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  • Articles  (2,162)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (2,162)
  • 1990-1994  (2,162)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (1,841)
  • Mathematics  (321)
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  • Articles  (2,162)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A NOTE ON THE GENERALIZED MULTIBETA CAPM (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 4 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: The unified beta theory of Connor (1984) requires that the market portfolio be well diversified in a given factor structure. Wei (1988) extended Connor's results without relying on this assumption. This note provides an alternative to Wei's result by assuming that residuals from the projection of asset return on a set of k factors follow a joint elliptical distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.1994.tb00050.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WHEN IS THE SHORT RATE MARKOVIAN? (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 4 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: We answer this question in the very general context of the n-factor Heath, Jarrow, and Morton model for the evolution of the term structure of interest rates, with nonrandom volatility. the answer is that a constraint is imposed on the behavior of the volatility structure. We explain the importance of this result for the design of efficient numerical algorithms for the valuation of options on the term structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.1994.tb00060.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONSUMPTION AND PORTFOLIO POLICIES WITH INCOMPLETE MARKETS AND SHORT-SALE CONSTRAINTS IN THE FINITE-DIMENSIONAL CASE: SOME REMARKS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 4 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: This paper extends He and Pearson's (1991) martingale approach to the study of optimal intertemporal consumption and portfolio policies with incomplete markets and short-sale constraints to a framework in which no assumptions are made on the price process for the securities. We show how both their characterization of the budget-feasible set and duality result can be extended to account for an unbounded set II of Arrow-Debreu state prices compatible with the arbitrage-free assumption. We also supply a (fairly general) sufficient condition for II to be bounded, as required in their setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.1994.tb00051.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONVERGENCE OF AMERICAN OPTION VALUES FROM DISCRETE- TO CONTINUOUS-TIME FINANCIAL MODELS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 4 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Given a sequence of discrete-time option valuation models in which the sequence of processes defining the state variables converges weakly to a diffusion, we prove that the sequence of American option values obtained from these discrete-time models also converges to the corresponding value obtained from the continuous-time model for the standard models in the finance/economics literature. the convergence proof carries over to the case when the limiting risky asset price process follows a diffusion, except it pays discrete dividends on some fixed dates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.1994.tb00059.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EARLY EXERCISE PREMIUM REPRESENTATION OF FOREIGN MARKET AMERICAN OPTIONS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 4 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: The note deals with the pricing of American options related to foreign market equities. the form of the early exercise premium representation of the American option's price in a stochastic interest rate economy is established. Subsequently, the American fixed exchange rate foreign equity option and the American equity-linked foreign exchange option are studied in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.1994.tb00061.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ERRATUM (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 4 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.1994.tb00096.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A MULTIFACTOR GAUSS MARKOV IMPLEMENTATION OF HEATH, JARROW, AND MORTON (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 4 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Working within the Heath-Jarrow-Morton framework and using the theory of stochastic equations in infinite dimensions, a useful multifactor Gauss-Markov model for the movement of the whole of the yield curve is derived. Swaptions are priced. They are hedged by eliminating random terms between the semimartingale representations of the swaption and hedging instruments. Hedging efficiency is analyzed. the model is fitted to the swap/cap strips in Australia. Computation times on a 20-MHz laptop computer are acceptable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.1994.tb00095.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A PRICING OPERATOR-BASED TESTING FOUNDATION FOR A CLASS OF FACTOR PRICING MODELS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 4 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: This paper develops a cross-market version of factor pricing models. It is shown that exact factor pricing holds across two submarkets with respect to their common factors if and only if the unique pricing operator for the first submarket is equal to that for the other submarket with probability 1. We define an APT measure as the squared distance between the two pricing operators. Then, testing whether this measure is zero is equivalent to testing exact factor pricing across the two submarkets. Since the estimation of this measure does not require parameterizing and extracting the underlying factors, one can test factor pricing models without knowing any factors. In addition, we present a randomization procedure so that one can use it to conduct a more comprehensive investigation on the empirical robustness of factor pricing models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.1994.tb00053.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION USING PRICE DATA OF THE DERIVATIVE CONTRACT (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 4 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: This article develops a general methodology that uses the observed prices of a derivative contract to compute maximum likelihood parameter estimates for an unobserved asset value process. the use of this estimation methodology is demonstrated in two applications: Vasicek's term structure model and deposit insurance pricing. This methodology can also be useful in the empirical analysis of complex financial contracts involving embedded options.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.1994.tb00055.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THRESHOLD AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELING IN FINANCE: THE PRICE DIFFERENCES OF EQUIVALENT ASSETS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 4 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Threshold autoregressive (TAR) models condition the first moment of a time series on lagged information using a step-function-type nonlinear structure. TAR techniques are expected to be relevant in financial time-series modeling in situations where deviations of prices from equilibrium values depend on discrete transaction costs and where market regulators follow intervention rules based on threshold values of control variables. an important finance application is in modeling the difference in prices of equivalent assets in the presence of transaction costs. the focus of this paper is on motivating the use of TAR models in this context and on the statistical estimation and testing procedures. the procedures are illustrated by modeling the difference between the prices of an index futures contract and the equivalent underlying cash index. It is found that the hypothesis of linearity is conclusively rejected in favor of threshold nonlinearity and that the estimated thresholds are largely consistent with arbitrage-related transaction costs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.1994.tb00058.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MARTINGALE MEASURES FOR DISCRETE-TIME PROCESSES WITH INFINITE HORIZON (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 4 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Let (St)tεI be an Rd-valued adapted stochastic process on (Ω, ?, (?t)tεI, P). A basic problem occurring notably in the analysis of securities markets, is to decide whether there is a probability measure Q on ? equivalent to P such that (St)tεI is a martingale with respect to Q. It is known (see the fundamental papers of Harrison and Kreps 1979; Harrison and Pliska 1981; and Kreps 1981) that there is an intimate relation of this problem with the notions of “no arbitrage” and “no free lunch” in financial economics. We introduce the intermediate concept of “no free lunch with bounded risk.” This is a somewhat more precise version of the notion of “no free lunch.” It requires an absolute bound of the maximal loss occurring in the trading strategies considered in the definition of “no free lunch.” We give an argument as to why the condition of “no free lunch with bounded risk” should be satisfied by a reasonable model of the price process (St)tεI of a securities market. We can establish the equivalence of the condition of “no free lunch with bounded risk” with the existence of an equivalent martingale measure in the case when the index set I is discrete but (possibly) infinite. A similar theorem was recently obtained by Delbaen (1992) for continuous-time processes with continuous paths. We can combine these two theorems to get a similar result for the continuous-time case when the process (St)tεR+ is bounded and, roughly speaking, the jumps occur at predictable times. In the infinite horizon setting, the price process has to be “almost a martingale” in order to allow an equivalent martingale measure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.1994.tb00048.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of Hydrogen Gas as a Result of Drilling Within the Saturated Zone (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Hydrogen gas was discovered within the steel casing above standing water in a percussion-drilled borehole on the Hanlord Site in south-central Washington state. In situ measurements of the borehole fluids indicated anoxic, low-Eh (〈-400 mV) conditions. Ground water sampled from adjacent wells in the same formation indicated that the ground water was oxygenated. H2 was generated during percussion drilling, due to the decomposition of borehole waters as a result of aqueous reactions with drilled sediment and steel from the drilling tools or casing. The generation of H2 within percussion-drilled boreholes that extend below the water table may be more common than previously realized. The ambient concentration of H2 produced during drilling was limited by microbial activity within the casing-resident fluids. H2 was generated abiotically in the laboratory, whereby sterilized borehole slurry samples produced 100 times more H2 than unsterilizcd samples. It appears that H2 is metabolized by microorganisms and concentrations might be significantly greater if not for microbial metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00492.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Thermal-Pulse Flowmeter Resolution by Adding a Packer and Computer (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Measurement accuracy was increased by nearly one order of magnitude by outfitting the thermal-pulse flowmeter (TFM) with an inflatable packer. To accurately measure slow water velocities in boreholes greater than 15 cm diameter, it is necessary to divert borehole fluids through the TFM by inflating a packer. During calibration it was noted that the TFM's accuracy decreased as the borehole diameter increased. With Lhe packer inflated the TFM has a useful flow measurement range of 0.08 to 15 L/min (with flow velocities of 0.24 ± 0.012 cm/inin to 45.7 ± 0.61 cm/min, respectively, in 20-cm-diameter pipe), compared to 0.8 to 57 L/min for a packcrless TFM. A computer interlace was added to the TFM to provide a real-time graphical display of the differential voltage output from the TFM, a running mean and standard deviation of the pulse-response time, and a mean flow rate and velocity based on calibration curve fits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00497.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    National Water Quality Monitoring Strategy Update (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00486.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Assessment of the Nguyen and Finder Method for Slug Test Analysis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The Nguyen and Pinder method is one of four techniques commonly used for analysis of response data from slug tests. Limited field research has raised questions about the reliability of the parameter estimates obtained with this method. A theoretical evaluation of this technique reveals that errors were made in the derivation of the analytical solution upon which the technique is based. Simulation and field examples show that the errors result in parameter estimates that can differ from actual values by orders of magnitude. These findings indicate that the Nguyen and Pinder method should no longer be a tool in the repertoire of the field hydrogeologist. If data from a slug test performed in a partially penetrating well in a confined aquifer need to be analyzed, recent work has shown that the Hvorslev method is the best alternative among the commonly used techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00490.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ground Water Monitoring Statistics Update: Part II: Nonparametric Prediction Limits (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Nonparametric prediction limits can be useful statistical tools for ground water monitoring at facilities regulated under RCRA Subtitle C. Subtitle D. and similar regulations. New, exact tables arc presented for both “1 of m” plans (m chances to gel one observation inbounds at each of r monitoring wells to avoid a statistically significant increase) and “California” plans (first or all of the next m-1 observations inbounds at each well). The tables provide per-constituent significance levels (false positive rates) as a function of the background sample size n. m. r, the prediction limit (the largest or the next to largest, background observation), and the confirmatory resampling plan selected.When used in a monitoring program, future observations from several wells are compared with a prediction limit obtained from a common background sample. The table significance levels therefore depend critically on having IID (independent and identically distributed) observations. In particular, the false positive rate computations are not valid, and the procedures should not be used, with constituents whose measurements exhibit inherent spatial or systematic temporal variability.Recent U.S. EPA guidance explicitly encourages controlling facility-wide false positive rates over both constituents and wells. Nonparametric prediction limits, particularly with California resampling plans, will have greater difficulty in meeting the new. lower per-constituent false positive rate goals than previous ones, especially if many constituents are involved. Nonetheless, nonparametric prediction limits remain superior to other commonly used procedures for dealing with data with high proportions of nondctects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00494.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Client-Consultant Relationship (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00461.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wellhead Protection Workshops: What Have We Learned? (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00465.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid Assessment of Trichloroethylene in Ground Water (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: On-site analysis of trichloroethylene (TCE) in aqueous samples by head- space sample preparation and gas chromatography (HS/GC) provides for quick and precise concentration estimates. This analytical approach is well suited for the on-site determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a variety of sample matrices, including ground water and saturated and unsatured soils. For these reasons, HS/GC can be used to establish analyte concentrations on a near real time basis to help select appropriate casing material during monitoring well installation. This application and the collection of multiple well samples during sampling events facilitates the hydrogeological site interpretation and the formulation of remediation strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00472.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical Distribution and Partitioning of Chromium in a Glaciof luvial Aquifer (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The vertical distribution and partitioning (between the solid and aqueous phase) of chromium in a glaciofluvial aquifer in northeastern Connecticut were assessed. Most of the chromium (99 percent of its mass) is bound to the soil. Retardation is primarily the result of binding to organic matter and adsorption to iron oxide coatings. However, other attenuation mechanisms also appear to be significant. If the degree of chromium binding observed here is representative of other chromium contaminated sites, pump-and-treat remediation will not remove the vast amount of chromium from the subsurface. However, most of the chromium may be immobile, and removal may not be required following the initial pumping to remove the mobile fraction. Further knowledge of the mechanisms that bind chromium to the soil, their reversibility, and their kinetics is essential to developing effective remediation strategies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00476.x
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discussion of “What You Don't Find Isn't There, Or Is It? (or The absence of proof is not proof of absence),”Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation, v. 14, no. 1, pages 79-83, Winter 1994. (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00480.x
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    Discussion of “What You Don't Find Isn't There, Or Is It? (or The absence of proof is not proof of absence),”Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation, v. 14, no. 1, pages 79-83, Winter 1994. (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00481.x
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surfactant-Induced Reductions in Soil Hydraulic Conductivity (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Surfactant solutions are being proposed for in situ flushing of organic contaminants from soils and aquifers. The feasibility of surfactant additives in remediation may depend in large part on how these chemicals affect the hydraulic conductivity of the porous media. While there is evidence in the literature of conductivity loss during surfactant flushing (Miller et al. 1975; Nash et al. 1987), there has been little research on quantifying the process for unconsolidated sediments. Surfactant-affected hydraulic conductivity reductions were measured in two soils (Teller loam and Daugherty sand). Testing was done with eight surfactants at a variety of concentrations (10-5 to 10-l mole/kg), surfactant mixtures, and added solution electrolytes. The Teller was also tested with its organic matter removed. Maximum hydraulic conductivity decreases were 47 percent for the sand and more than two orders of magnitude for the loam. Surfactant concentrations, surfactant mixtures, soil organic content, and added solution electrolytes all affected the degree of conductivity reduction. Results indicate that surfactant-affected hydraulic conductivity losses should be considered prior to in situ remediation and may preclude surfactant use in some fine grain soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00112.x
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection Programs: A Preliminary Examination of Two States (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00088.x
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correction (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00094.x
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field Trapping of Subsurface Vapor Phase Petroleum Hydrocarbons (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 14 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Soil gas samples from intact soil cores were collected on adsorbents at a field site, then thermally desorbed and analyzed by laboratory gas chromatography (GC). Vertical concentration profiles of predominant vapor phase petroleum hydrocarbons under ambient conditions were obtained for the zone directly above the capillary fringe. Water and residual phase weathered aviation gasoline were present in this region of the profile.The sampling, trapping, and GC methodology was effective in most respects. Reproducibility, trapping, and desorption efficiency were generally satisfactory, and different sorbent tubes gave similar results. A minor shortcoming of the method occurred with the most volatile compound, 2,3-dimcthylbutane, which was poorly retained during several weeks of storage lime and was also poorly desorbed.Vapor phase concentrations of predominant hydrocarbon compounds all increased with depth at one sampling location. At a more highly contaminated location, concentrations of highly volatile compounds increased with depth while concentrations of less volatile compounds remained constant or decreased, possibly indicating distillation effects. Scatier in the data was attributed to heterogeneities in water and residual phase distribution.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00096.x
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sankey Brook Catchment Study (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The Sankey Brook catchment lies in the heart of the Mersey basin. As part of a major study into development issues in the Sankey Brook catchment, a hydraulic model was constructed and successfully used to simulate the river system and to assist in the derivation of discharge control policies.The background to the study and the subsequent hydrological and hydraulic modelling are described, particularly in relation to the more complex systems in the lower reaches of Sankey Brook.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01154.x
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    The Reconstruction of Sewage-Treatment Works in Osaka City (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Osaka has nearly completed its sewerage system, and twelve sewage-treatment works are now in operation. Tsumori and Ebie works, the two oldest, were commissioned in 1940. For these works, full-scale reconstruction has just commenced.This paper reports on the reconstruction of the Tsumori works, and outlines the plan for future reconstruction of the city's sewage-treatment works.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01158.x
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    Setting Effluent Consent Standards (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The paper outlines how consent standards are normally calculated in Scotland for both river systems and tidal waters. A background is given to the reason why a more statistical approach has been adopted in England and Wales where the use of combining distribution methods is more widespread. Comparison of the two approaches is made, particularly with regard to their potential impact on resources required for treatment plants, and also the problems of taking enforcement action. The setting of standards under the EC urban waste water treatment Directive is considered where, in addition to the implications of primary, secondary and more stringent treatment, consideration is given to storm-sewage overflows and industrial discharges.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01162.x
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    An Assessment of the Impact of Inland Surface Water Input to the Bacteriological Quality of Coastal Waters (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The introduction of ultraviolet disinfection in Jersey has achieved significant improvements in water quality. However, bathing waters in St Aubin's Bay and shellfish flesh have failed to comply with microbial standards. Streams and seepages from coastal structures were investigated as potential indicator organism sources (total and faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci). Seepages were an unimportant bacterial source as concentrations were low. Geometric mean concentrations in streams were up to four orders of magnitude higher than in final sewage-treatment works effluent, and concentrations increased significantly at high stream discharge. Rainfall-induced pulses of poor water quality occurred two to three times per week during the 1993 summer season. Natural discharges from island catchments thus contribute significantly to the bacterial load received at the coast, especially during high flow events. These observations have implications for other UK and European schemes using tertiary disinfection technology to attain water quality targets in coastal waters.
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    The Application of Risk Assessment to Contaminated Land: The British Gas Experience (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: British Gas owns over 900 sites within the UK with a total land area in excess of 5500 ha. Many of the sites are former gasworks, chemical works or associated holder stations.Although serious attempts were made to remove contamination during the last three decades, the operating and demolition standards previously considered to be adequate may no longer be acceptable and may have given rise to sites with the potential to contaminate adjacent land, surface waters and ground-water. As a result, further actions may now be required on these sites to reach new environmental standards, thereby reducing any chance there may be of legal liability on the Company.This paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of several qualitative and quantitative risk-assessment methods which can be used to prioritize potentially contaminated sites for further investigation. The use of site investigation data to accurately target risk reduction in site remediation proposals is also discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01157.x
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    Potential Impacts of Climatic Change and of Sea-Level Rise on the Yields of Aquifer, River and Reservoir Sources (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Using regional statistics of daily rainfall, a simple water-balance model was employed to generate runoff sequences with which to simulate the yield/storage behaviour of reservoirs in south-east England, in north-west England, and North Wales. Similarly sequences of recharge to an unconfined aquifer in eastern England were the basis of deriving its yield/storage behaviour. Then, taking scenarios of the year 2030 rainfall and evaporation, provided by the University of East Anglia's Climatic Research Unit, reductions in yield were calculated to be 5–15% below present-day values. For direct supply reservoirs, greater percentage reductions in yield were found to apply to the south-east region, as compared to the north-west. The results from the aquifer example are interpreted on a novel basis which allows an immediate comparison with the surface reservoir examples.Coastal sea-water intrusion was modelled for three common geological conditions (i) the Grimsby Chalk (confined), (ii) the Brighton Chalk (unconfined), and (hi) the Otter Valley Sandstone (unconfined). In all three cases the effect of a possible 0.6 m rise in mean sea level was shown to have only a marginal effect on sustainable yields, which reduced by about 1.5%.Estuarine fresh-salt water interfaces are important to the abstraction regime of freshwater intakes in the lower reaches of rivers. The effect of a 0.6-m sea-level rise on the saline interface location at high tide was evaluated by hydrodynamic computational models. Only a minor inland shin of the interface was found, less man 800 m in the Thames tideway and less than 500 m in the Lune estuary. The Severn estuary is exceptional in having its saline interface move 3.5 km landwards for the same 0.6-m rise in mean sea level.
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    Control of Hydrogen Sulphide by Air Injection into Rising Mains (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: During the long-distance pressure transportation of sewage, the interior of a rising main tends to become anaerobic, thereby producing a large amount of hydrogen sulphide at manholes and terminals. High concentrations of hydrogen sulphide have become a serious environmental and maintenance problem.In order to prevent the production of hydrogen sulphide in rising mains, the City of Kobe (in Japan) introduced a system to inject air directly into the main.This paper describes the results of studies on the effect of air injection on hydrogen sulphide inhibition and the relationship between water quality and the amount of air injected.
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    The Institution's View of the Proposed Revision of the Drinking Water Directive (80/778/EEC) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01166.x
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    IWEM Annual General Meeting (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01133.x
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    Proceedings of IWEM Symposium on ‘Contaminated Land: From Liability to Asset’ (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01129.x
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    Application of the ‘Biothane’ Wastewater Treatment System in the Soft Drinks Industry (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This paper describes the experience gained by Yorkshire Water in the construction and operation of a wastewater treatment plant to deal with the effluent from Europe's largest canning and bottling factory (at Wakefield, West Yorkshire). The process which was chosen was the ‘Biothane’ upward-flow anaerobic sludge blanket system. Commissioning of the plant was fraught with difficulties due to the erratic organic load being discharged from the factory, along with larger than anticipated volumes of caustic solution.
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    The Management of Water Colour in Peatland Catchments (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The problems of water-colour management in peatland catchments are discussed. Colour may be managed in three areas of the reservoir catchment system: on the catchment itself, in the channel/conduit system and within the reservoir. Whilst a number of workers have considered the management of catchment areas and some have evolved tributary turnout strategies, no previous research has considered the role of the reservoir in the amelioration or enhancement of water colour. The management of water colour at Thornton Moor catchment (near Bradford) is described. In this catchment a staged approach has been adopted, with colour being managed in an integrated manner at three stages along the catchment/conduit/reservoir system.
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    Book Reviews (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Books reviewed in this article: Water Wisdom, by Colin Allsebrook. Regional Ground-Water Quality. Edited by W. M. Alley. Respirometry of Activated Sludge, by Milenko Ros. Strategy for the Sustainable Use of England's Estuaries, by English Nature. European Environmental Law Casebook, by L. Krämer.
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    Benefits of Flow Data for Flood-Protection Design (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Stream gauging data play a vital role in the planning of flood mitigation strategies. A study of the value of stream flow data for the design of levee systems shows that the availability of a reasonable sample of pertinent data can be worth many times the cost of collecting that data.
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    The Institution's Response to the Government's Consultation Papers ‘Development Below Low Water Mark’ and ‘Managing the Coast’ (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01113.x
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    Reconstruction of British Nuclear Fuel's Drigg Marine Outfall (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: In 1985 the House of Commons Environment Committee expressed reservations over some of the waste-management procedures followed by British Nuclear Fuels Ltd at their Drigg low-level radioactive waste disposal facility near Sellafield in Cumbria. These reservations prompted the company to implement a £20 million programme of improvements aimed at maximizing site usage, reducing trench leachate arisings and redirecting to the Irish Sea.This paper provides information and test results associated with design considerations and initial dilution testing, respectively, of a computercontrolled long sea outfall system designed to discharge leachate to the Irish Sea. Information is also provided on difficulties experienced during construction of the outfall.
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    Experience of Cast-Iron Mains Rehabilitation in the Gas Industry (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Since 1987 British Gas plc has undertaken an extensive programme of medium pressure (up to 2 bar) cast-iron mains replacement in urban locations, using a variety of rehabilitation techniques.This paper describes the experience of North Thames Region of British Gas plc, over the period 1987–1991, when the rehabilitation of over 230 km of mains was undertaken in the size range 300–460 mm.The techniques which were used favoured medium density polyethylene pipe wherever possible. However, about 100 km of rehabilitation was undertaken using hoselining, usually where mains were larger than 460 mm dia., or where aboveground access was restricted, or if the mains configuration included many changes of direction.This paper deals with (a) various aspects of operating rehabilitation contracts from a public utilities viewpoint, (b) the special factors relating to the inspection and testing of hoselined mains including factors found to contribute to failure, and (c) some of the controls that have been introduced to improve reliability of rehabilitation systems.
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    Use of Cement Kilns in Managing Solid and Hazardous Wastes: Implementation in Australia (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The use of cement kilns for managing solid and hazardous wastes is facilitated by the high temperature, long gas retention periods, natural alkaline environment, minimum amount of waste produced and high thermal capacity. The main benefits include energy recovery, conservation of fossil fuels, reduction in cement production costs and the use of already existing facilities.The test burns conducted in cement kilns worldwide have demonstrated very high destruction efficiencies for most stable organic compounds, with toxic contaminants barely above the background levels.There are several cement plants in the US and Europe presently using solid and hazardous wastes as supplementary fuel. The application of this technology in Australia has been ignored in the past. An international conference (Kilnburn‘92) on the role of cement kilns in waste management was held recently in Australia and has enhanced the implementation of this technology in Australia.
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    The Institution's Response to the Consultation Paper on ‘Proposed Amendments to the Water Resources Act 1991 and the Reservoirs Act 1975′ (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    The Institution's Response to the Consultation Paper on ‘River Quality: The Surface Waters (Fisheries Ecosystem) (Classification) Regulations 1993′ (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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    WILLIAM OSWALD SKEAT, Bsc(Eng), MICE, FIMechE, (Hon Fellow) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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    The Institution's Response to the Consultation Paper on ‘Waste Management Paper No. 2/3: The Preparation of Waste Disposal (Management) Plans’ (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Construction and Operation of a Submerged Aerated Filter Sewage-Treatment Works (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The capacity of the sewage-treatment works at Silchester in Hampshire has been enhanced and the effluent quality improved to a high standard by the installation of a new submerged biological aerated filter plant. Ten prefabricated steel submerged aerated filters reduce BOD and fully nitrify settled domestic sewage from a population equivalent of 20 000.Comprehensive operating data are presented to demonstrate the ability of single-stage submerged downflow aerated biological filters to produce a nitrified effluent. The final effluent quality remains consistently within consent limits at 4.8 mg/l BOD, 7.0 mg/l SS and 0.5 mg/l NH3-N, all 95 percentiles. (Consent 7 mg/l BOD, 25 mg/l SS, and 5 mg/l NH3-N, 95 percentiles.)Data are presented on total coliform and E. Coli concentrations through the filter plant, showing better than 3 log reductions in the effluent.
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    Sustainability and the Water and Environmental Manager (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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    Treatment of Algal-Laden Water: Pilot-Plant Experiences (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: In recent years an increase in the eutrophication of reservoirs has added to the problems of lowland surface-water treatment. A pilot plant was installed to test the effectiveness of various treatment regimes for a river source which was subject to occasional algal blooms, and a eutrophic reservoir source which was heavily contaminated with cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria sp.). The treatment processes adopted were dissolved-air flotation for chemical coagulation, sand and anthracite filtration, comparative disinfection stages using ozone and chlorine followed by granular activated carbon filtration.The dissolved-air flotation plant was not particularly effective for the removal of algae, but the sand/anthracite filtration process was capable of removing 50% of the algae. The ozone disinfection stage was adequate for disinfection and also reduced algal numbers. Overall the chlorine/granular activated carbon method did not perform as effectively as the ozone/granular activated carbon process; the iatter process was +99% effective for algai control, with river and reservoir sources.
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    Identification of Odour Problems in the River Dee: A Case Study (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 8 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: An intermittent strong vegetable/cabbage odour was noted on raw water abstracted from the River Dee (NW England). The source of the odour was traced to an industrial discharge from an animal feed manufacturer to a tributary of the River Dee. Analysis of water samples by CLSA GC-MS revealed the likely causes of the odour to be dimethyl disulphide and dimethyl trisulphide. 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMB), a hydroxy methionine analogue growth supplement used by the feed manufacturer was a likely precursor to the odour problem. Studies conducted on the behaviour of HMB in untreated water showed it to be rapidly degraded. Degradation products included dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide and methyl(methylthio)methyl disulphide. The odour of water samples incubated with HMB changed from that of potato to cabbage/sprout, indicating that breakdown of this compound was responsible for the vegetable odour on untreated river water.
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    Don't discard last week's TV Guide! (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Teaching statistics 16 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    Sampling Errors in Political Polls (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Teaching statistics 16 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article examines the sampling error of the lead of one political party over another as observed in a random sample of voters. The sample size needed to achieve a certain precision is also investigated.
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    Tampering with a Stable Process (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Teaching statistics 16 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article presents a variation of the funnel experiment made famous by W. Edwards Deming. Ideally suited for classroom use, this exercise illustrates the disastrous consequences resulting from tampering with a stable process.
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    Combining Means and Variances of Samples (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Teaching statistics 16 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    Teaching probability (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article examines some of the difficulties associated with teaching probability. It is argued that a key difficulty is the lack of transferability of pupils' curriculum based knowledge.
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    Cooperative Learning in Statistics (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The formal use of cooperative learning techniques developed originally in primary and secondary education proved effective in improving student performance and retention in a college freshman level statistics course. Lectures interspersed with group activities proved effective in increasing conceptual understanding and overall class performance.
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    Ranking Soccer Teams (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Teaching statistics 16 (1994), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    SIMULATION - Is this a load of rubbish? (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    NEWS & NOTES (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this Article: Introductory Statistics By Prem S. Mann Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers By Douglas C. Montgomery and George C. Runger Handling data with Databases & Spreadsheets By Michael Hammond.
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    Teaching Independence (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Examples are given which illustrate how independence enters into statistical problems and a demonstration of independence is presented. Coverage in statistical textbooks is examined
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    Illustrating the Central Limit Theorem (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    Odds that don't add up! (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Teaching statistics 16 (1994), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This artical presents examples of situations where a lack of understanding of probability leads to erroneous expectations.
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    Teaching Statistics through Resampling (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Teaching statistics 16 (1994), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This paper describes experiences of teaching statistics without mathematical theory but using computer-intensive re-sampling methods. The method is relevant to statistics teaching at all levels.
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    Teaching Statistics in Victorian England-The Other Side Of a Darwinian Coin? Part 2 (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    Model Comparison in Regression (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The instructor can help begining students master the numerous results of regression analysis by using helpful notation and by providing a framework for organising regression outputs. For the latter, model comparison is a useful operating notion.
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    Estimating the Size of a Population (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Several estimates of an unknown population size are compared.
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    Pictograms (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    Back to Basics? (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    RESEARCH REPORT (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    Book Reviews (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this Article: Enterprising Mathematics for AS Level and A-Level Statistics core Heinemann Essentials of Statistical Methods in 41 pages By T P Hutchinson. Learning Data Analysis with DATA DESK Paul F Velleman
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    NEW & NOTES (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    A Tale of Six Cities (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Teaching by Design (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Some teaching material which invites a group of students to design and carry out a small experiment to investigate the working of short term memory is described. No equipment of any kind is required. These ideas have been found to be very helpful in making students think about some very basic and practical issues in designing and carrying out an experiment. The simple nature of the material makes it accessible to all levels of students.
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    SOFTWARE REVIEW: The Student Edition of MINITAB Release 8 (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    More Computer Generated Thinking (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The graphic presentation of random processes by Markov chains allows an easy access to both, recursive formulae for the distribution and the proof of suppositions about the probabilities appearing within these distributions.
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    On the Ball (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    Common Elements Correlation (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This work demonstrates common elements correlation, its extension to negative correlation, and the production of bivariate normal samples for a specified correlation matrix.
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    Patients, Medicines, Policies and Statistics (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    Learning about Extremes (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: For many physical processes it is extreme levels which are of greatest concern. This article gives a practical introduction to the problems and models involved.
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    Teaching Statistics in Victorian England-The Other Side Of A Darwinian Coin? (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this Article: Practical Data Handling Book A Davies, G. Statistics for the Twenty-first Century. Sheldon and Florence Gordon, Editors. Statistics - A First Course Walker, McLean & Matthew.
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    Letters (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    NEWS & NOTES (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
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    Stigma Happens: Social Problems in the Siting of Nuclear Waste Facilities (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 14 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The paper by Metz challenges the view that stigma associated with a nuclear waste repository might lead to significant economic losses to the host region. We have been invited to comment on the general issues raised by this paper. We find that much of the evidence presented in the paper consists of factual and conceptual errors and misrepresentations of the research literature. Based on our review of evidence documenting the social and economic impacts of perceived risk, we conclude that stigma is an important phenomenon that is symptomatic of fundamental problems with the way in which nuclear waste facilities are sited.
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    Designing Risk Communications: Completing and Correcting Mental Models of Hazardous Processes, Part I (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 14 (1994), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Many risk communications are intended to help the lay public make complex decisions about risk. To guide risk communicators with this objective, a mental models approach to the design and characterization of risk communications is proposed. Building on text comprehension and mental models research, this approach offers an integrated set of methods to help the risk communication designer choose and analyze risk communication content, structure, and organization. An applied example shows that two radon brochures designed with this approach present roughly the same expert facts as a radon brochure widely distributed by the U.S. EPA but meet higher standards on other content, structure, and organization criteria.
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    Development of a Standard Soil-to-Skin Adherence Probability Density Function for Use in Monte Carlo Analyses of Dermal Exposure (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 14 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: It has recently been suggested that “standard” data distributions for key exposure variables should be developed wherever appropriate for use in probabilistic or “Monte Carlo” exposure analyses. Soil-on-skin adherence estimates represent an ideal candidate for development of a standard data distribution: There are several readily available studies which offer a consistent pattern of reported results, and more importantly, soil adherence to skin is likely to vary little from site-to-site. In this paper, we thoroughly review each of the published soil adherence studies with respect to study design, sampling, and analytical methods, and level of confidence in the reported results. Based on these studies, probability density functions (PDF) of soil adherence values were examined for different age groups and different sampling techniques. The soil adherence PDF developed from adult data was found to resemble closely the soil adherence PDF based on child data in terms of both central tendency (mean = 0.49 and 0.63 mg-soil/cm2-skin, respectively) and 95th percentile values (1.6 and 2.4 mg-soil/cm2-skin, respectively). Accordingly, a single, “standard” PDF is presented based on all data collected for all age groups. This standard PDF is lognormally distributed; the arithmetic mean and standard deviation are 0.52 ± 0.9 mg-soil/cm2-skin. Since our review of the literature indicates that soil adherence under environmental conditions will be minimally influenced by age, sex, soil type, or particle size, this PDF should be considered applicable to all settings. The 50th and 95th percentile values of the standard PDF (0.25 and 1.7 mg-soil/cm2-skin, respectively) are very similar to recent U.S. EPA estimates of “average” and “upper-bound” soil adherence (0.2 and 1.0 mg-soil/cm2-skin, respectively).
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    Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment for Exposures to Estuary Sediments and Biota Contaminated with Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Terphenyls and Other Toxic Substances (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 14 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: A Latin Hypercube probabilistic risk assessment methodology was employed in the assessment of health risks associated with exposures to contaminated sediment and biota in an estuary in the Tidewater region of Virginia. The primary contaminants were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals released into the estuary from a storm sewer system. The exposure pathways associated with the highest contaminant intake and risks were dermal contact with contaminated sediment and ingestion of contaminated aquatic and terrestrial biota from the contaminated area. As expected, all of the output probability distributions of risk were highly skewed, and the ratios of the expected value (mean) to median risk estimates ranged from 1.4 to 14.8 for the various exposed populations. The 99th percentile risk estimates were as much as two orders of magnitude above the mean risk estimates. For the sediment exposure pathways, the stability of the median risk estimates was found to be much greater than the stability of the expected value risk estimates. The interrun variability in the median risk estimate was found to be +/-1.9% at 3000 iterations. The interrun stability of the mean risk estimates was found to be approximately equal to that of the 95th percentile estimates at any number of iterations. The variation in neither contaminant concentrations nor any other single input variable contributed disproportionately to the overall simulation variance. The inclusion or exclusion of spatial correlations among contaminant concentrations in the simulation model did not significantly effect either the magnitude or the variance of the simulation risk estimates for sediment exposures.
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    Summary of the Workshop on Issues in Risk Assessment: Quantitative Methods for Developmental Toxicology (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This report summarizes the proceedings of a conference on quantitative methods for assessing the risks of developmental toxicants. The conference was planned by a subcommittee of the National Research Council's Committee on Risk Assessment Methodology/〉 in conjunction with staff from several federal agencies, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Consumer Products Safety Commission, and Health and Welfare Canada. Issues discussed at the workshop included computerized techniques for hazard identification, use of human and animal data for defining risks in a clinical setting, relationships between end points in developmental toxicity testing, reference dose calculations for developmental toxicology, analysis of quantitative dose-response data, mechanisms of developmental toxicity, physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, and structure-activity relationships. Although a formal consensus was not sought, many participants favored the evolution of quantitative techniques for developmental toxicology risk assessment, including the replacement of lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) and no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) with the benchmark dose methodology.
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    Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models in Developmental Toxicology (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The kinetics of disposition of drugs and environmental chemicals will be altered as a result of the rapid and pronounced anatomic and physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy. These include changes in maternal intestinal motility, pulmonary tidal volume and minute volume, cardiac output, and renal function as well as in maternal tissue and fluid volumes and in the weight of the embryo/fetus and its developing organs. Physiologically-based models of pregnancy are capable of taking these temporal changes into account. Several such models have been developed. They vary in their characteristics, depending on the chemical under consideration and the period of gestation of concern to the developers of the models. Several physiologically-based models of gestation are outlined, and an example is given of the application of a physiologically-based model of gestation to predict dose to the rat and mouse fetus.
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    Public Perceptions of the Potential Hazards Associated with Food Production and Food Consumption: An Empirical Study (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 14 (1994), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Although public perceptions of food-related hazards receive much media comment and debate, the research literature on such perceptions is sparse and piecemeal. In the reported study, 216 people completed a questionnaire relating to their perceptions of the “risk characteristics” of potential hazards associated with various aspects of food production and food consumption. Responses were examined via principal-components analysis to obtain a structural representation of risk perception of the kind provided by Fischhoff, Slovic, and their colleagues in their seminal psychometric work.(1,2) A three-component solution accounting for 87% of the variance was obtained, with the dimensions labeled as “severity,”“unknown,” and “number of people exposed.” The findings also yielded information pointing to evidence of the phenomenon of unrealistic optimism. We conclude that our findings offer a useful base upon which further in-depth research integrating different perspectives on risk perception with respect to food-related hazards may be developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00291.x
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  • 94
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    Measures of Compounding Conservatism in Probabilistic Risk Assessment (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Concern about the degree of uncertainty and potential conservatism in deterministic point estimates of risk has prompted researchers to turn increasingly to probabilistic methods for risk assessment. With Monte Carlo simulation techniques, distributions of risk reflecting uncertainty and/or variability are generated as an alternative. In this paper the compounding of conservatism(1) between the level associated with point estimate inputs selected from probability distributions and the level associated with the deterministic value of risk calculated using these inputs is explored. Two measures of compounded conservatism are compared and contrasted. The first measure considered, F, is defined as the ratio of the risk value, Rd, calculated deterministically as a function of n inputs each at the jth percentile of its probability distribution, and the risk value, Rj that falls at the jth percentile of the simulated risk distribution (i.e., F=Rd/Rj). The percentile of the simulated risk distribution which corresponds to the deterministic value, Rd, serves as a second measure of compounded conservatism. Analytical results for simple products of lognormal distributions are presented. In addition, a numerical treatment of several complex cases is presented using five simulation analyses from the literature to illustrate. Overall, there are cases in which conservatism compounds dramatically for deterministic point estimates of risk constructed from upper percentiles of input parameters, as well as those for which the effect is less notable. The analytical and numerical techniques discussed are intended to help analysts explore the factors that influence the magnitude of compounding conservatism in specific cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00257.x
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human Interindividual Variability–A Major Source of Uncertainty in Assessing Risks for Noncancer Health Effects (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: For noncancer effects, the degree of human interindividual variability plays a central role in determining the risk that can be expected at low exposures. This discussion reviews available data on observations of interindividual variability in (a) breathing rates, based on observations in British coal miners; (b) systemic pharmacokinetic parameters, based on studies of a number of drugs; (c) susceptibility to neurological effects from fetal exposure to methyl mercury, based on observations of the incidence of effects in relation to hair mercury levels; and (d) chronic lung function changes in relation to long-term exposure to cigarette smoke. The quantitative ranges of predictions that follow from uncertainties in estimates of interindividual variability in susceptibility are illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00260.x
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uncertainty Analysis in Multiplicative Models (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Uncertainties are usually evaluated by Monte Carlo analysis. However, multiplicative models with lognormal uncertainties, which are ubiquitous in risk assessments, allow for a simple and quick analytical uncertainty analysis. The necessary formulae are given, which may be evaluated by a desk calculator. Two examples illustrate the method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00271.x
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recommended Distributions for Exposure Factors Frequently Used in Health Risk Assessment (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Although there has been nearly complete agreement in the scientific community that Monte Carlo techniques represent a significant improvement in the exposure assessment process, virtually all state and federal risk assessments still rely on the traditional point estimate approach. One of the rate-determining steps to a timely implementation of Monte Carlo techniques to regulatory decision making is the development of “standard” data distributions that are considered applicable to any setting. For many exposure variables, there is no need to wait any longer to adopt Monte Carlo techniques into regulatory policy since there is a wealth of data from which a robust distribution can be developed and ample evidence to indicate that the variable is not significantly influenced by site-specific conditions. In this paper, we propose several distributions that can be considered standard and customary for most settings. Age-specific distributions for soil ingestion rates, inhalation rates, body weights, skin surface area, tapwater and fish consumption, residential occupancy and occupational tenure, and soil-on-skin adherence were developed. For each distribution offered in this paper, we discuss the adequacy of the database, derivation of the distribution, and applicability of the distribution to various settings and conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00269.x
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluating Risk Communications: Completing and Correcting Mental Models of Hazardous Processes, Part II (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: We propose a decision-analytic framework, called the mental models approach, for evaluating the impact of risk communications. It employs multiple evaluation methods, including think-aloud protocol analysis, problem solving, and a true-false test that allows respondents to express uncertainty about their answers. The approach is illustrated in empirical comparisons of three brochures about indoor radon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00290.x
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Biological Markers in Risk Assessment1 (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Measurements of intermediate end points in the carcinogenic process may reduce uncertainty in human risk assessment from bioassay data, by identifying sources of interspecies variation and dose nonlinearity. This paper describes desirable properties of such markers: persistence, predictive power, temporal relevance, and consistency across dose rate and species. We illustrate these properties by evaluating markers for squamous cell nasal carcinoma in rodents exposed to formaldehyde. We also discuss design issues for bioassays that evaluate markers and tumors simultaneously at necropsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00292.x
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perception of Risks From Electromagnetic Fields: A Psychometric Evaluation of a Risk-Communication Approach (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Potential health risks from exposure to power-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) have become an issue of significant public concern. This study evaluates a brochure designed to communicate EMF health risks from a scientific perspective. The study utilized a pretest-posttest design in which respondents judged various sources of EMF (and other) health and safety risks, both before reading the brochure and after. Respondents assessed risks on dimensions similar to those utilized in previous studies of risk perception. In addition, detailed ratings were made that probed respondents’ beliefs about the possible causal effects of EMF exposure. The findings suggest that naive beliefs about the potential of EMF exposure to cause harm were highly influenced by specific content elements of the brochure. The implications for using risk-communication approaches based on communicating scientific uncertainty are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00293.x
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