ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (45,848)
  • Springer  (45,848)
  • 1985-1989  (39,279)
  • 1950-1954  (3,545)
  • 1940-1944  (3,024)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (45,848)
Collection
  • Articles  (45,848)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
Journal
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of engineering design constraints in a relational data base (1985)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 1 (1985), S. 27-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200336
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A natural language interpreter for plate girder design (1986)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 1 (1986), S. 127-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract One of the major problems in developing computeraided design software is the establishment of effective man-machine communication. This paper describes a computer-aided plate girder design software package and its man-machine interface using natural language processing techniques. The natural language interpreter takes advantage of the user's communication and technical skills and accepts commands in the user's native language. The user can verify the correct interpretation of the commands from the responsive graphic display of the design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200114
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer diagnosis system for thermal analysis by BEM aided with simple CAD (1986)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 1 (1986), S. 175-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract With the aid of the supercomputer we have performed three-dimensional simulations in practical cpu time. At the same time, though, huge amounts of output data must be treated automatically by post processors, so that only necessary information will be extracted and changes of models, mesh subdivisions, or boundary conditions will be taken into account. This type of information processing cannot be attained by conventional postprocessors, and a new concept of postprocessing and system must be developed in the sense of computer-aided engineering or computer diagnosis. We present a computer tomographic system COMTOS-BEM based on three-dimensional boundary element analysis; it houses its own geometric modeling and automatic mesh generation. Furthermore, it supports design feedback reactions to change modeling or meshing, make recalculations, and renew boundary conditions. In this paper, we state the basic concept of the proposed computer diagnosis system and present the necessary geometric modeling and processing and boundary element formulations. Some numerical examples illustrate the validity and effectiveness of our system in practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200135
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the symbolic manipulation and code generation for elasto-plastic material matrices (1986)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 1 (1986), S. 205-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A computerized procedure for symbolic manipulations and FORTRAN code generation of elasto-plastic material matrix for finite element applications is presented. Special emphasis is placed on expression simplifications during intermediate derivations, optimal code generation, and interface with the main program. A systematic procedure is outlined to avoid redundant algebraic manipulations. Symbolic expressions of the derived material stiffness matrix are automatically converted to RATFOR code which is then translated into FORTRAN statements through a preprocessor. To minimize the interface problem with the main program, a template file is prepared so that the translated FORTRAN statements can be merged into the file to form a subroutine (or a submodule). Three constitutive models; namely, von Mises plasticity, the Drucker-Prager model, and a concrete plasticity model, are used as illustrative examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200137
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite and boundary element modeling of crack propagation in two and three dimensions (1987)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 2 (1987), S. 167-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Computer modeling of mixed-mode crack propagation has rarely been attempted. This is because of the difficulty in updating the geometrical description to represent the changing crack geometry. The development of two interactive, graphical fracture propagation systems is described here. The Finite Element Fracture Analysis Program—Graphical (FEFAP-G) is a two-dimensional fracture propagation system. The BEM3D is a three-dimensional boundary element fracture propagation system. In addition, the implementation of the BEM3D analysis program in a configuration formed by an FPS-264 processor attached to a VAX-11/750 used as host computer is described. The results show that a realistic three-dimensional boundary element analysis of crack propagation is not only feasible with the aid of attached processors, but it can have its total time reduced by factors of the order of hundreds when compared to VAX alone statistics. In an example problem concerning fatigue crack propagation in a stiffened wing skin, both FEFAP-G and the BEM3D are employed to illustrate the utility of the fracture propagation systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201264
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PLASHTRAN: An expert consultant on two-dimensional finite element modeling techniques (1987)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 2 (1987), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract An expert consultant and teaching aid has been developed to aid users of the MSC/NASTRAN (MacNeal-Schwendler Corp, Los Angeles, CA, USA) finite element code in the modeling process with two-dimensional elements. Written in LISP and LOOPS, an object-oriented programming language, the system, known as PLASHTRAN, allows engineers to work in a natural environment to obtain modeling recommendations. The program performs efficiently, especially when iterations in design require changes in the finite element model. The easily expandable modeling framework allows the knowledge base to incorporate new information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276412
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A knowledge-based standards processor for structural component design (1987)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 2 (1987), S. 219-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a design strategy in which structural components are designed automatically by applying three types of knowledge: knowledge in a design standard; “textbook” knowledge of structural, material, and geometrical relationships; and knowledge representing designer-dependent design expertise. The design strategy selects from the designer-dependent knowledge source the behavior limitations—limit states of an object in a given stress state—to consider, translates the behavior limitations into a subset of corresponding standard requirements, generates a set of constraints from the requirements and the relations in the knowledge-base of “textbook” relationships, satisfies the constraints, and then checks the satisfaction of all remaining applicable requirements. By using this design strategy, it is possible to construct a knowledge-based design strategy that is standard independent, so that the same design process can be performed regardless of which design standard is explicitly represented. The design strategy described has been implemented in a prototype knowledge-based system, SPEX, which has a blackboard architecture similar to, but much simpler than, that of HEARSAY. The blackboard represents the level of abstraction through which a component design progresses. The knowledge-base in SPEX consists of several knowledge sources that perform portions of the component design task. Control of the design process knowledge sources in SPEX is rule-based.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276414
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer-aided acoustic analysis of reciprocating compressor pipeline systems (1987)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1987), S. 21-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an analytical method for acoustic forced pulsations of reciprocating compressor pipeline systems have a treelike structure that consists of an arbitrary number of branchings with optional elements—pipes, volumes, orifices, and so on. The plane wave acoustic model is used to describe the method, and the solution works by using an extended Schmidt-Kuhlmann-type approach. On the basis of a graph and matrix interpretation of the structure, a generalized algorithm is developed for determining the actual terms that describe the transfer properties of the system and to help calculate the acoustic pressure and velocity pulsations. The algorithm makes it possible to mechanize programming in the case of both natural frequency and forced pulsation calculations. The program package developed here for the personal computer can be directly applied in the design practice with success. It is also applicable to other linear systems with treelike structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01198146
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Damage: An expert system for structural assessment and failure identification following blast and shock loading events (1987)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1987), S. 69-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The development of an expert system for the postevent assessment of reinforced concrete structures subjected to severe loading environments, such as those that correspond to blast and shock effects, is presented and discussed. Initially, the observed behavioral aspects of the structures are presented, then a background discussion of the requirements from an expert system is given, and finally, the specific details for the present approach are examined. Examples of rules and of a typical run are presented, and the results are compared to information obtained from previous studies on the same structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01206304
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reasoning about nature of contact for planning manipulators tasks (1987)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1987), S. 87-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Extracting information about contact between two convex bodies from the measured force vector is a prerequisite for any fine compliant motion control strategy. Contact information contains the direction and orientation of the contact surface normal and its relative location and orientation with respect to the compliant reference frame system. A method for interpreting the contact force feedback during compliant robot motion control, using kinematic screws, is presented. Domain specific rules combined with partial a priori knowledge of mating parts geometry and interpreted force signals are used to reason and make inferences about the initial contact configuration. The likely contact surfaces are predicted and point(s) or line(s) of contact are fully defined. These surfaces are idealized and represented by quadratic equations or polyhedral surfaces. The geometric properties of surfaces at the contact location are used to select the contact configuration when multiple solutions exist. An algorithm for predicting the Expected Contact Configuration (ECC) has been developed and is illustrated here with examples. Experimental validation of the developed expert system prototype, using a 6R manipulator, a six-axis force sensor, and a host computer is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01206305
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer environments for the design of mechanical assemblies: A research review (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1988), S. 121-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews the most relevant literature dealing with the development of computer environments for the conceptual design of mechanical systems and assemblies. Selected literature is reviewed and discussed in relation to meeting the following requirements of such an environment: (1) representing and supporting top-down design, (2) representing and supporting multiple functional viewpoints, (3) representing functional knowledge, (4) representing spatial relationships and geometry, (5) maintaining consistency, and (6) providing analysis and other support. An appendix listing related readings is included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01349624
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an expert system for preliminary risk assessment of existing concrete dams (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1988), S. 137-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The paper presents an expert system to assist in the field inspection of existing concrete dams within the context of a preliminary risk assessment. The paper describes the engineering knowledge and reasoning required to conduct a deterministic field evaluation of the structural stability of the dam. The symptoms and failure modes identified by the expert system along with the required knowledge and procedures are organized in a structured knowledge tree. The instantiation of the frames and firing of the rules for each consultation traces part of the inference tree contained in the structured knowledge tree. Interaction between nearly decomposable problems are executed with metaknowledge procedures, shared rule groups, and active values. Examples are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01349625
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer graphics aided geometric modeling and mesh generation schemes for preprocessing and finite element analysis (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1988), S. 157-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes automated generation and editing schemes together with the development of computer-aided geometric models for general applications. For the construction of general finite element models of complex shapes, conventional approaches typical of wireframe, surface, or solid modeling cannot be effectively utilized for generating continuum solid models as well as discrete models simultaneously. In view of these facts, features to generate and model two-dimensional as well as threedimensional continuum and discrete models by isoparametric mapping/solid geometrical modeling techniques via a common interactive processor are described. The proposed scheme is demonstrated for modeling structural, thermal, or flow networks that are commonly encountered in engineering applications. In a research environment, the techniques addressed in this paper should prove to be very useful in providing flexibility and thereby significantly reducing the work load of frequent CAD users.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01349627
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An intelligent modeling environment for a large engineering analysis code: Design issues and development experience (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1988), S. 167-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes basic research issues and our experience in the development of an intelligent modeling environment for use with a large engineering analysis code. The intelligent environment, the Athena Aide, is a working prototype system that assists analysts in the preparation of models for the ATHENA thermal-hydraulics code. The paper includes the background and basis for our research and descriptions of the analysis code and the intelligent environment, and discusses research topics addressed during the development including design goals, general and specific design issues, information management and representation issues, and user acceptance issues related to the model construction task. Our research has shown that data management is a fundamental consideration during the model construction task and an intelligent environment is a valuable assistant to the analyst in that regard. Providing modeling advice commensurate with the general nature of the analysis code was found to be extremely difficult. For modeling tasks where specific heuristic knowledge has accumulated, useful modeling advice can be provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01349628
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Providing data base management for the CAD environment: The AREDAS approach (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1988), S. 207-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the integration of data base management systems (DBMSs) into the CAD environment. The motivation for this interest is discussed and several problems are identified that have to be solved in order to yield a genuine coupling of DBMSs and CAD systems. A solution to these problems is proposed in the form of a new architecture for a CAD-DBMS. Based on this, a preliminary implementation is outlined that follows a rapid prototype approach, and in wh ich an access as well as a transaction manager were realized for a software-based fileserver/workstation topology. Some directions for future work are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01202142
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of programming languages and language features for engineering software development (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1988), S. 183-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This article addresses the need for engineers to have a working knowledge of the fundamental structures of computer programming languages. In pursuit of this, it briefly looks at the history behind four of the more well-known programming languages. It then attempts to identify, and to look critically at, the attributes of programming languages that significantly affect the production of engineering software. The four “traditional” procedural programming languages chosen for review are those intended for scientific and general purpose programmin—FORTRAN-77, C, Pascal, and Modula-2. These languages are compared and some general observations are made. The emphasis of this article is on the attributes, characteristics, and components of programming languages that are important to software development and maintenance. Consequently, the comparison itself is of secondary importance, with the actual methodology of comparison given prominence in order that professional engineers who need to develop engineering software are able to make rational decisions about the choice of a programming language. Choosing an appropriate language can be a complex task and many factors must be considered. Therefore, in this article the fundamental structures, constructs, and attributes of programming languages are discussed, with very little attention given to the specific syntax of any particular language.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01202140
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information technology development: A management perspective (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 4 (1988), S. 3-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The opportunities of the information age present a real challenge to business management today. To meet this challenge, and to realize the true benefits of information technology, management must get involved and provide leadership in defining the business direction for an enterprise. It is through this involvement that the enterprise can apply technology to make the maximum impact on how business is conducted. Major information system development projects at General Dynamics Fort Worth will impact the way product definition data is managed and provide an example of how information technology can change the way we do business.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201467
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Data base system considerations in engineering design (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 4 (1988), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A general structural design procedure, including general development and maintenance steps, is outlined from a data requirements perspective. Within each phase of the design process, certain data is required for the undertaking and completion of each design step. As the various steps in the design process such as component and prototype testing and in-service experience generate new or additional data, that information should be incorporated into the data banks for use in current and future designs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201469
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The integrated analysis capability (IAC level 2.0) (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 4 (1988), S. 53-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The integrated analysis capability (IAC) provides a computational environment that supports the unique needs of engineering analysis groups concerned with interdisciplinary problems. An essential part of IAS is the data management system, which is designed both to maximize computational efficiency and to support a full range of data query and manipulation. This paper described data management issues that we have found to be of critical importance in the IAC development. Because the computational environment of a system such as IAC has a strong influence on the software design trades and decisions, the paper also summarizes the overall system architecture and some of the developments relative to technical modules and data flow requirements. The information presented here is intended to aid potential users in evaluating and selecting an integrated capability, as well as software developers faced with the task of creating or expanding such a capability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201472
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of solution algorithms for shape design sensitivity analysis on a supermini computer with an attached array processor (1987)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1987), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a study and comparison of shape design sensitivity analysis algorithms that are based on the continuum adjoint variable method, the continuum direct differentiation method, and the finite difference method, implemented on a supermini computer with an attached array processor. The basic algorithms and their differences in evaluating shape design sensitivity coefficients are outlined. A solution method for solving a system of equations, using a general sparse storage technique, is used for numerical implementation of shape design sensitivity analysis. It is found that computing shape design sensitivity coefficients using the direct differentiation method is significantly more efficient than using the adjoint variable method or the finite difference method. A detailed performance evaluation of the methods, using an attached array processor, is presented. The performance of the attached array processor, compared to a supermini computer is shown to depend strongly on the type of computations to be carried out. When only parts of a program are running on an attached array processor, the CPU time distribution among the different subroutines of the program can change significantly, compared to using the host processor only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01206307
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain measurement of structures with curved surface by means of personal computer-based picture processing (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1988), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract An optical strain measurement system was developed that includes computer processing of stereoscopic picture data of marks painted on the specimen. This system allows us to measure large strains in specimens with curved surfaces as well as plane surfaces even at elevated temperatures. The results of a verification test performed on a bellows specimen at room temperature have shown that the strain error of this measurement system is allowable considering the limitation of the apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01349626
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1988), S. 181-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01349629
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The introduction of constraints into a graphics system (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1988), S. 201-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Often a computer-aided design system acts merely as a storehouse for a collection of graphical entities. It has no knowledge of how these interrelate or what the purpose is of the design that they represent. The work described is an initial attempt to enable the user of a system interactively to provide information of this type. This is done in terms of constraints upon the geometric entities that are defined, along with these entities themselves, in a user interface language.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01202141
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel processsing in finite flement structural analysis (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1988), S. 225-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A brief review is made of the fundamental concepts and basic issues of parallel processing. Discussion focuses on mechanisms for parallel processing, construction and implementation of parallel numerical algorithms, performance evaluation of parallel processing machines and numerical algorithms, and parallelism in finite element computations. A novel partitioning strategy is outlined for maximizing the degree of parallelism on computers with a small number of powerful processors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01202143
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 4 (1988), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201466
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coping with legacy factors (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 4 (1988), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Implementers of engineering data base management systems inherit a legacy of existing software and data that must be integrated into the new system with minimum disruption of ongoing activities. Some critical issues addressed here include changes in software engineering practices, impact on user training and procedures, and problems connected with traditional or parochial interests. The material covered describes some experiences in coping with these “legacy factors” during the recent McDonnell Aircraft Company (MCAIR) integrated data base implementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201468
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrated design support system (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 4 (1988), S. 27-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The integrated design support system (IDS) is a concept for capturing the “critical” technical engineering information necessary to perform the functions of maintenance, modification, repair, and reprocurement of Air Force weapon systems. The program will first construct an architecture to define the required information. Next, IDS will construct prototype software to acquire, store, distribute, and perform configuration management on the data. The program will conclude with software simulation of the full-scale IDS system operating in a production environment to determine performance characteristics together with development and operatonal costs for the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201470
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An aide for instruction on integrated engineering design and support (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 4 (1988), S. 39-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Effective management of engineering information is critically needed for the design of future complex engineering systems. Yet engineers are not trained in engineering data base management concepts. To help address this issue, a prototype integrated design system has been developed for the Air Force to aide research and instruction on key integration concepts, including (1) the use of a shared data base to eliminate redundancies and inconsistencies; (2) the use of a relational data base management system to store, locate, and retrieve data from the shared data base; (3) the development of interfacing programs to act as interpreters between the application programs and the common data base; and (4) the role of executive software to manage the integrated system. Key software used includes a computer-aided design system, a structural analysis program, various graphics packages, and a relational data base management system. To assess system flexibility, additional programs were added to the system. The design of the data base proved to be an important step in this implementation. Several methodologies useful in the design of the data base were investigated and subsequently used to organize the data base for the integrated design system. Results discussed include system development, and applications, as well as the effectiveness of the integrated system's configuration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201471
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources and standards for computerized materials property data and intelligent knowledge systems (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 4 (1988), S. 75-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The explosion of interest in computerized material property data bases and intelligent knowledge systems for flexible manufacturing processes has resulted in two significant developments in the last couple of years: the incorporation of the National Materials Property Data Network, Inc. (MPD Network), and the formation of ASTM Committee E-49 on Computerization of Material Property Data. The MPD Network has the mission of providing engineers and scientists with easy on-line access to worldwide sources of reliable, well-documented material property data. The status of its pilot network and plans for the future are outlined herein. ASTM Committee E-49 has the mission of developing and providing guidelines and standards to aid the builders, maintainers, and suppliers of data bases in meeting the needs of industry and in establishing compatible and consistent sources capable of sharing data. Also reported in this paper is the early progress of the Technical Committee of the MPD Network in establishing guidelines for the evaluation of data, recognizing that there are a number of aspects of data source building and management requiring audit as well as the data itself. It is important that sources of material performance data are well characterized, and that the nature and reliability of the information is conveyed to the user. The further development of guidelines and standard practices in this area will also be dealt with by ASTM Committee E-49. A brief overview of other major material property data base building activities in the United States is also provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201474
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analyzing technological change: An engineering data base for input-output models of the economy (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 4 (1988), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the content and logical structure of an engineering data base, to be constructed from direct technical information, for use with input-output (IO) models of the national economy. These models, which until now have relied almost exclusively on accounting information describing past economic transactions, can now be extended to analyze the future prospects for the U.S. economy and its individual sectors in terms of detailed technical decisions taken at the sites of production. The basic IO data base describes each sector's input in terms of its use of given amounts of goods and services produced in all sectors, per unit of its output. The new data base will distinguish the individual activities carried out within a sector, specify the important technical alternatives for each activity, and describe each alternative in terms of inputs of the required goods and services. The structure of the new data base accommodates the quantification of both production and “overhead” activities and their integration, and its implementation in stages is facilitated by the fact that it is a generalization of the structure of existing IO data bases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201476
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Offsets of curves on rational B-spline surfaces (1989)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 5 (1989), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The construction of offset curves is an important problem encountered often in design processes and in interrogation of geometric models. In this paper the problem of construction of offsets of curves lying on the same parametric surface is addressed. A novel algorithm is introduced, whose main feature is the use of geodesic paths to determine points of the offset. The offset is then approximated in the underlying surface parameter space by B-splines interpolating data points obtained by traveling a known distance along the geodesics departing from corresponding points of the progenitor in a direction perpendicular to the latter. A comprehensive error checking scheme has been devised allowing adaptive improvement of the approximation of the offset. The applicability of the algorithm is demonstrated by number of numerical examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201996
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors that affect planning in a knowledge-based system for mechanical engineering design optimization with application to the design of mechanical power transmissions (1989)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 5 (1989), S. 47-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Intelligent computer-aided design (CAD) emulates the human activity of design so that production planning, decision making, and inventive design can be performed by computers. Based on the history of human experience in engineering design, a formalized and systematic approach to design should include procedures from (1) conceptual design, (2) layout design, and (3) numerical optimization. The highest level within such a system should be responsible for specifying and symbolically optimizing skeleton structures of generic (nonspecific) elements within the design process that are eventually to be specified uniquely (pinned down) and ultimately optimized numerically. Planning plays a key role in such a system. Planning has been utilized as a tool for process organization within the knowledge domains of chemical engineering, electrical engineering, manufacturing, as well as for general problem formulation and solution. State estimation, subtask scheduling, and constraint propagation have been found to be factors of prime importance in this type of problem. Problems associated with the implementation of a planning strategy within a knowledge-based system for mechanical engineering design optimization are discussed. A hypothesis for planning is put forth and examined within the context of a model of the mechanical design optimization process. An example that demonstrates the applicability of this approach to mechanical power transmission design is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201997
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A LISP-based object-oriented approach to structural analysis (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 4 (1988), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract An approach to structural analysis is presented in which object-oriented data structures make it possible to arrange computational tasks in a unique fashion. A general matrix-free solution algorithm for use with arbitrary assemblages of linearly connected objects is presented, followed by an overview of a prototype structural analysis program built entirely on such an object-oriented data structure. The principal result is due to the flexibility inherent in this type of data structure, which makes it possible to analyze structural models incrementally as they are developed. Although certainly useful in traditional contexts, the parallel nature of the scheme could be particularly powerful in a multiprocessor environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213981
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Object-oriented knowledge frameworks (1989)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 5 (1989), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper introduces a strategy for the construction of object-oriented knowledge frameworks. Global control programs, which are traditionally used for manipulating structured representations, have been replaced by domain-specific resources. This new approach offers increased efficiency and simplified development of knowledge-based expert systems for problem domains that deal with a variety of complex structured information. A theoretical foundation is laid for the representation of knowledge, starting with the adoption of a simple schema for structuring stereotypical information. Data and method abstraction is achieved by installing knowledge frames into part of an object-oriented class system that supports procedural attachment and object communication. This allows frame specialization using domain-specific resources and subsequent construction of modular systems with these specialist frames. Editors are introduced for the alteration of data primitives used in declarative representation. Algorithms, which operate on these data primitives, are given for frame instantiation, data access, and user-directed inference. Examples from structural engineering are used throughout the paper to illustrate the practical application of object-oriented knowledge frameworks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01199071
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    User interfaces for structural engineering relational data base (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 4 (1988), S. 239-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The needs of engineers in their interaction with engineering data bases are very different from those of their counter-parts in the business world. Business data base management system interfaces typically provide only a single mode of textual communication, usually a structured query language. However, in an idealengineering data base interface, an engineer would be able to define constraints, give examples, point at parts of pictures, and (sometimes) use several modes of communication simultaneously. The paper presents an example from an engineering design application to show how a traditional query language can be enhanced to accommodate the engineering needs. The paper further describes a conceptual approach for multimodal engineering data base interface combining multipurpose graphics, an engineering query language, and other interface methodologies in an engineering workstation environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213985
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved optimum structural design by passive control (1989)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 5 (1989), S. 13-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The problem of optimum structural design by passive control is stated in a nonlinear programming form. A solution procedure, based on a successive selection of design and control variables, is presented. Neglecting the implicit analysis equations, the solution becomes independent of the control variables and a lower bound (LB) on the optimum can easily be obtained. The control variables are then selected to satisfy all constraints. If this cannot be achieved, the LB constraints are modified and the control variables are chosen for the revised optimal design. These two steps are repeated until the final optimum is reached. Employing the proposed procedure on various structural systems subjected to static loads showed that the final optimum has been achieved after a very small number of iteration cycles. The numerical examples illustrate a solution with two types of control devices: a linear spring device and a limited displacement device. It has been found that the final optimum is often identical or close to the initial LB solution. Savings of 14 to 63 percent in weight, compared with conventional optima without control, have been demonstrated for some common structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201994
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An expert system for field inspection of concrete dams: Part 1, engineering knowledge (1989)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 5 (1989), S. 23-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper covers in more detail the material that was introduced in Ref. [1] and describes the final engineering reasoning and knowledge used for an expert system to assist during the field inspection of existing concrete dams. The knowledge base of this expert system was created by combining the traditional expert system approach with the reasoning procedures of qualitative physics. The traditional expert system approach was used to identify the shallow knowledge pertaining to the problem, and qualitative physics was used to identify the deep knowledge. The deep knowledge structured and organized the identification and representation of the shallow knowledge. The expert system uses shallow knowledge to combine a qualitative expert reasoning with a quantitative procedural evaluation of the stability of a dam. The present paper concentrates on the description of the engineering knowledge and Ref. [2] will concentrate on the artificial intelligence issues associated with the knowledge acquisition and representation associated with this expert system. The validation process compared results obtained by the expert system with those obtained by independent field inspection experts. Some of the results are presented here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201995
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An expert system for setting time steps in dynamic finite element programs (1989)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 5 (1989), S. 205-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract An expert system, ETUDES—Expert Time integration control Using Deep and Surface Knowledge System, which addresses the determination of the timestep for time integration of linear structural dynamic equations is described. This time-step may also be applicable for a moderately nonlinear simulation of the same structure. The program also determines whether an explicit or implicit method is most efficient for the particular simulation. A production rule programming system written in OPS5 is used for the implementation of this prototype expert system. Issues relating to the expert system architecture for this application, such as knowledge representation and structure, as well as domain knowledge are discussed. The prototype is evaluated by measuring it's performance in various benchmark model problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274213
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    h andh-p version error estimation and adaptive procedures from theory to practice (1989)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 5 (1989), S. 221-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we introduce techniques that allow us to define a posteriori error estimators via well-known recovery techniques. These allow us to construct a posteriori error estimators for relatively general problems. Further, we introduce new adaptive procedures that make use of these estimators and, in particular, describe anh-p procedure that is simple to implement and that, as numerical experiments have shown, attains an accelerated rate of convergence expected from theh-p version.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274214
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1989)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 5 (1989), S. 259-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274217
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AnO(N) algorithm to automatically generate geometric triangulations satisfying the Delaunay circumsphere criteria (1989)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 5 (1989), S. 177-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an algorithm for the generation of Delaunay triangulations for general nonmanifold geometric models. Octree concepts are used for point placement and providing the linear, with respect to the number of elements, growth rate of the algorithm. Compatibility and classification procedures are used in conjunction with point injection procedures to ensure that the final Delaunay triangulation is a geometric triangulation of the domain of interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274211
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic mesh generation for complex three-dimensional regions using a constrained Delaunay triangulation (1989)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 5 (1989), S. 161-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a method for generating tetrahedral meshes. The algorithm, based on the Delaunay triangulation, can treat objects of essentially arbitrary complexity. In order to preserve the surface triangulation of solid objects, it is necessary to override the Delaunay property and redefine the triangulation when points are introduced that are close to solid boundaries. Details of this constrained Delaunay algorithm are presented and an efficient implementation of the triangulation method is described. Techniques for controlling the distribution of mesh points and tetrahedron quality are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274210
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Knowledge-based control for finite element analysis (1989)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 5 (1989), S. 195-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper shows that control logic may be separated from analysis software and that a knowledge-based expert system can use this logic to perform interactive computation. Heuristics that control a simple interactive finite element analysis program are represented using a rule-based format and are used by a goal-driven logic processor to invoke analysis activity. Traditional algorithm-oriented control and the proposed knowledge-based control are compared in a simple displacement computation scenario to identify the advantages/disadvantages of the two approaches. General activities and constraints, practical methods of reasoning and representation, and knowledge-based expert systems are discussed with emphasis on applications to interactive finite element analysis. An analysis control expert system has been developed for use in the numerical analysis of two-dimensional linear problems in solid and structural mechanics. An example problem is used to clarify the methods used to direct activity and to identify the problems associated with conditional task processing for interactive analysis. The main difference between the analysis program described in this paper and conventional analysis programs is related to the control architecture. The general conclusion of this paper is that knowledge-based control is more effective and flexible than algorithm-oriented control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274212
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive multiple-levelh-refinement in automated finite element analyses (1989)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 5 (1989), S. 235-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses an automatic, adaptive finite element modeling system consisting of mesh generation, finite element analysis, and error estimation. The individual components interact with one another and efficiently reduce the finite element error to within an acceptable value and perform only a minimum number of finite element analyses. One of the necessary components in the automated system is a multiple-level local remeshing algorithm. Givenh-refinement information provided by an a posteriori error estimator, and adjacency information available in the mesh data structures, the local remeshing algorithm grades the refinement toward areas requesting refinement. It is shown that the optimal asymptotic convergence rate is achieved, demonstrating the effectiveness of the intelligent multiple-level localh-refinement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274215
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Product data models (1989)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 1 (1989), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Product data models can be viewed as a class of semantic data models which take into account the needs of engineering data. In this paper the characteristics for semantic data models defined by Peckham and Maryanski [8] are taken as a starting point. The relevance of these characteristics to product data is shown. The capabilities of a prototype product description system are described in relation to the same characteristics. Additional data modeling characteristics such as parametrization and data sharing, which have been introduced to support engineering design, are then described. These can be viewed as extending beyond the accepted capabilities of semantic data models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580002
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A review of research in mechanical engineering design. Part I: Descriptive, prescriptive, and computer-based models of design processes (1989)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 1 (1989), S. 51-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This is the first of a two part paper summarizing and reviewing research in mechanical engineering design theory and methodology. Part I includes: 1) descriptive models; 2) prescrptive models; and 3) computer-based models of design processes. Part II, which will appear in the next issue of this journal, will include: 4) languages, representations, and environments for design; 5) analysis in support of design; and 6) design for manufacture and the life-cycle. For each major area, we discuss the current topics of research and the state of the art, emphasizing recent significant advances. We also discuss the important open research issues in each area. The six categories are certainly not mutually exclusive nor even collectively exhaustive; however, some organization is necessary, and these categories have been effective in making sense of a body of research that is expending rapidly in many exciting and promising directions. The mechanical engineering design research community has made major advances over the last few years. The research community in mechanical engineering design has made significant progress not only in advancing our knowledge of design, but also in clarifying the research methods necessary to study design. Great progress is being made toward a better understanding of design, and hence toward better design tools.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580003
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of schematic descriptions in mechanical design (1989)
    Springer
    Research in engineering design 1 (1989), S. 3-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-6066
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This article describes a schematic synthesis problem and one of its solution techniques. The problem domain consists of devices that can be described as networks of lumped-parameter, idealized elements in the translational-mechanical, rotational-mechanical, fluidmechanical, and electrical media. Such devices include speedometers, accelerometers, pneumatic cylinders, and pressure gauges. Design problems in this domain are specified by an input quantity, an output quantity, and the desired relationship between the input and output. The solution technique is based on three steps: 1) generate a candidate design, 2) derive and classify the behavior of the candidate, 3) based on the derived behavior and domain knowledge, modify the candidate (if possible) to bring it in line with the specification. The key idea behind this techniques is that an abstract characterization of the essential properties of the candidate design expedites the analysis and modification. The results of this work are aimed at computer tools for preliminary mechanical design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01579999
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sonic-velocity measurements as a suitable tool for the observation of structural changes in polymeric materials (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The sonic velocity of preoriented PET fibres as a function of temperature was measured in dependence on the degree of orientation, stress applied to the fibres, and heating rate. The results reflect the structural and orientation changes which take place in the range of and above the glass transition temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264235
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual stress-strain properties of natural rubber vulcanizates with high primary molecular weight (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Natural rubber vulcanizates with high primary molecular weight were prepared by mixing raw rubber and dicumyl peroxide in benzene followed by freeze-drying. The stress-strain properties of these vulcanizates were quite different from those prepared by conventional mastication method. The important characteristics of these vulcanizates is high tensile modulus, high tensile strength, large hysteresis loss, and higher degree of strain-induced crystallization. The difference in the stress-strain behavior between these rubbers and conventional vulcanizates are discussed from the standpoint of the network structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264237
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable carbocationic species observed during the oligomerization of p-isopropyl-α-methyistyrene initiated by CH3SO3H in CH2CI2 solution (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 89-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264246
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of junction functionality in highly crosslinked polymers (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A modification of a theoretical model for the determination of the number average molecular weight between crosslinks, ¯Mc, is presented for the case of multifunctional junction functionalities in highly crosslinked, macromolecular systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254215
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator transfer agents (inifers) (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Three-arm star polyisobutylenes carrying tert.-chlorine end groups and a phenyl ring at the center of the star (see formula II in the Introduction) have been prepared by a continuous polymerization process. Thus into a stirred glass reactor were fed continuously a mixed feed of monomer plus trinifer (TCC) and a separate feed of BCl3 coinitiator in methyl chloride solvent at −40°C, and the product plus unreacted ingredients were removed continuously. Stationary conditions were maintained by keeping the rates of input and output (i.e., volumes) equal and constant. After a short induction phase (∼2–3 residence times) telechelic polymers of essentially theoretical number average end functionalities (¯Fn=3.0+0.1), close to theoretical molecular weights (¯Mn) and molecular weight distributions were obtained. The polymerization kinetics are discussed and compared to that of an earlier semicontinuous process used for the routine synthesis of telechelic polyisobutylenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254216
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monotropic liquid crystalline poly(β-thioester)s containing bis (p-oxybenzoate) mesogenic units (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new series of thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(β-thioester)s was prepared by a Michael-type polyaddition of α,ω-polymethylenedithiols of different length to a mesogenic diacrylate containing two bis(p-oxybenzoate) units symmetrically connected through a dodecamethylene segment. The thermotropic behaviour was studied by combined DSC and thermal-optical analyses. All the poly(β-thioester)s investigated exhibited quite unusual monotropic mesomorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254221
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of low-density polyethylene composites by UV irradiation (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Composites of low-density polyethylene were prepared by the sorption of vinylic monomers and a photoinitiator into a polymer matrix, followed by UV irradiation. Gravimetric determinations showed that 2–4% incorporation of the polymer in the host matrix is possible by this method. Transmission and reflectance infrared spectra measurements showed that the vinylic polymer is lodged in the bulk of the polymer film with no surfacial deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254226
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 193-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254230
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase behavior of the ternary system solvent: poly(γ-benzyl L-glutemate) and polystyrene (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 517-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Phase equilibria were investigated at 80°C for a ternary system involving a solvent benzyl alcohol, a rodlike polymer poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate) (PBLG), and a flexible polymer polystyrene (PS). The fairly dilute solution of the two polymers was isotropic and monophasic. At greater concentrations, it was separated into two isotropic phases. Above an even higher critical concentration of the two polymers, three phases, a cholesteric (A1) and two isotropic phases (I1 and I2), coexisted at equilibrium. PBLG was contained exclusively in the phases A1 and I1, while PS was in the phase I2. The more concentrated solution was separated into a cholesteric phase and an isotropic phase. The latter contained PS but excluded PBLG, These features were discussed on the ground of the Flory theory by considering the polymer compatibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281762
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initiated oxidation of PE and PP in solution (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 531-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A study was made on the oxidation of a low density polyethylene and of an isotactic and an atactic polypropylene in solution. The solvent was 1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene and the process was investigated at different temperatures, with varying concentrations of the initiator and of the polymer. Under the experimental conditions, a non-accelerating chain reaction proceeds at the beginning of the process. The equation derived from the proposed simplified mechanism describes consistently the dependences of experimentally measured rates on the concentrations of the initiator and of the polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281764
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    End group analysis of commercial poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether's (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 547-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Analysis of the hydroxyl content of a series of commercial poly(ethylene glycol)monomethy1 ethers by means of 360 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy of the trichloroacetyl isocyanate modified polymers has shown that some compounds contain considerable amounts of poly(ethylene glycol).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281766
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatographic determination of polymer solubility parameters (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 463-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Weight fraction activity coefficients (Ω1)∞ and interaction parameters x have been determined for seven different solvents in Polyarylate at three temperatures by the gas chromatographic method (inverse gas chromatography). Data have been used to calculate infinite dilution solubility parameters according to the method proposed by DiPaola-Baranyi and Guillet. The validity of the plots involved in the above mentioned method is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01033346
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositional sequence distribution and second-order Markov statistics in vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride copolymers by Carbon-13 NMR (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 473-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary 90 MHz-1H-NMR and 22.635 MHz-13C-NMR spectroscopy were used in a study of vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride co-polymers. Triad sequence distribution of CCl2 and CHCl carbon was generated for these copolymers and compared to calculated distributions based on Bernoullian, first-order Markov and second-order Markov statistics. It was observed that for samples different in the conditions of preparation including commercial materials in each case different Markov models give the best fit in formally mathematical treatment without kinetic significance but with the aim of interpretation of physical and/or chemical properties of the copolymers. The 52–56 ppm region of the VC-VDC copolymer spectra is complicated by the superposition of the effects of tacticity, sequence distribution and the presence of both CH and CH2 carbons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01033348
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic polyureas and polythioureas by a new polycondensation reaction using ethylene chlorophosphite as reagent (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 16 (1986), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Aromatic polyureas and polythioureas are prepared from aromatic diamines and carbon dioxide or carbon disulfide, by a new direct polycondensation reaction with ethylene chlorophosphite as reagent in pyridine as solvent and acceptor for hydrochloric acid at 50–60° for 6–7 hours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00955483
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive polymers (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Two methods of the synthesis of tributyl ammonium derivatives of glycidyl methacrylate — ethylene dimethacrylate copolymers with various contents of the crosslinking agent were examined. While the two-step process which consists in a reaction with dibutyl amine followed by alkylation with butyl bromide gives products with up to 1.5 mmol/g of required groups, in the case of the single-step reaction of the epoxide group with tributyl amine the content does not exceed 0.4 mmol/g. The use of diamines for increasing the distance between the quaternary group and the polymer backbone does not yield a readily definable product, and cannor therefore become the method of choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254948
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The synthesis and characterization of cationic photoinitiators bearing two and three photoactive triarylsulfonium groups in the same molecule (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A novel series of photoinitiators for cationic polymerization have been prepared which bear two and three photoactive triarylsulfonium groups in the same molecule. These compounds have been fully characterized by means of their UV and C-NMR spectra and liquid chromatography as well as by their elemental analyses. The multifunctional triarylsulfonium salts have been compared among themselves and against monofunctional triarylsulfonium salts in the photoinitiated cationic polymerization of dl-limonene dioxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254950
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscibility and melting in poly(butylene terephthalate)/ poly(bisphenol A-carbonate) blends (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 399-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The miscibility of blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(bisphenol A-carbonate) was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. Contrary to previously reported data, PBT and PC were found to be almost completely immiscible over the entire compostion range studied. The minor change in Tg's observed for samples quenched form the melt can be attributed to transesterification at elevated temperatures. The melting behavior and normalized enthalpy of fusion are somewhat dependent on composition but the behavior is erratic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263454
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers with a functional group (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 417-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Two unsaturated ester-containing vinyl ethers, 2-vinyloxyethyl acrylate $$(\mathop 1\limits_ )$$ and sorbate $$(\mathop 2\limits_ )$$ , were polymerized by the hydrogen iodide/iodine (HI/I2) initiating system in toluene at −15 or −40°C, to give “living” polymers, having a very narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/¯Mn=1.10–1.15) and crosslinkable via their pendant C=C double bonds. The number-average molecular weight of the polymers increased in direct proportion to conversion, and further increased on addition of a new monomer feed to a polymerized reaction mixture. According to 1H and 13C NMR structural analysis, the polymerization proceeds exclusively via the vinyloxyl group of the potentially bifunctional monomers without undesirable side reactions of the unsaturated ester pendants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263457
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of methyl- and buthylmethacrylate with electron-donor N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbazolyl methacrylate and electron-acceptor (β-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl methacrylate (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 439-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The radical copolymerization of methyl- and butyl methacrylates with an electrondonor monomer: N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-carbazolyl methacrylate and an electron-acceptor monomer: (β-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-methacrylate respectively, in dioxane at 60°C was investigated. The reactivity ratios of the binary systems were computed by using the Kelen-Tüdös method. The azeothropic compositions were established according to the respective copolymerization diagrams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263460
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle X-ray scattering study of halato-telechelic polybutadienes (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 461-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The small-angle X-ray scattering curves of carboxy-telechelic polymers exhibit very strong scattering at the lowest angles which points to the presence of large aggregates in the samples. Beyond the position of the main scattering maximum, common to all ionomers, a faint modulation is observed at a position corresponding to a second diffraction order. These observations are discussed with respect to other data in the litterature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263463
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 477-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263466
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polylactones (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Bulk polymerizations of L,L-lactide were conducted at 120 and 180°C, but mainly at 150°C. Magnesium oxide, ethoxide, acetate, stearate, and 2,4-pentane dionate were used as catalysts. Time conversion curves show that at least a temperature of 150°C and a reaction time of 72 h is required for maximum conversion. The highest yields (up to 96 %) were obtained with magnesium oxide. However, all initiators, in particular magnesium oxide, caused racemization which increased with reaction time and temperature. Polymerizations in solutions at temperatures around 100°C failed regardless of the solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271605
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polylactones (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary L,L-lactide was polymerized in bulk at 120°C, 150 or 180°C by means of various metal oxides, carbonates or carboxylates. Yield, viscosities and optical rotation were measured and compared. Several catalysts enable a nearly complete conversion even at 120°C indicating rapid diffusion of the monomer in the solid reaction mixture. At 180°C only SnO and Sb2O3 proved to be useful catalyst, because they gave within 12 h yields 〉 80% along with an optical purity around 97%. Longer reaction times lead at 180°C to substantial racemization in all cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271606
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diacetoxyiodobenzene and bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene as photoinitiators for cationic polymerisations (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 523-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary It is shown that i-butyl vinyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, epichlorhydrin and cyclohexene oxide, which undergo typically cationic polymerisation, are polymerised by UV-irradiation in the presence of diacetoxyiodobenzene or bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271610
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on the role of acyl initiators and CO2 in nylon 4 polymerization (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 527-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The preparation of high molecular weight nylon 4 with alkali metal pyrrolidonate catalysts, acyl initiators, and CO2 was studied. Isolated sodium pyrrolidonate and the appropriate amount of acyl initiator gave unusually high molecular weight nylon 4 (mw 〉200,000). The molecular weight-initiator concentration relationship indicates that acyl compounds play a dual role in the polymerization, acting both as initiators and scavengers for chain-terminating impurities. One potential chain terminator was identified as 4-aminobutyric acid. The high polymer molecular weights obtained in the presence of CO2 can also be explained by the scavenging of chain terminators by CO2. Determination of the number of growing chains, however, shows that CO2, unlike the acyl compounds, is not an initiator in nylon 4 polymerization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271611
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volume 263, number 11, November 1985 (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. A3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271616
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards an understanding of stacked base interactions: non-equilibrium phase transitions as a probable model (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 89-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The distances of stacked bases of DNA in different conformations can-not be calculated by equilibrium potentials, since they exhibit not more than only one minimum. However, a double potential minimum is obtained by considering the most simple semiclassical model of excitons that are coupled adiabatically to lattice vibrations, hence forming polaritons. By use of Danilov's extended Hückel approximation of DNA excitons, stacked base distances can be calculated that agree fairly well with the experimental data. The errors of this approach are small as compared to the differences of the distances in various conformations. Consequently, this model may work as a first base of understanding molecular interactions in DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263498
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive monomers and polymers containing chiral groups (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract N-(p-methylstyryl)-(1R,2S)-ephedrine is prepared by alkylation of p-chloromethylstyrene under conditions which do not favor quaternization. A series of Copolymerization reactions confirm that the new chiral monomer and styrene copolymerize in random fashion with r1=1.09 and r2=0.98. The optical rotation of the copolymers does not vary linearly with composition. Applications of the copolymer include its use as chiral ligand for asymmetric synthesis or as a separation medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281758
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and characterization of polymethoxymethylstyrenes1H-13C NMR studies (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 16 (1986), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary To study the influence of dipolar moments on the permittivity of polymers, three isomeric polymers ortho, meta and para polymethoxystyrenes have been synthesized. Physical properties and NMR studies1H and13C are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01046610
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved properties of molecular composite of nitrile rubber and poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) by blending with poly (vinyl chloride) (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Nitrile rubber (NBR) was reinforced by poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) with a coprecipitation method from a common solvent of them. PPTA was converted to N-sodium PPTA with sodium hydride in DMSO, forming homogeneous solution. DMF dissolves NBR. Both solutions were blended to form an isotropic solution. The precipitant was NBR reinforced by PPTA which was regenerated from N-sodium PPTA at coagulation as reported previously. The molecular composite thus obtained was mill-blended with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in order to enhance solvent resistant property. The vulcanized composite of NBR/PVC reinforced by PPTA showed higher modulus, higher strength and more improved solvent resistance than the gum stock and the black stock of NBR/PVC. The properties of the molecular composite containing 5phr PPTA found approximately comparable to those of the black stock of NBR/PVC with 30–40phr ISAF carbon black.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264238
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization via zwitterion 3. Phthalic anhydride and 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Copolymers of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline and phtalic anhydride without initiator in DMF at 60 °C were synthesized. The copolymers were statistical, rich in 2-ethyl-2-oxazo1ine. A partial hydrolisis of pendant groups -COCH2CH3 is observed. The composition and the hydrolisis degree of the copolymers was determined by 1H-NMR. A copolymerization scheme via zwitterion is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264242
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty-Third Canadian High Polymer Forum (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 90-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264247
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Static measurements of refractive index increments at 633 nm with a modified refractive index detector (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A R 401 Waters Assoc. differential refractometer has been modified to obtain the variation of refractive index increments, dn/dc, of polymer solutions at 633 nm. The introduced modifications were in the sample injection system and in the light source. The performance of the modified refractometer both with aqueous and organic solutions is analyzed. In order to localize a conformational transition in lysozyme, the dependence of dn/dc on temperature for lysozyme solutions in phosphate buffer is studied. Similarly, (dn/dc)k values for the ternary n-alkane/butanone/poly(dimethyl siloxane) systems over the whole composition range of the binary solvent mixtures are evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264245
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards the synthesis of electroactive block copolymers via anionic-to-Ziegler-Natta transformation reactions (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 109-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Diblock copolymers of acetylene and styrene were prepared by treating Ti(OBu)4 with polystyryl lithium followed by reaction with acetylene. Reliable evidence for the formation of block copolymers was derived from dual radiotagging experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254218
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic polyisobutylene/poly(ethylene glycol) di- and triblock copolymers (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Poly (isobutylene-b-ethylene glycol) PIB-b-PEG diblock copolymers have been synthesized by reacting tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate-capped polyisobutylene with monohydroxyl-ended poly(ethylene glycol). The block copolymers form stable benzenewater emulsions and show surface activity decrease in interfacial surface tension, and existence of critical micelle concentration. Turbidimetry of the block copolymers indicates the expected wide range of solubility from nonpolar to polar solvents. The temperature dependence of the intrinsic viscosity of the block copolymers exhibits characteristic discontinuities. The intrinsic viscosity of the block copolymer as a function of solvent polarity was studied and the observations were explained as the sum of segment contributions based on the “segregated” conformation model. DSC also indicates microphase separation in the solid state due to segment incompatibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254220
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of non-defect unstable structures in PVC through selective nucleophilic substitution with C6H5SNa (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The nucleophilic substitution with C6H5SNa, at -30°C, is compared for five PVC samples with various contents of isotactic triads. The conversion curves consist of a very fast stage followed by a steady one. All the samples are found to behave in the same way except for the content of the structures involved in the fast period. This content is estimated by extrapolating the straight lines of the steady stages to zero time. The obtained values are found to be a linear function of the content of isotactic triads. The results, together with some earlier ones, allow for the content of the labile non-defect structures in PVC to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254224
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of the texture of the resin in crown ether supported catalysis (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 13 (1985), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of non macroporous and macroporous supports on a test reaction is studied. t-BuOH reacts with tetra O-acetyl bromoglucose in presence of silver nitrate and a supported crown ether. Two reaction products are formed. Yield and selectivity are affected by the morphology of the support. The selectivity depends on the crosslinking degree. This dependence is explained by the rigidity of the matrix and by the variation of steric hindrance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254229
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macroscopic and crystallographic density of solid-state extruded polyethylene (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The influence of draw ratio on macroscopic and crystallographic density of polyethylene with different initial morphologies, has been investigated by solid-state extrusion. An initial drop followed by an increase in macroscopic density as a function of draw ratio has been observed. Since precision X-ray measurements of unit cell parameters showed no variation of crystallographic density, it was concluded that plastic deformation of polyethylene upon drawing proceeds with a decrease of the degree of crystallinity. This was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254916
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and anionic polymerization of 2-isopropenylquinoline (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary 2-lsopropenylquinoline has been synthesized, and anionic homopolymerization has been performed with n-butyllithium and with dibutylmagnesium, yielding polymers with high glass transition temperatures, with Mn ranging from 3700 to 210300. Molecular heterogeneities have been determined by GPC. Mw has been measured by light scattering. The glass transition temperature for infinite molecular weight is 475 K. The ceiling temperature, 367 K, was calculated from 1H-NMR spectra recorded from living poly-(2-isopropenylquinoline) at different temperatures. Two- and threeblock-copolymers have been obtained by initiating 2-isopropenylquinoline with living polybutadiene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254918
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physico-chemical studies of polymeric carriers (1985)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 14 (1985), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Densitometric conformational studies were made on poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-maleic acid) in the presence of LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2, in order to control ion-binding of the polyanion in dilute aqueous solution. Experimental verification of principal role of deprotonation in the conformational transition of the polyacid chains during titration is given. Correlation was found between the apparent molar volume of the copolymer and the ionic radius of the bound cation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254922
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional Polymers (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Polycarbonates of Bisphenol A were prepared with 2 (2, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) 2H-4-hydroxybenzotriazole or 2 (2, 4-di-hydroxyphenyl) 2H-1,3-di (4-hydroxybenzotriazole) ultraviolet stabilizers permanently incorporated into the polycarbonate main chain. Direct polycarbonate formation from Bisphenol A and diphenyl carbonate or transesterification using previously prepared polycarbonate in the melt with ultraviolet stabilizers 2 (2, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) 2H-4-hydroxybenzotriazole or 2 (2, 4-dihydrophenyl) 2H-1,3-di (4-hydroxybenzotriazole) or the corresponding acetyl compounds gave the final polycarbonates which were characterized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263390
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infra-red dichroism investigation of molecular viscoelasticity using isotopically labelled block copolymers (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Infra-red dichroism has been used to measure the orientation of the different sequences of isotopically labelled block copolymers. We have determined the orientation from dichroic ratios of two bands of deuterated polystyrene, and compared in block copolymers the orientation of the central part of the chain with that of the ends. The relaxation of the ends is more rapid, than that of the center, which exhibits a “plateau”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263395
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoplastic elastomers by hydrogen bonding (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary By reacting polybutadiene with 4-Phenyl-1, 2, 4-triazoline-3, 5-dione (PTD) urazole groups are added to the polymer. The formation of hydrogen bonds between different urazole groups is investigated by IR-spectroscopy at various temperatures. The carbonyl stretching vibrations at 1700 and 1723 cm−1 could be attributed to hydrogen bonded and free urazole groups. With increasing temperature the fraction of bonded groups decreases. From the overall change in the absorption the ratio of the extinction coefficients of bonded and free C=O is determined. The stability of the hydrogen bonds is explained by a chelate like complex between two urazole groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263396
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pseudocrown ethers based on polyphosphazene as effective catalysts of nucleophilic substitution reactions (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Polymer pseudocrownethers based on polyphosphazene are active catalysts of nucleophilic substitution reactions. With respect to the catalytic activity, polyphosphazene is a more suitable carrier of oligo(oxyethylenes) than poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene). With increasing length of oligo(oxyethylene) branches the catalytic activity of polymers increases. The favorable effect of the content of pseudocrownether structures is particularly visible in polymers having a longer oligo(oxyethylene) chain in those reactions in which the polymer acts as a solid cosolvent. The catalysts preserve their activity also if reused.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254848
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Living carbocationic polymerization (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 317-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new family of initiating systems has been discovered that efficiently induces the truly living polymerization of isobutylene (IB). The initiating systems are complexes of organic tertiary esters e.g., cumyl acetate, 2,4,4-trimethylpentane-2-acetate, with BCl3. Living polymerizations proceed very rapidly in a variety of solvents, i.e., CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, C2H5Cl, and mixtures of chlorinated solvents plus n-hexane, in the range from −10° to −50°C. The living nature of the polymerizations was demonstrated by linear ¯Mn versus WPIB (g of polymer formed) plots starting at the origin and horizontal N (number of PIB chains) versus WPIB plots. The DPn of the products obeys [Mo]/[Io] where [Mo] and [Io] are initial monomer and initiator concentrations, respectively. Conversions and initiator efficiencies are ∼100%. In carefully controlled experiments narrow molecular weight distribution polyisobutylenes (PIB) have been obtained, i.e., Mw/Mn=1.17 − 1.3. A mechanism is outlined that helps rationalize the findings. It is postulated that the living polymerization of IB initiated by organic tertiary ester·BCl3 complexes most likely proceeds by a two-component group transfer polymerization process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254850
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical biaxiality of nematic LC-side chain polymers with laterally attached mesogenic groups (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Liquid crystalline polymers with mesogenic groups laterally attached to the polymer backbone were investigated by polarizing microscopy with respect to their optical properties. The nematic polymers were macroscopically oriented in a magnetic or electric field. Polarization microscopic investigations with convergent polarized light show optical biaxial behavior of the nematic phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254854
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of orientation at polyester fiber surface by modified infrared reflection technique (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 363-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The surface orientation of polyester fibers has been studied by a modified sampling technique using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The fiber axes were arranged parallel to incident radiation first, and then perpendicular to it. The differences in total absorbance and relative intensity changes in the spectra obtained show the features of specular reflection. The technique has the advantage over ATR that there is no optical contact problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254857
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of long chain branching on the elongational behaviour of different polyethylenes and their blends (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 381-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Elongational data on a series of polyethylenes with different structure and on their blends are presented in order to correlate the extensional behaviour with the long chain branching degree. The results show that the strain hardening effect increases with the number of branch points; the troutonian value is reached when the branching index is larger than 0.6. Empirical correlations between elongational viscosity and branching index are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254860
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polycondensation of glyoxal with aromatic diamines (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 405-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary New diamines containing alkaneoxy linkages have been prepared by hydrolysis of the corresponding diamides which were obtained by reaction of p-hydroxyacetanilide with different dibromo alkanes. These diamines were copolymerized with glyoxal to yield insoluble copolymers in solvents such as DMSO, CH3OH, CH3COCH3, CHCl3. The diamides and diamines were characterized by IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses and the copolymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265721
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of 4-chloro-3-nitrostyrene (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 431-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method of preparation giving high yields for 4-chloro-3-nitrostyrene and some derivatives is described. First trials of free radical polymerization and copolymerization are reported and show a deactivating influence of the nitro group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265725
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on: “the heat capacity of poly(oxymethylene) as a function of crystallinity” (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 445-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary It is shown that the heat capacities of semicrystalline poly(oxymethylene)s (POM) measured recently by Illers and published in this journal support, rather than refute, the existence of a “rigid, amorphous fraction”. The former was suggested by Illers, the latter was our proposal (Suzuki et al.).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265727
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcements (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 476-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265732
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxochloromolybdenum(V)tetraphenylporphyrin complex-containing polymer as a phosphate ion exchanger (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 15 (1986), S. 479-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Oxochloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinate)molybdenum (V) was physically entrapped into poly (styrene) by lyophilizing a benzene solution including both complex and polymer. The functional ability of the obtained complex-containing resin to adsorb H2PO4 − from an aqueous solution was investigated in the presence of various anions. It was found that the selectivity of the resin for H2PO4 − is superior to those of conventional anion exchangers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281756
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...