ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Unbekannt

Slow Deformation and Transmission of Stress in the Earth (1989)

S. C. Cohen ; Vanicek, P., Eds.

AGU

In: Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN: 3-540-41598-X)

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Publikationsdatum: 1989

Schlagwort(e): Plate tectonics ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Stress ; Vanicek

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2

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Volcanic Hazards (1989)

Tilling, R. I., Ed.

AGU

In: Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 3, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN 1-903544-06-8)

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Publikationsdatum: 1989

Schlagwort(e): Textbook of geology ; Volcanology ; Earthquake hazard

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3

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Deep Structure and Past Kinematics of Accreted Terranes (1989)

Hillhouse, J. W., Ed.

AGU

In: Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 5, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 0-89871-521-0)

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Publikationsdatum: 1989

Schlagwort(e): Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Plate tectonics ; Geol. aspects ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust)

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4

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Mechanical models of tilted block basins (1989)

H. W. S. McQueen ; C. Beaumont ; Raymond A. Price

AGU

In: Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Origin and Evolution of Sedimentary Basins and Their Energy, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 65-71, (ISBN 0080419208)

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Publikationsdatum: 1989

Schlagwort(e): Geol. aspects ; Modelling ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; 8110 ; Tectonophysics ; Continental ; tectonics ; 8165 ; Structural ; geology ; (crustal ; structure ; and ; mechanics) ; 8194 ; Instruments ; and ; techniques

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BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE

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5

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Fundamental in Geostatistics in Five Lessons (1989)

A. G. Journel

AGU

In: Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 8, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN: 0-387-30752-4)

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Publikationsdatum: 1989

Schlagwort(e): Data analysis / ~ processing ; Statistical investigations

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BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE

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6

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Evolution of Mid Ocean Ridges (1989)

Sinton, J. M., Ed.

AGU

In: Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 8, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (3-540-24165-5, XXVI + 228 p.)

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Publikationsdatum: 1989

Schlagwort(e): Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Plate tectonics

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BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE

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7

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Shear-wave polarizations at the Anza seismic array (1989)

R. Aster ; P. Shearer ; J. Berger

AGU

In: AGU Spring Meeting, S22A-13, Baltimore, AGU, vol. 11, no. CUED/C/Mats/Tr 51, pp. 1414-1415

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Publikationsdatum: 1989

Schlagwort(e): Seismic networks ; Seismic arrays ; Filter- ; Polarization ; Shear waves

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8

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Recent advances on 3D elasticity problems related to fracture (1988)

E. S. Folias ; Y. Rajapakse

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Professional Paper, Analytical, Numerical, and Experimental Aspects of Three Dimensional Fracture Processes, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 48, no. 231, pp. 267-277, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)

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Publikationsdatum: 1988

Schlagwort(e): Three dimensional ; Fracture ; Review article

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9

Unbekannt

Elastic-plastic analysis of crack-tip fields under combined mode I and III loading conditions (1988)

J. Pan ; C. F. Shih ; Y. Rajapakse

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Bull., Open-File Rept., Analytical, Numerical, and Experimental Aspects of Three Dimensional Fracture Processes, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 255-265, (ISBN 0080419208)

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Publikationsdatum: 1988

Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; Inelastic ; tension ; antiplane ; shear

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10

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Crack tip integrals and domain integral representations for three-dimensional crack problems (1988)

C. F. Shih ; B. Moran ; T. Nakamura ; [weitere]

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Bull., Open-File Rept., Analytical, Numerical, and Experimental Aspects of Three Dimensional Fracture Processes, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 5, no. 16, pp. 125-139, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)

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Publikationsdatum: 1988

Schlagwort(e): Boundary Element Method ; Three dimensional ; Fracture

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11

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Use of three dimensional finite elements in linear elastic fracture mechanics (1988)

L. Banks-Sills ; Y. Rajapakse

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Analytical, Numerical, and Experimental Aspects of Three Dimensional Fracture Processes, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 89-97, (ISBN 0080419208)

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Publikationsdatum: 1988

Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; Finite Element Method

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12

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A modified boundary integral formulation for the study of 3-D crack problems in plates (1988)

F. G. Benitez ; A. J. Rosakis ; Y. Rajapakse

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Professional Paper, Analytical, Numerical, and Experimental Aspects of Three Dimensional Fracture Processes, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 99-112, (ISBN 0080419208)

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Publikationsdatum: 1988

Schlagwort(e): Boundary Element Method ; Three dimensional ; Fracture

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13

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Boundary element method for 3-D cracks in a plate (1988)

N. Fares ; V. C. Li ; Y. Rajapakse

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Professional Paper, Analytical, Numerical, and Experimental Aspects of Three Dimensional Fracture Processes, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 105, 223 pp., no. 231, pp. 113-124, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)

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Publikationsdatum: 1988

Schlagwort(e): Boundary Element Method ; Three dimensional ; Fracture

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14

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Elastic Properties and Equations of State (1988)

T. J. Shankland ; Bass, J. D., Eds.

AGU

In: Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (ISBN: 3-540-31080-0)

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Publikationsdatum: 1988

Schlagwort(e): Handbook of physics ; Handbook of mineralogy ; Physical properties of rocks ; Mineralogy

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BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE

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15

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Three dimensional effects of a crack penetrating a bimaterial interface (1988)

M. T. Hanson ; W. Lin ; L. M. Keer ; [weitere]

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Analytical, Numerical, and Experimental Aspects of Three Dimensional Fracture Processes, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 186, no. XVI:, pp. 279-287, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)

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Publikationsdatum: 1988

Schlagwort(e): Three dimensional ; Fracture ; Layers

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16

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A computational environment for the simulation of fracture processes in three dimensions (1988)

P. A. Wawrzynek ; L. F. Martha ; A. R. Ingraffea ; [weitere]

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Analytical, Numerical, and Experimental Aspects of Three Dimensional Fracture Processes, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 321-327, (ISBN 0080419208)

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Publikationsdatum: 1988

Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; Three dimensional ; software

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17

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Three dimensional finite element analysis of steady elastodynamic crack growth in a plate (1988)

R. H. Smith ; L. B. Freund ; Y. Rajapakse

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Bull., Open-File Rept., Analytical, Numerical, and Experimental Aspects of Three Dimensional Fracture Processes, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 98, no. 16, pp. 185-196, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)

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Publikationsdatum: 1988

Schlagwort(e): Finite Element Method ; Three dimensional ; Fracture

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18

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Formation of anisotropy in upper mantle peridotites - A review (1987)

A. Nicolas ; N. I. Christensen ; C. Froidevaux

AGU

In: Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Composition, Structure and Dynamics of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere System, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 16, no. Subvol. a, pp. 111-123, (ISBN 0080419208)

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Publikationsdatum: 1987

Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Anisotropy ; Physical properties of rocks

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19

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Reflection Seismology: A Global Perspective (1986)

M. Barazangi ; Brown, L., Eds.

AGU

In: Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 1, pp. 6322, (ISBN 0-521-79203-7)

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Publikationsdatum: 1986

Schlagwort(e): Textbook of geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !

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BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE

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20

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Reflection Seismology: The Continental Crust (1986)

M. Barazangi ; Brown, L., Eds.

AGU

In: Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 14, pp. 6322, (ISBN 0-521-79203-7)

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Publikationsdatum: 1986

Schlagwort(e): Textbook of geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Reflection seismics

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BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE

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21

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Earthquake repeat time and average stress drop (1986)

H. Kanamori ; C. R. Allen ; C.H. Scholz

AGU

In: Washington D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 3-342-00685-4)

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Publikationsdatum: 1986

Schlagwort(e): Stress ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Source parameters ; Stress drop

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BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE

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22

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Slip on an impermeable fault in a fluid-saturated rock mass (1986)

J. W. Rudnicki ; C.H. Scholz

AGU

In: Washington D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 81-89, (ISBN 0-444-50971-2)

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Publikationsdatum: 1986

Schlagwort(e): Rock mechanics ; Fluids ; Source

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BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE

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23

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Fracture of a single asperity on a finite fault: A model for weak earthquakes (1986)

S. Das ; B. V. Kostrov ; C.H. Scholz

AGU

In: Professional Paper, Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 91-96, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)

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Publikationsdatum: 1986

Schlagwort(e): Earthquake precursor: prediction research

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BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE

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24

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Small and large earthquakes: The effects of the thickness of the seismogenic layer and free surface (1986)

K. Shimazaki ; C.H. Scholz

AGU

In: Bull., Open-File Rept., Earthquake Source Mechanics, Maurice Ewing Ser., Washington D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 209-216, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)

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Publikationsdatum: 1986

Schlagwort(e): Seismicity ; Subduction zone ; scaling ; Magnitude ; seismic Moment ; nokms

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BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE

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25

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Rupture interaction with fault jogs (1986)

R. H. Sibson ; C.H. Scholz

AGU

In: Bull., Open-File Rept., Earthquake Source Mechanics, Maurice Ewing Ser., Washington D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 157-167, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)

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Publikationsdatum: 1986

Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; Fault zone ; Source

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26

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Earthquake Source Mechanics (1986)

S. Das ; J. Boatwright ; Scholz, C. H., Eds.

AGU

In: Washington, D.C., 341 pp., AGU, vol. 231, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN 0-470-02298-1)

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Publikationsdatum: 1986

Schlagwort(e): Earthquake precursor: prediction research

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BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE

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27

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On the elastic contact modeling of faults with variable stiffness (1986)

B. V. Kostrov ; S. Das ; C.H. Scholz

AGU

In: Washington D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. XVI:, pp. 65-70, (ISBN: 3486274473, 2. Auflage 2004, xxiv, 244 Seiten)

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Publikationsdatum: 1986

Schlagwort(e): Friction ; Fault zone ; Elasticity

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BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE

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28

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Rupture processes in the presence of creep zones (1986)

V. C. Li ; N. Fares ; C.H. Scholz

AGU

In: Washington D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. 22, pp. 71-80, (ISBN 0-87590-422-X)

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Publikationsdatum: 1986

Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; Inelastic ; Fault zone ; Source mechanics

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BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE

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29

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Low stress-drop earthquakes in the light of new data from the Anza, California telemetered digital array (1986)

J. N. Brune ; J. Fletcher ; F. Vernon ; [weitere]

AGU

In: Professional Paper, Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 237-245, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)

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Publikationsdatum: 1986

Schlagwort(e): Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Stress drop ; Seismic arrays ; Source parameters

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BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE

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30

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Long-range seismic refraction profiles in Europe (1986)

S. Müller ; J. Ansorge ; L. Brown

AGU

In: Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Reflection Seismology: A Global Perspective, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 13, no. Subvol. a, pp. 167-182, (ISBN 0080419208)

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Publikationsdatum: 1986

Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Refraction seismics ; Muller

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31

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The fractal geometry of faults and faulting (1986)

C. H. Scholz ; C. A. Aviles ; C.H. Scholz

AGU

In: Bull., Open-File Rept., Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington D. C., AGU, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 147-155, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)

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Publikationsdatum: 1986

Schlagwort(e): FractureT ; Fault zone ; Geol. aspects

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32

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A discussion of the depth extent of rupture in large continental earthquakes (1986)

J. Strehlau ; C.H. Scholz

AGU

In: Bull., Open-File Rept., Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 131-145, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)

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Publikationsdatum: 1986

Schlagwort(e): Earthquake ; Stress ; Geothermics ; CRUST ; Inelastic ; HGROSSER ; FROTH

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33

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Structural and volcanic expression of a fast slipping ridge-transform-ridge-plate boundary: Sea MARC I and photographic surveya at the Clipperton transform fault (1986)

Kastens, Kim A. ; Ryan, W. B. F. ; Fox, P. J.

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 91 (B3). pp. 3469-3488.

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-23

Beschreibung: A high-resolution near-bottom survey has been conducted of the Clipperton transform fault and adjoining segments of the East Pacific Rise (EPR), using the Sea MARC I side-looking sonar system and the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Olympus-based camera system. The transform fault zone (TFZ) is a narrow, well-defined belt of transform-parallel lineaments, which varies along strike from a single, sharp-edged notch to a complex band of subparallel lineaments up to 1 km wide. The TFZ is set within a 5-km-wide band of unusually fine-grained side scan texture, which could indicate nonbasaltic seafloor and/or pervasively sheared and mass-wasted basaltic crust The fine-grained swath is surrounded by constructional volcanic terrain with no hint of strike-slip motion; this observation puts an upper limit of 5 km on the extent of lateral migration of the TFZ in the last 1.5 m.y. Both ridge transform intersections (RTIs) are dominated by bathymetric highs located on the old plate opposite the spreading center. A mantling of fresh-looking constructional volcanic terrain on side scan images suggests that the highs are built in part by recent extrusive and intrusive volcanism; thermal expansion may also play a part. The EPR south of Clipperton has recently experienced extrusion of high effusion rate basalts, burial of faults and fissures by lava flows, and development of vigorous hydrothermal circulation. On the EPR north of Clipperton, the axial zone of faults and fissures tapers toward the transform fault; this may reflect a change in the shape or size of the underlying shallow level magma feeders as a function of distance from the site of magma upwelling or distance toward the transform fault.

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34

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A model of the seasonal cycle in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (1986)

Philander, S. G. H. ; Pacanowski, R. C.

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 91 (C12). pp. 14192-14206.

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-23

Beschreibung: In the western tropical Atlantic, seasonal variations in the surface winds and in the ocean are dominated by an annual harmonic. A simulation with a general circulation model indicates that the response in the western side of the basin is an equilibrium one practically in phase with the local winds. It includes the following: large vertical excursions of the thermocline that have a 180° change in phase across 8°N approximately; a change in the direction of the North Brazilian Coastal Current, which flows continuously along the coast between December and May but which veers offshore near 5°N to feed the North Equatorial Countercurrent during the other months; and a seasonal reversal of the countercurrent. To the east of 30°W, seasonal changes in the model have a prominent semiannual harmonic in phase with the local winds but only partially attributable to forcing at that frequency. The transients excited by the abrupt intensification of the southeast tradewinds in May happen to have a phase essentially the same as that of the semiannual forcing. These transients decay by the end of the calendar year, so that the seasonal cycle that starts with the intensification of the winds in May can be treated as an initial value problem as far as the upper ocean, above the thermocline, is concerned. The winds along the equator determine the response of the surface equatorial layer in the Gulf of Guinea but play a minor role in the seasonal upwelling along the coast near 5°N. That upwelling is strongly influenced by changes in both components of the wind, and in the curl of the wind, over the Gulf of Guinea.

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35

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Isotopic versus micrometeorologic ocean CO2 fluxes: A serious conflict (1986)

Broecker, W. S. ; Ledwell, J. R. ; Takahashi, T. ; [weitere]

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 91 (C9). pp. 10517-10527.

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-23

Beschreibung: Eddy correlation measurements over the ocean give CO2 fluxes an order of magnitude or more larger than expected from mass balance measurements using radiocarbon and radon 222. In particular, Smith and Jones (1985) reported large upward and downward fluxes in a surf zone at supersaturations of 15% and attributed them to the equilibration of bubbles at elevated pressures. They argue that even on the open ocean such bubble injection may create steady state CO2 supersaturations and that inferences of fluxes based on air-sea pCO2 differences and radon exchange velocities must be made with caution. We defend the global average CO2 exchange rate determined by three independent radioisotopic means: prebomb radiocarbon inventories; global surveys of mixed layer radon deficits; and oceanic uptake of bomb-produced radiocarbon. We argue that laboratory and lake data do not lead one to expect fluxes as large as reported from the eddy correlation technique; that the radon method of determining exchange velocities is indeed useful for estimating CO2 fluxes; that supersaturations of CO2 due to bubble injection on the open ocean are negligible; that the hypothesis that Smith and Jones advance cannot account for the fluxes that they report; and that the pCO2 values reported by Smith and Jones are likely to be systematically much too high. The CO2 fluxes for the ocean measured to date by the micrometeorological method can be reconciled with neither the observed concentrations of radioisotopes of radon and carbon in the oceans nor the tracer experiments carried out in lakes and in wind/wave tunnels.

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36

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Development of a large Boundary Element Method system for three-dimensional inelastic analysis (1985)

P. K. Banerjee ; R. B. Wilson ; N. Miller ; [weitere]

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Advanced Topics in Boundary Element Analysis, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 1-20, (ISBN 0080419208)

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Publikationsdatum: 1985

Schlagwort(e): Inelastic ; Rheology ; Elasticity

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37

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Boundary element treatment of three-dimensional elastic fracture mechanics problems (1985)

R. T. Fenner ; F. Nadiri ; H. Armen

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Professional Paper, Advanced Topics in Boundary Element Analysis, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 81A, no. 231, pp. 155-172, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)

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Publikationsdatum: 1985

Schlagwort(e): Boundary Element Method ; Three dimensional ; Fracture

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38

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A boundary integral equation method for time-harmonic radiation and scattering in an elastic half-space (1985)

F. J. Rizzo ; D. J. Shippy ; M. Rezayat ; [weitere]

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Bull., Open-File Rept., Advanced Topics in Boundary Element Analysis, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 10, no. 87-17, pp. 83-90, (ISBN 0080419208)

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Publikationsdatum: 1985

Schlagwort(e): Boundary Element Method ; Waves ; Scattering ; Modelling

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39

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Error control in three-dimensional crack modeling using the boundary element method (1985)

W. H. Gerstle ; A. R. Ingraffea ; H. Armen

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Professional Paper, Advanced Topics in Boundary Element Analysis, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 23, no. Subvol. b, pp. 205-211, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)

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Publikationsdatum: 1985

Schlagwort(e): Three dimensional ; Boundary Element Method ; Fracture

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40

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The solution of wave propagation problems using boundary elements (1985)

C. A. Brebbia ; H. Armen

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Professional Paper, Advanced Topics in Boundary Element Analysis, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 172, no. 16, pp. 91-111, (ISBN 0080419208)

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Publikationsdatum: 1985

Schlagwort(e): Boundary Element Method ; Waves ; Modelling

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41

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Nonhomogeneous potential and elasticity problems by combined boundary and finite elements (1985)

T. J. Rudolphi ; H. Armen

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Bull., Open-File Rept., Advanced Topics in Boundary Element Analysis, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 3, no. 16, pp. 113-131, (ISBN 0080419208)

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Publikationsdatum: 1985

Schlagwort(e): Inhomogeneity ; Boundary Element Method ; Finite Element Method ; Elasticity

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42

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On inelastic analysis algorithms for boundary elements (1985)

J. C. F. Telles ; H. Armen

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

In: Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Advanced Topics in Boundary Element Analysis, New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 35-44, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)

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Publikationsdatum: 1985

Schlagwort(e): Boundary Element Method ; Inelastic ; Rheology

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43

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Heat flow in southernmost California and the origin of the Salton Trough (1985)

Lachenbruch, Arthur H. ; Sass, J. H. ; Galanis, S. P.

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 90 (B8). p. 6709.

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-23

Beschreibung: Heat flow in the Imperial Valley and adjacent crystalline rocks is very high (∼140 mW m−2). Gravity and seismic studies suggest the crust is about 23.5 km thick with the lower half composed of gabbro and the upper fourth composed of low-density sediments. Conduction through such a crust resting directly on asthenosphere would give the observed heat flow if there were no extension or sedimentation. However, both processes must have been active, as the Imperial Valley is part of the Salton Trough, a pull-apart sedimentary basin that evolved over the past 4 or 5 m.y. To investigate the interrelations of these factors, we consider a one-dimensional model of basin formation in which the lower crustal gabbro and upper crustal sediments accumulated simultaneously as the crust extended and sedimentation kept pace with isostatic subsidence. For parameters appropriate for the Salton Trough, increasing the extension rate has little effect on surface heat flow because it increases effects of heating by intrusion and cooling by sedimentation in a compensating manner; it does, however, result in progressively increasing lower crustal temperatures. Analytical results suggest that the average extensional strain rate during formation of the trough was ∼20–50%/m.y. (∼1014 s−1); slower rates are inadequate to account for the present composition of the crust, and faster rates would probably cause massive crustal melting. To achieve the differential velocities of the Pacific plate at one end of the trough and North American plate at the other with this strain rate, extension must have, on the average, been distributed (or shifted about) over a spreading region ∼150 km wide. This is about 10 times wider than the present zone of active seismicity, suggesting that the seismic pattern is ephemeral on the time scale for the trough's formation. Narrow spreading zones are typical where sustained spreading is compensated by basaltic intrusion to form the thin oceanic crust, but where such spreading occurs in thicker continental crust, broader zones of distributed extension (with smaller strain rates) may be required for heat balance. The Salton Trough model suggests that distributed extension can be associated with substantial magmatic additions to the crust; their effect on crustal buoyancy has important implications for the relation between crustal extension and subsidence.

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The distribution of bomb radiocarbon in the ocean (1985)

Broecker, W. S. ; Peng, T.-H. ; Ostlund, G. ; [weitere]

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 90 (C4). pp. 6953-6970.

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-23

Beschreibung: Water column inventories are calculated for bomb radiocarbon at all the stations occupied during the GEOSECS and NORPAX expeditions and for the available TTO stations. The pattern of global inventories obtained in this way suggests that a sizable portion of the bomb radiocarbon that entered the Antarctic, the northern Pacific, and the tropical ocean has been transported to the adjacent temperate zones. A strategy for utilizing these inventory anomalies as constraints on global ocean circulation models is presented. Essential to this strategy are the improvement of our knowledge of the pattern of wind speed over the ocean, the establishment of the wind speed dependence of the rate of gas exchange between the atmosphere and sea, and the continued mapping of the distribution of bomb-produced radiocarbon in the sea.

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45

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Ventilation of the deep northeastern Atlantic (1985)

Broecker, W. S. ; Rooth, C. ; Peng, T.-H.

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 90 (C4). pp. 6940-6944.

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-23

Beschreibung: Comparison of the 1973 GEOSECS expedition results from the deep eastern basin of the North Atlantic with those for 1981 TTO expedition reveal no firm evidence for change in NO3, PO4, or a H4SiO4. concentration. While a 2–3 μmol/kg difference is seen for O2, it is more likely experimental than temporal in origin. The combined TTO-GEOSECS data sets reveal no evidence for ventilation of the bottom waters of the eastern basin by waters from the north.

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46

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The thermal conductivities of ocean sediments (1960)

Ratcliffe, E. H.

AGU

In: Journal of Geophysical Research, 65 (5). pp. 1535-1541.

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-23

Beschreibung: As a part of the measurement of heat flow through the ocean floor, the thermal conductivities of samples of sediment from the Pacific, Atlantic, and Mediterranean areas have been determined in the laboratory by a steady-state method. Average values over a wide range of water content are found to depend more on water content than on solid phase constituents, and conductivities can be read from a diagram if the amount of contained sea water or the wet density of the sediment is known. A graph is included, showing the conductivities of wet, granular materials other than ocean sediment.

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