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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (7,280)
  • 550 - Earth sciences
  • BIOSCIENCES
  • Humans
  • 1985-1989  (5,544)
  • 1970-1974  (5,565)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 27 (1988), S. 311-320 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Genome composition ; Coding sequences ; Isochores ; Humans ; Murids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The compositional distributions of coding sequences and DNA molecules (in the 50-100-kb range) are remarkably narrower in murids (rat and mouse) compared to humans (as well as to all other mammals explored so far). In murids, both distributions begin at higher and end at lower GC values. A comparison of homologous coding sequences from murids and humans revealed that their different compositional distributions are due to differences in GC levels in all three codon positions, particularly of genes located at both ends of the distribution. In turn, these differences are responsible for differences in both codon usage and amino acids. When GC levels at first+second codon positions and third codon positions, respectively, of murid genes are plotted against corresponding GC levels of homologous human genes, linear relationships (with very high correlation coefficients and slopes of about 0.78 and 0.60, respectively) are found. This indicates a conservation of the order of GC levels in homologous genes from humans and murids. (The same comparison for mouse and rat genes indicates a conservation of GC levels of homologous genes.) A similar linear relationship was observed when plotting GC levels of corresponding DNA fractions (as obtained by density gradient centrifugation in the presence of a sequence-specific ligand) from mouse and human. These findings indicate that orderly compositional changes affecting not only coding sequences but also noncoding sequences took place since the divergence of murids. Such directional fixations of mutations point to the existence of selective pressures affecting the genome as a whole.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skeletal muscles ; Ultrastructure ; Exercise ; Glycogen ; Humans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distribution of glycogen particles in semithin and ultrathin sections of biopsy samples from human muscles subjected to either short- or long-term running were investigated using PAS and Periodic Acid-ThioSemiCarbazide-Silver Proteinate (PA-TSC-SP) staining methods. Glycogen particles were predominantly found immediately under the sarcolemma or aligned along the myofibrillar Iband. After long-term exhaustive exercise type-1 fibers with a few or no glycogen particles in the core of the fibers were frequently observed. The subsarcolemmal glycogen stores of these “depleted” type-1 fibers were about three times as large as after exhaustive short-time exercise. Another indication of utilization of subsarcolemmal glycogen stores during anaerobic exercise was that many particles displayed a pale, rudimentary shape. This observation suggests fragmental metabolization of glycogen. Thus, depending on type of exercise and type of fiber differential and sequential glycogen utilization patterns can be observed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 104-111 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Properties of FluoromethyldialkylaminesFluoromethyldialkylamines (3a-f) are prepared from N,N-acetals (aminals) by cleavage with carboxylic acid fluorides or l-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. They are low-boiling liquids and are characterized by a covalent carbon-halogen bond. Their reactivity is similar to that of the analogous carbimonium chlorides, bromides and iodides.
    Notes: Fluormethyl-dialkyl-amine (3a-f) werden durch Spaltung von Aminalen mit Carbonsäurefluoriden oder l-Fluor-2.4-dinitro-benzol gewonnen. Sie sind niedrigsiedende, durch eine kovalente Kohlenstoff-Halogen-Bindung charakterisierte Flüssigkeiten und zeigen ähnliche Reaktionsfähigkeit wie die analogen Carbimoniumchloride, -bromide oder -jodide.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 133-146 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heterosubstituted Fulvenes, IV In the 5-Membered Ring Unsubstituted 6,6-DiaminofulvenesAlkylation of tetrasubstituted thioureas with methyl iodide leads to S-methyl isothiuronium iodides 3, which have been transformed to 6,6-diaminofulvenes 1 by condensation with cyclopentadienyl sodium. Some compounds of type 1 are also obtainable from the reaction between cyclopentadiene and chloroformamidinium chlorides 4 in the presence of triethylamine. I.r., u.v., and n.m.r. spectra of 1 and 3 are discussed.
    Notes: Tetrasubstituierte Thioharnstoffe lassen sich mit Methyljodid in die S-Methyl-isothiuroniumjodide 3 überführen, die ihrerseits mit Cyclopentadienylnatrium die 6.6-Diamino-fulvene 1 bilden. Einzelne Vertreter von 1 sind auch aus Cyclopentadien und Chlorformamidinium-chloriden 4 in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin zugänglich. Die IR-, UV- und NMR-Spektren von 1 und 3 werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 183-192 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: VinylsulfonylmethylidsThe preparation of dimethylsulfonio-(vinylsulfonylphenylsulfonylmethanide) (5), triphenyl-phosphonio-(vinylsulfonylphenylsulfonylmethanide) (6) and triphenylphosphonio-(vinyl-sulfonylbenzoylmethanide) (8) is described. The u. v. spectra of 5 and 6 are similar to the u.v. spectrum of the bis(phenylsulfonyl)methane anion (9). Because of the interaction of the SO2-groups with the ylide carbanions, the SO2-stretching frequencies compared to those of vinylsulfonylphenylsulfonylmethane (4) are shifted 20 -30/cm to lower wave numbers. This interaction causes a higher electron density in the vinyl groups of the ylids compared to 4, as shown by n. m. r. measurements. The mass spectra of 5, 6 and 8 are discussed.
    Notes: Die Synthese von Dimethylsulfonio-[vinylsulfonyl-phenylsulfonyl-methanid] (5), Triphenyl-phosphonio-[vinylsulfonyl-phenylsulfonyl-methanid] (6)undTriphenylphosphonio-[vinyl-sulfonyl-benzoyl-methanid] (8) wird beschrieben. Die Elektronenspektren von 5 und 6 sind mit dem UV-Spektrum des Bis-phenylsulfonyl-methan-Anions (9) vergleichbar. Durch Wechselwirkung der SO2Gruppen mit den Ylidcarbanionen werden die SO2-Valenzschwingungsfrequenzen im Vergleich zu Vinylsulfonyl-phenylsulfonyl-methan (4) um 20 - 30/cm zu kleineren Wellenzahlen verschoben. Diese Wechselwirkung bedingt eine höhere Elektronendichte in den Vinylgruppen der Ylide als bei 4, was NMR-spektroskopisch nachweisbar ist. Die Massenspektren von 5, 6 und 8 werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 173-182 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Cyclopentadienones with Aliphatic Diazo Compounds, 6 Experiments with „Indanocyclone“„Indanocyclone“ 3, prepared from ninhydrin (1) and dibenzylketone (2), reacts with an ethereal diazomethane solution to form an 1 :1-adduct 4a and two isomeric 1 : 2-adducts, presumably 12 and 13. Elimination of N2 from 4a leads to the formation of the cyclopropane 7, the fluorenone 6 and, by way of phenyl migration, the new cyclone 8a; elimination of N2 from 12 and 13 leads to undefined products. 5 is converted via its hydrazone into the diazo compound 10. Ring enlargement of 6 with diazomethane produces the phenanthrene 9.Reaction of diazoethane with 3 gives the instable 1 :1-adduct 4b, which yields the new cyclone 8b by N2-elimination and phenyl migration. 8b also forms an 1 :1-adduct (11?). Phenyl diazomethane adds to 3 giving a rather stable 1 :1-adduct 14, the isomeric 16 and the epoxide 15. Elimination of N2 from 14 yields the fluorenone derivative 17, which upon treatment with excess diazomethane undergoes ring enlargement to form the phenanthrene derivative 18.
    Notes: Das aus Ninhydrin(l)und Dibenzylketon(2) erhältliche, Indanocyclon‘ 3 gibt mit ätherischer Diazomethanlösung ein 1 :1-Addukt 4a und zwei isomere 1 : 2-Addukte, vermutlich 12 und 13. 4a zerfällt unter N2-Abspaltung zum Cyclopropanderivat 7, zum Fluorenonderivat 6 und unter Phenylwanderung zum neuen Cyclon 8a; 12 und 13 geben bei der N2-Abspaltung keine definierten Produkte. Aus 5 wird über sein Hydrazon die Diazoverbindung 10 und mit Diazomethan unter Ringerweiterung das Phenanthrenderivat 9 erhalten.Mit Diazoäthan entsteht aus 3 das instabile I :1-Addukt 4b, das bei der N2-Abspaltung unter Phenylwanderung das Cyclon 8b bildet; dieses gibt erneut ein Diazoathan-Addukt (11?).Mit Phenyldiazomethan liefert 3 ein ziemlich stabiles 1 :1-Addukt 14 und sein Isomeres 16 sowie das Epoxid 15. Bei der N2-Abspaltung entsteht aus 14 das Fluorenonderivat 17, das mit Diazomethan zum Phenanthrenderivat 18 ringerweitert wird.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 222-235 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Orthoamides, X: Reaction of Vinylogous Amide Acetals, Aminalesters and Amide AminalsDerivates of vinylogous orthoformic acid amides react with Grignard compounds to give l,3-bis(dimethylamino)-l-alkenes (4-7), with methylene active compounds to give derivates of N.N-disubstituted 4-amino-l,3-butadienes (17  - 29) and with primary aromatic amines to form vinylogous, N,N,N′-trisubstituted amidines (31-36, 38-40).
    Notes: Vinyloge Orthoameisensäureamid-Derivate geben mit Grignard-Verbindungen 1.3-Bis - dimethylamino-alkene-(l) (4-7), mit methylenaktiven Verbindungen N.N-disubstituierte 4 - Amino-butadien-(l.3)-Derivate (17-29) und mit primären aromatischen Aminen vinyloge N.N.N′-trisubstituierte Amidine (31-36, 38-40).
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 17-22 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Pyrimidines, VIII Synthesis and Properties of Uracil-4-carbaldehyde Hydrazone. The First Inner Orbital Complex of a Pyrimidine with CopperUracil-4-carbaldehyde (1) reacts with stoechiometric amounts of hydrazine to yield the azine 2. Under mild conditions (30 per cent hydrazine, room temperature) the azine is cleaved to uracil-4-carbaldehyde hydrazone (3). This cleavage by hydrazine is typical for the azomethine group in position 4 of the uracil ring. In aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic solution 3 reacts readily with aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes to form mixed azines in good yield. With copper(II)-acetate 3 yields in aqueous solution a new type of symmetrical inner orbital complex in which the ratio of pyrimidine to copper is 2 :1. The crystalline and insoluble paramagnetic complex 13 presumably has a planar structure. Substitution of the amino group, even with a methyl group, prevents complex formation. 13 is decomposed by mineral acids to the respective copper salt and azine 2. In analogy to 1 2-thiouracil-4-carb-aldehyde forms the corresponding hydrazone 12.
    Notes: Uracil-carbaldehyd-(4) (1) liefert mit stöchiometrischer Menge Hydrazin das symmetrische Azin 2, welches unter milden Bedingungen (30proz. Hydrazin, Raumtemperatur) zum Uracil-carbaldehyd-(4)-hydrazon (3) gespalten wird. Die schonende Hydrazinolyse ist spezifisch für die Azomethingruppe in 4-Stellung des Uracilrings. 3 liefert in wäßriger bzw. Wäßrig-alkoholischer Lösung mit aliphatischen, aromatischen und heterocyclischen Aldehyden in guter Ausbeute gemischte Azine. Mit Kupfer(II)-acetat bildet 3 einen neuartigen symmetrischen Innerkomplex der Art Pyrimidin : Kupfer = 2:1. Analog zu Uracil-carb-aldehyd-(4) (1) erhält man aus 2-Thio-uracil-carbaldehyd-(4) mit Hydrazin das entsprechende Hydrazon 12.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 46-49 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of l,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydro-4a,9-propanocarbazolium HydrobromideThe crystal structure of the title compound has been determined by X-ray structure analysis. From these results a twist angle of 64.5° of the orbital of the nitrogen is derived.
    Notes: Auf röntgenographischem Weg wurde die Kristallstruktur der Titel-Verbindung bestimmt. Aus den so erhaltenen Ergebnissen resultiert ein Verdrillungswinkel des Orbitals am Stickstoff von ϕpH = 64.5°.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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