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  • Electron microscopy  (474)
  • Rat  (409)
  • Springer  (847)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1985-1989  (369)
  • 1970-1974  (478)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (847)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (49)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of brain tumours in rats using laser-induced fluorescence and haematoporphyrin derivative (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Brain tumour ; Rat ; Detection ; Fluorescence ; Laser ; Haematoporphyrin derivative
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence has been used for the identification of brain tumours in rats, which have been previously given tumour-seeking haematoporphyrin derivative. A pulsed nitrogen laser (λ=337 nm) was used in conjunction with an optical multichannel analyzer. For both inoculated RG-2 and TCVC rat-brain-tumour models, the blue autofluorescence was strongly reduced in the tumour compared with normal brain tissue, and at the same time the characteristic red-drug signal increased. The contrast between tumour and normal tissue was strongly enhanced by forming the ratio between the two signals. Implications for possible improvement of tumour delineation in brain tumour surgery are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032454
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the morphology of oriented nylon-12 (1985)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 116-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; staining ; morphology ; nylon-12 ; orientation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of drawn and annealed sheets of nylon-12 was investigated by transmission electron microscopy of stained sections, and the results compared with equivalent small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns. A three-component structure was observed, consisting of crystalline (C) and amorphous (A) regions in the microfibrils and an interfibrillar component whose density was deduced to be intermediate between that of the C and A regions. The crystallite width was given satisfactorily by a Guinier analysis of the SAXS profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01412785
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of hydrochlorothiazide on the pain threshold and on the antinociceptive activity of morphine, in rats (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 265-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rat ; hydrochlorothiazide ; pain threshold ; antinociceptive activity ; analgesic activity ; morphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hydrochlorothiazide, acutely injected in rats, has a weak analgesic activity per se and potentiates and prolongs the antinociceptive effect of morphine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02002628
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate of normal longitudinal bone growth in the rat (1972)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 238-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Growth ; Bone ; Rat ; Tetracycline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La vitesse de croissance normale en longueur de la métaphyse proximale du tibia est déterminée chez le rat Sprague-Dawley entre les âges de 20 et 100 jours, en utilisant la méthode à la tétracycline. Le taux de croissance ne varie que légèrement dans les groupes d'âges différents. Il est plus élevé chez les animaux jeunes et décroit considérablement en fonction de l'augmentation de l'âge. Les rats mâles présentent une croissance plus élevée que les femelles. Cette étude a pour but de mettre au point une méthode permettant de déterminer les facteurs expérimentaux, liés à la croissance en longueur du rat.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die normale Längenwachstums-Geschwindigkeit der proximalen Wachstumsplatte der Tibia wurde bei Sprague-Dawley-Ratten in einem Alter zwischen 20 und 100 Tagen mittels der Tetracyclinmethode gemessen. Die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit variierte nur wenig innerhalb der einzelnen Altersgruppen. Die Geschwindigkeit war bei jungen Tieren am höchsten und nahm mit zunehmendem Alter beträchtlich ab. Männliche Ratten wuchsen schneller als weibliche. Diese Arbeit dient als Grundlage, um die experimentelle Beeinflussung des Längenwachstums der Ratte abschätzen zu können.
    Notes: Abstract The rate of normal growth in length from the proximal growth plate of the tibia in the Sprague-Dawley rat was measured between 20 and 100 days of age using the tetracycline method. The growth rate varied only slightly within different age groups. The rate was highest in young animals and decreased considerably with increasing age. Male rats grew faster than female. This study is intended to provide a base for an evaluation of experimental influence on the growth in length of the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012553
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological homologies between yeast ribosomal protein L2 and rat liver ribosomal proteins L4 and L24 (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 13 (1988), S. 235-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Ribosomal protein ; Immunological homology ; Yeast ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Polyclonal antibodies raised against ribosomal protein (r-protein) L2 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were used to check for cross-reaktions with total r-proteins of rat liver. Using this procedure, the rat liver r-proteins, L4 and L24, were identified as being immunologically related to yeast L2. In addtional, homologies between rat liver L4 and L24 were detected. The possible implications for the regulation of r-protein synthesis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387769
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin and direction of replication in mitochondrial plasmid DNAs of broad bean,Vicia faba (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 14 (1988), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Plant mtDNA ; Electron microscopy ; Restriction enzymes ; Hairpin structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Broad bean (Vicia faba) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) includes three circular plasmids: mt-plasmid 1 (1,704 ntp), mt-plasmid 2 (1,695 ntp) and mt-plasmid 3 (1,476 ntp). Partially replicated circular forms of these mt-plasmids have been observed in electron microscope preparations. Restriction enzymes that cleave either mt-plasmid 2 (but not mt-plasmids 1 and 3) or mt-plasmid 3 (but not mt-plasmids 1 and 2) were used to generate linear forms of partially replicated mt-plasmid 2 and mt-plasmid 3 molecules. Analyses of these linearized replicative intermediates, observed by electron microscopy, indicated that in both mt-plasmid 2 and mt-plasmid 3 replication originates at a specific location and proceeds in the same, single direction around the molecules. The replication origins of mt-plasmid 2 and mt-plasmid 3 map close to sequences that can fold into hairpin structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00569340
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity of circular mitochondrial DNA molecules from sugar beet with normal and male sterile cytoplasms (1986)
    Springer
    Current genetics 10 (1986), S. 695-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Sugar beet ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mitochondrial (mt) DNAs from normal (N) and male sterile (S) cytoplasms of sugar been have been isolated and investigated by electron microscopy. The results showed that mtDNA was composed of a heterogeneous population of circular molecules. Their contour lengths varied from 0.28 to 51 μm, but unlike in the case of maize, a large difference was not observed in the distribution of molecular classes greater than 1.0 μm between N and S cytoplasms of sugar beet. On the other hand, N and S cytoplasms were shown to contain their own characteristic combinations of small circular mtDNA species with lengths between 0.28 μm and 0.6 μm. Mitochondrial DNAs from various sources of male-sterile cytoplasms were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis to determine the extent of cytoplasmic variation. Additional low molecular weight DNA bands appeared in all male-sterile lines examined, and as a result, three distinctive banding patterns were recognized. These data are in general agreement with those based upon restriction endonuclease digestion of mt and chloroplast DNAs and the genetic analysis of fertility restoration in test crosses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410918
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristic views of prokaryotic 50S ribosomal subunits (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 26 (1987), S. 347-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Ribosome structure ; Electron microscopy ; Image analysis ; Evolutionary lineages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Multivariate statistical analysis and classification techniques are powerful tools in sorting noisy electron micrographs of single particles according to their principal features, enabling one to form average images with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and a better reproducible resolution. We apply this methodology here to determining the characteristic views of the large (50S) ribosomal subunits from the eubacteriumEscherichia coli and the archaebacteriaMethanococcus vannielii, Sulfolobus solfataricus, andHalobacterium marismortui. Average images were obtained of the subunit in the common crown and kidney projections, but views of the particle in orientations intermediate between these two extremes were also elucidated for all species. These averages show reproducible detail of up to 2.0 nm resolution, thus enabling the visualization and interspecies comparison of many structural features as a first step toward comparing the actual three-dimensional structures. Our results disprove evolutionary lineages recently postulated on the basis of electron microscopical images of ribosomal subunits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02101154
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra- and interspecies analyses of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family reveal independent evolution in primates and rodents (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 29 (1989), S. 126-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Carcinoembryonic antigen ; Evolution ; Gene family ; Human ; Rat ; Synonymous substitutions ; Silent molecular clock ; Evolutionary trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Various rodent and primate DNAs exhibit a stronger intra- than interspecies cross-hybridization with probes derived from the N-terminal domain exons of human and rat carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-like genes. Southern analyses also reveal that the human and rat CEA gene families are of similar complexity. We counted at least 10 different genes per human haploid genome. In the rat, approximately seven to nine different N-terminal domain exons that presumably represent different genes appear to be present. We were able to assign the corresponding genomic restriction endonuclease fragments to already isolated CEA gene family members of both human and rat. Highly similar subgroups, as found within the human CEA gene family, seem to be absent from the rat genome. Hybridization with an intron probe from the human nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) gene and analysis of DNA sequence data indicate the conservation of noncoding regions among CEA-like genes within primates, implicating that whole gene units may have been duplicated. With the help of a computer program and by calculating the rate of synonymous substitutions, evolutionary trees have been derived. From this, we propose that an independent parallel evolution, leading to different CEA gene families, must have taken place in, at least, the primate and rodent orders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02100111
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Qualitative and quantitative variability in different classes of proteins: Comparison of mouse and rat (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 24 (1987), S. 260-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Mouse ; Rat ; Two-dimensional electrophoresis ; Quantitative variability of proteins ; Qualitative variability of proteins ; Protein classes ; Membrane proteins ; Organ-specific proteins ; Regulatory genes ; Speciation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Proteins of membranes and cytosols were extracted from the livers and brains of mice (inbred strain DBA/6J) and rats (inbred strain DA/Han) and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). The 2-DE patterns were compared with regard to qualitative (spot position) and quantitative (spot intensity) characteristics of the proteins of these two species. The following results were obtained: (1) Brain had more (higher percentage) conservative proteins (proteins found in both mice and rats) than liver; (2) plasma membranes had more conservative proteins than the cytosols; (3) organ-unspecific proteins contained more conservative proteins than relatively organ-specific proteins; (4) the pattern of distribution of genetic variability among different classes of proteins represented by findings 1–3 was the same for the qualitative and quantative characteristics of the proteins; and (5) some observations indicated that quantitative variability occurred more frequently among proteins than did qualitative variability. Our conclusion is that regulatory sequences in the DNA (regulatory genes) are subjected to functional constraints that differ in strength among different classes of proteins by the same ratios as the constraints acting on the structural genes. The overall effect of the selective pressure is, however, less stringent for regulatory genes than for structural genes. The results obtained here by comparing two different species are very similar to previous results we obtained by studying different subspecies (inbred strains of the mouse). From this finding arises a new concept: the study of molecular evolution on the basis of different classes of proteins. Our results were compared with data from the literature that were obtained in part from studies on cultured cells. The comparison suggested that cultured cells have lost their tissue-specific proteins, and so generate predominantly extremely conservative proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02111239
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