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  • 42.55
  • seaweed
  • Springer  (345)
  • 1985-1989  (128)
  • 1980-1984  (217)
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Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photophysical properties and laser performance of photostable UV laser dyes (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 45 (1988), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 33 ; 42.55 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The photophysical properties such as singlet absorption and fluorescence spectra, the fluorescence quantum yield and fluorescence decay time as well as the laser performance data such as the tuning range, the conversion efficiency, and the photochemical stability of 12 sterically hinderedp-quaterphenyls have been measured in ethanol and/or dioxane at room temperature. The sterically hinderedp-quaterphenyls exhibit shorter laser dye emissions in the 330–380 nm range than the parent compoundp-quaterphenyl. The conversion efficiencies of the sterically hinderedp-quaterphenyls range between 1 and 21%. The photochemical stability of the sterically hinderedp-quaterphenyls is by a factor of 10 to 20 better in dioxane than in ethanol. 2-Methyl-5-tert. butyl-p-quaterphenyl and 2,5,2‴,5‴-tetramethyl-p-quaterphenyl are among the most stable UV laser dyes known today.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687157
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Group theory and experiments on helical and linear distributed feedback gas lasers (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 115-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 02.20 ; 42.55 ; 42.60D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This study puts forward the concept of helical distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. The basic features of this new type of laser are derived by group theoretical considerations on cylindrical, circular linear periodic, and helical waveguide and laser structures. It is demonstrated that not only linear periodic structures but also helical structures show Bragg and DFB effects. Microwave and far-infrared experiments on passive helical metal waveguides reveal Bragg resonances in transmission. These results initiated the first experimental realization of a helical DFB gas laser, i.e. an optically pumped 496μm CH3F laser with a helical metal waveguide of a pitch close to 250μm. This helical DFB laser shows higher-mode selectivity than the corresponding linear DFB laser. Finally, we show that the concept of helical DFB also applies to dye lasers with internal DFB incorporated by a mixture of the dye with a cholesteric liquid crystal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688518
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Submillimetre laser lines from CH3OH pumped by a13C18O2 pump laser: Observations and assignments (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-four new optically pumped submillimetre laser lines have been observed when CH3OH is excited using a13C18O2 pump laser. Four of these lines have been assigned to transitions involving the CO stretching band. In addition to these lines, a further six new lines have been observed when pumping with12C18O2 and13C16O2 lasers. One of these lines has been assigned to a transition involving the CO stretching band. The observation of infrared-infrared double resonance signals in CH3OH has allowed the prediction of a further six laser lines which should be excited using a13C18O2 pump laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697459
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherent effects in inverse compton scattering in the high frequency region (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 41
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The conditions under which a cooperative emission from different friges occurs in the scattering between a relativistic electron beam and two interfering laser beams are discussed. In particular, the conditions to have an electron grating are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697638
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A continuously tunable GaAs diode laser with an external resonator (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 29-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60B
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Design and characteristics of an “external cavity single mode GaAs diode laser” are described which allow continuous wavelength tuning over 50 GHz without mode hops. Tuning is achieved by synchronous tilting of both a thin solid etalon and a Brewster plate inside the laser resonator. Stabilizing the laser frequency to an external Fabry-Perot interferometer yields a frequency stability of ≦1 MHz at output powers up to 20 m W.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332122
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bistability and passive Q-switching of a CO2 laser with saturable absorber (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The coexistence of bistability and repetitive passive Q-switching of a CO2 laser with a gaseous saturable absorber has been investigated experimentally. With CH3F as the saturable absorber bistability has been observed simultaneously with passive Q-switching, whereas with CH3OH either one of these phenomena can only exist, as demonstrated for the first time. The measured features of both systems can be explained qualitatively by rate-equation theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697426
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optically pumped submillimetre laser action in formaldoxime and ammonia (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 127-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Strong submillimetre laser action has been obtained on five lines of a new laser gas, formaldoxime. Several new emission lines have also been produced by isotopic CO2 laser pumping of14NH3 and15NH3. One of these lines at 102.9 μm is a rotation-inversion transition in the 2v 2 state, and is the first example of cw laser action in such a highly excited state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697700
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wideband tuning of the blue-green XeF (C→A) laser (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Efficient wavelength tuning from 446 to 524 nm with a minimum spectral linewidth of 1 nm was demonstrated for an electron beam pumped XeF(C→A) laser. Energy densities of 0.1 J/l were obtained for an optimized Ar/Kr/Xe/F2/NF3 mixture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692942
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New submillimetre laser lines from CH3OD and CD3OD (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 209-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Thirteen new submillimetre emission lines have been observed when pumping CH3OD using isotopic CO2 lasers, and fourteen when pumping CD3OD. Three isotopic CO2 lasers were used12C16O2,12C18O2, and13C16O2. The new lines were observed in a Fabry-Perot resonator. The wavelength ranges observed were from 55 to 320 μm for CH3OD and from 66 to 531 μm for CD3OD. The polarisation of the submillimetre laser lines relative to the CO2 pump line has also been determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692943
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stepwise photoionization of complex organic molecules in the gas phase induced by UV laser radiation (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 82.50 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We measured the photoionization cross-sections of anthracene, 1,2-benzanthracene,p-terphenyl, and 2,5-diphenylfuran molecules excited to the singlet and triplet electronic states intermediate in the stepwise two-photon ionization process at 266 nm (all compounds) and at 355, 391 and 417 nm (anthracene).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697297
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple single-frequency He-Ne laser (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 40 (1986), S. 153-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract For a (0.5–0.6)m long He−Ne laser tube, single longitudinal mode 632.8 nm generation is obtained, using a higher gas-mixture pressure and application of an axial magnetic field. An efficient and very simple mode selection is obtained by gas-mixture pressure increase only. A multimode power to single-mode power conversion coefficientk=0.75 is obtained by increasing the tube pressure. A further increase tok=0.85 is possible with optimum magnetic field and gas pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697245
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulated radiation via several hybrid resonance processes in Na-K or K vapor (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the observation and analysis of several different opticalpumping and energy-transfer processes for generating stimulated radiation, including equal or unequal frequency two-step Na2−K and K2−K hybrid resonance. A series of infrared stimulated and cascade stimulated lines by the transitions in atomic potassium were detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702664
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of laser-output noise of cataphoretic HeSe+ lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 373-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.80 ; 52
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigated noise and fluctuations of the output power of cataphoretic HeSe+ lasers in positive column plasma. Direct coupling of laser output power noise and fluctuations of the local population inversion was found. An investigation of the positive column plasma showed moving striations being responsible for the gain fluctuations. Whereas the local plasma properties are dominated by high frequency striations in the 100 kHz range, integrated quantities such as laser gain per pass are most strongly influenced by low-frequency waves with a continuous noise spectrum below 200 kHz. External modulation of the discharge voltage or current at a frequency near thehf striations reduces laser noise and increases laser output power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686369
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lifetime, photostability, and chemical structure of IR heptamethine cyanine dyes absorbing beyond 1 μm (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 15-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical absorption,S 1 lifetime, and photostability are investigated for a series of heptamethine ir dyes and related to chemical structure. The high photostability of several dyes and the large range ofS 1 lifetimes make these dyes very interesting for ir dye lasers and for ir mode-locked laser systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694363
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strong far-infrared laser action in carbonyl fluoride and vinyl fluoride (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 13-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Intense far-infrared laser action is reported for carbonyl fluoride and vinyl fluoride. Eleven new lines with wavelengths between 339 μm≦λ≦538 μm were obtained by optically pumping carbonyl fluoride with numerous lines of the 10.4 μm band of a cw CO2 laser. Twenty-three lines with wavelengths in the range 172 μm≦λ≦783 μm were detected when pumping the recently discovered efficient FIR laser molecule vinyl fluoride. In addition, three very weak new lines were found using 1.1-difluoroethylen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694362
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal analysis of a mode-locked Nd-glass laser by four-wave mixing (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 263-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The duration, shape, and background intensity level of pulses of a passively modelocked Nd-glass laser are determined by noncollinear phase-matched four-photon frequency mixing of time-separated fundamental and second-harmonic pulses in a KI crystal. The pulse shape is found to be slightly asymmetric with slower trailing than rising parts. The background intensity level before and behind the main pulse is about 5¢10−6 the peak pulse intensity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689185
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New FIR laser lines from optically pumped DCOF (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Twenty FIR laser lines with wavelengths between 146 and 2000 μm have been observed from deuterated formyl fluoride (DCOF) optically pumped with isotopic CO2 lasers. Tunable diode laser measurements on thev 4 band of DCOF were combined with earlier high precision spectroscopic data on thev 3 andv 4 bands, and enabled identification of the transitions responsible for 9 of the new FIR lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692650
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of synchronously pumped dye lasers (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of cw synchronously pumped dye lasers is presented. Under the assumption that the cavity (tuning element) bandwidth is much wider than the bandwidth of the transform limited pulses generated, the pulse forming dynamics is rigorously treated. It is shown that for a finite mismatch between the lengths of the dye and the pump lasers, a steady-state pulse develops in the dye laser cavity with a conserved pulseshape. The characteristics (energy, shape, peak power, duration) of these pulses of ultimate width are quantitatively determined as a function of cavity mismatch. An analytical solution for the pulse envelope is determined, which yieldsI(t)∝Sech2(t/t p ) to a good approximation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695468
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of added nitrogen on multiphoton absorption by ammonia (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 75-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 34 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Multiphoton absorption (MPA) of the CO2 laser 9 μmR(30) line (pulse width 60 ns, FWHM) by NH3 and NH3/N2 mixtures was studied as a function of gas composition, pressure and laser fluence (Φ). MPA occurs for Φ smaller than those that have been used for optically pumped NH3/N2 lasers; consequently a simple two-level absorption model will not adequately describe laser action in these systems. The photon energy deposited in NH3/N2 mixtures can be calculated from the MPA cross-section and the fluence dependence of the illumination geometry. An examination of the efficiency of conversion of this absorbed energy to the reported radiant energy of optically pumped NH3/N2 lasers shows an optimum value which depends on pressure, and gas composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688546
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Power enhancement of the cw 12.08 μm NH3 Raman laser with the addition of H2/He buffer gases (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of H2, He, and N2 buffer gases on the efficiency of the cw 12.08 μm NH3 Raman laser are studied experimentally. The laser output power is increased by nearly 60% with the addition of H2 or He, which we essentially attribute to the high thermal conductivity of these buffer gases. In the optimum conditions (NH3/H2:1/1 mixture with 0.35 Torr partial pressure of NH3) 3.3 W output power at 12.08 μm is obtained which corresponds to 11% power conversion efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688814
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cw uv copper hollow cathode laser in the 260 nm region (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 127-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A cw uv copper hollow cathode laser is described, which could be operated for a longer time duration with an output power of 7 mW in the 260 nm region. A double-cathode configuration with a protection for the mirrors from metal-vapour deposition is presented. Characteristics of the laser output power, the spontaneous emission, and the ion densities in the negative glow were measured as depending on the discharge current, the neon gas pressure, and the size of the cathode slit. The observed saturation of the laser output power at high discharge current (1 A/cm2) and the optimum slot size are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688818
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CW and pulsed FIR-CO2 hybrid laser with improved efficiency and amplitude stability at short FIR wavelengths (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract For the first time stable cw output of a FIR-CO2 hybrid laser has been achieved at wavelengths shorter than 300 μm. Due to the saturable absorber characteristic of the FIR laser gas, cw or pulsed emission is observed on both, the CO2 and the FIR laser output, depending on the operating conditions. Results are reported on different resonant lines in CH3OH and the 67 μm Raman line in NH3. The good efficiency of this laser is also demonstrated by the excitation of two new emission lines in CH3OH, namely 49 and 56 μm, pumped by 9R(22) and 9R(24), respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690022
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of triplet quenchers on vapor-phase dye-laser performance (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33.50 ; 34.50 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An XeF pumped vapor phase POPOP dye laser with a pulse duration of 300 ns was obtained when trans-stilbene was used as triplet quencher. An energy conversion efficiency of 7,5% with a peak power efficiency of 12% was measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697952
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New cw fir laser emissions from CO2 laser-pumped vinyl bromide (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 175-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract 47 new cw far-infrared laser lines with wavelenths between 453 and 2356 μm have been obtained by optically pumping vinyl bromide (C2H3Br) by a CO2 laser. A significant portion of these lines has wavelengths longer than 750 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697631
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-signal gain of Free Electron Laser in a resonator Gaussian mode (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present an analytical expression for the small-signal gain of a Free Electron Laser (FEL) in the presence of a Gaussian mode. To describe the electron beam evolution we use the one-dimensional (1-d) Vlasov equation. Our perturbation result, valid for small values of the parameterq (length of the undulatorL divided by the Rayleigh rangeZ R), can be extrapolated to values ofq≈4÷5.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697707
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the opto-voltaic measurements in CO and CO2 lasers (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 36 (1985), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We observed and compared the opto-voltaic signals in CO and CO2 lasers. The signals are obtained capacitively from the water cooling jacket as a low voltage source not influencing the current circuit. We observed from measurement that the output power and the so-called optovoltaic input power have a distinct relationship depending on laser current and cavity parameters. It will be shown that opto-voltaic detection is a very sensitive method especially for CO lasers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691780
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synchronously pumped double mode-locking of a rhodamine 6G-Cresyl violet mixture (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 7-9 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Rhodamine 6G-Cresyl violet dye mixtures are synchronously pumped to obtain double mode-locking. Subpicosecond pulses are obtained at two wavelengths in an experimental setup that is easy to implement into existing conventional synchronously pumped systems. In addition, the excitation mechanisms of the secondary dye are discussed and evidence for resonant energy transfer is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691686
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An oscillator-amplifier distributed feedback dye laser system, pumped by a single TEA N2 laser (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we describe a simple and inexpensive Distributed Feedback Dye Laser (DFDL) system for picosecond pulse generation. This system consists of an oscillator-amplifier DFDL, either in the grating or in the prism configuration: both stages are pumped by a single TEA nitrogen laser with improved beam quality. Single pulses having duration of 26 ps are obtained at a frequency up to 100Hz; the overall pulse-to-pulse stability is, at the maximum frequency, of about 25%. This system is particularly well-suited for time-resolved fluorescence microscopy studies where short tunable laser pulses of low energy are required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691690
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhomogeneous broadening effects in Optical Klystrons operating with accelerating devices without radiative damping (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this letter paper we analyse the effect of electron-beam qualities (namely, energy spread and emittances) on both spontaneous emission and gain of an Optical Klystron (OK). We use the relationship between average current and normalized emittances, typical of the accelerating machines without radiative damping, to evaluate the optimum operating parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692947
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Power optimization of a Tl photodissociation laser (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 38 (1985), S. 165-169 
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    Keywords: 34 ; 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract Conditions for the operation of a Tl photodissociation laser, in view of power optimization, have been determined. A crucial parameter is found to be quenching of the upper laser level. A value for the quenching cross-section of the 72 S 1/2 Tl state by the TlI molecules of 2×10−14 cm2 has been measured.
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    Photoquenching parameters for commonly used laser dyes (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 38 (1985), S. 191-197 
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    Keywords: 35 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract Laser dyes which are commonly used in pulsed laser pumped dye laser (PLPDL) systems have been investigated. It is shown that photoquenching plays an important role in the pumping process of all laser dyes, determining the efficiency of the PLPDL. Molecular parameters, such as absorption cross sections at various pumping wavelengths and fluorescence lifetimes of theS n (n〉1) excited electronic states of laser dyes, have been determined utilizing the photoquenching technique.
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    Characterization of the noise in continuously operating mode-locked lasers (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 39 (1986), S. 201-217 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract An experimental and theoretical investigation of the fluctuations of the pulses from continuous-wave mode-locked lasers is presented. It is shown that these fluctuations can be detected and quantitatively characterized from measurements of the power spectrum of the light intensity. Such power spectra can be measured with great accuracy by shining the laser output on a suitable photodetector and by processing the detector signal with the use of an electronic spectrum analyzer. Different types of noise such as fluctuations of the pulse energy, pulse repetition time, and pulse duration, can be readily recognized from their characteristic spectral signature. Experimental results of noise measurements are presented for a synchronously mode-locked dye laser pumped by an acousto-optically mode-locked argon ion laser, and also for a colliding pulse passively mode-locked dye laser.
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    Performance improvement of an x-ray preionized XeCl laser of very small discharge volume (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 31-37 
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    Keywords: 34.80G ; 42.55 ; 52.80
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    Notes: Abstract Increasing the preionization electron density is found to be an effective method for improving the output performance of discharge-pumped excimer lasers at high gas pressures when the power-supply voltage becomes a limiting factor. In a small volume (2 cm3), x-ray preionized discharge, orders of magnitude improvement in XeCl laser power output (up to 400 kW) and pulse energy (up to 26 mJ) over previously reported results have been found possible using this method. Modifications to the low energy x-ray source and discharge system leading to these improvements are described. Various laser output characteristics are also presented and discussed.
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    Passive mode locking of the continuous wave DCM dye laser (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 53-55 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract The first passive mode locking of the continuous wave (cw) DCM dye laser is reported. Subpicosecond pulses as short as 0.68 ps were obtained over the spectral region from 655 to 673 nm from a simple linear cavity with no dispersion optimisation. The dye 1,3′ Diethyl 4,2′ quinolythiacarbocyanine iodide (DQTCI) was used as the saturable absorber.
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    New cw optically pumped FIR laser lines (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 179-181 
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    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract Far-infrared laser action has been demonstrated in three previously unknown laser media. The substances used were: propargyl fluoride, 15-N cyanogen fluoride, and hydroxylamine. Assignments of the molecular transitions giving rise to the observed laser lines were made for the latter two compounds. New FIR laser lines were also observed with two substances, vinyl chloride and vinyl fluoride, which were already known as laser media by pumping with isotopic CO2 and N2O laser lines. The wavelengths of a total of 26 new FIR laser lines were determined together with the threshold pump power and an indication of the relative line strengths.
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    Optimization criteria for optical klystrons (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 231-234 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract We discuss simple criteria which allow the determination of both an optimum drift strength and total length, for the optical klystron operation. The analysis of the gain reduction factors also includes the finite microbunch length. We extend the discussion to harmonic generation, where we also find an optimum for the input power.
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    Numerical analysis of multi-mode laser with modulated inversion (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 43 (1987), S. 139-153 
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    Keywords: 42.50.+q ; 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract A systematic description is developed for the dynamical behavior of a multi-mode unidirectional ring laser under modulation of the population inversion in a homogeneously broadened active medium. The modulation frequency is chosen to be close to the longitudinal mode spacing in the cavity. We report a rigorous and extensive numerical analysis of this system by choosing the dc component of the population inversion, the modulation amplitude and the detuning of the modulation frequency as control parameters for both cases of good and bad cavities. In the good cavity, this system exhibits two characteristic transitions toward the conventional mode-locked pulse oscillation as the modulation amplitude increases: the first transition to the region of the ordered amplitude and disordered phase of the electric field, and the second one to the ordinary mode-locking in which both the amplitude and the phase are ordered. In the bad cavity, two kinds of chaos are observed: the Lorenz-type chaos in the region of weak modulation and strong population inversion and the quasi-periodic chaos in the region of strong modulation and intermediate population inversion. The dimensionality of chaotic behaviors is also tested to reveal mechanisms of instability. The coherent and incoherent properties of emitted light at each region are clarified, too.
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    CW injection phase locking in homogeneously broadened media II. Phase locking and tunability of CO2 waveguide lasers (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 43 (1987), S. 273-279 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract Injection phase locking of a powerful CO2 waveguide laser with a stable singlefrequency master oscillator is described. The locking range is experimentally investigated versus both injected signal frequency and slave cavity length. A locking tunability up to ±180 MHz from CO2 10P(20) line center has been achieved. Experimental results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical development exposed in the preceeding paper.
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    New large offset far-infrared laser lines from CD3OH (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 44 (1987), S. 111-117 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract The CD3OH molecule has been investigated for new far-infrared laser lines by optically pumping with a cw waveguide CO2 laser. The increased tunability (300 MHz) with respect to a conventional CO2 laser permits to pump many new CD3OH lines. As a consequence 108 new laser lines have been discovered, ranging from 42.9 to 1155 μm in wavelength. On some lines the effect of an electric Stark field has been investigated demonstrating a laser frequency tuning. The total number of known FIR laser lines from CD3OH is increased to about 340 making this molecule the most prolific together with CH3OH.
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    Automatic impedance matching and opto-Hertzian effect in RF excited CO2 waveguide lasers (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 47 (1988), S. 149-157 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract We report the successful operation of a novel automatic impedance matching technique (AIMing) and observations of the opto-Hertzian effect. The AIMing system is capable of maintaining efficient RF power delivery to a CO2 waveguide laser over a wide range of operating conditions. The opto-Hertzian signal, produced by circulating laser power fluctuations and detected in the RF reflected power, has some interesting properties and may be used for laser frequency stabilisation.
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    Experimental investigation of the MIR optically pumped ammonia bidirectional ring laser (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 377-381 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract We have studied the Doppler-broadened 11.76 μm 15NH3 emission line optically pumped in a ring resonator by a cw CO2 laser operating on the 10R(42) line. In the pure ammonia, even if the pumping occurs inside the Doppler width, the two-photon Raman process seems to be responsible for the laser emission. Both in the pure 15NH3 and in the 15NH3, N2, and He mixture we demonstrate the possibility of obtaining a unidirectional laser amplifier.
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    A magnetically stabilized coaxial laser discharge (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 161-167 
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    Keywords: 52.80 ; 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract A new magnetic discharge stabilization technique for coaxial laser systems is described. The approach utilizes crosses electric and magnetic fields to create and maintain a large and rapidly rotating plasma volume which does not experience glow-to-arc transitions. Very high cw specific discharge power loadings have been achieved even without the benefit of external gas cooling or circulation. Performance is insensitive to gas composition and pressure such that high power coaxial discharges have been run in CO2 laser gas mixtures up to several hundred torr. Stable cw discharges have also been obtained in mixtures containing several torr of SF6. The technique appears to be readily scalable to give very large excited volumes in systems with comparatively small overall physical dimensions.
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    Population inversion in thallium by flashlamp-photodissociation of TII (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 83-84 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33.80
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    Notes: Abstract A population inversion between the 62 P 3/2 and 62 P 1/2 state of thallium has been achieved for the first time by incoherent photodissociation of TII. This is accomplished by using wall-ablating flashlamps of short risetime and appropriate light filtering. The inversion lasts about 4 μs and is terminated by quenching collisions.
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    The vibrational relaxation time constant for theB v=0 level of XeCl (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 193-198 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33 ; 82.50
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    Notes: Abstract The vibrational relaxation time constant for theB v=0 vibrational level of XeCl* has been investigated by observing the coupling between theB v=1 andB v=0 vibrational levels under saturated lasing conditions. Based on this observation, estimates of the expected extraction efficiency from theB-state have been made.
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    Picosecond configuration relaxation in the1 T 1u -state of Ag−-centers in KI (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 36 (1985), S. 213-216 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.55
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    Notes: Abstract The relaxation of the optically excited Ag−-center in KI is investigated by measuring the risetime of the spontaneous emission from the relaxed excited state. The energy and number of phonons created in the relaxation process are determined.
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    Experimental study of cw carbon monoxide flame chemical laser of the CS2/O2/CO2 type (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 87-91 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract The performance of a continuous-wave (cw) CO flame chemical laser (FCL) of the CS2/O2/CO2 type is presented. The laser gives up to 0.7 W cw output power on a number ofP v (J) lines corresponding to 11→10, ..., 7→6 vibrational bands of CO molecule. The measured values of chemical efficiency based on the reaction O+CS→CO*(v)+S and the specific power are 0.1% and 0.7J/g, respectively. The spectral composition of the CO FCL of the CS2/O2/CO2 type shows lasing in the region from 5.194 to 5.573 μm. All experimental measurements are conducted with a nondispersive optical cavity.
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    Transverse mode dynamics in a free-electron laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 9-16 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.20 ; 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract We derive the most general equations of motion for the electrons and the electromagnetic field in a free-electron laser including the effects of diffraction and pulse propagation. The field evolution is expressed in terms of the amplitudes and phases of a complete set of transverse modes. The analytic solution is given in the small-signal regime, where the theory is shown to be in excellent agreement with a recent experiment at Orsay.
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    Pressure dependence of laser oscillation and superfluorescent emission from an optically pumped CF4 laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 37-41 
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    Notes: Abstract Experiments on pressure dependence of a CF4 laser have been carried out to elucidate dynamic characteristics of CF4 molecules pumped by CO2 lasers. The results are followed by a model calculation which characterizes collisional quenching of the energy levels related to the stimulated emission. The enhancement of the laser output induced by buffer-gas addition, which was found under specific conditions, is discussed in relation to the competition between laser and superfluorescent emissions.
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    Attachment kinetics and life time of perionization electrons in rate-gas halogen laser mixtures (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 40 (1986), S. 15-23 
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    Keywords: 34.80G ; 42.55 ; 52.80
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    Notes: Abstract Experiments on homogeneous initiation of pulsed avalanche discharges in typical XeCl laser mixtures show that the x-ray preionization pulse remains effective after a time delay of the order of 20 μs even at very high gas pressures (∼15 atm). Detailed kinetics analyses indicate that dissociative attachment of HCl is relatively slow during and after the preionization period so that the long effective delay time cannot be attributed to the storage effect of Cl− ions. Instead, the observed phenomenon can be attributed to the long survival time of the free electrons due to relatively slow diffusion and electron-ion recombination. Some problems arising from quantitative interpretation of the experimental results are also noted and discussed.
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    High-power, line-tunable14NH3 and15NH3 lasers (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 38 (1985), S. 185-189 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract A high-power, line-tunable NH3 laser pumped by a TEA CO2 laser has been developed for application to laser isotope separation of tritium. Laser lines from15NH3 are newly observed in a range from 11.24 to 13.23 μm. The performance of an15NH3 laser is compared to that of an14NH3 laser.
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    cw Injection phase locking in homogeneously broadened media (1987)
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    Applied physics 43 (1987), S. 203-208 
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    Notes: Abstract A theory of cw injection phase locking in homogeneously broadened media is investigated using density matrix formalism to derive the interactions of three coherent fields with a two levels system. This powerful formalism leads to analytical expressions of the complex gain for each wave propagating inside the amplifier medium. Studies of the minimum signal intensity for single-frequency operation and power output are related.
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    Measurement and assignment of new FIR laser lines in12CH3OH and13CH3OH (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 44 (1987), S. 67-69 
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    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract We have found twelve new FIR laser lines in12CH3OH and thirty three in13CH3OH. Both molecules were pumped by a regular cw CO2 laser. We have also assigned 2013CH3OH laser lines to specific rotational energy levels in the excited C-O stretchhindered rotation combined states
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    Long wavelength operation of a CW CO-laser up to 8.18 μm (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 73-76 
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    Keywords: 07 ; 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract A liquid nitrogen cooled cw CO-Laser is described, with which laser action up to 8.18 μm (v=36→35) has been achieved.
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    Design criteria and operating characteristics of a single-mode pulsed dye laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 141-146 
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    Notes: Abstract We have designed and tested a pulsed single-mode dye laser for spectroscopy experiments. The dye laser is pumped by a 6 kHz copper vapor laser to produce up to 230 mW average power at over 5% efficiency in a nearly diffraction limited beam. The dye laser pulse closely resembles the 30 ns pump pulse. Using an electronic servo loop, the 60 MHz wide line can be scanned, without mode hopping, through the 16 GHz permitted by the travel on the piezo driven mirror mount.
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    Free electron laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 150-154 
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    Further study of continuous-wave CO flame chemical laser of the CS2/O2/N2O type (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 29-33 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract This report describes an experimental examination of the output characteristics of the continuous-wave (cw) carbon monoxide flame chemical laser (FCL) of the CS2/O2/N2O type in case of small CS2/O2 reactants ratios (tipically CS2/O2≦1/10). A linear burner which gives a homogeneous and stable flame was used during the experimental study. The measurements of temperature distribution in CS2/O2 as well as CS2/O2/N2O flames show maximum temperatures of 1040 and 890 K, respectively. The addition of nitrous oxide (N2O) leads to dramatically enhanced output laser power caused primarily by V−V transfer processes. A chemical efficiency, based on the reaction O+CS→CO*+S, of 3% was achieved. The spectral composition of the CO FCL of the CS2/O2/N2O type shows lasing in the region from 5.130 to 5.586 μm. Experimental results were obtained with a nondispersive optical cavity.
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    FIR NH3 cascade laser excited by a Q-switch laser (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 5-8 
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    Notes: Abstract Short FIR laser pulses of high repetition rate are obtained by pumping NH3 with the pulses of a passively Q-switched IR laser. The two cascade laser transitions observed show coupled relaxation oscillations. The pulse shapes and delay times are qualitatively in agreement with a four-level rate-equation model.
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    Surface spectroscopy (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 229-232 
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    Keywords: 82.65 ; 68 ; 36.40 ; 78 ; 42.55
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    Guided waves and IR lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 283-289 
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    Keywords: 85.60 ; 42.80 ; 42.55 ; 33
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    Intense laser generation from an atomic-fluorine laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 235-238 
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    Notes: Abstract An intensive generation of radiation from a discharge-pumped atomic-fluorine gas laser is reported. A peak power exceeding 330 kW and a total energy of more than 2 mJ is obtained for a number of lines in the red, using a NF3∶He (1∶100) gas mixture at total pressure of 500 Torr. The circuitry optimization is described and the conditions for effective operation of the atomic-fluorine laser are discussed. The temporal and the spectral characteristics of the laser emission are also presented.
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    Free electron laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 157-158 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
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    New lasers and laser schemes (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 143-148 
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    Notes: Conclusion We have demonstrated the existence of an anomalous polarization coupling mechanism present in the injection locked TEA CO2 laser. As a direct consequence of this work, a new injection technique has been formulated which permits efficient injection coupling and maximises energy extraction whilst eliminating the detrimental optical feedback effects to which other injection locking systems are prone.
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    Energy transfer in slab dye lasers (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 71-75 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55 ; 42.72
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    Notes: Abstract A simple model of the energy transfer between a booster dye and the active dye in a flashlamp pumped planar waveguide dye laser is described. Analytical results are compared with experiments for several dyes in the 600–650 nm region. A twofold increase of laser output was found at a wavelength (630 nm) which is of particular interest for several applications.
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    Self-phase locking in lasers with homogeneously broadened emission lines (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 187-193 
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    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract It is shown by numerical analysis based on Lamb's equations of motion, that standing-wave lasers with purely homogeneously broadened emission lines exhibit regular multimode oscillations. Specifically, modes lying far from the line centre are quenched due to mode competition, and the amplitudes of the oscillating modes approach steady-state values. The stabilization of the amplitudes is normally accompanied, or followed, by an evolution of the phases towards a phase-locked regime, where the relative phasesψ n = 2φ n −φ n + 1 −φ n − 1 [φ n phase in then th mode, defined by (6)] attain either the value 0 or ± π. The build-up times for the relative phases are found to vary over a wide range.
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    Undamped undulation superposed on the passive Q-switching pulse of a CO2 laser (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 39 (1986), S. 83-90 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract An undamped undulation superposed on the pulse tail of the passive Q-switching is observed using HCOOH gas as a saturable absorber. The pulse shapes with the undulation are nicely reproduced through the rate-equation analysis in which the laser gain medium is described as a three-level system. Good agreements between the observation and the calculation are also obtained in the dependence of the period and the width of passive Q-switching pulse on laser parameters. The mechanism of the undulation is interpreted as the relaxation oscillation attributed to the relaxation from the lower laser level. The collisional rate constant of HCOOH molecule is also obtained.
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    Improved gain on the Cl2(D′3 П g −A′3 П u ) transition at 258 nm by halogen donor mixing (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 11-15 
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    Notes: Abstract The temporal development of the small-signal gain on the Cl2(D′−A′) transition at 258 nm has been investigated by means of an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) technique. For electron beam pumped He/Cl2 mixtures, the gain appears only at the end of the pumping pulse, whereas for He/Cl2/CCl4 mixtures the temporal gain profile coincides with the fluorescence pulse, and the maximum gain coefficient increases by about a factor of two. The observed effects are due to the mixing of both halogen donors and can be explained by considering the quenching of theD′-state by electrons.
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    Inversion of atomic resonance transitions by electron collisional dissociation (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 73-78 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 51.70
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    Notes: Abstract Population inversion of several resonance transitions in the rare-earth atom thulium has been achieved by electron collisional dissociation of TmI3 molecules in a fast electric discharge configuration. The inversion manifests itself by a strong spiking behavior during the initial current rise and lasts for several nanoseconds. Results of a model calculation of this inversion process for resonance lines support our experimental findings.
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    On noise and fluctuations in a synchronously mode-locked cw laser system (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 213-217 
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    Notes: Abstract A single-shot and synchronously-scanned streak camera, autocorrelation and noise spectrum analysing techniques are utilized to study the output characteristics of synchronously mode-locked cw lasers. Four main conclusions are drawn: (i) the pulse train from a synchronously-pumped dye laser reveals, besides phase jitter, considerable pulse shape fluctuations; (ii) autocorrelation measurements may be highly misleading when actual pulse shapes are considered; (iii) both the phase jitter and pulse shape fluctuations of the dye laser output are caused by the phase fluctuations of the pumping ion laser pulse train; (iv) the phase jitter of the ion laser proceeds from the fluctuations in the cavity roundtrip time with a characteristic time of about 5 μs. Under optimum conditions the rms noise of the dye laser output was 2% and the phase jitter with respect to the rf sine drive of the acousto-optical mode-locker, ∼30 ps. A qualitative explanation fo the noise properties is given.
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    Optically pumped lasers between high-lying states in the sodium dimer (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 233-238 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33
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    Notes: Abstract More than 25 laser lines around 2.5 μm from theC 1∏ u state to (3)1∑ g + and 7 laser lines around 0.9 μm from the high-lying1∑ u state to (2)1∑ g + in the sodium dimer were detected using a nitrogen laser as the pumping source. Most of the optically pumped laser lines have been identified.
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    Dynamic absorption effects in KrF* amplifiers (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 42 (1987), S. 11-15 
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    Notes: Abstract The results of transient loss measurements performed in a self-sustained discharge KrF* amplifier are reported. Analysis of these results gives a minimum value of 20 for the effective gain to loss ratiog 0/αeff, indicating that efficient extraction of energy in subpicosecond KrF* amplifiers in the ∼1 J range should be achievable.
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    170 fs pulse generation by optical pulse compression at 308 nm (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 46 (1988), S. 139-140 
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    Notes: Abstract Pulses of 170 fs duration have been obtained by compression of 220–250 fs pulses of a hybrid excimer-dye laser setup.
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    Theory of the synchronously pumped picosecond dye laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 27-37 
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    Notes: Abstract The circulation of a synchronously mode locked dye laser pulse in a linear cavity configuration containing a dye cell as an active medium and a bandwidth-limiting element is treated. The condition that the pulse shape reproduces after each cavity round-trip provides a nonlinear integro-differential equation for the steady-state pulse shape. For the solution of this equation an approximate method, not limited to small pulse energies, is given and the pulse duration, intensity, energy, asymmetry of the pulse shape, stable regions and other interesting parameters are discussed.
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    The He/Cl2 laser at 258 nm (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 49-55 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 34 ; 33
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    Notes: Abstract Lasing from e-beam pumped He/Cl2 mixtures at 258 nm was investigated in a longitudinal pumping geometry. Time dependence, output powers and energies as well as the spectral composition of the laser pulses were determined for different experimental conditions. Optical gain was observed for eight transitions around 258 nm. The fine structure results from isotopic splitting and contributions from different vibrational states. No bottle-necking occurs. However, saturation and absorption by excited states limited the total output power to 6MW and the output energies to 200 mJ. A simple kinetic model is proposed that reproduces the larger number of experimental data quite sufficiently.
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    Passive Q-switching and mode-locking for the generation of nanosecond to femtosecond pulses (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 46 (1988), S. 43-60 
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    Notes: Abstract The passive and hybrid Q-switching and mode-locking of solid-state lasers, dye lasers, semiconductor lasers and gas lasers is reviewed. The dynamics of saturable absorbers and reverse saturable absorbers is illustrated. The nanosecond pulse generation by passive and hybrid Q-switching of low-gain active media is described. The picosecond and femtosecond pulse generation by passive and hybrid mode-locking in low-gain and high-gain active media is analysed. The performance data of passively and hybridly mode-locked cw femtosecond dye lasers are collected. The pulse shortening of ultra-fast pulses with saturable absorbers in intra-cavity and extra-cavity configurations is discussed.
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    A one joule, XeCl pumped dye laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 31-32 
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    Notes: Abstract A 4 J XeCl (308 nm) laser has been used to produce ∼ 1 J of dye laser output from selected dyes whose lasing wavelengths sample the spectral range from 330 to 600 nm.
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    Resonant pumping far-infrared NH3 laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 33-36 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33 ; 34
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    Notes: Abstract A far-infrared (FIR) NH3 laser was resonantly pumped with a line-tunable infrared (IR) NH3 laser. The number of the observed FIR laser lines amounted to 33. Most of them belonged toaR(J,K) rotation-inversion transition in (0, 1, 0, 0) vibrational state. The line tunability of sealed-off FIR NH3 laser was almost achieved in 90, 115, 150, and 220 μm wavelength regions by the selective line tuning of the pumping IR NH3 laser.
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    Ultra-violet excited laser emission in Na2 (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 195-200 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 35
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    Notes: Abstract Laser emission at different wavelengths in the range of 903–914 nm and around 2.5 μm has been observed upon excitation of Na2 by uv radiation from an excimer laser at 351 nm and an excimer pumped dye laser in this wavelength range. The emission is attributed to a cascade emission $$C^1 \Pi _u \to 2^1 \sum _g^ + $$ followed by $$2^1 \sum _g^ + \to A^1 \sum _u^ + $$ . In addition, coupled with the laser emission around 910 nm, broad-band fluorescence peaking around 855.5 nm is observed which, eventually, may be the first observation of the $$b^3 \sum _g^ + \to x^3 \sum _u^ + $$ bound-free transition in Na2.
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    Theory of passively mode-locked cw dye lasers (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 105-113 
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    Notes: Abstract The circulation of an ultrashort light pulse in a continuously pumped modelocked dye laser with a linear cavity configuration containing the active dye, the saturable absorber and a bandwidth-limiting elements is treated. The steady-state condition that the pulse shape reproduces after each cavity round-trip leads to a nonlinear integro-differential equation for this pulse shape. An approximate method for the solution of this equation not limited to the case of low laser gain and small pulse energies is given. The stable single pulse region and characteristic pulse parameters, as energy, duration, intensity and asymmetry, are considered in dependence on the laser parameters.
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    On the theory of electron motion due to superposed em waves and its application to the free-electron laser with linear polarization (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 15-20 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 41
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    Notes: Abstract The relativistic motion of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field depending only on one coordinate is shown to be exactly equivalent to the unidimensional motion of a particle having a time and space-varying mass. By means of the averaged Lagrangian method an approximate solution is obtained for the relativistic electron motion in two oppositely moving waves of any polarization, one of them being weaker than the other one, thus generalizing the results previously obtained for circular polarization. A comparison with numerical calculations shows a good agreement. A pendulum-like motion in an effective periodic potential is shown to exist not only for two waves of the same frequency, but more generally when the frequency of the weaker wave is an odd harmonic of the frequency of the stronger one.
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    A subpicosecond dye laser pumped by a xenon ion laser (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 191-192 
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    Notes: Abstract A pulsed xenon ion laser has been used to pump a rhodamine 6G dye laser utilizing a ring resonator. The dye laser has been passively mode-locked; a pulsewidth of 0.5 ps and a 50 kW peak power have been obtained.
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    Shortening of travelling-wave-amplified spontaneous emission by a transversal pumping scheme (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 40 (1986), S. 35-38 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 82.50
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    Notes: Abstract An experimental investigation on shortening of travelling-wave ASE employing a transversal pumping is presented. A N2 laser with λ=337.1 nm, pulsewidth: 700 ps is used as a pump source. An ASE pulse with duration of 45, 55 and 45 ps from dye solution of Rh 6G, Rh B and C311, respectively, is obtained. Pulse shapes of output signals generated from these solutions in three different pumping schemes are compared.
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    Preionization and discharge stability study of long optical pulse duration UV-preionized XeCl lasers (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 1-24 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a complete study of the temporal and spatial characteristics of the preionization of a XeCl rare-gas halide laser. The detailed study was made possible using the technique of laser-induced preionization which utilizes the uv radiation from a KrF laser to preionize a second rare-gas halide laser. In addition to the preionization study, high spatial and temporal resolution framing camera photographs have been used to investigate the growth of discharge instabilities which can lead to the premature termination of the XeCl optical pulse. The roles played by HCl, Xe, the buffer gas as well as the discharge energy loading in the development of discharge instabilities have been determined experimentally.
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    Subpicosecond pulse generation in synchronously pumped energy transfer dye lasers (1986)
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    Applied physics 39 (1986), S. 183-186 
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    Notes: Abstract We describe the relatively efficient generation of picosecond pulses in an energy transfer dye laser synchronously pumped by an argon-ion laser and a Q-switched and modelocked cw-Nd3+: YAG laser, respectively. Maximum tuning range from 550 to 700 nm has been achieved. In both cases considerable pulse shortening in the spectral region of the donor emission was observed.
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    Determination of the unsaturated losses and of the saturation intensity in the KrCl excimer laser (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 40 (1986), S. 115-120 
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    Notes: Abstract The unsaturated losses α, and the saturation intensityI s, were measured in an uv-preionized KrCl laser for optimized He and Ne based laser gas mixtures. The measurements were made as a function of the specific power loading and of the total pressure of the laser mixtures. Higher values for α andI s were found for the Ne-based laser mixture than for the He-based mixture. At 45 kV charging voltage and at 355 kPa of total pressure we measured α=0.053 cm−1 andI s =9.4MW/cm2 for the Ne based mixture, and α=0.035 cm−1 andI s =5.1MW/cm2 for the He based mixture.
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    Fluctuation mechanism and statistical characteristics of active-passive mode locking in giant pulse solid-state lasers (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 40 (1986), S. 157-164 
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    Notes: Abstract A theoretical investigation of active-passive mode-locked lasers is presented. The main conclusion is that the intrinsic instability of a passively mode-locked laser due to the primordial noise fluctuation can be minimized by introducing an active modulator into the resonant cavity. Good agreement between computer simulation and experimental results reported previously is obtained.
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    A mirror with an intensity-dependent reflection coefficient (1988)
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    Applied physics 45 (1988), S. 191-195 
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    Notes: Abstract A device exhibiting a power-dependent reflection coefficient with fast time response and no frequency shift is proposed and analysed. It utilizes a combination of a nonlinear crystal for second harmonic generation and a dichroic mirror with high reflectivity for the second harmonic and partial transmission for the fundamental wavelenth. This device has been successfully used in a preliminary experiment to modelock a Nd:YAG laser.
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    Novel quantum-electronics phenomena and devices (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 152-156 
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    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.55
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    High efficiency cw far infrared lasers at 119 μm and 127 μm (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 48 (1989), S. 305-309 
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    Notes: Abstract The optically pumped FIR laser lines at 119 μm from CH3OH and at 127 μm from13CD3OH are known to be the most powerful in the far infrared spectral region. We report on efficiency measurements for our waveguide laser system. The effect of various parameters was investigated, resulting in the highest efficiency ever reported for the 119 μm line. The Stark effect and others parameters of the 127 μm were measured, and a new13CD3OH laser line at 175 μm discovered, with the same pump transition. These measurements are helpful for completing the assignment already proposed for the 127 μm line.
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    Optimization of the UV CuII laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 49-56 
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    Notes: Abstract The cw output power of the uv CuII laser has been optimized with respect to the hollow cathode geometry, the discharge current, the fill gas pressure and the resonator mirror parameters. A maximum laser output power of 900 mW for multiline operation at 248.6, 259.1, 260.0, and 270.3 nm was achieved with 100 A discharge current, 260 V voltage and 16 mbar fillgas pressure, when a hollow cathode of 1.2 m length and 2×6 mm2 cross section was employed. The single-pass pain gl has been estimated to 7%. A hollow cathode cross section of 1.5×4.5 mm2 is suggested as an optimum geometry. In addition, some investigations on the mechanism of the laser power decay in Ne−Cu-discharges are presented.
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    Single picosecond-pulse generation in a mode-locked oscillator and regenerative amplifier system (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 239-242 
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    Notes: Abstract A mode-locked Nd-glass laser oscillator with intra-cavity pulse selection by a Pockels cell shutter is described. A regenerative amplifier system with a saturable absorber is used to shorten the selected light pulses from the master oscillator. Pulses were shortened from 8 ps to 1 ps.
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    Electron dynamics in free electron laser resonator modes (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 101-109 
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    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 52.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study the electron phase-space evolution and gain in free electron lasers whose short-wavelength radiation has Gaussian spherial wavefronts. Several free electron laser designs are considered: the undulator, the tapered wavelength undulator, and the optical klystron. We find that the gain spectrum is no longer proportional to the slope of the forward spontaneous emission spectrum, and we determine the design of the Gaussian mode which maximizes the energy extraction from the electron beam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692771
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved conversion efficiency of XeCl radiation to the first stokes at high pump energy (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 47 (1988), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An XeCl laser beam has been used to investigate stimulated Raman scattering in H2 and in various H2-foreign gas mixtures. Helium, neon, argon, and nitrogen have been tested as foreign gases. In all the investigated mixtures with 50% of H2, the energy conversion efficiency to the first Stokes (353 nm) was more than 70% higher than that obtained in H2 at the same total pressure (40 bar) and pump energy (60 mJ). The dependence of the energy conversion efficiency on pump beam divergence has also been investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696217
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoacoustic detection of NH3 in power plant emission with a CO2 laser (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 7.65G ; 42.55 ; 86.70G ; 86.70L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes a photoacoustic spectrometer for detection of NH3 in power plant emission with a detection limit below 1 ppm. The radiation source is a tunable CO2 waveguide laser, and detection is performed at reduced pressure, where the vibration-rotation lines of NH3 are essentially Doppler broadened. Immunity against interference is ensured by recording a characteristic spectral profile, and problems associated with the high concentration of CO2, and the associated line center absorption are eliminated by utilizing the effect of kinetic cooling on the photoacoustic phase. A computerized spectrometer has been constructed and tested under realistic conditions at a Danish power plant operating a test facility for selective non-catalytic reduction of NO x . Results of this field test are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332267
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repetitive passive Q-switching and bistability in lasers with saturable absorbers (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 57-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report detailed experimental data on the passive Q-switching operation in a CO2 laser with CH3I saturable absorber, and on the transient behaviour in the near-Q-switching situation. Under suitable operating conditions, we found bistability in the output power. In some cases, we observed the simultaneous presence of bistability and passive Q-switching. The theoretical part of the paper starts from the four-level model of laser with saturable absorber, as formulated by other authors. By adiabatically eliminating the variables of the resonant levels, we reduce the problem to a set of three differential equations, from which we derive explicit analytical conditions for the rise of passive Q-switching. These conditions turn out to be in good qualitative and partially quantitative agreement with our experimental findings as well as with other experimental data previously obtained by other authors. Finally we classify the possible combinations of passive Q-switching and bistability that one can find in this type of experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688479
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dye stability under excimer-laser pumping (1983)
    Springer
    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The stability of polymethine dyes under XeCl laser excitation has been investigated. (For these dyes emitting in the ir the difference between absorbed and emitted photoenergy is 2 eV.) The stability was measured in an amplifier device operating in the saturated regime. While the influence on dye concentration is negligible, the fluence dependence shows the importance of two photon absorptions. A meausure for the stability is the number of photons which can be emitted per dye molecule before the dye solution has degraded to 50% of the initial value. This value is in the range of 150–280. The stability is clearly related to the formation of photoproducts absorbing at the pump and the laser wavelength. A model starting from the change in the dye solution absorption spectra is in very good agreement with the observed energy decays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695464
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous wave 1.6 μm laser action in Er doped garnets at room temperature⋆ (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.45 ; 78.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on room-temperature cw laser action of Er3+: Yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) and Er3+: Yttrium-gallium-garnet (YGG) crystals at 1.64 μm. The laser operates from the metastable4 I 13/2 manifold into an upper Stark level of the4 I 15/2 ground-state manifold of Er3+. Due to reabsorption losses, the Er3+ concentration of the laser crystals must be low. Laser pumping at a wavelength of 647.1 nm yields lowest thresholds around 30 mW and slope efficiencies up to 12.7% for Er:YAG. Laser operation in Er:YGG is achieved with higher thresholds of about 200 mW and smaller slope efficiencies of 0.9%. The effective emission cross section in YAG is estimated to be σe≈5×10−21 cm2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714646
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new blue-green XeF (C→A) excimer laser amplifier concept (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The feasibility of using the electrically excited XeF(C»A) excimer medium as an efficient wideband amplifier in the blue-green region of the spectrum has been investigated. Calculations show that for an intense blue-green optical flux input the amplification characteristics of XeF(C»A) improve, as a result of both bleaching of the pump induced absorbers and by additional production of XeF(C) level population. The removal of one of the major absorbing species, Xe** in the XeF (C»A) laser mixture by means of a pulsed ruby laser probe beam has been demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693931
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of the free-electron laser small-signal gain in a resonator gaussian mode (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 541-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simplified analysis of the small-signal gain in the presence of a Gaussian mode is presented for several undulator designs. For a filamentary electron beam, an analytical expression of the gain is obtained and found to be in agreement with previous work and with computer simulations. A general expression of the small-signal gain for the optical klystron FEL is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324954
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New FIR laser lines from CHD2OH optically pumped by a cw CO2 laser (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 48 (1989), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This work reports 83 new optically pumped far infrared laser lines, using deuterated methyl alcohol, CHD2OH, as active medium. For each line we list the measured wavelength, its polarization relative to the pump line, the optimum gas pressure and the CO2 laser pump power at the maximum absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694353
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new efficient far-infrared optically pumped laser gas: CH3 18OH (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 48 (1989), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The12CH3 18OH molecule has been investigated for new far-infrared laser lines by optically pumping it with a cw waveguide CO2 laser. The larger tunability (318 MHz) with respect to a conventional CO2 laser permits the pumping of many12CH3 18OH lines. As a consequence 100 new laser lines have been discovered, ranging from 34.6 μm to 653.2 μm in wavelength. The infrared spectrum of12CH3 18OH has been observed and all the fundamental vibration energies measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694185
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