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  • Articles  (54,287)
  • Elsevier  (41,952)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (10,974)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (1,361)
  • 1985-1989  (50,667)
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  • Medicine  (32,778)
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  • Articles  (54,287)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ROLE OF MHC, Mls AND TCR IN IMMUNE TOLERANCE (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: MHC class II molecules and self antigens, such as Mls, influence T-cell selection by clonal deletion of potentially self-reactive T cells. In order to examine the role of various class II molecules in the T-cell receptor-self antigen interaction, class II transgenic and recombinant mice were analysed for TCR expression. Our studies indicate that the Aα and Eα chains can present Mls gene products for the clonal deletion of Vβ6-bearing T cells, and that the Aαq chain is defective in this process. We have also shown that Eα Aβ heterodimer in transgenic and recombinant mice is expressed and functions to delete I-E reactive Vβ11 T cells, demonstrating again the role of the Eα molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00471.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TNF-alpha GENE POLYMORPHISMS: ASSOCIATION WITH TYPE I (INSULIN-DEPENDENT) DIABETES MELLITUS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The localization of TNF genes on the short arm of chromosome 6 between HLA B and the complement genes focused attention to that genetic region which harbours many immunologically relevant genes and is also thought to hold susceptibility genes for a variety of autoimmune diseases that are linked to specific alleles of particular loci in the HLA D region. Since the recently established HLA-DR-DQ variation accounts only for part of the genetic susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) we searched for genomic variation of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha. We have identified a TNF-alpha restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with N coI and analysed diabetic patients including their families, controls and homozygous typing cell lines (HTC) defined by the 10th International Histocompatibility Workshop. Segregation analysis in families and HTC results show a strong linkage of the TNF-alpha 5.5 kb allele with DR types in particular with AIB8DR3. This tight linkage of TNF-alpha alleles with extended haplotypes and the significant increase of heterozygotes in patients could lead to some explanation of the DR3 association with a variety of autoimmune diseases particularly IDDM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00494.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION VIA MHC CLASS II ANTIGENS ON B LYMPHOCYTES (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The role of the MHC class II antigens in the activation of resting human B lymphocytes (B-Go) was examined with respect to both early and late events in the activation process.The (Ca2+)i induced by anti-IgM was enhanced in the presence of, or following pre-incubation with, an anti-MHC class II DR antibody (D1.12). Pre-incubation with a sepharose conjugated antibody (Seph.-D1.12) augmented the proliferation of B-Go in response to a sub-optimal concentration of anti-IgM.The 2D PAGE profile of B-Go differed from that of in vivo activated B lymphocytes. The 2D PAGE profile of B-Go activated by Seph.-D1.12 was not identical to the profile of B-Go activated by either anti-IgM or PMA.These data suggest that the activation of B-Go via the class II antigens shares part of the pathway of anti-IgM induced activation but does not follow an identical pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00473.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ORGANIZATION OF THE AKR Qa REGION: STRUCTURE OF A DIVERGENT CLASS I SEQUENCE, Q5k (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We established the organization of the AKR Qa region and determined the sequence of the 44 and Q5 genes. Restriction mapping and genomic Southern blot analysis revealed that the AKR strain codes for only three H-2K homologous genes in this region. The AKR Q5 gene is not homologous to the Q5 gene of the C57BL strain, but is presumably allelic to the Q5 gene isolated from Balb/c. The organization and structure of the AKR Qa family is virtually identical to the Qa genes of the C3H mouse. The AKR Q5 gene, in contrast to other H-2K homologous Qa region genes, codes for a typical transmembrane region, and upon transfection into BHK cells, a 1.6 kb Q5 transcript is detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00474.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    H-2Kb TRANSFECTION OF B16 MELANOMA CELLS RESULTS IN REDUCED TUMOURIGENICITY AND METASTATIC COMPETENCE (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The metastatic B16 mouse melanoma shows a low cell surface expression of H-2Kb and H-2Db class I antigens on cells of both the high-metastatic line B16-F10 and the low-metastatic line B16-F1. Similarly, newly generated clones of these lines, having different metastatic properties, all express low levels of major histo-compatibility antigens. One of these clones, the high-metastatic F10.9, was transfected with H-2Kb genes to generate H-2Kb-expressing transfectants. The resulting clones showed reduced tumourigenicity and a low metastatic phenotype. Unlike the parental cells, H-2Kb-positive transfectants are potent inducers and sensitive targets of H-2Kb-restricted syngeneic cytotoxic T cells. Immunization of mice with H-2Kb-positive transfectants conferred protection against a subsequent challenge with Kb-positive transfectants but had only a small effect on growth and metastatic spread of parental cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00475.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RADIATION LEUKEMIA VIRUS AND ITS EFFECT ON H-2 GENE EXPRESSION (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this report we demonstrate that lowered expression of the H-2 antigens on RadLV-induced tumour cells is a result of depressed levels of stable mRNA in these cells. Whether this observation is a result of lowered transcription or of mRNA instability is under investigation. In an effort to determine which viral sequences are essential for mediating both the H-2 regulatory function and the transforming function of RadLV, we have begun to assemble newly integrated proviral genomes from tumours. The restriction enzyme cleavage sites of four isolates are presented; these isolates differ substantially from RadLV genomes previously presented. One of these molecular clones is shown to encode a non-defective B-tropic, ecotropic virus which when reinjected into resistant mouse strains can mediate the up-regulation of H-2Dd antigen expression. Finally, possible mechanisms of H-2 regulation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00482.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BETA hCG, HLA AND OTHER MEMBRANE ANTIGEN EXPRESSION ON BLADDER TUMOURS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO TUMOUR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES (TIL) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Expression of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) by bladder tumours has been shown to be associated with increased metastases and resistance to treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Preliminary results from typing frozen tumours using monoclonal antibodies against HLA determinants show reduced or lost expression of one or more antigens in two thirds of patients studied with a trend for more malignant behaviour and inability to generate tumour infiltrating lymphocyte expression using Interleukin-2 in those patients whose tumours demonstrate loss. In this series βhCG expression was only seen in a subgroup of those demonstrating loss of HLA antigen expression. Studies of βhCG secreting bladder cancer cell lines showed that it was possible to induce class II HLA antigen expression with gamma Interferon, and that this treatment but not alpha Interferon reduced βhCG production by the cell line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00485.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ANNOUNCEMENTS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00490.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    mAb KUL/05 IDENTIFIES A DENATURATION-RESISTANT DETERMINANT SHARED BY CLASS II MHC PRODUCTS DR, DQ AND DP (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: mAb KUL/05, a novel murine monoclonal antibody, reacts with molecules displaying the typical tissue distribution and molecular profile of class II MHC antigens. An extensive scrutiny employing serological and immunochemical assays on DR homozygous and DRα- mutant cell lines has shown that this reagent displays some additional, interesting features, namely mAb KUL/05 (a) binds in a broadly monomorphic fashion to cells of DR1 through seven specifities, (b) recognizes a determinant shared by a large proportion of DR, DQ and DPβ chains from most haplotypes, in both their monomeric and α chain-associated forms, and (c) reacts with frozen, acetone-fixed, as well as conventional, formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissues. Thus, mAb KUL/05 is likely to represent a useful adjunct for the study of the expression of class II MHC products in normal and pathological tissue specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00463.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GROSS GENETIC DIFFERENCES AMONG SUBSTRAINS OF NZB MICE (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Substrains of NZB mice have been compared by Southern blot analysis using several probes. The restriction fragment length polymorphism of probes derived from the Igh-V, Igk-V, Tcrα-C loci and of the long terminal repeat of the mouse mammary tumour virus revealed that NZB/BlLwPtIbm were grossly different from NZB/BlNJ and NZB/BlOla. Comparison with mouse strains of the Igk-V haplotypes a and d suggested that NZB/BiLwPtIbm contain genetic material of the C58 mouse strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00464.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LACK OF COMMON HAPLOTYPE AMONG FOUR FAMILY MEMBERS WITH LATE-ONSET KAPOSI'S SARCOMA (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Kaposi's sarcoma is associated with an increased frequency of HLA-DR5. The hypothesized model of a susceptibility gene in linkage disequilibrium with DR5 may be tested by haplotype analysis in familial Kaposi's sarcoma. Our finding of no common haplotype among afflicted members of a family provides evidence against the hypothesized linkage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00467.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ANNOUNCEMENT (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00469.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MAGNETIC CELL SORTING USING COLLOIDAL PROTEIN—MAGNETITE (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Magnetic filtration of labelled cells as a way of separating leucocyte subpopulations was tested with a very simple and easy filtration device, using colloidal magnetite as the labelling reagent. In order to quantitate cell enrichment, a double label (both fluorescent and magnetic) was used, under conditions which labelled less than 10% of the cells in the initial sample. Up to 20 million cells were simply passed through a small magnetic filter with a hand-held syringe. Depletion of labelled cells in the suspension that passed through was threefold, and enrichment of labelled cells in the wash of the filter after its removal from the magnet was approximately fivefold. Factors which limited the quality of separation are discussed. Other, more preliminary, experiments found enrichments of 15–to 30-fold with the same colloidal magnetite and hand-held apparatus when the cell labelling system was more selective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00453.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    APPLICATIONS OF AUTOMATED SIMULTANEOUS DOUBLE FLUORESCENCE (SDF). II. HLA CLASS I PHENOTYPING USING IMMUNOMAGNETICALLY SEPARATED T LYMPHOCYTES (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: HLA class I phenotyping was performed using T-lymphocyte populations isolated by immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) coated with monoclonal antibodies with specificity for CD2, CD4 or CD8. The results were compared to those obtained using density gradient-separated lymphocytes (PBL). The typing trays were read by the automated simultaneous double-fluorescence (SDF) technique previously established in our laboratory using an Astroscan 2100 system. The aims of the present study were to establish whether the advantages of IMB lymphocyte separation and automated plate reading by SDF were complementary and whether the results obtained by IMB-SDF and PBL-SDF were concordant.Similarity coefficients for paired results obtained by IMB-SDF and PBL-SDF varied between 0.825 using anti-CD8-coated IMBs and 0.914 using anti-CD4-coated IMBs with a consistent excess of stronger results observed with the PBL-SDF technique. The variations observed did not result in incorrect phenotype assignment but would significantly influence a cross-matching test.These results illustrate the feasibility of using IMB-separated lymphocytes for HLA phenotyping by SDF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00456.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ISOLATION OF EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Langerhans cells (LC) play an important role in the skin immune system. They are bone marrow-derived and function as the only accessory and antigen-presenting cells in the skin. Several techniques for enriching these cells have been devised, and four, including density gradient centrifugation, use of cell sorter, panning and immunomagnetic separation, are discussed. It is concluded that the most satisfactory method for isolation of LC is based on density gradient centrifugation and the most satisfactory for depletion of epidermal cell preparations for LC is based on the immunomagnetic principle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00458.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CROSS-LINKING OF Ly 6-LINKED ALLOANTIGENS: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ThB AND Ly 5 (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The bifunctional cross-linking reagent dithiobis (succinimidyl propionate) (DSP) was used to cross-link 125I surface-labelled glycoproteins from viable thymocytes. The cells were solubilized, and the cross-linked material immunoprecipitated and analysed by SDS-PAGE. When DSP cross-linked thymocyte material was immunoprecipitated with either anti-ThB or anti-Ly 5 monoclonal antibodies, and then cleaved, molecules with masses identical to Ly 5 (Mr180 kD) and ThB (Mr 16–18 kD) were obtained. However, if the cross-linker was not cleaved, the intact product had a molecular mass of 〉 200 kD. The identity of these co-precipitated, cross-linked moieties was formally proved by limited proteolysis peptide map analysis. The data indicated that the ThB and Ly 5 antigens were associated on the thymocyte cell surface but no such association could be found on peripheral lymphocytes. The ThB-Ly 5 interaction may indicate an association relevant to the differentiation of thymocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00445.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A HYPOTHESIS ON THE DUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ABH, LEWIS AND RELATED ANTIGENS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: ABH and related antigens appeared a long time ago in the evolution of vertebrates on tissues in contact with the external environment, which suggests that the polymorphism given by these antigens might play a role in the relationships of the species with pathogens. However, they are also oncodevelopmental markers and some recent experimental data suggest that they might play a role in cell-cell recognition at some stages of development. This type of function is difficult to reconcile with the polymorphic nature of these markers unless one considers that the glycosyltransferases necessary for the synthesis of the active structures are encoded by various members of multigene families. Some non-polymorphic members of the families would have their expression limited in time and space during development, leading to the same antigenic patterns in every individual, and these could reappear in some tumours, while the expression of other polymorphic members (A/B/O, H/h, Se/se, Le/le), leading to a variety of antigenic phenotypes, would be expressed at later stages and remain so during the whole life of the individual. The corresponding antigens could disappear from some cancer cells. It is argued that the ABH and related antigens would have primarily been involved in cell-cell recognition phenomena. The polymorphism would have evolved later from gene duplication under environmental pressure, the expression on erythrocytes which occurred very late in evolutionary time probably being of very little biological significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00447.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CORRELATION OF IgA2 SERUM LEVELS IN PARENT-OFFSPRING PAIRS (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 15 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: IgA2 serum levels were measured by ELISA in 120 healthy subjects from 40 nuclear families (both parents and one offspring). No sex-associated difference was observed. Moreover, the IgA2 serum levels proved to be significantly correlated in parent-offspring pairs (r=0·55; P 〈 0·001), while there was no significant correlation in mother-father pairs of the same family. The data suggest that the serum level of the IgA2 subclass is genetically controlled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1988.tb00431.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE RECOGNITION OF HYBRID MHC CLASS I MOLECULES (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 15 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have utilized a group of MHC class I genes produced by in vitro recombination between Dp and Dd to study recognition of MHC class I molecules by cytolytic T cells (CTLs). Both polyclonal allo-specific and H-2-restricted CTLs require that α1 and a2 of the target class I molecule be derived from the same haplotype for efficient killing. By using T-cell lines we showed that within the bulk population there must exist a fraction of T cells which can recognize epitopes in al or α2. Critical residues for T-cell recognition have been identified using these chimeric genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1988.tb00433.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MODULATION OF ALLOTRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE INDUCTION BY INTERLEUKIN-1 AND INTERLEUKIN-2 (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 15 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Transplantation tolerance was induced in mice by inoculating newborn animals with semi-allogeneic haematopoietic cells. The mice rendered tolerant were treated within the first week of birth, or at the time of grafting (age 7–8 weeks), with recombinant interleukin-1 (rIL-1) or interleukin-2 (rIL-2). The effects of these treatments on tolerance induction were monitored in terms of skin allograft survival. Treatment of newborn mice with rIL-2 abolished tolerance induction in nearly all tested animals. When administered at the time of grafting, both rIL-1 and rIL-2 decreased the proportion of tolerant animals. However, these modulation effects of interleukins were only observed in strain combinations with genetic differences at the K end of H-2 or in the entire H-2 complex, in which it is difficult to establish permanent tolerance; no effects of interleukins on tolerance induction were found in a strain combination with a relatively weaker genetic barrier represented by incompatibility at the D region of the H-2 complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1988.tb00436.x
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  • 21
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    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 15 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1988.tb00441.x
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A JAPANESE PATIENT WITH THE RARE Rhnull PHENOTYPE OF THE ‘REGULATOR TYPE’ (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An example of red cells having no reaction with any Rh antisera was found in a Japanese woman. Results of a serological investigation of the family indicated the action of a ‘regulator’ gene. Her serum contained an antibody which agglutinated all cells of common Rh types, except for Rhnull, by the saline, anti-globulin and papain techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1987.tb00389.x
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
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    WORKSHOP CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY CONGRESS, TORONTO (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1987.tb00365.x
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
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    ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC HELPER FACTOR REACTS WITH ANTIBODY TO THE T-CELL RECEPTOR (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Antigen-specific helper factor (ASHF), a soluble product of T helper (Th) cells, binds antigen and can induce B-cell and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) differentiation. Its relationship to the T-cell surface antigen receptor (TcR) is unknown. Both have MHC-restricted recognition of nominal antigen, thus they may share very similar combining sites. Using monoclonal anti-TcR to imrnunoprecipitate partially purified ASHF, we have obtained evidence for shared determinants between ASHF and the TcR. Antigen affinity-enriched supernatants of a Th clone, LB19, are functionally active in antigen-specific, help-dependent CTL assays. FPLC anion exchange salt fractions of these supernatants were 125I-labelled and immunoprecipitated with KJ16.133 monoclonal anti-TcR coupled to Sepharose 4B. Precipitates were analysed by SDS-PAGE. We have obtained clear evidence that functionally active Th culture supernatants contain molecules specifically precipitable by anti-TcR antibody.
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    GENETIC INFLUENCE ON THE SERUM LEVELS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING HUMAN IGG ANTIBODIES TO DIETARY ANTIGENS: QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT FROM A TWIN STUDY (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Serum IgG antibodies to ovalbumin (OA) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) were quantified by ELISA techniques in 22 monozygotic (MZ) and 24 dizygotic (DZ) healthy twin pairs. Antibody levels were comparable in the MZ and DZ groups both for anti-OA and anti-BLG antibodies. The genetic variance (ĜWT) was 0.167 for log IgG anti-OA antibodies, and 0·173 for log IgG anti-BLG antibodies, with heritability estimates of 0·44 and 0·37, respectively. No indication was observed of genotype–environmental interaction or differential environmental covariance for the log antibody levels in the MZ and DZ twins. The anti-OA and anti-BLG antibody levels in the same individual correlated only to a low degree. The levels of naturally occurring serum IgG antibodies are significantly influenced by genetic factors.
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    WORKSHOP A: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MHC CLASS I AND CLASS IV MOLECULES (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1987.tb00355.x
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    ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HUMAN IgM AUTOANTIBODIES AND κ CHAIN ALLOTYPES (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Notes: The relationship between the immunoglobulin kappa light chain allotypes and autoantibodies was studied in a series of seven human monoclonal kappa-bearing IgM antibodies with Rheumatoid Factor (RF) activity, two IgM anti-low density lipoprotein (LDL) antibodies, and one IgM anti-intermediate filament (IF) antibody. Residues at amino acid positions 153 and 191 related to the Km allotypes in human kappa chains were determined by an HPLC tryptic fingerprint and corroborated by amino acid sequence analysis. All the autoantibodies shared similar variable regions derived from the V gene(s). The seven RF and the anti IF were associated with the Km(3) constant region allotype whereas the two antiLDL were associated with the Km(1,2) allotype. Thus, monoclonal autoantibodies showed the same Km allotypic distribution as the normal population. However, although the number of samples is small, it seems likely that a preferential association may exist between particular V, genes and Km alleles in the generation of autoantibodies with different specificities.
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    ON THE BUYING AND SELLING OF ORGANS FOR TRANSPLANTATION (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1986.tb01121.x
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    STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B STIMULATION OF BALB/c LYMPHOCYTE MITOGENESIS AND POTENTIAL RELATIONSHIP TO THE Mls RESPONSE (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 15 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a T cell mitogen with properties different from the plant lectin mitogens. We examined the stimulation of mitogenesis induced by SEB in BALB/c mouse spleen cells and its relationship to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and related cell surface proteins. Based on the ability of specific monoclonal antibodies to block mitogenesis, SEB stimulation appears to be more dependent on interaction with I-E than with I-A class II MHC molecules. Additionally, anti-L3T4, and possibly other antibodies specific for proteins related to the T cell receptor complex, were inhibitory. When A20 cells were treated with SEB and used to stimulate BALB/c spleen cells which were not otherwise exposed to SEB, the treated A20 cells were capable of stimulating mitogenesis of the BALB/c spleen cells. The data support the hypothesis that SEB stimulation is mediated primarily by interactions with class II MHC proteins and possibly proteins in the T cell receptor complex. We also observed that the presence of SEB in DBA/2 (Mlsa)-stimulated BALB/c (Mlsb) spleen cell cultures enhanced the BALB/c mitogenesis three-fold over the sum of the SEB- plus Mls-stimulated mitogenesis. These results suggest that SEB may be a useful tool for further exploration of the Mls response.
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    Mls AND THE HELPER T-CELL REPERTOIRE: II. does theMlsgene product influence the formation of the T-cell repertoire? studies withMlstolerance (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 15 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the formation of a repertoire, T cells are selected through a window of autoreactivity which is defined by a low boundary representing the minimal autoreactivity required to enter the T-cell compartment and a high boundary which determines the highest admissible autoreactivity. We propose that the Mls gene product down regulates autoreactivity and thus modifies the formation of the T-cell repertoire. Given the polymorphism of Mls and the assumption that Mlsb is more inhibitory than Mlsd, it is conceivable that Mlsb (responder) mice admit into their T-cell compartment T cells with higher autoreactivity than Mlsd mice. We suggest that it is this highly autoreactive fraction of Mlsb T cells which responds in the overt Mls response. We show that Mls tolerance eliminates T cells responding in the overt Mls response but not T cells responding in the latent Mls response. This is consistent with the finding that T cells responding in the latent Mls response occur in Mlsb as well as in Mlsd mice.
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    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS ON TUMOURS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    SIMULTANEOUS RESPONSES TO TD, TI-1 AND TI-2 ANTIGENS ORIGINATE FROM BOTH SPECIFIC AND MULTIPOTENT PRECURSORS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    Notes: The classification of antigens into TD, TI-1 and TI-2 varieties raises the question of whether responses to these antigens are produced by distinct or identical subpopulations of B cells. In the present study we have examined the extent of intraclonal specificity variation in the progeny of PFC appearing after stimulation with two unrelated antigens. Mouse lymphoid cells were stimulated with pairs of TD and TI antigens, PFC were individually cultured and daughter PFC examined for their specificity. In all combinations used, PFC responding to TD antigen engendered, after 48 h of culture, a high frequency of PFC daughters expressing one or the other antibody specificity, notwithstanding the specificity of parental PFC. However, PFC responding to TI antigens seemed less subject to variation in specificity, and PFC daughters engendered after a 48 h culture period were, in the majority, of the parental specificity. These results are analysed in relation to different subpopulations of B cells.
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    IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL INFLUENCE OF THE Ay, db, ob AND nu GENES PLACED ON THE INBRED NOD BACKGROUND AS MURINE MODELS FOR HUMAN TYPE I DIABETES (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    ASSOCIATION OF GOITROUS AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS WITH HLA-DR3 IN EASTERN HUNGARY (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
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    Notes: An association of HLA-DR5 and goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis has been reported elsewhere (Farid et al., 1981; Weissel et al., 1980). Recently, the disease was found to be associated with HLA-DR4 in Newfoundlanders (Farid & Thompson, 1986). In order to find out whether different HLA associations with the disease may be found in different ethnic groups, we have now typed 68 patients with autoimmune goitrous thyroiditis from Eastern Hungary for HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DR antigens; 66 of these patients were also typed for IgG heavy-chain markers (Gm). A significant increase in DR3 (OR = 3·30) and a non-significant increase in DR4 (OR = 1·67) were found in the patients when compared with controls. The Gm3 allele, g, interacted with DR3 to enhance the risk for goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. Hashimoto's disease may show different associations in different ethnic groups, and indeed within the same ethnic group, when newly diagnosed patients are typed several years apart.
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:J. W. Goding: Monoclonal antibodies: Principles and Practice. Production and Application of Monoclonal Antibodies in Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Immunology.W. I. Morrison (Ed.): The Ruminant Immune System in Health and Disease.
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    The biological Significance of the MHC 9: WORKSHOP C: REGULATION OF MHC EXPRESSION IN NORMAL AND TUMOUR CELLS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
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    VITAMIN A-ENHANCED CLEFT PALATE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSOCIATED WITH H-2 (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Pregnant mice from the congenic strains C57BL/10Sn, B10.BR, B10.A/SgSn, B10.A(SR)/SgSn, B10.A(2R)SgSn and B10.A(18R)Sg were fed Purina Laboratory Chow or the same diet plus approximately 400IU vitamin A daily and given 80 mg/kg dexamethasone intra-peritoneally or a sham injection on the 12th day of pregnancy. It was found that only strains with b alleles between H-2S and H-2D had significantly higher frequencies of isolated cleft palate among their progeny when fed the supplemental vitamin A. The locus appears to be on the centromeric side of a dexamethasone-induced cleft palate gene which has been mapped to the same general area.
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    MODE OF ACTION OF ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC T-CELL HELPER FACTORS SECRETED BY A T-CELL LINE AND CLONES (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
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    Notes: Antigen-specific T-cell helper factors were secreted from a (T,G)-A—L specific T-cell line and clones. The factors were released upon antigenic stimulation and could be induced by a low or a high dose of antigen. The factors secreted upon low-dose stimulation possessed the antigenic specificity of the secreting cells, while the high dose-induced factors had a broader antigenic specificity and could react with the closely related polypeptide (Phe,G)-A—L, even when the cells were restricted to (T,G)-A—L. Both the low dose- as well as the high dose-induced factors could not trigger antibody production in the presence of a non-relevant antigen, and did not collaborate with B cells immunized with a non-related antigen for the production of antibodies. The helper factors, like their secreting cells, were H-2-restricted in the collaboration with B cells. In contrast to the helper cells, however, they did not require accessory cells for triggering the B cells in the process of antibody production. Some preparations of helper factors were found to be inactive. The helper activity could be restored by IL-2. Thus, IL-2 is an additional essential factor required for the antigen-specific collaboration of B cells and T-cell helper factors.
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    STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN THE EXPRESSION OF THE EPA-1-RESTRICTING ELEMENT (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
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    Notes: Epa-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) lyse epidermal cells (EC) of different Epa-1+H-2k strains, such as AKR, CBA, C58, and RF, at different levels. We used an H-2Kk-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) to test the hypothesis that this phenomenon is due to differences in the H-2-restricting element. Initially, we established the specificity of this mAb for the Epa-1-restricting element by demonstrating its capacity to inhibit the lysis of CBA EC by Epa-1-specific CTL. We then used it as the probe in a cellular radioimmunoassay to quantify the expression of the restricting element by EC of different H-2k strains. We found that C58 and RF EC bound significantly less of the mAb than did CBA EC. Although AKR also bound less of the mAb than did CBA EC, the difference was not statistically significant. To examine the generality of this phenomenon, we quantified the expression of Kk antigens on spleen cells (SC) of the same four strains. We found that RF SC, but not AKR or C58 SC, bound significantly less of the Kk mAb than did CBA SC. Thus, the differential CTL lysis of Epa-1+ EC of different strains probably reflects differences in expression of the H-2-restricting element rather than of the nominal antigen.
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    THE BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MHC (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    WORKSHOP D: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MHC CLASS II MOLECULES (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    SHORT CU MMUNICA TION: OCCURRENCE OF THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN HAPLOTYPES Gm1,17;23;21 AND Gm1,2,17;23;21 IN A SAMPLE OF AUSTRALIAN CAUCASIANS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 14 (1987), S. 0 
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    Notes: Phenotypes positive for G2m(23) but negative for Glm(3) and G3m(5,10,11,13,14) are generally very infrequent in Caucasian populations. We recently Gm typed 372 Australian blood donors, predominantly of European descent, and found two Gm(1;23) and five Gm(1,2;23) individuals among them. This finding suggests that the haplotypes Gm1,17:23;21 and Gm1,2,17,23,21 may occur, in some European populations, with a frequency considerably higher than has been generally assumed.
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    NO INTERACTION BETWEEN HLA AND GM IN TYPE 1 DIABETES? (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    THE EXPRESSION OF MURINE Qa REGION GENE PRODUCT(S) IN L CELL TRANSFORMANTS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
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    Notes: The cosmid H3.5, containing genes mapping to the murine H-2 Qa region, was used to transfect L cells by the calcium phosphate co-precipitation method. The resultant transfected cells expressed a Qa-like determinant as detected by an immune serum raised against the transfectant cells and Qa specific monoclonal antibodies. Two-dimensional gel analysis revealed the expression of a class I-like heavy chain with a similar molecular mass to the Qa2 antigens of the positive strain B10 and B10.A but with a different isoelectric point. The cosmid H3.5 spans 40 kb of DNA and contains at least one complete Qa region gene which encodes the Qa-like determinant detected in this study.
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    GENES WITHIN THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX INFLUENCE THE RESPONSE TO AMPICILLIN THERAPY AND SEVERITY OF RELAPSE IN H-2 CONGENIC, SUSCEPTIBLE Itys MICE INFECTED WITH VIRULENT SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Notes: Control by genes within H-2 of natural resistance to fully virulent salmonellae in susceptible mice was studied by the typhoid relapse model. Susceptible (Itys), H-2 congenic C57BL/10 (B10) lines were infected with a lethal dose of the virulent S. typhimurium C5 and rescued from death by ampicillin therapy, inducing a chronic infection. The response to therapy and its cessation, both early and late in the infection, varied in different strains. B10 (H-Zb) and B10.D2 (H-2d) responded less well to therapy, and were more prone to relapse on its removal, than B10.A (H-2a) or B10.M (H-2f) mice. This haplotype distribution is the same as that previously reported for H-2 linked resistance and susceptibility of similar mice to salmonellae of low virulence. The results indicate that resistance to a virulent salmonella capable of causing natural infection is influenced by genes within the MHC.
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    AUTHOR INDEX (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    EQUINE LEUCOCYTE ANTIGEN SYSTEM (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A case of recombination between the putative class I ELA antigen series and the strudure(s) governing mixed lymphocyte reactivity in an informative horse family is described. The results of serological typing, ‘lysostripping’ and mixed lymphocyte culture tests strongly suggest that the recombination took place between two loci and is not intragenic. An alloantigenic membrane structure, provisionally called B1, which does not belong to the known ELA series, was also involved in the cross-over. The B1 antigen resembles the class II gene products of other species in two respects: it is not present on platelets, and doantiserum with specificity for B1 inhibits the stimulatory effect of B1-carrying cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. The B1 antigen does not follow the classical distribution, however, being expressed on both B and T lymphocytes. The finding of separate loci for the first series of ELA antigens and the MLR governing structure(s) demonstrates the similarity of the genetic organization of the horse MHC to that in other species.
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    HISTOCOMPATIBILITY AND THE GENETICS OF TUMOUR RESISTANCE (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    HLA CLASS I AND CLASS II ANTIGEN ASSOCIATIONS IN ACUTE LEUKAEMIAS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: HLA-A,B,C and DR antigen frequencies were determined in a group of 188 patients suffering from acute myeloid (AML) and acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL). These antigen frequencies were compared with those obtained on a panel of normal individuals (n= 109) of the same ethnic origin. The significance of the differences in the antigen distribution and the strength of the associations between particular HLA antigens and the disease were then calculated. The resuks obtained show a decreased frequency of HLA-Awl9 in the overall group of patients and the group of patients with ALL. In addition, the antigen frequency of the HLA-B18 and DRS(DRw11) antigens was also decreased in the overall group of patients and in those patients with AML but not in the patients with ALL. The results suggest that the antigen Aw l9 may confer some degree of resistance to the development of ALL and that the HLA-B18 and/or DR5 antigens may be resistance factors for the development of AML.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1986.tb01087.x
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    A NOVEL MHC CLASS I MOLECULE AS A TUMOUR-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ultraviolet tight (UV)-induced tumours in mice are often highly immunogenic and have unique (individually specific) antigens which cause tumour rejection in normal mice. The molecular nature of these unique ‘rejection’ or ‘transplantation’ antigens is not known. We have recently isolated a syngeneic monoclonal antibody (mAb), CP28, that recognizes a unique tumour-specific antigen on the UV-induced regressor tumour 1591-RE. Further analysis revealed that the antibody-recognized antigen represents a novel major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule. However, the relationship of this molecule to the unique T cell-recognized antigen that causes tumour rejection remained unresolved. In this study we have explored the relationship of the antibody-defined tumour-specific novel class I molecule to the rejection antigen, that we have previously defined with a cytolytic T cell (CTL) clone (‘anti-A’). Two different lines of evidence suggested a close relationship. First, it was found that random subclones of the 1591-RE tumour expressed different levels of the CP28-defined antigen which correlated with the level of lysis by the anti-A CTL clone. Second, the selection of antigen-loss variants using either the anti-A CTL clone or the mAb CP28 resulted in the simultaneous loss of both the CP28 as well as the ‘A’ antigen. This tight correlation strongly suggests a relationship between the antibody-defined and the T cell-defined antigen. However, the role of the antibody-recognized antigen in causing transplantation rejection still needs to be determined.
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    STRUCTURAL VARIATIONS IN THE H-2 GENES OF AKR LYMPHOMAS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: K36.16 is an AKR H-2k thymoma which expresses an aberrant H-2Dd-like allospecificity, does not have a detectable amount of the H-2Kk syngeneic antigen and grows very easily in syngeneic mice. By DNA-mediated gene transfer experiments, we were able to obtain transformed clones which do express the H-2Kk molecules and are rejected by AKR mice. Southern hybridization was performed to assess whether any gross changes had occurred in the K36.16 H-2K locus or elsewhere in the MHC, which might explain the lack of H-2K expression and/or the presence of the aberrant H-2Dd-like allospecificity. Specific H-2 class I DNA probes were used to compare the K36.16 genomic DNA with normal AKR thymus DNA after digestion with a variety of restriction enzymes. After hybridization with the pH-2IIa probe a 2.8 kb ‘Hind III’ fragment was identified in the K36.16 genomic DNA which is absent from AKR DNA. The pH-2IIa probe detects the third, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of class I genes. Although these changes are indicative of MHC genome modifications it is not yet possible to link these specific Southern blot pattern variations with the phenotypic changes mentioned above.
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    LOSS OF HLA-A,B,C IN COLORECTAL CARCINOMA IS RELATED TO THE DEGREE OF DE-DIFFERENTIATION (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: By means of immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections 100 primary colorectal carcinomas and 19 metastases were studied for the expression of HLA-A,B,C antigens. A substantial number of the tumours showed a deficient class I expression. The loss of HLA-A,B,C correlated with the degree of de-differentiation.
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    TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL OF MHC CLASS II ANTIGEN EXPRESSION ON MOUSE T CELL LINES (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have analysed the factors which regulate MHC class II expression in mouse T cell lines. Two such lines, BW 5147 and PLT-24.2, were used in this study. Using 5-azacytidine (5 AzaC) we have shown that hypomethylation of DNA can induce class II antigen synthesis in BW 5147. The expression of class II in PLT-24.2 cells seems to be under a different control mechanism. Southern blot analysis of I-Aβ gene in PLT-24.2 suggests that the expression of class II in this cell line is probably the outcome of a gene rearrangement. We hypothesise that insertion of viral long terminal repeats (LTR) next to the class II genes in transformed T cell lines can act as a promoter for the expression of class II antigens.
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    DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF HLA CLASS I AND II ANTIGENS IN PRIMARY AND METASTATIC MELANOMAS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Class I and II histocompatibility antigen expression was studied in cryostat sections of biopsy tissues from 15 patients diagnosed as suffering from malignant melanoma, using monoclonal antibodies against HLA class I and II mono-morphic determinants and an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Class I antigens were detected in three of the four primary melanomas and in five of the eleven metastatic melanomas. Class II antigens were expressed only in metastatic melanomas, in three out of eleven cases.Some tumour cell suspensions were obtained and short-term cultures were established. Radiobinding and immunoprecipitation studies were carried out in two cases, named M6 and M8. The results were comparable to those obtained with direct immunofluorescence. We modulated the expression of class I and II HLA antigens with interferon in M6 when adapted to tissue culture. This melanoma was class I and II negative; after IFNγ treatment it became strongly positive for class I and II antigens. In addition we have demonstrated, using Southern blot analysis with the restriction enzymes PvuII and EcoRI, that the M6 melanoma does not have any detectable alterations in its class IIβ genes.
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    MODULATION OF THE EXPRESSION OF HLA CLASS II ANTIGENS BY GAMMA INTERFERON AND PHORBOL ESTER TPA ON MYELOID LEUKAEMIC CELL LINES (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the effect of gamma interferon and phorbol ester (TPA), on the expression of HLA class II molecules of myeloid leukaemic cell lines K562, U937, KG-1, HG60 and ML-2. Gamma interferon induced the expression of HLA-DR but not HLA-DQ on HL-60 and ML-2, increased the expression of HLA-DR and DQ on U937 and induced the expression of HLA-DQ on KG-1. TPA treatment did not affect the expression of HLA class II antigens on U937 and KG-I and induced the expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ on HL-60 and ML-2. TPA treatment did not affect the HLA phenotype of K562 but gamma interferon did induce HLA class I molecules. Thus, gamma interferon cannot only increase the expression of HLA products already expressed on the cells but can also induce the de novo synthesis of these molecules on myeloid leukaemic cell lines.
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    KINETIC ANALYSIS OF CLONED CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE REACTIVITY AGAINST NORMAL AND LEUKAEMIC TARGET CELLS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The kinetics of unrestricted killing of normal and leukaemic lymphocyte target cells by a Qa-lb-specific murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone were evaluated in a manner analogous to enzyme kinetic assays in which the effector and target cells corresponded to the enzyme and substrate, respectively. In order to apply the enzyme-substrate analogy to clonal cytolytic reactions, it was first established that the lytic reactions exhibited initial steady-state velocity of lysis at the effector and target cell concentrations used. The lytic reaction maintained linearity for velocity of lysis during the first 90 min of incubation, then plateaued. Vmax (the maximal rate of target cell lysis achieved by a given effector population) and K, (the target cell number resulting in 1/2Vmax) values were determined over a wide range of target and effector cell concentrations. Both parameters were found to be directly proportional to the number of effector cells. At a given concentration of cloned CTL, the lytic parameters of Vmax and K, were not significantly different for normal or leukaemic target cells that express Qa-lb. Additional kinetic parameters for lysis of normal and leukaemic target cells by a cloned CTL were also compared. The lytic efficiency of the CTL clone (i.e. maximal killing rate with an infinite number of targets) and the intrinsic anity between effector and target cells were the same with either normal or leukaemic targets. However, the maximal lysis of target cells at an infinite number of effectors was significantly less for normal compared with leukaemic targets. This suggests that the normal target cells were more heterogeneous in their expression of the target (Qa-1b, antigen. Enzyme-like kinetic analysis of cell-mediated lysis reactions can be useful for comparing the relative affinities of effector and target cells obtained from various sources.
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    MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF A CASE OF IgA2 DEFICIENCY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A family with two members with selective IgA2 deficiency was analysed by direct gene analysis with different probes for the IgCH region. No gross gene deletions or rearrangements were detected. Genetic analysis based on serological and molecular markers did not rule out linkage with the IgCH region. However, a defect of other genes not linked to the Ig heavy chain region and controlling the expression of IgA may be possible as well.
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    BOOK REVIEW (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Book Review in this articleM. W. Strickberger: Genetics. Collier Macmillan, New York, London. 1985. ISBN 0-02-418120-X. Price £l5.95.
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    CHARACTERIZATION OF A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY THAT RECOGNIZES A DETERMINANT UNIQUE TO HUMAN HAEMOGLOBIN β-CHAIN (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 12 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Methodologies are described for the production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human haemoglobin. Three monoclonal antibodies are described, two of which recognize distinct determinants on the α-chain subunit. A third monoclonal antibody, Hb-2d, recognizes a determinant expressed on human β-chain. The Hb-2d determinant is shared by human and baboon haemoglobins, but is not expressed by haemoglobins from beef, goose, pig, rabbit, sheep, dog, rat or mouse. Monoclonal antibody Hb-2d will bind to haemoglobin A2 but not to foetal haemoglobin suggesting that δ- but not γ-chain also expresses the Hb-2d determinant. The results of testing a limited panel of human haemoglobin variants is presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1985.tb00847.x
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    FEMALE POPLITEAL LYMPH NODE RESPONSES TO H- Y ANTIGEN ON MALE THYMOCYTES IN MICE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 12 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: C57BL/10 (abbreviation B10) female mice give a high primary popliteal lymph node (PLN) response to syngeneic male thymocytes. The PLN response to the H-Y antigen is suppressed if B10 females are primed by an intraperitoneal injection of syngeneic male cells. Suppression of the response can be induced by priming with not only syngeneic B10 male thymocytes but also allogeneic thymocytes which share the H-2D locus of the H-2b haplotype with the responder (Db restriction). On the other hand, B10.D2, B10.A, and HTO female mice, giving a low primary PLN response to H-Y, give high secondary PLN responses when primed intraperitoneally with syngeneic male thymocytes. A high secondary response can also be obtained by priming with allogeneic male thymocytes which share the K/i〉 end loci (K, Aβ, Aα, Eβ, and Eα) of the H-2 complex with the responder. Apparently the male thymocytes used for priming must share class I (and possibly class II) H-2 loci with the female recipients to enable the recognition of the H-Y antigen and subsequent development of the genetically determined type (suppression or amplification) of the secondary PLN response.
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    THE ARRANGEMENT OF H-2 CLASS I GENES IN MOUSE t HAPLOTYPES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 12 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The t haplotypes of mouse chromosome 17 bear a number of interesting mutations and rearrangements, some of which map close to the H-2 complex. Since there are many H-2 class I genes of unknown function, we have investigated their arrangement in t haplotypes using genomic Southern blots. We present a detailed chart of the H-2w30(tw12) complex, and compare it with the arrangement in other t haplotypes and standard mouse haplotypes. The chart shows duplications, deletions, and reshuffling of conserved and divergent regions. The two major features of the t arrangement-large deletions in the Qa and Tla regions–have analogues in some standard strains, so it is unlikely that these deletions are responsible for t-specific phenotypes. The differences between t and standard mouse strains are similar, in nature and in degree, to those between different standard strains.
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    THE CELL SURFACE PHENOTYPE OF MOUSE NEUTROPHILS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 12 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Using monoclonal antibodies, mouse peritoneal neutrophils were typed for the presence of 23 cell surface alloantigens, the expression of which was quantitated by flow cytofluorometry and compared with that of lymphocytes. The H-2K and H-2D alloantigens and β2-microglobulin were present on all neutrophils, but Ia and Qa antigens were not detected. It was found that Ly-5.1, Ly-15.2, Ly-21.2, Ly-24.2 (Pgp-1) and Ly-25.1 were present on 〉90% of neutropils; Ly-6.2 and Ly-27.2 were absent, but Ly-28.2 (encoded by an Ly-6 linked gene), was present on 〉90% of neutrophils. As expected, the lymphocyte-specific antigens Ly-1.1, Ly-2.2, Ly-3.1, Ly-7.2, Ly-12.1 and Thy-1.2 were absent from the neutrophils. When compared with lymphocytes, marked differences in alloantigen expression on neutrophils were seen for Ly-5.1, Ly-24.2 and Ly-28.2. These studies should be of value in the study of neutrophil structure and function.
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    IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES IN HUNGARIAN GYPSIES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 12 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The allotypic markers of immunoglobulin heavy chains (Gm, Am and Em allotypes) provide important contributions to the differentiation between populations, and they are informative for tracing racial origin, migration and admixture of isolates and stray groups. The combined Glm; G2m; G3m; A2m; Em haplotypes are a highly polymorphic system that is a powerful tool in population genetics because of the existence of haplotypes that are unique for a particular race. In this paper, data on Gypsies living in Hungary are compared with those obtained in other populations, in particular Hindus and non-Hindus from India. The analysis agrees with anthropological and philological evidence for population movements from Asia to Europe.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1985.tb00840.x
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    PRODUCTION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST RT2 ANTIGENS OF THE RAT AND THE DEFINITION OF A NEW LOCUS, RT9, LINKED TO RT2 (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 12 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Efforts were made to generate hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against the RT2a, RT2b and RT3a antigens of the rat. While a number of hybridomas from each of five different fusions was found to produce antibodies against the RT2b antigen, no hybridoma producing antibody to the RT2a antigen could be detected among those generated in six different fusions. No stable hybridoma secreting antibody specific for the RT3a antigen could be established in three different fusions, although one positive culture was detected. In the course of this work, a monoclonal antibody against a new antigenic specificity was detected in one of the two strain combinations in which the anti-RT2b antibodies were raised. The locus controlling this antigen, which was designated RT9, maps 4.9 (2.2-12.6) cM from RT2.
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    NON-SPECIFIC REGULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS TO A THYMUS-INDEPENDENT ANTIGEN, TNP-LPS, IN HIGH AND LOW RESPONDER LINES OF MICE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 12 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Responsiveness to a thymus-independent (TI-1) antigen, TNP-LPS, was investigated in the high and low responder lines of mice resulting from four independent selective breedings carried out for antibody production to various complex natural immunogens (selections I, III, IV and V). The superiority of the high responder vs. the low responder line was generally observed, confirming that the genes accumulated through selective breeding can modify the responsiveness to unrelated antigens including TI antigens.Two special features were observed in selection III: (1) A secondary response to TNP-LPS: higher peak values and IgG isotype antibody production were obtained in the H line. (2) Pretreatment with LPS modified the responses to TNP in the L line only.
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    SPECIFICITY OF ALLOACTIVATED HUMAN T LYMPHOCYTE CLONES IN SECONDARY PROLIFERATION, CELL-MEDIATED LYMPHOLYSIS AND INTERLEUKIN-2 RELEASE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 12 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Alloreactive cytolytic T cell clones were generated from mixed leucocyte reactions (MLRs) between unrelated individuals. Two clones exhibited proliferative responses specific for class I HLA antigens B21 and B17. They were also found to be cytolytic toward cells bearing these HLA-B antigens as measured in cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assays. Four clones exhibited primed lymphocyte test (PLT) and CML activity specific for various class II HLA antigens, namely DR1, DR5, DQw3 and DRw53. For each of these six clones, the CML specificity was identical to the PLT specificity. Both class I and class II specific clones released interleukin-2 (IL-2) upon restimulation with irradiated cells carrying the relevant HLA specificity. This stimulator-induced IL-2 release showed the same specificity pattern as that observed in the PLT assay. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibition studies on alloreactive T cell clones showed similar inhibition profiles of PLT, CML and IL-2 release assays. These findings suggest that cytolytic activity, secondary proliferation and IL-2 release by alloactivated T cells may be induced by the same HLA encoded determinant.
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    IMMUNOGENETIC STUDIES OF SPONTANEOUS ABORTION IN MICE: III. NON-H-2 ANTIGENS AND GESTATION (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: CBA/J (H-2k) females, mated with DBA/2 J (H-2d) or DBA/1 J (H-2q) males, exhibit a high rate of fetal resorption. In contrast, when H-2 identical CBA substrains (i.e. CBA/Ca and CBA/N) are used, this phenomenon is not observed. On the other hand, before mating with DBA/2 J males, pre-immunization of CBA/J females with spleen cells coming from BALB/c J or (DBA/2 x BALB/c J) F1 males (and not from other H-2d identical males whatever their Mls alleles) has significantly decreased the fetal resorption rate. Thus, immunization against determinants other than classical H-2d (K, I, D, L) antigens (transmitted as a dominant character and different from Mls determinants) can elicit anti-abortive effects. Furthermore, it was observed that the spleen cell endowed with the anti-abortive effects was neither a T nor a B lymphocyte. In contrast, peritoneal cells were able to reproduce the phenomenon, indicating that it may be mediated by a cell of the macrophage-monocyte lineage. Finally, a first gestation was substituted for allo-immunization of CBA/J females. The anti-abortive effects of a first pregnancy by BALB/c J males (and not by other H-2k syngeneic or H-2d allogeneic males) was observed in the course of a second pregnancy sired by DBA/2 J males. These data can be interpreted in terms of maternal recognition of an antigen present on both macrophages and trophoblast cells and necessary for a successful gestation, which is coded for by genes outside the K, I, D, L regions.
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    T-CELL DEPLETION OF HUMAN BONE MARROW (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The myelo-ablative effects of high-dose therapy for refractory cancer can be overcome by the transplantation of bone marrow from an HLA-matched normal donor. Suitable donors are available for only one patient in three, and even minor disparities at HLA loci can produce graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in transplant recipients. Depletion of T lymphocytes from the marrow in vitro can reduce the incidence and severity of GvHD.In this paper we review the use of immunomagnetic cell separation for the depletion of mature T cells from bone marrow. This procedure uses monoclonal antibodies to identify the target cells. These are then rosetted with anti-immunoglobulin-coated paramagnetic microspheres and collected by exposure of the marrow to a magnetic field. Factors impacting the efficiency of the separation, including choice of anti-immunoglobulin and monoclonal antibodies, incubation conditions and methods for residual cell detection, are outlined.The relative limitations and advantages of the method are discussed in relation to other techniques. It is concluded that the flexibility of the immunomagnetic procedure, in its ability to be used for both positive and negative selection of T-cell subsets, or for pan-T-cell depletion, could make it the method of choice in this application.
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    Functional domains of bacteriophage Mu transposase: properties of C-terminal deletions (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have generated a series of 3’deletions of a cloned copy of the bacteriophage Mu transposase (A) gene. The corresponding truncated proteins, expressed under the control of the λ Pl promoter, were analysed in vivo for their capacity to complement a superinfecting Mu4am phage, both for lytic growth and lysogeny, and for their effect on growth of wild-type Mu following infection or induction of a lysogen. Using crude cell extracts, we have also examined binding properties of these proteins to the ends of Mu. The results allow us to further define regions of the protein important in replicative transposition, establishment of lysogeny and DNA binding.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00266.x
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    Functional organization and nucleotide sequence of virulence Region-2 on the large virulence plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2a (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The 7kb virulence Region-2 of the large (virulence) plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2a encodes several proteins required for invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. Insertion and deletion mutagenesis, DNA subcloning and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis of proteins synthesized in minicells demonstrated five genes in this region. They encode 24, 18, 62 (lpaB), 41 (lpaC) and 37 (lpaD)-kiloDalton (kD) proteins. Complementation of Tn5-induced mutations in Region-2 with the above plasmid constructs indicated that Region-2 consists of two operons and that the three lpa proteins are essential for the virulence phenotype. The transcriptional organization determined by Northern blotting, S1 nuclease protection and the effect of Tn5 insertions on expression of the lpa proteins revealed that Region-2 has three promoters that transcribe RNAs of 4.0, 4.5 and 7.5kb. The 4.0 kb RNA was the transcript for the operon encoding the 24, 18 kD, lpaB and C proteins and the 4.5 kb RNA for the ipsD gene. In addition, the full-length RNA of 7.5 kb which covers Region-2 supplemented full expression of the lpa proteins. The 7663 nucleotides of Region-2 were determined to confirm the five open reading frames encoding 23655, 17755, 62168, 41077 and 36660 Dalton proteins, respectively, and their regulatory sequences.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00269.x
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  • 72
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    Characterization of the virA virulence gene of the nopaline plasmid, pTiC58, of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a 4.8 kilobase fragment encompassing the virA locus of the nopaline-type plasmid, pTiC58, of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. virA is composed of a single open reading frame of 2499 nucleotides, capable of encoding a protein of 91.3 kiloDaltons. A trpE::virA gene fusion was used to confirm the reading frame of virA. High nucleotide and amino acid sequence homologies were observed between pTiC58 virA and the virA sequences of three octopine-type plasmids. Strong homologies in amino acid sequence were observed between pTiC58 VirA and seven bacterial proteins which control various regulons. Two hydrophobic domains within VirA are also consistent with a model in which VirA acts as a membrane-bound sensor of plant signal molecules.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00274.x
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  • 73
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    Membrane topology of penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The β-lactamase fusion vector, pJBS633, has been used to analyse the organization of penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3) in the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. The fusion junctions in 84 in-frame fusions of the coding region of mature TEM β-lactamase to random positions within the PBP3 gene were determined. Fusions of β-lactamase to 61 different positions in PBP3 were obtained. Fusions to positions within the first 31 residues of PBP3 resulted in enzymatically active fusion proteins which could not protect single cells of E. coli from killing by ampicillin, indicating that the β-lactamase moieties of these fusion proteins were not translocated to the peri-plasm. However, all fusions that contained: ≥36 residues of PBP3 provided single ceils of E coli with substantial levels of resistance to ampicillin, indicating that the β-lactamase moieties of these fusion proteins were translocated to the periplasm. PBP3 therefore appeared to have a simple membrane topology with residues 36 to the carboxy-terminus exposed on the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane. This topology was confirmed by showing that PBP3 was protected from proteolytic digestion at the cytoplasmic side of the inner membrane but was completely digested by proteolytic attack from the periplasmic side. PBP3 was only inserted in the cytoplasmic membrane at its amino terminus since replacement of its putative lipoprotein signal peptide with a normal signal peptide resulted in a water-soluble, periplasmic form of the enzyme. The periplasmic form of PBP3 retained its penicillin-binding activity and appeared to be truly water-soluble since it fractionated, in the absence of detergents, with the expected molecular weight on Sephadex G-100 and was not retarded by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl-Superose.
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  • 74
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    Yeast 2μm vectors replicate and undergo recombination in Torulaspora delbrueckii (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to develop a procedure for transformation of the industrial yeast Torulaspora delbrueckii, we have constructed a set of recombinant plasmids carrying Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARS and 2μm origin of replication and kanamycin-G418 resistance gene of Tn903(601) as a selective marker. In this paper we show that S. cerevisiae ARS vectors can replicate autonomously and that vectors bearing the whole S. cerevisiae 2 μ sequence yield stable transform ants. We also present evidence to show that 2μm vectors undergo an FLP-mediated inter- and intramolecular recombination, which suggests that T. delbrueckii can support the amplification and partition mechanisms of these plasmids.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00251.x
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  • 75
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    Differential gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis: regulation of the spoVJ gene (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The process of spore formation in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis is a simple developmental system controlled by 50 or more genes. The complex pattern of regulatory interactions between these genes is beginning to be elucidated. spoVJ is a poorly characterized locus in which mutations affect spore development at a relatively late stage (Stage V). We have now cloned and physically characterized the SpoVJ locus, and analysed its expression by lacZ fusion. Expression of spoVJ is temporally delayed until about two hours after the initiation of sporulation. Its expression is also spatially restricted to the mother cell compartment; as such, it represents the earliest known mother-cell-specific event. Control of spoVJ transcription is complex: expression is dependent upon the products of all of the spo0 genes and on some of the spoII genes butitis independent of all later genes except spoIIID. As spoIIID mutations do not affect prespore development, this gene must be an important early determinant of mother-cell-specific gene expression.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00255.x
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  • 76
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    Responses of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae to iron restriction: changes in the outer membrane protein profile and the removal of iron from porcine transferrin (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Outer membranes from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae grown under iron-replete and iron-restricted conditions in vitro were analysed by means of SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Iron restriction resulted in the appearance of two or more novel polypeptides in the molecular size range of 96–102 kD and an increased amount of a 79 kD polypeptide. These polypeptides were recognized by porcine immune sera indicating their production by H. pleuropnuemoniae during‘growth in vivo. Although soluble siderophore production could not be detected, growth of the organisms on an iron-restricted medium was enhanced by the presence of porcine transferrin but not by bovine or human transferrin. The results suggest that H. pleuropneumoniae possesses a specific transferrin receptor, perhaps in the form of an iron-regulated outer membrane protein.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00258.x
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  • 77
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    Regulation of enterobacterial cephalosporinase production: the role of a membrane-bound sensory transducer (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae, resistance to the newer β-lactam antibiotics often results from overproduction of a cephalosporinase encoded by the β-lactam-inducible ampC gene. Regulation of ampC is controlled by the divergently expressed activator gene, ampR, and a second unlinked locus. In this presentation we show that although Escherichia coli has IQst its ampR gene it has retained the second regulatory locus and that this comprises the bicistronic ampDE operon. Genetic and biochemical studies define the ampD gene as encoding a repressor for amp C transcription whereas the ampE gene product is a cytoplasmic membrane protein. Inactivation of the AmpD protein by mutation causes massive overproduction of cephalosporinase which, in E. cloacae, can terminate in therapeutic failure. In contrast, toss of AmpE results in a total block in induction, despite the presence of the activator, AmpR.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00262.x
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    Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin: the nucleotide sequence of the gene and the mechanism of activation of the protoxin (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The gene encoding cytotoxin (ctx) was cloned from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 158 and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The structural gene of ctx encodes the procytotoxin of 286 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 31681 Daltons. Procytotoxin was activated by removal of 20 amino acid residues from the C terminus with trypsin. The cloned ctx gene was not expressed in either an Escherichia coli strain or a cytotoxin non-producing strain of P. aeruginosa. An expression system for the ctx gene was constructed by placing the structural gene of ctx downstream of tac promoter on a broad host-range vector plasmid.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00235.x
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    Characterization of Rhizobium phaseoli Sym plasmid regions involved in nodule morphogenesis and host-range specificity (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two nodulation regions from the symbiotic plasmid (pSym) of Rhizobium phaseoil CE-3 were identified. The two regions were contained in overlapping cosmids pSM927 and pSM991. These cosmids, in a R phaseoli pSym-cured strain background, induced ineffective nodules on Phaseolus vulgaris roots.Transconjugants of Rhizobium meliloti harbouring pSM991 induced nodule-like structures on bean roots, suggesting that this cosmid contains host-range determinants.Analysis of deletions and insertional mutations in the sequences of pSM991 indicated that the genes responsible for the induction and development of nodules in P. vulgaris are organized in two regions 20kb apart. One region, located in a 6.8kb Eco RI fragment, includes the common nodABC genes. The other region, located in a 3.5kb EcoRI fragment, contains information required for host-range determination.
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  • 80
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    Regulation of the phase switch controlling expression of type 1 fimbriae in Escherichia coli (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The expression of Escherichia coli type 1 fimbriae is phase-variable i.e. the bacterial cell is either fimbriated or non-fimbriated. The transition from one state to the other is caused by the change in configuration of an invertible DNA segment harbouring the promoter of the fimA gene. The position of this phase switch is controlled by two proteins, FimB and FimE, which mediate an ‘on’ or ‘off’ configuration of the switch, respectively. In this study, we have investigated how these proteins control the switch by means of fim-lac fusions on low-copy-number plasmids. It was found, by in trans and cis complementation, that the ratio of fimB to fimE and the total concentration of the gene products determine the configuration of the switch as well as the frequency of phase switching. It was also shown that transcription occurs from the promoter located at the phase switch when this is in the ‘off’ configuration. This suggests a regulatory mechanism, since the resulting transcript would be anti-sense to the fimE transcript.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00242.x
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    Specificity of signal molecules in the activation of Agrobacterium virulence gene expression (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The activation of the Agrobacterium virulence system is known to be induced by certain phenolic compounds. We have tested the vir-inducing ability of fifty compounds, by using a virB-lacZ gene fusion, and analysed the relationship between structure and activity of these compounds. In this way we have identified several new vir-inducers: coniferylalcohol, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzene, homovanillic acid, ferulic acid, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and guaiacol, all of which are compounds with strong or moderate activity and four compounds with weak vir-inducing activity. In view of the specificity of vir-inducers, our data extended observations of others and enabled us to define the specific structural features of a vir-inducer molecule. In addition we show here that induction of the octopine Ti vir-genes is (i) optimal at 29° C and totally abolished at 37° C., and (ii) strongly inhibited at low concentrations of sodium chloride. The implications for plant transformation are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00246.x
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    The proline transport protein of Aspergillus nidulans is very similar to amino acid transporters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Aspergillus nidulans, the gene prnB encoding the major proline transport system is one of a cluster of four genes necessary and sufficient for the utilization of proline as sole nitrogen and/or carbon source. The prn cluster has been cloned and the sequence and transcript map of the prnB gene are presented in this paper. The predicted translated sequence consists of 570 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of 63028 Daltons. Its hydropathy profile shows 10 hydrophobic segments typical of integral membrane proteins. No N-terminal hydrophobic signal peptide is present, the N-terminal and C-terminal ends of the protein being hydrophilic. Similar results were previously found for the arginine and histidine transporters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with which the prnB transporter shares regions of highly conserved amino acid sequences. Using S1 mapping and Northern blot analyses, we confirm the presence of a unique inducible prnB transcript of 1.9 kb.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00219.x
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    Cloning and expression of plasmid DNA sequences involved in Salmonella serotype Typhimurium virulence (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A 22 kb region of the 90kb virulence-associated plasmid, plP1350, of Typhimurium strain C52 was cloned into the mobilizable vector pSUP202, yielding plasmid plP1352. This recombinant plasmid restored full virulence to plasmidless strain C53 in a mouse model. Transposon Tn5 insertion mutagenesis demonstrated the existence of two DNA sequences in plP1352 designated VirA and VirB, both of which are essential for the expression of virulence. A recombinant plasmid containing only the VirA and VirB regions markedly increased the virulence of the plasmidless strain C53, but did not confer full virulence. These results suggested that a third virulence-associated region might be present on plP1352. Eleven proteins encoded by the 22 kb insert sequence of pl P1352 were identified in Escherichia coli SE5000 maxicells. The VirA region encoded at least two proteins with apparent molecular weights of 71000 and 28000 and the VirB region encoded two proteins of 43000 and 38000.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00222.x
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    Cloning a genomic region required for a high-affinity iron-uptake system in Rhizobium meliloti 1021 (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A collection of transposon-induced mutants of Rhizobium meliloti 1021 defective in siderophore-mediated iron assimilation were obtained and classified as biosynthetic, transport or regulatory. Several of the mutations were cloned and the adjacent sequences were used to acquire complementing DNA from the wild type. A single genomic region of about 35kb complemented all of the mutants deficient in production of the siderophore.
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    Conserved serine-rich sequences in xylanase and cellulase from Pseudomonas fluorescens subspecies cellulosa: internal signal sequence and unusual protein processing (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The complete nucleotide sequence of the xynA gene coding for a xylanase (XYLA) expressed by Pseudomonas fluorescens subspecies cellulosa, has been determined. The structural gene consists of an open reading frame of 1833 bp followed by a TAA stop codon. Confirmation of the nucleotide sequence was obtained by comparing the predicted amino acid sequence with that derived by N-terminal analysis of purified forms of the xylanase. The signal peptide present at the N terminus of mature XYLA closely resembles signal peptides of other secreted proteins. Truncated forms of the xylanase gene, in which the sequence encoding the N-terminal signal peptide had been deleted, still expressed an enzyme which was secreted in Escherichia coli. XYLA contains domains which are homologous to an endoglucanase expressed by the same organism. These structures include serine-rich sequences. Bal31 deletions of xynA revealed the extent to which these conserved sequences, in XYLA, were essential for xylanase activity. Downstream of the TAA stop codon is a G + C-rich region of dyad symmetry (δG = 24kcal) characteristic of E. coli Rho-independent transcription terminators.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00271.x
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    The nucleotide sequence of the rodC operon of Bacillus subtilis (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The rodC1 mutation of Bacillus subtilis is a temperature-sensitive marker which affects the levels of teichoic acid synthesis and the cellular morphology. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the bicistronic operon which contains the rodC gene and the nucleotide sequence of the rodC1 mutant allele. The temperature-sensitive phenotype of the rodC mutant is the result of a single base-pair change. A cytosine to thymine transition in the non-coding strand results in the replacement of a serine residue in the wild-type protein with a phenylalanine residue in the mutant protein. The other gene in the operon, the rodD gene, appears to be equivalent to the gtaA gene which encodes uridine diphosphate-glucose poly-(glycerol phosphate) α-glucosyl transferase, an enzyme involved in techoic acid synthesis. This is the first nucleotide sequence analysis of both the wild-type and mutant alleles of a morphogene in B. subtilis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00276.x
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    Iron and virulence in Shigella (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Iron limitation, a condition encountered within mammalian hosts, induces the synthesis of a number of proteins in pathogenic Shigella species. These include several outer membrane proteins, Shiga toxin, and proteins involved in the biosynthesis and transport of high-affinity iron-binding compounds or siderophores. Although siderophores have been shown to play a major role in the virulence of some bacterial pathogens, these compounds do not appear to be essential for the virulence of Shigella species. Unlike those pathogens which are restricted to the extracellular compartments of the host, the Shigella species invade and multiply within host cells. Alternative iron-acquisition systems, such as the ability to utilize haem-iron, permit growth of the intracellular bacteria. Virulent shigellae also possess a cell-surface haem-binding protein, and synthesis of this protein correlates with infectivity and virulence. This protein does not appear to be involved in iron acquisition. Rather, it may allow the bacteria to coat themselves with haem compounds, thus enhancing their ability to interact with target host cells.
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    A novel, non-invasive promoter probe vector: cloning of the osmoregulated proU promoter of Escherichia coli K12 (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have constructed a novel promoter probe plasmid pSB40, containing a unique lac-α-tetracycline marker gene tandem, which allows for both positive and negative selection of active promoters. Promoters cloned in pSB40 can be readily mobilized as EcoR1 cassettes. Using this vector we have performed a non-invasive analysis of the E. coli chromosome for promoters regulated by osmotic upshift. Only one such promoter, subsequently identified as part of the proU operon, was isolated. A sequence of 253bp, sufficient to mediate osmotic regulation of the proU promoter, was defined. This E coli promoter was normally regulated in Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella and Citrobacter but not in Shigella. A proU-luxAB fusion plasmid was constructed and used to monitor in vivo real-time kinetics of proU induction following osmotic upshock.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00252.x
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  • 89
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    Localization and functional analysis of the regulated promoter from the Streptomyces glaucescens mel operon (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The transcription initiation site of the meloperon from Streptomyces glaucescens, determined by S1 mapping and primer elongation experiments, lies 32 to 34bp upstream of the translation initiation codon of the first open reading frame. A total of 172 to 219bp upstream of the transcription start point are necessary for a fully active and regulated mel promoter. Deletion analysis, gel retardation assays and DNAse I footprint experiments facilitated division of the promoter into three functional domains, which include the RNA polymerase recognition site up to nucleotides -33 to -42, the binding region of a protein of assumed regulatory function between nucleotides -65 and -93, and an upstream activator site, located between positions -158 and -219.
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    Signalling proteins in enterobacterial AmpC β-lactamase regulation (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cloned Citrobacter freundii ampC β-lactamase is inducible in the presence of its regulatory gene ampR in Escherichia coli (Lindberg et al., 1985). The basal level of expression and inducibility are affected by two E. coli proteins encoded by the closely linked ampD and ampE genes. Deletion of both genes led to constitutive ampR-dependent overproduction of β-lactamase, whereas an out-of-frame deletion in AmpD caused the basal expression to increase twofold. This ampD1 mutant was inducible at lower β-lactam concentrations than the wild type. An IS1 insertion in ampD was polar on ampE expression and increased basal β-lactamase expression 30-fold while mediating a semi-constitutive phenotype. AmpE expressed from a recombinant plasmid in an ampD ampE deletion mutant reduced basal β-lactamase expression to wild-type levels but did not markedly reduce β-lactam resistance since the cells became hyperinducible. in the absence of AmpD, increasing levels of AmpE therefore decrease the basal expression of AmpC β-lactamase in an AmpR-dependent manner. AmpD modulated the response exerted on β-lactamase expression by AmpE. The ampD gene encodes a 20.5kD cytoplasmic protein while the 32.1kD ampE gene product is an integral membrane protein with a likely ATP-binding site between the second and third putative transmembrane region. Since neither AmpD nor AmpE are needed for β-lactam induction and since these proteins could not be covalently labelled by benzylpenicillin, they are not thought to act as β-lactam-binding sensory tranducers. Instead it is suggested that AmpD and AmpE sense the effect of β-lactam action on peptidoglycan biosynthesis and relay this signal to AmpR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00259.x
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  • 91
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    Reverse transcriptase in bacteria (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Reverse transcriptase, discovered in 1970 in retroviruses, has until recently been found only in eukaryotic organisms. Recently it was shown to occur in two groups of bacteria: myxobacteria and Escherichia coli. The gene for reverse transcriptase is part of a chromosomal genetic element that codes for the production of a branched DNA-RNA compound. In this compound a single-stranded DNA is connected to RNA at a specific G residue by a 2′-5’phosphodiester linkage. The precursor for the DNA-RNA compound is a folded messenger RNA, in which the specific G residue is the initiation point for reverse transcription. In the final DNA-RNA compound, the portion of the RNA transcribed by reverse transcriptase is eliminated by RNase H. The DNA-RNA compound is present in several hundred copies per cell. Its biological function is unknown at present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00264.x
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  • 92
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    Independent and coupled translational initiation of atp genes in Escherichia coli: experiments using chromosomal and plasmid-borne lacZ fusions (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The translational initiation rates directed by the translational initiation regions (TIRs) of the atpB, atpH, atpA and atpG genes of Escherichia coli were investigated using lacZ fusions present on plasmids as well as integrated into the chromosome. This was the first investigation of the translational efficiency of the atpB gene, whose unfused product (subunit a) can be toxic to the cell. The specific mRNA levels, rates of in vivo protein synthesis and β-galactosidase activities encoded by the atp:: lacZ fusions were compared in order to obtain valid estimates of relative translation rates. The results indicate that in the E. coli atp operon, translation directed by the atpB, atpH and atpG TIRs is less efficient than that directed by the atpA TIR, and are thus consistent with earlier measurements of direct atp gene expression. Initiation is, however, to differing extents, controlled by coupling to the translation of upstream neighbours. There is particularly tight coupling between atpH and atpA. Increasing the distance between these two genes whilst maintaining the original atpA TIR structure decreased the degree of coupling. The influence of manipulations of the atpG TIR structure upon translational efficiency was quantitatively more pronounced when the atpG fusions were present as a single copy per chromosome. This is likely to be related to the mRNA binding characteristics of 30S ribosomal subunits and/or to the influence of other (trans-acting) factors. The control of independent and coupled initiation at the atp TIRs is discussed in relation to mRNA structure and possible CiS and trans regulatory phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00234.x
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  • 93
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    RFLP-based genetic map of Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME446: lignin peroxidase genes occur in clusters (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We describe the construction of an RFLP-based genetic map of the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME446. The map is deduced from the allele distributions of 38 RFLP markers in a test set of 53 meiotically derived haploid recombinants of this strain. The map includes a cellulase gene, a mating-type locus and a family of lignin peroxidase (and related) genes that are arranged in two unlinked clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00240.x
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  • 94
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    The nifA gene product from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii lacks the N-terminal domain found in other NifA proteins (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The nifA gene has been identified between the fixX and nifB genes in the clover microsymbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii (R.I. bv. trifolii) strain ANU843. Expression of the nifA gene is induced in the symbiotic state and site-directed mutagenesis experiments indicate that nifA expression is essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Interestingly, the predicted R.I. bv. trifolii NifA protein lacks an N-terminal domain that is present in the homologous proteins from R.I. bv. viciae, Rhizobium meliloti, Brady rhizobium japonicum, Klebsiella pneumoniae and all other documented NifA proteins. This indicates that this N-terminal domain is not essential for NifA function in R.I. bv. trifolii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00244.x
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  • 95
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    Specificity of insertion of IS91, an insertion sequence present in α-haemolysin plasmids of Escherichia coli (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have determined the DNA sequences of eight different insertions of IS91 in a specifically engineered recipient plasmid of known DNA sequence (pSU300). The sequences at the termini of IS91 are 5′ -CGAG-TAGG… CCTATCGAT. IS91 inserts specifically 5′ to either one of the tetranucleotides 5′-GAAC or 5′-CAAG, and always in the same relative orientation with respect to the sequence of the target. Except in one special case, no duplications of the recipient DNA were produced at the site of insertion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00247.x
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  • 96
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    Construction of chimaeric promoter regions by exchange of the upstream regulatory sequences from fdhF and nif genes (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Hybrid 5′ regulatory regions were constructed in which the upstream activator sequence (UAS) and promoter of various nif genes were exchanged with the upstream regulatory sequence (URS) of the fdhF gene from Escherichia coli. They were analysed for their regulatory response under different growth conditions with the aid of fdhF′-′lacZ or nif′-′lacZ fusions. Placement of the UAS from the Bradyrhizobium japonicum nifH gene in front of the spacer (DNA region between URS and promoter) plus promoter from fdhF renders fdhF expression activatable by the Klebsiella pneumoniae NIFA protein, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. This excludes the possibility that the spacer of the fdhF 5’flanking region contains a site recognized by a putative oxygen- or nitrate-responsive repressor. There was also considerable activation by NIFA of fdhF expression in a construct lacking the nifH UAS but containing the fdhF spacer plus promoter. Further experimental evidence suggests that this reflects a direct interaction between NIFA and RNA polymerase at the nfrA-dependent promoter. A second set of hybrid constructs in which the URS from fdhF (E. coli) was placed In front of the nifD spacer plus promoter from B. Japonicum or in front of the K. pneumoniae nifH, nifU, nifB spacers and promoters, delivered inactive constructs in the case of the nifD, nifU and nifB genes. However, a nifH′-′lacZ fusion preceded by its own spacer and promoter plus the foreign fdhF URS displayed all the regulatory characteristics of fdhF expression, i.e. anaerobic induction with formate and repression by oxygen and nitrate. Although it is not known why only one out of the four nif promoters could be activated by the fdhF URS, this result nevertheless demonstrates that the various regulatory stimuli affecting expression of fdhF in E. coli have their target at the upstream regulatory sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00218.x
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  • 97
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    The Rhizobium meliloti host range nodQ gene encodes a protein which shares homology with translation elongation and initiation factors. (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Rhizobium meliloti nod region lib is involved in host-range determination: (i)the presence of region lib is necessary for transfer of alfalfa root hair curling ability to Rhizobium legumlnosarum biovar trifolii; (ii) a mutation in region llb extends the R. meliloti infection host range to Vicia sativa nigra; (iii) dominance of R. meliloti nod genes over R. leguminosarum biovar viciae nod genes is abolished by mutations in region llb. The nucleotide sequence of this region has been determined. Genes corresponding to the two open reading frames identified are designated nodP and nodQ. The predicted amino acid sequence of the NodQ protein shows homology with translation initiation and elongation factors. The consensus sequence involved in the GTP-binding domain is conserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00223.x
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  • 98
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    The Escherichia coli enterobactin biosynthesis gene, entD: nucleotide sequence and membrane localization of its protein product (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli enterobactin biosynthesis gene entD has been determined. entD specifies a predicted 23579 Dalton protein containing several helical regions, a trans-membrane segment and one positively charged domain. The EntD polypeptide was overexpressed and identified in electrophoretic gels as a membrane protein. Although results of conventional membrane fractionation techniques were inconclusive, protease accessibility studies provided evidence that EntD domains are exposed on the inner leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane. The presence of repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences within the fepA-entD intercistronic region was confirmed. Lack of a canonical promoter and an iron control region 5’to entD, along with RNA hybridization data, suggest that an iron-regulated transcript contains both fepA and entD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00224.x
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  • 99
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    Expression and phase variation of gonococcal P.11 genes in Escherichia coli involves ribosomal frameshifting and slipped-strand mispairing (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Expression and phase variation of Neisseria gonorr-hoeae P.ll genes in Escherichia coli viere studied using TnphoA fusions. Fusions were created in the P.llc gene of N. gonorrhoeae JS3 using λTnphoA-1 and were characterized by restriction digestion and dideoxy sequencing. Three fusions were chosen for further study; Tnp7 (fusion junction at mature amino acid 7), Tnp57 (amino acid 57), Tnp66 (amino acid 66). All fusions were in frame with the P.llc coding sequence but were out of frame with the purported initiation codon. All fusion constructions were shown to phase vary in E. coli in an analogous fashion to that seen in N. gonorrhoeae, i.e. phase changes (in a recA background) at a frequency of c. 10−3 accompanied by an alteration at the DNA level of the number of coding repeats (CRs). In vitro mutagenesis of the fusion constructions indicated that expression of out of frame P.ll genes in E. coli was probably the result of ribosomal frameshifting within the run of ‘A’ residues immediately preceding the CR region and not due to low-level false initiation at codons other than the ATG initiation codon (as had previously been suggested). The mechanism for P.llc::phoA phase variation appears to be related to the ‘slipped-strand mispairing’ mechanism responsible for frameshift mutations in a number of other bacterial genes containing short, direct, tandem repeats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00226.x
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  • 100
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    Transcriptional regulation of F plasmid gene srnB: rifampicin-promoted in vitro readthrough of a terminator in the leader region (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: srnB is an F-plasmid encoded gene, otherwise silent, whose expression is induced by added rifampicin, leading to the release of cellular Mg2+ and degradation of stable RNA. In the absence of rifampicin, transcripts from the srnB gene were relatively short. S1 nuclease mapping revealed that the short mRNA species terminated within the leader, at the 3’end of a potential stem-and-loop structure. A deletion in the stem-loop resulted in constitutive synthesis of the mRNA that extended beyond the termination site into the structural gene. Even with the wild-type gene, transcription continued beyond the terminator sequence in the presence of added rifampicin. Most of the transcripts synthesized in the presence of rifampicin were long enough to encode the srnB protein. We hypothesize from these results that RNA polymerase associated with rifampicin can read through the terminator to induce srnB expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00227.x
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