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1

Digitale Medien

Histomorphological aspects of vascular anastomosis established by laser (1991)

Ahmadi, A. ; Zimmermann, B. ; Böhm, M.

Springer

Lasers in medical science 6 (1991), S. 363-366

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ISSN: 1435-604X

Schlagwort(e): Laser vascular welding ; Tissue fusion ; Electron microscopy

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Medizin , Physik , Technik allgemein

Notizen: Abstract The central problem in microsurgery is the reconstruction of small vessels. The long operating time, foreign body granuloma formation around the suture material as well as aneurysmal alterations of the vessel wall after conventional suture technique make the search for alternatives indispensable. Some of these disadvantages can be avoided as demonstrated by our animal experiments and histological examinations in laser-assisted anastomosing. The aim of this study is to show these aspects in connection with laser application and compare them with conventional suture techniques.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030894

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2

Digitale Medien

The roles of temperature and food quality in affecting the performance of the alder aphid, Pterocallis alni (1990)

Gange, A. C. ; Pryse, J. E.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 57 (1990), S. 9-16

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Schlagwort(e): Aphid ; alder ; food quality ; temperature ; ovariole number ; Pterocallis alni

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé P. alni DeGeer (Homopt. Callaphididae) vit sur Alnus glutinosa Gaertner pendant toute l'année. L'aulne étant un arbre fixant l'azote, cette étude a été entreprise pour examiner la croissance et la reproduction de ce puceron sur cet arbre afin d'expliquer les changements de la dynamique de sa population. 6 générations successives estivales ont été élevées dans la nature et en température constante au laboratoire. La qualité de l'aliment a été mesurée chaque semaine par une microkjeldahl analyse des concentrations foliaires en azote soluble. La qualité de l'aliment varie saisonnière, mais ne diminue que de 23%; elle semble n'avoir que peu d'effets sur le puceron, puisque la fécondité dans la nature n'est réduite que pendant une génération. Quand la température est maintenue constante, il n'y a pas de différences entre les performances des différentes générations de pucerons. Ainsi, les changements saisonniers dans la croissance et la reproduction des pucerons sont provoqués par la température et non par la qualité de l'aliment.

Notizen: Abstract Six successive summer generations of the alder aphid (Pterocallis alni (DeGeer) (Homoptera: Callaphididae)) were reared simultaneously in the field and under controlled temperature conditions in the laboratory. The growth and reproduction of each generation were recorded. The available food quality for the aphids was measured by weekly analysis of foliar soluble nitrogen concentrations. Although there was a significant change in leaf soluble nitrogen during the season, the decline was only 23% and this did not appear to have an adverse effect on the performance of this aphid. Instead, the major environmental factor affecting the aphid is temperature. This is evidenced by the facts that when aphids were reared at constant temperatures, there were no differences in generation performance, even though food quality varied seasonally. In addition, all generations of the aphid posess the same number of ovarioles, indicating that there is no pre-programmed anticipation of a seasonal deterioration in food quality in this aphid species.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349590

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3

Digitale Medien

Effect of different narcosis procedures on initiating oviposition of prediapausingBombus terrestris queens (1994)

Tasei, J. N.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 273-279

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Schlagwort(e): oviposition ; stimulation ; narcosis ; carbon dioxide ; age ; temperature ; photoperiod ; Bombus terrestris

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Abstract Four experiments aimed at the stimulation of starting oviposition were carried out with bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris L.) from colonies belonging to the ecotype of Central Western France and reared in a glasshouse. After mating, queens were narcotized with carbon dioxide, confined singly in small boxes (11×5×4.5 cm) and kept in a dark room at 28–29 °C and 60%–65% r.h. They were fed on a sugar solution and a pollen-syrup mixture. No effects were discernible if the narcosis was applied 20 to 30 days after mating instead of 5 days, nor if the queens were submitted to a 4 to 5 day period at 34°C following narcosis. Survival rates ranged from 65% to 68 %. If the queens were reared under fluorescent tubes (L8∶D16) after narcosis the mean delays to egg-laying were significantly reduced compared to a dark treatment (21 days instead of 39), as was their variability (s.e.=1.6 day instead of 3.1 days). The survival rates were respectively 73% and 67%. Under the same photoperiod (L8∶D16) the CO2 narcosis repeated at a 24h interval had the same efficacy whether its duration was 10 min or 5 min. The delays to egg-laying were respectively 20 days (s.e=1.5) and 25 days (s.e.=4.8) with survival rates close to 73%. Egg-laying could also be induced in non-narcotized queens with a survival rate of 54% and delays to oviposition close to those of queens narcotized 2×10 min.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383815

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4

Digitale Medien

Dispersal of adult female fig wasps (1994)

Ware, Anthony B. ; Compton, Stephen G.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 73 (1994), S. 221-229

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Schlagwort(e): Agaonidae ; host choice ; dispersal ; Ficus ; migration ; Moraceae ; take off ; temperature

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Abstract Ficus burtt-davyi, like most other fig species (Ficus, Moraceae), is exclusively pollinated by its own unique species of fig wasp, in this caseElisabethiella baijnathi (Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae). Because fig crop development on any one tree is usually synchronised, the small and short-lived female wasps have to migrate and find other trees bearing figs which are at suitable stage of development for oviposition. However, the likelihood of successful location and subsequent arrival at a new host tree is dependent on distance and the effect of environmental factors such as wind and temperature. This study examines the relationship between ambient temperatures and the timing of fig wasps emergence from their natal figs and the commencement of their dispersal flight. The behaviour of the wasps arriving at figs which were ready to be pollinated was also examined. The female wasps did not appear to distinguish between the figs and other parts of the tree when in flight. However, after landing on the tree their search for figs was more directed as they visited more figs than leaves. Short-range recognition of figs appears to be by contact chemo-reception, but the wasps showed a preference for entering figs which did not already contain a female wasp.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382473

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5

Digitale Medien

Role of photoperiod and temperature in the induction of overwintering pupal diapause in the spotted tentiform leafminer,Phyllonorycter blancardella (1994)

Trimble, R. M.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 25-31

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Schlagwort(e): diapause induction ; photoperiod ; temperature ; Phyllonorycter blancardella ; spotted tentiform leafminer ; Lepidoptera ; Gracillariidae

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Abstract The role of photoperiod and temperature in the induction of overwintering diapause inPhyllonorycter blancardella (F.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) was examined in the laboratory and field using leafminers from commercial apple orchards in Ontario, Canada.P. blancardella exhibited a long-day response to photoperiod: long daylengths resulted in uninterrupted development whereas short daylengths induced diapause. The estimated critical photoperiod for diapause induction was L14.25∶D9.75. The larvae of leafminers destined to enter diapause took ca. 3× longer to complete development than the larvae of non-diapausing leafminers. The development prolonging effect of photoperiod decreased with decreasing daylength. Temperature modified the diapause inducing effect of photoperiod. At L14.25∶D9.75, diapause incidence was similar at 15 and 20°C but was lower at 25°C. Photoperiod also altered the normal relationship between development rate and temperature. At L14.25∶D9.75, the duration of larval development of diapausing leafminers was similar at 15, 20 and 25°C. Temperature alone is unlikely to have a role in the induction of diapause because leafminers exposed to natural late summer and fall temperature regimes and L16∶D8 did not enter diapause.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382412

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6

Digitale Medien

Interactive effects of rutin and constant versus alternating temperatures on performance ofManduca sexta caterpillars (1994)

Stamp, N. E.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 125-133

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Schlagwort(e): growth rate ; consumption rate ; molt ; nutritional ecology ; rutin ; temperature ; thermocycles ; tobacco hornworm

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Abstract The effects of different concentrations of rutin and constant temperature (20 °C) versus alternating temperatures (23∶15 °C) on growth, molting and food utilization efficiencies of third instar tobacco hornworms (Manduca sexta) were determined. Relative consumption rate (RCR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were significantly higher for larvae at the alternating thermal regime compared to those at the constant (representing the average) temperature. With increasing concentrations of rutin, the negative effect of rutin on RCR and RGR increased for the larvae in the alternating thermal regime; however, at the constant temperature, rutin had little effect. The alternating thermal regime promoted synchrony in the timing of spiracle apolysis (the earliest morphological marker of molt). Rutin disrupted that synchrony. I discuss how patterns of host plant resistance may be altered with a decrease, in amplitude of diurnal temperatures (as has been documented recently for temperate regions) through the uncoupling of herbivore performance and allelochemical concentration. I conclude that simultaneous consideration of fluctuating temperatures and allelochemicals is advisable when assessing the effects of temperature and allelochemicals on performance of insect herbivores because interactive effects between temperature and dietary components occur and perhaps are common.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383547

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7

Digitale Medien

Induction and termination of diapause inOrius predatory bugs (1994)

Meiracker, R. A. F.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 73 (1994), S. 127-137

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Schlagwort(e): Heteroptera ; Anthocoridae ; Orius insidiosus ; Orius tristicolor ; Orius majusculus ; Orius albidipennis ; diapause induction ; termination ; photoperiod ; temperature ; sensitive stages ; biological control

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Abstract Photoperiodic induction of reproductive diapause at 18°C was investigated in fourOrius [Heteroptera: Anthocoridae] species.Orius insidiosus (Say) displayed a long-day response with a critical photoperiod between L11:D13 and L12:D12. Diapause in this species was terminated rapidly when the temperature and/or the daylength were increased.Orius majusculus (Reuter) also displayed a long-day response. The critical photoperiod fell between L14:D10 and L16:D8. Diapause in this species was not terminated within 14 days when both temperature and daylength were increased. InOrius albidipennis (Reuter) no diapause could be induced at photoperiods varying from L8:D16 to L16:D8. InOrius tristicolor (White) a high proportion of diapause was found at all photoperiods tested. The effect of temperature on photoperiodic induction of diapause was studied inO. insidiosus at L10:D14. Diapause occurred at 18°C, 21°C and 25°C, but not at 30°C. Again, diapause was terminated rapidly after transfer to 25°C/L16:D8. Exposing only the nymphal instars 1–5 to short daylength was not enough to induce diapause in the whole population ofO. majusculus. Orius predatory bugs are used as biocontrol agents against western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) [Thysanoptera: Thripidael, in greenhouses. The consequences of photoperiodic induction of diapause for the success of early season releases ofOrius are discussed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383418

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8

Digitale Medien

Effects of diet, photoperiod and temperature on the postdiapause reproduction in the cabbage bug,Eurydema rugosa (1992)

Ikeda-Kikue, K. ; Numata, H.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 31-36

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Schlagwort(e): Eurydema rugosa ; adult diapause ; diet ; photoperiod ; temperature ; postdiapause development

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Abstract InEurydema rugosa Motschulsky (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), the type of food supplied (i.e. seeds or leaves of the brown mustard,Brassica juncea Hemsel) and photoperiod, which control the induction of adult diapause, do not play a role in the initiation of reproduction after overwintering. A temperature above 13.2°C was required to start reproduction. After its initiation, however, short-day conditions on seeds induced diapause again in some adults. Although a diet of seeds under long-day conditions, in common with short-day conditions, induced diapause in young adults (Numata & Yamamoto, 1990), it did not reinduce diapause in adults after overwintering. Thus,E. rugosa that had overwintered became sensitive to diapause-inducing photoperiod again but not to dietary factors.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688991

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9

Digitale Medien

Failure to avoid rutin diets results in altered food utilization and reduced growth rate ofManduca sexta larvae (1993)

Stamp, N. E. ; Skrobola, C. M.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 68 (1993), S. 127-142

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Schlagwort(e): tobacco hornworm ; Manduca sexta ; nutritional ecology ; rutin ; temperature ; dietary self-selection

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Abstract The possibility of avoidance of and dietary self-selection relative to the flavonol rutin was examined for third instarManduca sexta for two thermal regimes and for larvae previously reared on plain or rutin diet. Temperature affected all of the performance indices examined, except efficiency of conversion of digested food. Significant interactive effects between temperature and diet occurred for relative consumption rate, relative growth rate and the food utilization efficiencies. For example, at the warm daytime temperature, relative growth rate prior to head capsule slippage was lower for caterpillars previously reared on rutin diet compared to those reared on plain diet. In contrast, at the cool daytime temperature, the relative growth rates were similar for caterpillars reared on plain diet and on 6 μmoles rutin diet. Consequently, in some treatments (5 of 12), caterpillars with a history of rutin in their diet had lower relative growth rates than those experiencing rutin for the first time. Despite rutin's impact on food utilization indices and negative effect on relative growth rate, the caterpillars did not avoid rutin nor was there evidence of regulation of the intake of rutin. The lack of metabolic feedback is discussed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380531

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10

Digitale Medien

Mite-load function improves precision of feeding damage estimation in Tetranychus urticae (1991)

Candolfi, M. P. ; Keller, M. ; Boller, E. F.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 58 (1991), S. 289-293

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Schlagwort(e): Spider mites ; Tetranchus urticae ; damage ; feeding ; temperature ; photoperiod

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchten den Einfluss von Temperatur und Licht auf die Saugtätigkeit von Tetranychus urticae auf Bohnenpflanzen und fanden eine nicht-lineare Beziehung zwischen Temperatur und Saugaktivität. Die Saugintensität stieg bei Temperaturen über 10 °C an bis zum Saugmaximum bei 35 °C und sank dann relativ rasch ab. Permanentes Licht- oder Dunkelregime übte keinen Einfluss auf die Saugleistung aus. Aufgrund der beobachteten Zusammenhänge zwischen Temperatur, Saugintensität und Intensität der Ausbildung der Schadsymptome entwickelten wir ein verbessertes Mass (‘mite-load’) für die Erfassung des Spinnmilbenstresses auf die Wirtspflanze. Die präsentierten Daten zeigen, dass mit der ‘mite-load’ Funktion die Saugschäden von T. urticae präziser erfasst werden können als mit den bisher gebräuchlichen Milbendichten pro Blatt oder Milbentagen.

Notizen: Abstract The influence of temperature and light regime on the feeding intensity of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) was studied on bean plants. A nonlinear relationship was found between temperature and feeding activity of T. urticae. The feeding intensity increased from 10 °C to 35 °C. At 10 °C there was practically no feeding, whereas at 35 °C maximum feeding occurred. above 35 °C the activity of the mites decreased. No difference could be found in the feeding intensity of mites kept at permanent darkness or permanent light. Based on the observed relationship between temperature and feeding activity and intensity of damage symptoms, respectively, we propose the use of a mite-load function to define the mite stress imposed on the plant.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366143

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