (64,287)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of four methods to establish asymptomatic carriers of Aeromonas salmonicida in juvenile spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This study evaluated four methods to establish asymptomatic carriers of Aeromonas salmonicida. Exposure of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), to A. salmonicida by gastric intubation resulted in a carrier prevalence of 65%. This prevalence was significantly higher than prevalences of 40, 20 and 10% after exposure respectively to broth culture bath, ingestion of broth coated feed, and exposure to intraperitoneally infected fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00319.x
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  • 2
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    A method to eliminate the asymptomatic carrier state of Aeromonas salmonicida in salmonids (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The rate of assimilation in chinook salmon of an aryl-fluoroquinolone antibacterial from the environment as a function of time and of added chemicals (surfactants and hyperosmotic saline) was measured. A 0·01% Tween 80 antibacterial solution provided the highest serum levels of the aryl-fluoroquinolone. This surfactant and four levels of antibacterial were used to evaluate the efficacy for elimination of the Aeromonas salmonicida carrier state in juvenile spring chinook salmon. All treatments, excepting the control, completely eliminated the asymptomatic carrier state within 48h post-treatment. The carrier populations were monitored for 10 days and no reinfection was detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00320.x
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  • 3
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    Experimental transmission and pathogenicity of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) in redfin perch, Perca fluviatilis L., and 11 other teleosts (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The epizootiology of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) was examined by experimental transmission and pathogenicity trials in the first known host species, Perca fluviatilis L., and 11 other introduced and native teleosts of Australia. Perca fluviatilis and four other species were highly susceptible to disease following bath exposure to EHNV. Three species developed disease only when inoculated by intraperitoneal injection, and four species wore resistant to infection under the experimental conditions employed. Renal haematopoietic necrosis was the most consistent lesion produced, with hepatic, splenic and pancreatic necrosis also occurring in certain species. The resistance of the virus to desiccation, disinfectants, high and low pH and temperature, and to prolonged storage at selected temperatures was assessed, demonstrating that the virus can survive for long periods in the aquatic environment and on fomites. Carrier individuals of P. fluviatilis, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, Maccullochella peeli (Mitchell), and possibly other teleosts, represent a further reservoir of infection. However, the virus could not be isolated from common insect and crustacean prey species, and no parasitic vectors were identified. It is proposed that EHNV has contributed to serious population declines of native species in recent decades, particularly of Macquaria australasica (Cuvier), Galaxias olidus Günther and Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell). Salmonids are also known to be naturally and experimentally susceptible to the virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00318.x
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  • 4
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    Mycotic dermatitis in a freshwater gizzard shad, the bony bream, Nematalosa erebi (Günther), in the River Murray, South Australia (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The lower Murray population of bony bream is subject to an annual epidemic of the oomycete Saprolegnia (principally S. parasitica) and the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. The epidemic is species-specific; it mainly affects adults whose susceptibility may be increased by stress due to winter cold. Lesions occur on the mid-flank and are characterized by an external mycelium, epidermal erosion, scale loss, hypodermal and muscular oedema, haemorrhage, myofibril degeneration and by the presence of Saprolegnia hyphae at all stages of infection. Although A. hydrophila is common in advanced lesions there is no significant systemic bacterial infection. This appears to be a primary mycotic dermatitis and is noteworthy because Saprolegnia is best-known as a secondary pathogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00305.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Proteases secreted by strains of Aeromonas salmonicida (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The proteases secreted by four strains (MT004, 1102, 480 and 480P-) of Aeromonas salmonicida grown in liquid culture have been studied. Strains MT004, 1102 and 480 all show a similar pattern with two types of proteases produced; one of molecular weight 70 000 which is active against casein and gelatin and one (or more) of lower molecular weight (about 20 000) which is (are) active against gelatin but not casein. Strain 480P- produces only the latter type of protease(s). The protease of molecular weight 70 000 is classified as a serine-type protease, but further characterization of the features of its active site has not yet proved possible. The results are discussed in terms of the previously published but often contradictory data on the proteases of A. salmonicida.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00306.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Urine properties in carp, Cyprinus carpio L., with sekoke disease (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Changes in the properties of urine and blood of carp with sekoke disease were studied. With the progress of this disease, the parameters of blood and particularly urine changed significantly. After 120 days, urine flow, osmolarity and concentrations of inorganic ions (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−) and organic compounds (ammonium, creatine and creatinine, protein, glucose) in the experimental group showed higher values than those of the controls. Even after 60 days, when clinical signs of sekoke disease were not evident, abnormally high concentrations of ammonium, protein and glucose in the urine were found in the experimental group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00308.x
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  • 7
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    Efficacy studies of passive immunization against Aeromonas salmonicida infection in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Aeromonas salmonicida, the aetiologic agent of furunculosis, causes high mortality in cultured salmonids. Experiments were conducted to determine the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of passive immunization against furunculosis in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), infected by immersion. Rabbit hyperimmune serum was produced against a virulent strain of A. salmonicida and an aliquot of this serum was absorbed with cells of a non-virulent strain of A. salmonicida. Immunoglobulins from aliquots of the absorbed and non-absorbed serum were purified using affinity chromatography. Each serum or immunoglobulin preparation was tested in passive immunization experiments. Brook trout were infected by immersion in a suspension of virulent A. salmonicida, and passively immunized by intraperitoneal injection at the time of experimental infection, or at various periods after experimental infection. Passive immunization of brook trout against furunculosis was therapeutically efficacious when effected either at zero, 24 or 48h post-infection, but not at 72 or 96h. Purified rabbit immunoglobulins specific to virulent A. salmonicida were as protective as the initial rabbit hyperimmune serum in protecting brook trout against furunculosis. To determine the prophylactic efficacy of this treatment, the groups of fish passively immunized at the time of the experimental infection were challenged a second time at either 14, 35, 41 or 56 days after passive immunization. Brook trout were protected against a second experimental bath challenge with virulent A. salmonicida for a period of 35–41 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00307.x
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  • 8
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    Peculiar cases of intracardiac parasitism in the pilchard, Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum), by a pennellid copepod belonging to the genus Lernaeenicus (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The pilchard, Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum), is parasitized in coastal waters in the Languedoc-Roussillon region (South of France) by a copepod species which belongs to the genus Lernaeenicus (Siphonostomatoida, Pennellidae). These mesoparasites become established in various parts of the body of the host (eye, lateral muscle or muscle at the bases of fins). Examination of specimens which had penetrated at the root of pectoral fins revealed that some had penetrated the heart. A curious case of transcardiac parasitism was observed. Host tissue reactions caused by the presence of parasites are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00311.x
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  • 9
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    Birds and wild fish as potential vectors of Yersinia ruckeri (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00313.x
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  • 10
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    Tolerance of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum), sac fry to dissolved gas supersaturation (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The tolerance of sac fry of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum), to the acute effects of gas supersaturation, from hatching to swim-up, was tested using six gas levels, ranging from ΔP 8 to 148. Although many fish were moribund by the time the yolk was nearly absorbed, mortality during the 40-day study was negligible; survival to swim-up was 96–99%, including 99% survival at ΔP 148. Of fish examined at ΔP 42, 40% showed bubble formation around the rim of the eye. Signs of trauma were greatest at ΔP 119 and 148, and included intestinal bubbles, a distended abdomen, and bubbles around the eye, in the mouth and in jaw tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00312.x
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  • 11
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    Book Review (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:Disease Diagnosis and Control in North American Marine Aquaculture. C. J. Sindermann and D. V. Lightner
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00314.x
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  • 12
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    Use of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in the detection of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), antibodies to Edwardsiella ictaluri (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The use of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of channel catfish antibody to Edwardsiella ictaluri is described. Changes in agglutination titre in fish immunized with Edwardsiella ictaluri heat killed whole bacterins or lipopolysaccharides were reflected by corresponding changes in elisa readings. Relatively high correlations were observed among elisa OD readings, computed elisa titres and corresponding agglutination titres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00280.x
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  • 13
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    An investigation into oxytetracycline residues in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. An outbreak of clinical furunculosis in commercially reared Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., broodfish in fresh water was successfully treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of oxytetracycline. The mean serum oxytetracycline residue in these fully mature fish did not decline and, at 8 weeks post-injection, was 3·7 μg/ml. In contrast, the mean serum residues in other fully mature but healthy fish declined during an 8-week experimental period to 1·3 μg/ml. The mean concentration of oxytetracycline in the liver of healthy mature fish was approximately two-fold that of similar aged but non-mature fish, and approximately four-fold the concentration found in post-smolts. Oxytetracycline residues 8 weeks after injection exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration required for oxytetracycline sensitive Aeromonas salmonicida isolates in all groups, therefore under these circumstances, this antibiotic may be effective at a lower dose than that currently recommended. The histology of the liver from the furunculosis-surviving broodfish showed an increase in tissue lesions when compared with the other mature and non-mature fish in fresh water. The combination of prior infection and the physiological status of fasting broodfish may have influenced the rate at which this antibiotic is removed, and, in cases where these residues persist, there may be further damage to the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00279.x
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  • 14
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    Lysozyme from rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, as an antibacterial agent against fish pathogens (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The antibacterial effect of two lysozyme variants purified from rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, kidney was investigated as part of a project directed towards increasing the disease resistance of fish by the transgenic technique. Seven bacterial strains from five Gram-negative species, of which one was considered non-pathogenic, were examined. One of the rainbow trout lysozymes was surprisingly potent, having substantial antibacterial activity on all strains tested. Hen egg-white lysozyme was bactericidal only against the one species considered non-pathogenic. The data suggest that lysozyme does play a role in the disease defence of rainbow trout and that the gene for the most active lysozyme may be suitable for testing the transgenic strategy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00281.x
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  • 15
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    Withdrawal times of freshwater rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, after treatment with oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline and trimetoprim (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Oxolinic acid (OA), oxytetracyline (OTC) and trimetoprim (TMP) were investigated in whole gutted rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, and in their skin, muscle and blood, at 6, 12 and 18°C. Concentrations of drugs were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. It is recommended that withdrawal times for rainbow trout be based on whole gutted rainbow trout and not, as in earlier investigations, from residual concentrations in muscle. Any concentrations in rainbow trout feed were found to be stable during the pelleting process used and up to 81 days after pelleting. The absorption of the drugs in rainbow trout show different temperature dependencies. A quantitative comparison of our overall data from this work with individual results from earlier investigations was undertaken. Suggested withdrawal times for freshwater rainbow trout treated with these drugs are: for OTC, 90 days below 6°C, 70 days between 6 and 12°C and 60 days above 12°C; for TMP, 60 days below 8°C and 40 days above 8°C; for OA, 20 days at approximately 18°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb01287.x
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  • 16
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    Chromatoblastomas and related pigmented lesions in deepwater redfish, Sebastes mentella (Travin), from North Atlantic areas, especially the Irminger Sea (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study involved 34 960 specimens of deepwater redfish, Sebastes mentella (Travin), from the North Atlantic, 21 460 of them from the Irminger Sea. One hundred and three specimens of this species, 96 with pigmented lesions, were examined histologically. The black patches on the redfish skin proved to be superficial melanosis (48 cases) and deep melanosis (24 cases). Skin pterinophorosis was noted in 20 cases. Pigment tissue neoplasms were observed in 26 fish; all were benign chromatoblastomas. Fourteen tumours were diagnosed as melanomas originating from melanophores, seven as pterinophoromas originating from pterinophores, and five as pterino-melanophoromas or melano-pterinophoromas of mixed origin of both chromatophore types. The tumours on the trunk of redfish occurred only in pigmented areas larger than 20 cm2. Fish with such areas constitute no more than 2.4% of the total Irminger Sea redfish population. Most (76.2%) of pigmented lesions in this redfish population did not exceed 5 cm2 in area. The arrangement of pigmented areas differed in males and females. In females, 97% of patches were found between the pectoral and the first dorsal fins, whilst in males, 84% of patches were situated on the head and caudal fin. Pigmented lesions occurred 2–5 times more often in females than males. The causes of pigment tissue neoplasms and pigmented lesions in deepwater redfish are unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb01234.x
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  • 17
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    Degenerative retinopathy in captive Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (L.) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Blindness developed in Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (L.), within 4 weeks of captivity in an indoor open culture system. Ophthalmoscopic changes indicative of retinal degeneration were substantiated by the absence of retinal electrical activity as measured by conventional electroretinography. Results of histological evaluation suggest that photo-receptor degeneration, occurring initially in the rods of the central retina, was the primary abnormality. With chronicity, all retinal layers degenerated, and marked pigment proliferation developed. Other pathological changes included uveal vascular engorgement, vitreal and anterior chamber haemorrhage, and cataracts. With the exception of dermal hyperpigmentation, no systemic abnormalities were consistently observed. Phototoxicity is the suspected cause of this degenerative retinopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb01288.x
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  • 18
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    Fusarium solani isolated from newborn bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo (L.) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb01291.x
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  • 19
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    Observations on the role of the caseinase enzyme in the pathogenesis of furunculosis (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The role of the caseinase extracellular enzyme in the pathogenesis of furunculosis was investigated. Natural and mutant strains of Aeromonas salmonicida which were unable, or limited, in their ability to produce this enzyme were studied. The virulence of the mutant strains of A. salmonicida was not significantly reduced by the lack of extracellular caseinase production. Furthermore, there was no difference in the toxicity of extracellular products produced by these mutant strains and the wild-type A. salmonicida strain studied. It is reasonable to assume from these results that the caseinase enzyme has no major role in the pathogenesis of A. salmonicida infections.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb01289.x
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  • 20
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    Continued defence of salmonid fish against Saprolegnia fungus, after its establishment (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb01292.x
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  • 21
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    Ulcerative disease rhabdovirus: cell-line susceptibility and serological comparison with other fish rhabdoviruses (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Five isolates of a rhabdovirus associated with a severe ulcerative disease of striped snakehead, Ophicephalus striatus, and other freshwater fish in S.E. Asia were examined for growth in a range of cold and warm water fish cell lines and for serological relationships to other pathogenic fish rhabdoviruses. All five isolates grew in AS, BF-2, snakehead, O. striatus and O. micropeltis, and climbing perch, Anabas testudineus, cell lines. CHSE-214, RTG-2, EPC, Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, cell lines were all refractory to infection. Cross neutralization tests showed the ulcerative disease rhabdovirus (UDRV) to be serologically distinct from VHSV, IHNV, EVA, EVX, SVCV, PFRV and perch rhabdovirus. UDRV appears to be a new distinct pathogen of freshwater fish in S.E. Asia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb01290.x
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  • 22
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    Potential invasive factors associated with Vibrio carchariae, an opportunistic pathogen for sharks (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb01293.x
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  • 23
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    Infection of cultured cells from the lymphoid organ of Penaeus monodon Fabricius by monodon-type baculovirus (MBV) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb01294.x
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  • 24
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    Occurrence of the fish pathogen Vibrio salmonicida in faeces from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., after experimental infection (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00570.x
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  • 25
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    Book Review (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Fish Nutrition. 2nd edn. Edited by John E. Halver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00571.x
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    Biography: Ken Wolf (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00552.x
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    Association of Aeromonas sobria with mortalities of adult gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum Lesueur (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This report describes an epizootic in a natural population of spawning females of gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum Lesueur, which occurred in the Potomac River (Maryland, USA). Microbiological analysis of moribund shad revealed the presence in pure culture in all the organs examined of one bacterium which was identified as Aeromonas sobria by conventional tube and plate tests. The different API-systems used to attempt for a rapid diagnosis of the disease yielded false negative and positive reactions in important differential tests such as ornithine decarboxylase, arabinose fermentation, gelatinase, urease, indole and production of H2S which gave an erroneous identification of the shad isolate. The virulence assays in rainbow trout revealed that A. sobria was pathogenic with a mean LD50 of 2 × 105. Bacterial extracellular products also displayed fish lethality and were cytotoxic for poikilothermic and homeothermic cell-lines. Although the source of shad infection is unknown, the physico-chemical conditions of the river, together with the stress associated with the spawning could have been contributing factors in the proliferation of A. sobria inducing this epizootic.
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    Histopathology of gonadal neoplasms in cyprinid fish from the lower Great Lakes of North America (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The hybrids of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), collected from the lower Great Lakes between 1978 and 1981 exhibited epizootics of gonadal neoplasms which were rare in the parental species. The gonadal histology of male and female carp captured for this study was typical of a successfully reproducing population but the hybrids appeared to be sterile. In male hybrids meiosis was often completed, but spermatids usually degenerated in early spermiogenesis. In female hybrids, vitellogenesis was frequently completed but there was no evidence of final maturation or ovulation. Proliferations of undifferentiated germ cells and stromal cells were evident in the tumour nodules of both the male and female hybrids and were considered to represent neoplastic transformations. Proliferations of Sertoli cells were common in males and in the male portion of intersex gonads, which were present in some hybrids. The Sertoli cells of these individuals were well differentiated, formed tubules and accumulated large stores of lipid. Extensive degeneration of germinal cells was often apparent in areas of Sertoli cell proliferation as were numerous, large, melano-macrophage centres. Gonadal stromal cell tumours did not form tubules or accumulate lipid. The spindle cells of these neoplasms could be found in homogeneous sheets or intermixed to varying degrees with the early stages of germ cells and/or connective tissue elements.
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  • 29
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    Evidence that superficial branchial colonies on the gills of Salmo salar L. are not Aeromonas salmonicida (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The indirect immunoperoxidase technique (IPT) was used to examine specific superficial colonies of organisms observed on the gills of salmonids. The evidence obtained suggested that the superficial colonies were not a form of Aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis. Application of the IPT to bacterial smears and previously stained histological sections from a case of furunculosis, confirmed the sensitivity of the technique and suggested the presence of common antigens between A. salmonicida and members of the Vibrionaceae, Pseudomonaceae and Enterobacteriaceae.
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    The experimental histopathology of Lernaea polymorpha Yu, 1938 infection in naive Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson) and a comparison with the lesion in naturally infected clinically resistant fish (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson), fingerlings which had not been previously exposed to nauplii of Lernaea polymorpha were infected and sacrificed at various time intervals up to 21 days. Clinical observations showed that punctate haemorrhages developed following skin penetration at 13 days post-exposure. The adult female parasite was observed embedded in the skin and histopathology showed that the parasite penetrated the host tissue at an angle, sliding between the overlapping scales. It caused extensive tissue disruption, necrosis and haemorrhage along its path of entry, which was followed by an acute inflammatory response succeeded by a highly vascular chronic granulomatous fibrosis, whereby collagen fibres encapsulated the horns of the parasite. This contrasted with the predominantly haemorrhagic ulcerative lesions examined on immune fish subjected to natural infection, which were extensive but rarely accompanied by penetration through the dermis. There was a very extensive infiltrate of eosinophilic granular cells, club cells and lymphocytes within the spongiotic epidermis and the extensive haemorrhage was largely subepidermal.
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    Immunoglobulin heterogeneity in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Hetereogeneity of rainbow trout immunoglobulins was demonstrated by using monoclonal antibody 1A6 and polyacrylamide-gradient gel electrophoresis. Immunoglobulins defined by elisa using monoclonal antibody 1A6 were about 30% of the total immunoglobulins, detected by elisa using polyclonal antibodies, in healthy rainbow trout. In trout obtained from farms with a previous history of infectious viral diseases, 1A6-immunoglobulins were only about 14% of the total. Several serum pools from infected trout could be totally depleted of 1A6-immunoglobulins (about 12% of total immunoglobulins) by affinity chromatography over Sepharose immobilized monoclonal antibody 1A6. Polyacrylamide-gradient gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions of total immunoglobulins, 1A6 immunoglobulins and no-1A6 immunoglobulins purified by affinity chromatography, showed a majority heavy chain of 70 KDa and a minority heavy chain of about 60 KDa, two light chains of 24 and 26 KDa, and a 11–14 KDa polypeptide.
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    Aeromonas salmonicida: development of resistance to 4-quinolone antimicrobials (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This paper examines aspects of the resistance of Aeromonas salmonicida isolates to the major fish farming antimicrobials. The antimicrobial resistance of an extensive chronological series of isolates appears to reflect the changing use of different compounds in fish farming since 1969. Repetitive challenge by 50% MIC concentrations of 4-quinolone antimicrobials against selective isolation of viable colonies resulted in a 7·2 × increase in resistance in 12 generations, demonstrating the likely outcome of drug misuse.
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    Bacteriology and parasitology of red spot disease in sea mullet, Mugil cephalus L., from eastern Australia (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Bacteria and cutaneous ectoparasites associated with red spot disease (RSD) in sea mullet, Mugil cephalus L., from the Clarence and Richmond Rivers in north-east New South Wales were identified. Various bacteria, including Aeromonas spp., Alcaligenes spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Vibrio spp. were recovered from lesions designated erythematous dermatitis, necrotizing dermatitis and dermal ulcer, but no genus was consistently dominant in cultures from any of the lesion types. Vibrio anguillarum, previously proposed as the cause of RSD, was recovered from four of 37 lesions of erythematous dermatitis, none of 46 lesions of necrotizing dermatitis and eight of 36 dermal ulcers. Bacteria were recovered only rarely from liver and posterior kidney of diseased fish. These results suggest that none of the bacteria isolated is the primary cause of RSD. There was no evidence that cutaneous ectoparasites, including the digencan Prototransversotrema steeri, are significant in the pathogenesis of RSD in sea mullet. None were found on eight normal fish collected in the month preceding a major RSD outbreak. In the first 2 months of the outbreak, none were found on 18 fish with erythematous dermatitis, eight with dermal ulcers or 11 of 12 normal fish. A single digenean, morphologically consistent with P. steeri, was recovered from a normal fish collected during this latter period.
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    Morphological and biochemical differences among isolates of Yersinia ruckeri obtained from wide geographical areas (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of 147 strains of Yersinia ruckeri obtained from Australia, South Africa, North America and Europe were compared. The majority of strains could be divided into coccobacillary organisms or medium sized rods, but this morphological diversity was not correlated with any particular biochemical characteristic. Overall, 18% of strains were non-motile but this was geographically biased in that 23 out of 26 non-motile strains were isolated in the UK. Gelatin and casein hydrolysis, acetoin production, sorbitol fermentation and Tween hydrolysis were the most variable biochemical reactions. Tween hydrolysis reactions differed from the other variable characteristics in that, with the exception of a single motile reference strain, all Tween hydrolysis negative strains were non-motile and vice versa. It is suggested that non-motile, Tween hydrolysis negative strains be recognised as Y. ruckeri biotype 2.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00324.x
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  • 35
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    Comparative sensitivity of carp, Cyprinus carpio L. and rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, to Renibacterium salmoninarum (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The pathogenicity of Renibacterium salmoninarum to carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, was investigated. All carp injected with 4·8 × 108 cells/fish, or 4·8 × 107 cells/fish survived for 38 days. R. salmoninarum was isolated from all moribund fish, but not from the kidney of surviving fish, although R. salmoninarum antigen was detected in several of these fish by the dot blot assay. On the other hand, mortality in rainbow trout was 95% in the fish injected with 4·8 × 108 cells/fish, and 15% in those which received 4·8 × 107 cells/fish. R. salmoninarum antigen was detected by the dot blot assay in all surviving rainbow trout. The number of R. salmoninarum cells was immediately decreased by carp or rainbow trout serum, and the serum bactericidal activity of carp was higher than that of rainbow trout. Carp blood leucocytes had higher phagocytic activity than those of rainbow trout.
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    An in vitro study on the haemolytic components from Cryptobia salmositica (Sarcomastigophora: Kinetoplastida) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00327.x
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    Complement activity in Salmo gairdneri Richardson infected with Cryptobia salmositica (Sarcomastigophora: Kinetoplastida) and its relationship to the anaemia in cryptobiosis (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00328.x
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  • 38
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    Book Reviews (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: Fish Vaccination. Edited by A. E. ELLIS. Fish Viruses and Fish Viral Diseases. By Ken Wolf.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00329.x
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  • 39
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    Histopathology and prevalence of epidermal papillomas epidemic in brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus (Lesueur), and white sucker, Catostomus commersoni (Lacépède), populations from Ontario, Canada (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. White sucker, Catostomus commersoni (Lacépède), and brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus (Lesueur), populations throughout the Great Lakes examined for evidence of pollution associated neoplasia exhibited a variety of morphologically distinct skin lesions. Three types of skin lesions affected white suckers: (a) focal on the lips, (b) discrete on the body, or (c) raised mucoid focal lesions on the skin and fins. Histologically, all three types featured a continuum between mild epidermal hyperplasia and benign papillomata. Brown bullheads exhibited a single variably shaped raised lesion on all body surfaces and within the oral cavity in addition to focal lip lesions. All bullhead lesions exhibited a continuum between mild epithelial hyperplasia and papillomata. Some skin lesions in both species were invasive but most abnormalities represented some stage in the development of epidermal papillomas. These papillomas superficially resemble papillomas common in many fish species and which are associated with viruses, but sucker and bullhead papillomas exhibit a unique range of histopathological and gross morphological appearances. The high prevalence of these papillomas, affecting up to 60% of some populations in polluted areas, supports the possibility that carcinogenic chemicals in the sediments are influencing papilloma development.
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    Hepatocellular carcinoma and fatty infiltration in the Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The livers of Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum), from the Hudson and Pawcatuck Rivers were evaluated histologically and described using paraffin and plastic sections. Fatty infiltration, basophilic foci, areas of cellular alteration and hepatocellular carcinoma were widespread in Hudson River samples. In fact, no truly normal tissues were found. Pawcatuck samples had variable levels of lipid and a low prevalence of other alterations. Evaluation of the histological evidence suggests that hepatocellular carcinoma in Hudson River tomcod results from multiple DNA lesions and that areas of cellular alteration give rise to the larger, more invasive form of hepatocellular carcinoma. Glutaraldehyde and OsO4 fixed livers were used to determine differences in cell types and lipid levels. Pawcatuck samples possessed hepatocytes and dark cells forming the parenchymal tissue, whereas Hudson samples lacked dark cells. Hepatic lipid levels were significantly higher in Hudson River fish than in Pawcatuck fish, 36·3 and 11·0% respectively. The elevated hepatic lipid levels in Hudson River tomcod may represent a metabolic response to detoxification.
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  • 41
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    Salmonid whirling disease: myxosporean and actinosporean stages cross-react in direct fluorescent antibody test (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Serologic relatedness of the two life stages of the salmonid whirling disease parasite Myxosoma cerebralis Hofer, 1903 — myxosporean spores from fish cartilage and actinosporean triactinomyxon spores from aquatic tubificids — were investigated. When the direct fluorescent antibody technique was used, anti-triactinomyxon and anti-M. cerebralis rabbit sera conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate cross-reacted with the respective heterologous life stage. Both stages showed similar locations of specific fluorescence with conjugates of either homologous or heterologous serum. Thus, serology supports the relatedness of the myxosporean M. cerebralis and the actinosporean triactinomyxon stages.
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    Chlamydiosis: a newly reported serious disease of larval and postmetamorphic bay scallops, Argopecten irradians (Lamarck) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Diseases of bivalve molluscs characterized by the presence of prokaryotic intra-cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in epithelial cells are reviewed. The paper reports the history, clinical and pathological findings during hatchery epizootics of chlamydiosis in larval and postmetamorphic bay scallops, Argopecten irradians (Lamarck), and enzootic infection in wild, captive and cultured adult and juvenile bay scallops during a 15-year period (1972–1987) of surveillance for scallop diseases in the northeastern Atlantic coastal region of the United States. The disease was found in 44·4% of adult bay scallop laboratory accessions as an endemic disease without overt clinical signs or mortalities, and as a highly fatal epizootic disease with a rapid course in 20% of hatchery-reared larval and postmetamorphic bay scallop accessions. The pathogenesis and development of the chlamydial agent during hatchery epizootics are described. The importance of the congenital ‘childhood’ diseases of larval bay scallops and other species of bivalve molluscs is discussed.
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    Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eucoccidorida) in hardy head fish, Atherinomorus capricornensis (Woodland) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00290.x
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  • 44
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    ROLE OF MHC, Mls AND TCR IN IMMUNE TOLERANCE (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: MHC class II molecules and self antigens, such as Mls, influence T-cell selection by clonal deletion of potentially self-reactive T cells. In order to examine the role of various class II molecules in the T-cell receptor-self antigen interaction, class II transgenic and recombinant mice were analysed for TCR expression. Our studies indicate that the Aα and Eα chains can present Mls gene products for the clonal deletion of Vβ6-bearing T cells, and that the Aαq chain is defective in this process. We have also shown that Eα Aβ heterodimer in transgenic and recombinant mice is expressed and functions to delete I-E reactive Vβ11 T cells, demonstrating again the role of the Eα molecule.
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    EVIDENCE THAT DERIVATION OF THE ADENOCARCINOMA LT85 PREDATED ESTABLISHMENT OF THE H-2km2 MUTATION IN A C3HF COLONY OF MICE (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The adenocarcinoma LT85 was chemically induced in a mouse from a C3Hf colony shown subsequently to be inbred for a gene conversion-like mutation at the H-2K locus, characterized by a clustered four nucleotide substitution in exon 3. The H-2K phenotype of LT85, however, more closely resembles that of C3H rather than the mutant strain now designated C3Hf H-2km2. We cloned and sequenced the H-2K gene from this tumor to determine whether (i) LT85 might carry a tumor-associated somatic reversion of the H-2Kkm2 germline mutation or (ii) the tumor was induced in a mouse that was genetically H-2k rather than H-2km2. Our analysis confirmed that the LT85 H-2K allele is identical throughout the entire coding region to C3H H-2Kk. To exclude the possibility of a somatic reversion by recombination, we used an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the region altered in H-2k to show that the C3Hf genome lacks the necessary coding information to reverse the H-2Kkm2 mutation through a sequence exchange with another class I locus. Since it is unlikely that multiple independent point mutations would account for restoration of this stretch of H-2Kk sequences, the tumor was probably established in a mouse carrying a normal H-2Kk allele, possibly at a point prior to the establishment of the H-2Kkm2 mutation as a homozygous trait within the C3Hf colony.
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  • 46
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    NOVEL HUMAN MHC CLASS I GENES ARE EXPRESSED BY TUMOUR CELL LINES REPRESENTING EMBRYONIC AND EXTRAEMBRYONIC TISSUES (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The expression of HLA class I(-like) genes was studied in two human developmental turnour cell lines representing embryonic (Tera-2) and extra-embryonic (Jeg-3) origins. Neither cell line expresses polymorphic HLA-A, -B, -C antigens as determined by standard serological typing. Tera-2 cells express the HLA class I-like T cell system A (TCA) determinants; Jeg-3 cells are TCA negative. Northern blot analysis using an HLA class I α3 domain specific probe revealed markedly reduced levels of HLA class I(-like) transcripts in both cell lines, which can be upregulated in Tera-2 cells by incubation with gamma interferon (γIFN). Immunoprecipitation studies with a large panel of HLA class I/beta-2 microglobulin (β2m) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), detect low quantities of regular HLA class I heavy chains that are not associated with β2m on the surface of Tera-2 cells. In contrast, Jeg-3 cells express significant amounts of cell membrane β2m associated molecules of 41 and 45 kilodalton (kD). Screening of a Tera-2 cDNA library, yielded 30 clones that hybridize to a full length HLA class I cDNA probe. Sixteen have been characterized and represent HLA class I sequences, consistent with the haplotype of Tera-2. A similar screening of a Jeg-3 cDNA library isolated clones representing a single novel HLA-C-like sequence; this probably codes for the 45 kD cell surface molecules of Jeg-3. The 41 kD molecule may be encoded by the HLA-6.0 gene since this is constitutively expressed in Jeg-3 cells.
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    SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION VIA MHC CLASS II ANTIGENS ON B LYMPHOCYTES (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The role of the MHC class II antigens in the activation of resting human B lymphocytes (B-Go) was examined with respect to both early and late events in the activation process.The (Ca2+)i induced by anti-IgM was enhanced in the presence of, or following pre-incubation with, an anti-MHC class II DR antibody (D1.12). Pre-incubation with a sepharose conjugated antibody (Seph.-D1.12) augmented the proliferation of B-Go in response to a sub-optimal concentration of anti-IgM.The 2D PAGE profile of B-Go differed from that of in vivo activated B lymphocytes. The 2D PAGE profile of B-Go activated by Seph.-D1.12 was not identical to the profile of B-Go activated by either anti-IgM or PMA.These data suggest that the activation of B-Go via the class II antigens shares part of the pathway of anti-IgM induced activation but does not follow an identical pathway.
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    ORGANIZATION OF THE AKR Qa REGION: STRUCTURE OF A DIVERGENT CLASS I SEQUENCE, Q5k (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We established the organization of the AKR Qa region and determined the sequence of the 44 and Q5 genes. Restriction mapping and genomic Southern blot analysis revealed that the AKR strain codes for only three H-2K homologous genes in this region. The AKR Q5 gene is not homologous to the Q5 gene of the C57BL strain, but is presumably allelic to the Q5 gene isolated from Balb/c. The organization and structure of the AKR Qa family is virtually identical to the Qa genes of the C3H mouse. The AKR Q5 gene, in contrast to other H-2K homologous Qa region genes, codes for a typical transmembrane region, and upon transfection into BHK cells, a 1.6 kb Q5 transcript is detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00474.x
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    H-2Kb TRANSFECTION OF B16 MELANOMA CELLS RESULTS IN REDUCED TUMOURIGENICITY AND METASTATIC COMPETENCE (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The metastatic B16 mouse melanoma shows a low cell surface expression of H-2Kb and H-2Db class I antigens on cells of both the high-metastatic line B16-F10 and the low-metastatic line B16-F1. Similarly, newly generated clones of these lines, having different metastatic properties, all express low levels of major histo-compatibility antigens. One of these clones, the high-metastatic F10.9, was transfected with H-2Kb genes to generate H-2Kb-expressing transfectants. The resulting clones showed reduced tumourigenicity and a low metastatic phenotype. Unlike the parental cells, H-2Kb-positive transfectants are potent inducers and sensitive targets of H-2Kb-restricted syngeneic cytotoxic T cells. Immunization of mice with H-2Kb-positive transfectants conferred protection against a subsequent challenge with Kb-positive transfectants but had only a small effect on growth and metastatic spread of parental cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00475.x
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    TNF-alpha GENE POLYMORPHISMS: ASSOCIATION WITH TYPE I (INSULIN-DEPENDENT) DIABETES MELLITUS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The localization of TNF genes on the short arm of chromosome 6 between HLA B and the complement genes focused attention to that genetic region which harbours many immunologically relevant genes and is also thought to hold susceptibility genes for a variety of autoimmune diseases that are linked to specific alleles of particular loci in the HLA D region. Since the recently established HLA-DR-DQ variation accounts only for part of the genetic susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) we searched for genomic variation of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha. We have identified a TNF-alpha restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with N coI and analysed diabetic patients including their families, controls and homozygous typing cell lines (HTC) defined by the 10th International Histocompatibility Workshop. Segregation analysis in families and HTC results show a strong linkage of the TNF-alpha 5.5 kb allele with DR types in particular with AIB8DR3. This tight linkage of TNF-alpha alleles with extended haplotypes and the significant increase of heterozygotes in patients could lead to some explanation of the DR3 association with a variety of autoimmune diseases particularly IDDM.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00494.x
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    HLA-DP ANTIGENS AND HTLV-1 ANTIBODY STATUS AMONG JAPANESE WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: EVIDENCE FOR AN INCREASED FREQUENCY OF HLA-DPw4. (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Previously, an association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and HLA-DPw4 has been reported in Scandinavians. In the present study, the distribution of HLA-DP antigens was studied in 34 Japanese MS patients, a11 of whom fulfilled the criteria for definite MS. HLA-DP typings for DPwl through w6 and the local specificity, CDP-HEI, were performed using the primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) technique. In addition, the patients were typed for a DR2 +, Dw2 +/Dw12–related, PLT defined specificity. The distribution of DPw1-w5 in 121 healthy, unrelated Japanese controls were from Nishimura et al., 1984; Nishimura, personal communication). Sera from all 34 patients and 38 controls (both from the HTLV-1 non-endemic, Kyoto region) were examined for the presence of HTLV-1 reacting antibodies by a highly sensitive radioimmuno assay (RIA) using two sources of HTLV-1 antigens, namely total crude protein preparations from disrupted HTLV-1 virions and affinity purified p24 HTLV-1 core proteins.The frequency of DPw4 was significantly increased to 35.3% in Japanese MS patients compared to 16.5% in controls (Relative Risk, RR = 2.8, p = 1.9 × 10−2). 41.6% of the MS patients gave clear typing responses with a PLT reagent which recognized a Dw2+ related specificity, which is higher than the frequency of Dw2 (6.8%) in Japanese.Fourteen of the 34 patient sera contrasting to none of the sera from 38 controls contained antibodies of IgG and/or IgM subclasses reacting with the HTLV-1 derived antigens. This difference is highly significant (P 〈 1 × 10−5). However, there was no association between DP or Dw2 phenotypes and antibody status.These data provide evidence that genes within (or closely linked to) the HLA-DP region confer susceptibility to MS in two genetically different ethnic groups: Japanese and Scandinavians.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00496.x
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    SUSCEPTIBILITY EPITOPE ON HLA-DR β CHAIN FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND THE EFFECT OF THE POSITIVITY ON THE CLINICAL FEATURES (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A highly significant association of an amino acid sequence, ‘70Q71R72R73A74A’ located on the DRβ-1 chain, with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was confirmed in Japanese patients using polymerase chain reaction. The ‘70QRRA74A’ is the most plausible candidate of susceptibility epitope in Japanese RA patients. The patients carrying the sequence showed slightly higher but not significant familial incidence. The positivity of the ‘QRRAA’ showed no effect on the positivity of the rheumatoid factor, rheumatoid nodules, and extra-articular signs. Also no significant differences in other clinical parameters (ESR, CRP, Hb, A/G) and age at onset were observed regarding the positivity. The risk that the ‘QRRAA’ positive subjects would suffer from RA was estimated to be about 1.3% which meant 7.2 times easier to get RA than those without ‘QRRAA’.
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    GENERATION OF SYNGENEIC ANTI-TUMOUR DOUBLE NEGATIVE CELLS (CD4− CD8−), WITH CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY AGAINST CLONES OF DIFFERENT MHC CLASS I EXPRESSION. (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In vivo immunization and secondary culture techniques were used to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes against a tumour cell clone obtained from a methylcholantrene-induced fibrosarcoma. Our CTLs differed from classical CTLs (Ly2 + and MHC restricted) in that our lymphocytes exhibited a non-MHC restricted cytotoxic activity directed to the original tumour and to other MCA-induced tumours, but have failed to demonstrate any killing activity against a wide range of tumour cell lines of diverse origin (including NK sensitive targets). Depletion and phenotypic studies demonstrated that these cells bear the Thy1.2 antigen but are negative for both Ly2 and L3T4 antigens. These CTLs may belong to a double negative subset (CD4−, CD8−) involved in the anti-tumour response.
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: R. H. Michell, A. H. Drummond and C. P. Downes (eds). Inositol Lipids in Cell Signalling.J. Gergely: Multifunctional IgG and IgG-Binding Receptors.
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    IMMUNOGENETIC STUDIES OF SPONTANEOUS ABORTION IN MICE: III. NON-H-2 ANTIGENS AND GESTATION (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: CBA/J (H-2k) females, mated with DBA/2 J (H-2d) or DBA/1 J (H-2q) males, exhibit a high rate of fetal resorption. In contrast, when H-2 identical CBA substrains (i.e. CBA/Ca and CBA/N) are used, this phenomenon is not observed. On the other hand, before mating with DBA/2 J males, pre-immunization of CBA/J females with spleen cells coming from BALB/c J or (DBA/2 x BALB/c J) F1 males (and not from other H-2d identical males whatever their Mls alleles) has significantly decreased the fetal resorption rate. Thus, immunization against determinants other than classical H-2d (K, I, D, L) antigens (transmitted as a dominant character and different from Mls determinants) can elicit anti-abortive effects. Furthermore, it was observed that the spleen cell endowed with the anti-abortive effects was neither a T nor a B lymphocyte. In contrast, peritoneal cells were able to reproduce the phenomenon, indicating that it may be mediated by a cell of the macrophage-monocyte lineage. Finally, a first gestation was substituted for allo-immunization of CBA/J females. The anti-abortive effects of a first pregnancy by BALB/c J males (and not by other H-2k syngeneic or H-2d allogeneic males) was observed in the course of a second pregnancy sired by DBA/2 J males. These data can be interpreted in terms of maternal recognition of an antigen present on both macrophages and trophoblast cells and necessary for a successful gestation, which is coded for by genes outside the K, I, D, L regions.
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    T-CELL DEPLETION OF HUMAN BONE MARROW (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The myelo-ablative effects of high-dose therapy for refractory cancer can be overcome by the transplantation of bone marrow from an HLA-matched normal donor. Suitable donors are available for only one patient in three, and even minor disparities at HLA loci can produce graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in transplant recipients. Depletion of T lymphocytes from the marrow in vitro can reduce the incidence and severity of GvHD.In this paper we review the use of immunomagnetic cell separation for the depletion of mature T cells from bone marrow. This procedure uses monoclonal antibodies to identify the target cells. These are then rosetted with anti-immunoglobulin-coated paramagnetic microspheres and collected by exposure of the marrow to a magnetic field. Factors impacting the efficiency of the separation, including choice of anti-immunoglobulin and monoclonal antibodies, incubation conditions and methods for residual cell detection, are outlined.The relative limitations and advantages of the method are discussed in relation to other techniques. It is concluded that the flexibility of the immunomagnetic procedure, in its ability to be used for both positive and negative selection of T-cell subsets, or for pan-T-cell depletion, could make it the method of choice in this application.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00452.x
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    QUANTIFICATION OF LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS BASED ON POSITIVE IMMUNOMAGNETIC SELECTION OF CELLS DIRECTLY FROM BLOOD (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Lymphocyte subset quantification can be performed directly in unseparated anticoagulated blood by means of immunomagnetic (IM) particles. The method is fast and reliable and so simple as to be employable in small laboratories. This article reviews the method in detail and describes the results obtained with the IM quantification method in some clinical situations.
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    RABBIT MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.: III. MULTIPLE CLASS II DRβ GENES AND RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM OF THE CLASS II α AND β GENES (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Several class II α and β chain genes of the rabbit MHC have been cloned and classified into three distinct subregions, R-DP, R-DQ and R-DR, based on their homology to the corresponding HLA-DP, -DQ and -DR genes. The organization of the rabbit MHC class II genes has now been studied in greater detail by analysing genomic DNA of an inbred III/J strain and several other RLA-D homozygous rabbits, with DNA probes derived from cloned R-DRβ genes. Eight previously cloned R-DRβ genes were shown to be allelic forms of five R-DRβ loci. Genomic blot analyses of DNA from seven rabbits homozygous for different RLA haplotypes revealed that the germline contains a total of approximately seven class II β genes, one DQβ, one DPβ and five DRβ. Extensive allelic polymorphism was identified by RFLP analysis using DQ and DR probes; limited RFLP was observed with DP probes. RFLP analyses allowed us to distinguish two haplotypes which had not been previously distinguished by MLR. Such RFLP analyses will be useful for identifying MHC ‘compatible’ rabbits for various immunobiological studies, including transplantation.
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    REVIEWS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Polar Bears. Ian Stirling, with photographs by Dan Guravich.Whales, Dolphinsand Porpoises. Consulting Editors Sir Richard Harrison and Dr. M. M. Bryden.Biologyand Conservationofthe River Dolphins. W. F. Perrin, R. L. Brownell, Jr., Z. Kaiya and L. Jiankang (eds.).Animal Sonar. Processesand Performance. P. E. Nachtigall and P. W. B. Moore (eds.).North Atlantic Killer Whales. J. Sigurjonsson and S. Leatherwood (eds.).
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    BOOTSTRAP CORRECTION FOR DIURNAL ACTIVITY CYCLE IN CENSUS DATA FOR ANTARCTIC SEALS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Antarctic phocid seals and particularly the crabeater (Lobodon carcinophagus) have been observed to display a diurnal cycle in their propensity to haul out on pack ice where they are visible for census. The fact that they are not visible for much of the 24-h period means that density estimates made over broad geographic areas at various times of the day statistically confound this cycle with geographic variability. Limitation of census observations to times of peak haulout results in extreme logistical difficulties and/or considerable reduction in sample size upon which to base population estimates. Reduced sample size results in high variability in population estimates and broad confidence bands. To develop a model with which to correct density estimates for variability due to diurnal cycle, a series of stationary censuses at fixed locations in the Antarctic continental ice pack was made over significant fractions of several days. A unimodal polynomial model for the observed density variation in any one location was statistically significant; a similar model combining multiple locations with densities standardized to peak daily values was also significant. The latter model was used to make corrections for time of day to density estimates in three test data sets taken over broad geographic areas of the Antarctic. Statistical simulation (bootstrap) methods were used to determine if variances of corrected density estimates were lower than those based on uncorrected observations taken only during the peak haulout times of the day. Results were that 95% interval estimates for corrected densities were narrowed to between 40% and 61% of the uncorrected estimates. While there are additional possible sources of variation in haulout tendency, pending further data collection and analyses, the model developed represents a considerably more precise methodology than either averaging over haulout variability or limiting observations to peak daily periods.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00212.x
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    FLIPPERS AND PINNIPED PHYLOGENY: HAS THE PROBLEM OF CONVERGENCE BEEN OVERRATED? (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The phylogenetic relationships of the major groups of pinnipeds are of longstanding controversy. According to prevailing paleontological opinion, pinnipeds comprise two distinct lineages of independent terrestrial carnivoran origin, A logical correlate of this view is that an enormous degree of convergence accounts for the striking resemblances of these groups.It has been generally supposed that derived similarities common to pinnipeds are independently acquired adaptations to a highly constraining environment. This has not been adequately substantiated. Moreover, considerable evidence favors a contrary conclusion. Acceptance of convergence necessarily rests on demonstration that taxa possessing characters suspected to be convergent are in fact not mutal nearest allies. In the absence of such phylogenetic information, shared derived characters are indicative of common ancestry irrespective of whether they are deemed “functionally important.” Given meager support for the proposition that pinnipeds are related to different terrestrial lineages, it is currently more judicious to regard the group's origin as monophyletic. In addition to the presumed prevalence of convergence, biogeography, the high degree of morphological divergence of phocids, and the aberrant nature of phocines have improperly contributed to acceptance of independent pinniped origins.
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    NOTES ON THE DIET OF MARINE SOTALIA FLUVIATILIS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00353.x
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    MOVEMENTS OF SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS AND SUBANTARCTIC FUR SEALS IN RELATION TO MARION ISLAND (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Based primarily on an intensive marking/resighting program conducted at Marion Island (46°54′S, 37°45′E) in the Southern Ocean, the inter-island movements of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, and fur seals Arctocephalus spp., were investigated to elucidate their little known pelagic phase. Southern elephant seals, in particular immature animals, readily move between the proximate Marion and Prince Edward islands. Some range as far afield as Iles Crozet, approximately 1,000 km distant where they haul out for the summer molt or during an autumn resting phase. The exchange of individuals between Marion Island and Iles Crozet during the return of immatures for the molt after a winter at sea, suggests overlapping of the foraging ranges of the two populations. Despite their wanderings, the majority of M. leonina from Marion Island probably feed in the proximity of the island, and relocate onto the island for breeding, molting and resting. Of the fur seals, only a few A. tropicalis were seen away from their natal island, in some cases covering distances in excess of 2,000 km. displaying a remarkable dispersal capacity.
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    HAUL-OUT PATTERNS, SITE FIDELITY AND ACTIVITY BUDGETS OF MALE HOOKER'S SEA LIONS (PHOCARCTOS HOOKERI) ON THE NEW ZEALAND MAINLAND (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Diurnal and seasonal haul-out patterns, site fidelity and activity budgets of individually identified Hooker's sea lions were studied for two years at Papanui Beach, Otago Peninsula, New Zealand.Fourteen male sea lions were identified. Lengths ranged from 1.65 m–2.28 m and estimated ages from 2-11 yr. The population consisted of four sexually and socially mature (potentially breeding), eight sexually mature but socially immature and two immature males. Most haul-outs (95.6%) were by nine identifiable individuals (Residents) returning on a regular basis, suggesting a high degree of site specificity. Emigration and recruitment were low in relation to the length of the study. Daily arrivals (mean = 0844 h, SD = 1.49) and departures (mean = 1802 h, SD = 1.18) indicate nocturnal feeding. During March 1986 sea lions spent 43.8% of each day ashore (= 78% of daylight hours). Numbers of sea lions hauled out declined in both breeding seasons; in 1986/87 this was due to a decrease in haul-out frequency of resident animals. All but one of these sea lions returned after the breeding season.Sea lions preferentially selected the middle and the extreme ends of the beach as haul-out sites. During winter use was made of the grass dunes as haul-out areas.There were significant differences in the frequencies of behavioral activities between summer and winter; more time was allocated to resting in summer.
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    NORTH PACIFIC HUMPBACK WHALE SONGS: A COMPARISON OF SOUTHEAST ALASKAN FEEDING GROUND SONGS WITH HAWAIIAN WINTERING GROUND SONGS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Humpback whales sing long, complex songs on their wintering grounds. On 25 August 1979 and 3 September 1981, we made recordings of humpback whale songs in southeastern Alaska, showing that humpback whales also sing on the summer feeding grounds. Both these Alaskan samples are songs in that they are repeating cyclical sound patterns and follow the known structure for humpback whale song. The Alaskan songs contain all the same material sung in the same order as that heard off Mexico and Hawaii in the surrounding wintering seasons. However, song, theme and some phrase durations are abbreviated in the Alaskan songs. The recording of these two songs represents the full sample of song recorded from 155 days over five years of attempting to record humpback whale song in Alaskan waters.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00328.x
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    THE DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE AND SELECTED PREY OF THE HARBOR SEAL, PHOCA VITULINA CONCOLOR, IN SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The seasonal distribution and abundance of harbor seals occurring south of Maine were documented by counting the number of seals at traditional haulout locations. The average number of seals counted during each survey in Massachusetts and New Hampshire was 3,560 ± 255 (95% CI), 1983–1987. The maximum number of seals counted on any individual survey was 4,736 individuals. Fifty percent of all the surveys since January 1985 have resulted in counts greater than 4,000 seals reflecting a 27% increase in the abundance of seals in our study area since that date. Seventy-five percent of the seals in southern New England are located at haulout sites on Cape Cod and Nantucket Island. The largest aggregation of seals in the eastern United States occurs mid-winter at Monomoy Island and adjacent shoals. A single high count of 1,672 seals occurred at this site during the study period. An additional 271–374 seals were also counted in Rhode Island, Connecticut and eastern Long Island Sound during surveys conducted in March 1986 and 1987.The American sandlance Ammodytes americanus was the single dominant prey item of harbor seals in waters adjacent to Cape Cod based on the modified frequency of occurrence of each prey species in scat samples collected from three haulout sites on Cape Cod between 1984–1987. During January and February sandlance was the near exclusive prey item at Monomoy (99%, n= 80). During March and April, the frequency of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus increased in the scat samples at this site. Regional differences in the diet of seals reflect distinct prey communities throughout the study area. Since 1986, the percent occurrence and importance of sandlance in the diet of seals has decreased, reflecting an overall decrease in abundance of this prey species in waters adjacent to Cape Cod. In spite of fluctuations in abundance, and regional differences in the diet of seals throughout the study area, sandlance still comprised a minimum 55% of the total prey species of harbor seals throughout the study area.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00331.x
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    A CASE OF ADOPTION IN THE CALIFORNIA SEA OTTER (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00352.x
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    Stunting in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) (Pisces, Cichlidae): An evaluation of past and recent data from Sri Lankan reservoir populations (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Tilapiine fish are known to become stunted under different environmental conditions. Of the tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), once considered to be the aquatic chicken, is now treated as a nuisance species in some countries because of its tendency to stunt easily. O. mossambicus is the mainstay of the commercial gillnet fishery in existence in the multitude of reservoirs in Sri Lanka for over 35 years. Published and new evidence on O. mossambicus population traits are presented with a view to evaluating whether the populations in Sri Lankan reservoirs are stunted or not. The main lines of evidence considered are the mean size at maturity (Lm), the proportion of individuals below 20 cm total length in the commercial landings, and growth performance of the individual reservoir populations. Statistically valid inter-relationships exist between the mean length at maturity and the proportion of undersized individuals (below 20 cm) in the landings, and the ratio of the reservoir catchment or watershed area to surface area. Evidence on Lm indicate that there is a tendency for O. mossambicus populations to stunt, however, evidence on growth and mean landing size do not indicate stunting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1989.tb00493.x
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    The place of fish farming in the highlands and islands of Scotland (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The population of the Scottish Highlands and Islands had been in a steady decline because of a lack in employment opportunities. Under strong encouragement by the Highlands and Islands Development Board, salmon farming has been a significant factor in reversing this decline. In 1988, aquaculture development in Scotland exceeded 20,000 tonnes of salmon, and provided about 1,600 jobs in fish farming, 120 jobs in feed production, and another 1,800 jobs in processing; it is estimated that over 5,000 people are employed in activities serving aquaculture. The spin-off effects of this development are analyzed in detail. Aquaculture production is compared to the “hands on” value of other industries in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland; worth over £ 80,000,000 at the farm gate, salmon farming ranks alongside beef production and white fish in economic value. A salmon production of 60,000 tonnes is predicted for 1990. Taking the expansion of the salmon industry and other aquaculture activities into account, the calculated impact zone covers about 480 ha only and will occupy only about 0.01 % of national scenic areas. Future prospects in the industry as well as user-conflicts are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1989.tb00494.x
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    K-selection characteristics of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) stocks in New Zealand waters (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The distributions of length frequencies subdivided by age of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus: Trachichthyidae) had the modal characteristics of K-selected populations. Oceanographic data showed that the depth strata occupied by orange roughy have boundary characteristics which could lead to the development of non-equilibrium dissipative thermodynamic structures and which would account for the K-selection configuration of orange roughy stocks.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1989.tb00484.x
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    Etude du cycle reproducteur du goujon, Gobio gobio L. 2 Variations saisonnières dans l'histologie des testicules (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Study on the reproductive cycle of the gudgeon, Gobio gobio L. Part 2Monthly samplings of male gudgeons, Gobio gobio L. reared in ponds were carried out to study the spermatogenesis of this cyprinid during an entire annual cycle. Together with macroscopic parameters (GSI, condition coefficients, K and K1, nuptial tubercles) the cytologic characteristics of the testis maturation were analysed. The relationship between environmental conditions and spermatogenesis was also examined. The spermatogenetic cycle of G. gobio was divided in two separate periods: a) from October until March, during which only the spermatogonia (SgA and SgB) were present, and b) a stage of active transformation, from April until August, when all the 5 testicular cells (SgA, SgB, Scyt, Spd, Spz) were determined. Dynamic aspects of spermatogenesis were also investigated by an estimation of the proportion of each cellular stage. Spermiation, by abdominal pressure, occurred from mid-April to end of July.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1989.tb00482.x
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    Hook Selectivity of Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) caught off Darigayos Cove, La Union, Philippines (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Hook selection curve for yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares caught off Darigayos Cove, Northern Luzon, Philippines were estimated using the Baranov/Holt method. Estimated optimum capture length (Lopt) increased with hook size, as did the selection range. Overall selection was found to be very asymmetrical, with small yellowfins n cm below Lopt having a much lower probability of capture than larger yellowfin n cm above Lopt.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Zusammenfassung Hakenselektivität bei Fang von Gelbßossenthunen (Thunnus albacares) vor Darigayos Cove, im Norden von Luzon, PhilippinenSelektionskurven wurden mittels der BaranovHolt-Methode für Haken bestimmt, die bei der Fischerei des Gelbflossenthuns Thunnus albacares bei Darigayos Cove, im Norden von Luzon, Philippinen, Verwendung finden. Die geschätzte optimale Fanglänge (Lopt) und die Selektionsspanne nehmen mit der Größe der Haken zu. Die Selektionskurven sind asymmetrisch, und Gelbflossenthune, die n cm kleiner sind als Lopt, werden mit einer viel geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit gefangen als Gelbflossenthune, die n cm größer sind als Lopt.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméSélectivité d'hameçons dans la pêche d'albacore (Thunnus albacares) au large de Darigayos, Luzon du Nord, PhilippinesLes courbes de sélectivité des hameçons utilisés pour la pêche d'albacore Thunnus albacares au large de Darigayos Cove, Luzon du Nord, Philippines, ont été estimées, sà l'aide de la méthode de Baranov/Holt. La longueur optimale de prise (Lopt) et l'écart de sélectivité augmentent avec la taille de l'hameçon. Les courbes de sélectivité sont très asymétriques et les petits albacores n cm en deçsà de Lopt ont une probabilité de prise beaucoup plus faible que les gros albacores n cm au delsà de Lopt.
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    The Affinities and Relationships of the Japanese Endemic Pseudopyxis (Rubiaceae-Paederieae) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 4 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Selected character states of the presumed allies of Pseudopyxis are described, compared and discussed. Particular attention is paid to the fruits and diaspores and their ways of development and differentiation. It is presumed that 1) Pseudopyxis and Serissa are closely allied, that 2) these two genera are, in turn, closely related to Leptodermis and the monotypic Spermadictyon (the latter possibly not generically distinct from the former), that 3) Paederia loosely links up to four mentioned genera, and that 4) the monotypic Aitchisonia stands rather isolated on account of various peculiarities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1989.tb00056.x
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    Chromosomal Variation in Lotus alpinus (Fabaceae) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 4 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An accession of Lotus alpinus Schleich. (2n=2x=12) from Turkey in which B chromosomes have been found was studied morphologically and karyologically. Chromosome numbers were observed in 519 cells from nine plants which all exhibited mixoploidy (2n=11, 12, 12 + 1B, 12 + 2B and over 20). Keel tip color, stem pubescence, and inflorescence size differed from a collection of this species from Switzerland. While the percentage of total lengths of the chromosome complements and the relative chromosome lengths in the two accessions were very similar, the total complement lengths differed considerably (23.14μm Turkey vs. 29.46μm Switzerland). This karyological difference is not considered to be the result of the presence of B chromosomes, but probably the result of hybridization between different genotypes. Aborted seed pods were observed which lent credibility to this hypothesis. Plants of this accession may have arisen as a result of hybridization between Lotus corniculatus and/or L. alpinus as both diploid and tetraploid cytotypes are reported in the Turkey collection for these species. The data would lend support for their hybrid origin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1989.tb00053.x
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    Pollination Biology of Anisomeles indica and A. malabarica (Lamiaceae) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 4 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The flowers of Anisomeles indica and A. malabarica are zygomorphic, bilabiate, gulletshaped and nectariferous, and are visited by insects as well as birds for nectar and/or pollen. The bees Xylocopa latipes, X. Pubescens, Amegilla sp., Apis florea and Megachile sp., and the sunbirds of the genus Nectarinia are the principal pollinators of A. indica, while the former three and the last and the wasp Rhynchium metallicum are for A. malabarica. Pollination by Xylocopa and Nectarinia is nototribic and that by Apis, Megachile, Amegilla is noto- and/or sternotribic. The small bodied Trigona, Pseudapis and Ceratina collected pollen sternotribically. It is concluded that adaptation of both species to insect and bird pollination and to a flexible breeding system involving both selfing and crossing, safeguards their survival under changing environments.
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    GROWTH LAYERS IN TEETH FROM KNOWN-AGE, FREE-RANGING BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Growth layers were examined in teeth collected from free-ranging bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from Florida that have been part of a long-term study begun in 1970; 26 of the dolphins were of known or approximately known age, and 19 were of minimum known age. A second tooth was extracted from 6 animals for examination of growth that had taken place in the interval following the initial extraction. The teeth were read for age estimates without knowledge of any data pertaining to the animals. Most of the estimated ages were the same as or close to the known and approximately known ages of the animals, ranging from 2 to 16 yr. We conclude that the structures we define as dentinal growth layer groups (GLGs) are annual, we describe sources of error in age estimates, and we provide a description of the GLG pattern that can be used by others to estimate age for dolphins.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00346.x
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    HARBOR SEAL TRACKING AND TELEMETRY BY SATELLITE (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We tested a satellite Platform Transmitter Terminal (PTT) in the laboratory (on a float and on captive seals) and on a free-ranging harbor seal in the Southern California Bight to investigate the utility of satellite telemetry in documenting seals’at-sea behavior and movements. We used records from a microprocessor-based time-depth recorder (TDR) to interpret location and diving records from the PTT. For the free-ranging harbor seal, we obtained at least one uplink during 70% (while the seal was at sea) to 82% (while she was ashore) of satellite passes and at least one location each day. Of 62 locations determined by Service Argos for the free-ranging seal, 20 were verified from TDR records to have been at sea; these indicated that the seal may have ranged up to 48 km from the haul-out site, although most locations were within 5 km. The accuracies of locations calculated when the seal was at sea (±15 km) were substantially less than when it was ashore (±1.5 km), thus limiting at-sea tracking of seals by satellite to rather gross movements. Fewer transmissions were detected and locations calculated when the seal was actively diving than when it was swimming near the surface as it departed from or returned to the haul-out site. Consequently, average dive durations indicated by the PTT were substantially shorter than those calculated from TDR records. Documentation of foraging areas and detailed at-sea movements using satellite technology may not be possible for pinnipeds unless PTT-transmission rates are increased substantially from the 1 per 45 set maximum rate now permitted by Service Argos.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00348.x
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    DIVING BEHAVIOR AND MATERNAL INVESTMENT IN WEDDELL SEALS (LEPTONYCHOTES WEDDELLII) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00354.x
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    REVIEWS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Biology of the GenusCephalorhynchus. R. L. Brownell, Jr. and G. P. Donovan, eds.WhalesoftheWorld. N. Bonner.Marine Mammalsof California New and revised edition. R. T. Orr and R. C. Helm.
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    COLONIZATION BY NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS OF THE POINT REYES PENINSULA, CALIFORNIA (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00342.x
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    A RECORD OF TWO HUMPBACK WHALES, MEGAPTERA NOVAEANGLIAE, IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00344.x
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    ICE-BASED CENSUS OF BOWHEAD WHALES MIGRATING PAST POINT BARROW, ALASKA, 1978-1983 (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) census data obtained during the northward spring migration are summarized for 1978–1983. Population size estimates are derived from counts made by observers standing on the seaward edge of shorefast ice in the vicinity of Point Barrow, Alaska, from mid-April to early June. The research design utilized two counting stations: South Perch, the primary counting station, and North Perch, used to determine the number of whales missed by South Perch observers. The percentage missed is estimated for each visibility category and used here to correct the census counts. Each season's population estimate is calculated as the sum of the number of trials of several independent multinomial distributions representing different visibility conditions. Corrections are applied for unwatched hours and hours with inferior visibility. A mean estimate of the number of whales passing within view of the census station was computed as 3,674 ± 299. This estimate was based on data collected in 1978, 1981, 1982, and 1983, years with the least apparent biases. Aerial survey data provide estimates of the proportion of whales passing at various distances seaward of the census sites as follows: 0.58 from the ice edge to 2 km, 0.76 to 3 km, and 0.80 to 4 km. Correcting for whales too far offshore to be seen by the ice-based observers results in a population estimate of over 4,200 bowheads.
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    MOVEMENTS, HOME RANGE, AND TERRITORIES OF MALE SEA OTTERS OFF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sixty male sea otters (Enhydra lutris) were tagged on the rear flippers with colored tags. Of these, 46 (77%) were resighted. Movements of 127 km were documented for adults and 187 km for subadults. Adults maintained breeding territories that averaged 40.3 ha (n= 10, SE = 4.0). They returned to the same territory seasonally for up to seven consecutive years. Territorial males moved from areas of high male abundance to areas of high female abundance on a seasonal basis. During the winter, 74% of adult males left breeding areas and joined concentrations of males located near the ends of the range. Thirty percent of the subadult males were observed in male groups near the extremities of the range. During the summer and fall, the density of adult males (15/1,000 ha) and adult male to independent otter (non-pup) ratio (1:5) in female areas was highest. The number of adult males in areas of female abundance was inversely related to the number of dependent pups, perhaps because when pup numbers are low (late summer and fall) the number of estrous females is high. Subadult males may remain in female areas on a year round basis until their second or third year. However, they were not generally associated with adult females.
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    REVIEWS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Onthe Northwest: Commercial Whalinginthe Pacific Northwest 1790–1967. Robert Lloyd Webb.The Sei Whale: Population Biology, Ecologyand Management. Joseph HorwoodWildlife Radio Tagging, Equipment, Field Techniquesand Data Analysis. Robert Hayward.Biologyofthe Genus Cephalorhynchus. R. L. Brownell, Jr. and G. P. Donovan, eds.Handbookof Marine Mammals. Volume 4: River Dolphinsandthe Larger Toothed Whales. S. H. Ridgway and R. Harrison, eds.Polar Bears. Ian Stirling.The Whalesof Hawaii. Kenneth C. Balcomb, III.Whales, Dolphinsand Porpoises. Richard Harrison and M. M. Bryden, eds.
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    MANATEE USE OF SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA IN CUMBERLAND SOUND (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00217.x
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    CHEMICAL RESTRAINT AND ANESTHESIA OF PINNIPEDS: A REVIEW (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Drugs used to restrain and anesthetize pinnipeds have included neuromuscular blocking agents, narcotic analgesics, barbiturates, cyclohexamines, ataractics and inhalational agents. Problems associated with narrow margins of safety, thermoregulatory disturbances, cardiovascular changes and fatalities have excluded all but the cyclohexamines, ataractics and inhalational agents from presently accepted drugs for chemical restraint and anesthesia of pinnipeds. Combinations of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride show great promise for immobilizing some species of pinnipeds in the field and inhalational agents are recommended for surgical anesthesia.
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    SEA OTTERS AND BENTHIC PREY COMMUNITIES IN WASHINGTON STATE (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An August 1987 benthic survey of otter-free and otter-occupied areas along the outer coast of Washington State's Olympic Peninsula confirms that this area has been as profoundly influenced by sea otters as other rocky, nearshore communities studied in California, Canada, and Alaska. Prey density, size, and biomass were found to be negatively correlated with sea otter abundance, suggesting that the re-introduction of sea otters to this area in 1969–1970 has profoundly affected invertebrate prey abundance and distribution, particularly that of the red sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus. Red urchin distribution appears to influence algal groups differently and in a manner consistent with current otter/urchin/kelp theory. Foliose red algal abundance was negatively related to urchin numbers and coralline crusts were positively correlated. Aerial photographs of Macrocystis integrifolia cover at Cape Alava suggest an increase since the introduction of sea otters. Given the present distribution of prey along the Olympic Peninsula coast, we conclude that as the sea otter population continues to grow, range expansion is more likely to occur to the north, which may also lead to possible conflicts with an increasing sea urchin fishery and Native American set net activity.
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    A DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SEALS, PHOCA VITULINA L. 1758, FROM SVALBARD (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The present analysis confirms that the northernmost record of common seals (Phoca vitulina) in the world is at Svalbard nearly at 81°N. The population at Prins Karls Forland, Svalbard, is about 900 km away from any other population of common seals and may be termed insular. External and cranial characters of three common seals caught at Prins Karls Forland, and one common seal caught at Rossøya, all at Svalbard, are described. The only three available skins from Svalbard common seals are of a light phase color type. The skulls are characterized by a narrow interorbital width and a posterior extent of the palato-vomerine septum which is greater than that described for Atlantic common seals. A detailed description of the morphology of Atlantic common seals is highly needed.
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    NEW RECORD OF THE SPECTACLE PORPOISE (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00334.x
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    AERIAL CENSUS OF PACIFIC WALRUSES IN THE CHUKCHI SEA, 1985 (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a survey of the walruses in the pack ice of the Chukchi Sea between 16 September and 2 October 1985, as part of a joint effort with the Soviet Union to estimate the size of the Pacific walrus population. American observers conducted censuses from two aircraft along randomly selected north–south lines over the pack ice. The observers counted walruses within a constant viewing angle that corresponded to a total strip width of 1.38 km at an altitude of 152 m.In nine days of flying, 15,312 walruses were observed, of which 10,140 were on 5,764 km2 of census strips. Few walruses were observed east of 161°W longitude or west of 170°W longitude, hence the census effort was stratified. Walrus concentrations between 161° and 170° shifted slightly westward during the 2-wk duration of the censuses. The differences among days in observed walrus density were due to changes in the numbers of walruses on the ice within 37 km of the ice edge. The number of observable walruses in pack ice of the eastern Chukchi Sea was estimated to be 62,177 (SD = 19,480), based on censuses conducted on 29 and 30 September and 1 October. At that time there were also at least 15,238 in Bristol Bay, Bering Sea. The Soviets counted 39,572 on the shores of the western Chukchi and Bering seas and estimated 115,531 in pack ice of the western Chukchi Sea. Summing U.S. and Soviet estimates, the total population of Pacific walruses in 1985 was 232,518. This number was comparable with earlier estimates from censuses conducted jointly by the U.S. and the Soviets. However, information on fraction hauled out, segregation, and movements is needed for more precise estimates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00211.x
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    MASS STRANDING OF DUGONGS BY A TROPICAL CYCLONE IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00215.x
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  • 92
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    Books Reviews (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Book review in this articleApproaches to Marine Mammal Energetics. A. C. Huntley, D. P. Costa, G. A. J. Worthy and M. A. Castellini, eds.Design and Analysis Methods for Fish Survival Experiments Based on Release-Recapture. Kenneth P. Burnham, David R. Anderson, Gary C. White, Cavell Brownie and Kenneth H. Pollock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00218.x
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  • 93
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    AN INTRAPERITONEAL RADIO TRANSMITTER FOR SEA OTTERS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A small intraperitoneal radio transmitter was developed and used successfully in California sea otters. The transmitter weighs about 120 g and has an internal antenna. Thirty-five implanted transmitters were located for an average of 526 d. The carcasses of five animals that died were recovered; there were no complications associated with the transmitters in these individuals. Reproductive performance of the adult females with implanted transmitters appeared normal. The main advantages of this transmitter are its reliability and long life. It has enabled the collection of significant new information on California sea otters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00349.x
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  • 94
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    FIRST RECORD OF THE SHORT-FINNED PILOT WHALE GLOBICEPHALA MACRORHYNCHUS GRAY, 1846, FOR THE SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00351.x
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  • 95
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    ERRATA (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00356.x
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  • 96
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    A DWARF FORM OF THE SPINNER DOLPHIN (STENELLA LONGIROSTRIS) FROM THAILAND (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A very small form of the spinner dolphin has been found to inhabit the Gulf of Thailand. Ten specimens taken incidentally in a local shrimp fishery differ from specimens of this species collected elsewhere in body size and shape, skull size and shape, number of teeth and numbers of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Four cranially adult males were 129–137 cm long, well below the ranges for the Indian Ocean, western Pacific, central Pacific, eastern Pacific and Atlantic. The skull is also very small. Tooth counts and vertebral counts average lower than in other series. The color pattern is not significantly different from that of spinner dolphins in the central and western Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans but differs from that of the small eastern spinner of the eastern Pacific. The Gulf of Thailand specimens are morphologically separable from all other specimens, but it is to be expected that when larger samples are available there will be some overlap. The dwarf form may overlap in body and skull size with small spinner dolphins taken incidentally in a gillnet fishery for sharks off northern Australia. The geographic range of the dwarf spinner may be restricted. The size and status of the population and the impact of the shrimp fishery are unknown and should be investigated. The dwarf spinner may have an ecology different from that of other spinners, feeding mainly on reef-associated and benthic organisms rather than mesopelagic animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00337.x
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  • 97
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    FIRST RECORD OF A BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) IN WASHINGTON STATE (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00343.x
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  • 98
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    GLUCOSE KINETICS IN NEONATAL ELEPHANT SEALS DURING POSTWEANING APHAGIA (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris)pups undergo extended periods of terrestrial aphagia after weaning and exhibit a paradoxical fasting hyperglycemia. To investigate the details of glucose metabolism during this period, reversible and irreversible radiotracers were used to determine the body mass of glucose, and rates of glucose turnover, recycling, and oxidation in fasting seal pups. A typical 75 kg pup has a glucose mass of about 4.5 g (60 mg/kg), and a blood glucose concentration of about 174 mg/dl. Blood glucose removal rate was about 30 grams per day (17 mg/kg · h-1), but less than 2.5% of this glucose was oxidized, contributing less than 1% of the total metabolic rate. About 20% of the glucose pool was removed from the blood per hour, yielding a turnover time in the vascular space of about five hours. Most glucose removed from the blood was returned to the blood by recycling. Such recycling may contribute to mechanisms which prolong survival during fasting, such as high rates of triacyclglycerol turnover, synthesis of new protein pools, low ketone levels, and the Cori cycle which is important during diving.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00326.x
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  • 99
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    CALVING SEASONALITY OF DALL'S PORPOISE IN THE EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00333.x
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    A PORPOISE, AUSTRALOPHOCAENA DIOPTRICA, PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED AS PHOCOENA SPINIPINNIS, FROM HEARD ISLAND (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 5 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00332.x
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