ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Notizen: Communities of all sizes now have the ability to gain access to theInternet for minimal costs. Access to the Internet has created a kind ofglobal "infomarketplacerdquo; by making business information and expertadvice readily available. Communities can take advantage of thislow-cost accessibility to spur local economic development andentrepreneurship through collaboration with experts. Communities needto consider what level of Internet connectivity best meets their needs,in view of the cost/benefit ratio of Internet access. Issues andbarriers to be dealt with include profit motives, teleliteracy, andtechnofear.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798795

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72

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NCSA Mosaic: A Global Hypermedia System (1994)

Andreessen, Marc ; Bina, Eric

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 7-17

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: This paper reports on an Internet-based system for hypermediainformation discovery and retrieval and wide-area distributedasynchronous collaboration designed and built at the National Center forSupercomputing Applications (NCSA). The system, called NCSA Mosaic,integrates cleanly into existing Internet protocols, formats, datasources, and environments, and provides powerful new capabilities forusing and sharing information across the Internet.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798803

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73

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Networked information in France, 1993: The internet's future (1994)

Kessler, Jack

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 18-30

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: The French are becoming world leaders in networked information. The keyto this development is the immediate access to the general publicprovided by their national Minitel system. New networked libraries arebeing built, existing libraries are going online, and the crisis-riddenFrench publishing industry is looking to networked information for itssalvation. The French approach to networking offers interesting lessonsfor the Internet, not least because the French approach may ultimatelybe considered more attractive than the Internet's for developingnetworked information in Asia and elsewhere

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798812

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74

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InfoMall: an innovative strategy for high-performance computing and communications applications development (1994)

Mills, Kim ; Fox, Geoffrey

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 31-44

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: InfoMall is a program led by the Northeast Parallel Architectures Centerfeaturing a partnership of approximately twenty-four organizations witha plan for accelerating development of the High-Performance Computingand Communications (HPCC) software and systems industry. HPCC is acritical technology where the United States has clear internationalleadership and which will have unprecedented impact on industry,education, society, and defense. The communications component of HPCC iscritical to developing HPCC products. Acceptance of HPCC by thesereal-world sectors has been delayed by the extremely hard problem ofHPCC software development. InfoMall employs a novel technologydevelopment strategy involving closely linked programs in technologyextraction and certification, software development, marketing,education, and training, economic development, and small businesssupport. The process is constructured and explained by analogy to afull-service set of stores in a shopping mall.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798821

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75

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Assessing US Government bulletin boards: problems, policy issues and recommendations (1994)

Bertot, John Carlo ; McClure, Charles R.

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 45-63

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: Federal government agencies increasingly use electronic bulletin boardtechnology as a means of providing access to and dissemination ofelectronic government information. This paper identifies and analyzesexisting government bulletin boards (BBSs). It also assesses the typesof information available to information users on the BBSs as well as thecost and technological access issues involved in federal agency use ofBBSs. Furthermore, the paper presents a typology of bulletin boards.Finally, it discusses information policy implications resulting from BBSdevelopment, especially with regard to access and dissemination ofelectronic government information. These "new" access mechanisms areoften-times difficult to use, are poorly deployed and operated, and mayserve to limit access to some types of government information.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798830

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76

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The Clinton electronic communications project: An experiment in electronic democracy (1994)

Bradley, Diane ; Frederick, Janet

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 64-70

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: The Clinton Electronic Communications Project is the successor to theClinton campaign's e-mail program. The object of the work reported herewas to determine to which White House material posted to the Internet ismore current and comprehensive than information available through moretraditional sources.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798849

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77

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The CICNet rural datafication project: Extending network access and services (1994)

Hankins, John L.

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 71-74

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: The past year has seen increased effort across the country to expandnetworking services in rural areas. This note describes the "ruraldatafication" activities that CICNet, a regional network in the midwest,is currently pursuing.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798858

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78

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Leadership Strategies for Networked Enterprises: A Personal Perspective (1994)

Peters, Paul Evan

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 23-29

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: A rapidly expanding number of organizations have begun to usehigh-performance, completely digital networks, like the Internet, tocoordinate activities and to develop products and services that servevery wide geographic areas. Now, primarily as a result of the ClintonAdministration's National Information Infrastructure initiative, theentire nation has begun to buzz with talk of the whys, wherefores, andhow-tos of making this way to doing business the rule rather than theexception of twenty-first-century life and enterprise. This papersurveys the politics and economics of the contemporary networking scene,and presents four general stratgies for making progress in the currentclimate of great change and uncertainty.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798876

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79

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Seeking equity in the national information infrastructure (1994)

Doctor, Ronald D.

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 9-22

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: Available evidence indicates that there is a growing gap between theinformation rich and information poor. That gap is part of a largerstruggle for control of information resources and for the societal powerthat accompanies such control. New institutional arrangements are neededto spread the benefits of modern information technologies to allsegments of the population. Achieving social equity objectives requiresgovernmental leadership and funding. But current legislative proposalsfor shaping the National Information Infrastructure (NII) lack clearstatements as to how the social equity objectives enunciated by thePresident and Vice President would be accomplished. These proposals seemto make insufficient provision for expanding the development of morethan 150 computerized community information systems (CCIS) created bygrass-roots organizations over the past several years. Locallycontrolled information delivery systems supported by a federallysponsored system of National and Regional Institutes for InformationDemocracy could help meet the daily information needs of all people,regardless of economic class or community environment. The Instituteswould provide sustained support for anc coordination of social equityand empowerment objectives, and could servie as the institutionalstructures lacking in current legislation

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798867

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80

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The Ethics of Research in Cyberspace (1994)

Jones, Robert Alun

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 30-35

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: As computers, the Internet, online digital resources, and eventually theNational Information Infrastructure become increasingly important in ourlives, the study of the use of these technologies has become one of thefastest growing areas in social science. This research is important,but, like any kind of social science involving the study of humansubjects, it raises questions of ethics and human dignity. Most majorresearch universities have guidelines for this kind of scholarship,based on the Nuremberg Code and/or the Belmont Principles. But researchin cyberspace was clearly not on the minds of those drafting theseguidelines. Some of the difficulties produced by this tension betweentraditional guidelines and new technologies are discussed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798894

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81

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Adaptive computing and the internet: One step forward, two steps back? (1994)

Lazzaro, Joseph J.

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 2-8

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: Advances in adaptive computing technology provide opportunities forpeople with disabilities to access information and participate insociety. But some networking tools, especially those based on graphicaluser interfaces, threaten to erode the accessibility of electronicresources. This paper offers a brief overview of adaptive technology forcomputers and networking and identifies a number of issues that must beaddressed in order for people with disabilities to become fullparticipants in online activities.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798902

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82

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A learning organization perspective on training: Critical success factors for Internet implementation (1994)

Hert, Carol A.

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 36-44

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: This paper argues that training is a critical success factor for theimplementation of the Internet in organizations. Given the Internet'spotential for transforming organizations, it is imperative that wedevelop training that goes beyond the teaching of Internet skills andinstead enables trainees to become active participants in the strategicplanning process. This perspective on training is termed the learningorganization perspective. A number of conceptual areas are suggested asrelevant to the development of the necessary training and the associatedtheoretical perspective. It is hoped that this initial articulation ofthe critical role of training will provide the impetus for others toexpand on the perspective and its actual implementation in organizations

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798885

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83

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Notes from the grassroots: online lobbying in Canada (1994)

Yerxa, Shawn W. ; Moll, Marita

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 9-19

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: The Public Advisory Council on Information Highway Policy (PACIHP)project is discussed in terms of activities, difficulties, successes,impact, motivations, and background. This paper is presented in twoparts. The first part details how project organizers have attempted toinvolve the online community in the policy-making process, thetechniques used, and the community's and policymakers' response to theinitiative. Some preliminary observations about the project's impact arealso discussed. The second part presents an overview of the Canadianregulatory and political environment. The specific trends identifiedhave contributed to the authors' concerns, providing some of themotivation for the project. In conclusion, thoughts on the future ofcomputer-mediated communication and its potential for democratizingpolitics are presented.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798911

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84

Digitale Medien

Wired Warp and Woof: An Ethnographic Study of a Networking Class (1994)

Rice-Lively, Mary Lynn

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 20-35

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: This paper describes an ethnographic study of the electronic communityformed during an intensive summer school seminar on networking. Theseminar, conducted in a mostly electronic environment, was comprised ofmaster's and doctoral students involved in various fields of study.Ethnographic research techniques facilitated the observation anddescription of the actions and events of this networked learningcommunity, where events reflect both individual personalities and sharedknowledge. This exploration of the cultural meanings of classpedagogical events led to an enhanced understanding of both the natureof the online educational environment and the applicability ofethnographic research techniques to networked communities.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798920

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85

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Use and Users of a Congressman's Network Information Services (1994)

Corman, Steven R.

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 36-51

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: A growing movement toward public access to the federal government viathe Internet has created increased interest in establishing networkcommunications and information services, especially among nationalofficeholders. However, little empirical study of the use and users ofsuch services exists to guide their efforts This paper reports resultsof a two-part study of the use and users of US Representative SamCoppersmith's (D - Arizona 1) Gopher and distribution list servicesduring the first quarter of 1994. The first part analyzes Gopher usagedata gathered during the study period. The second part detials with auser survey distributed to fifty-seven Gopher server guest registrantsand eighty listserv subscribers just after the end of the study period.The research shows that (1) use of the Gopher subdirectory dwarfs thatof the listserv, (2) services like Coppersmith's should provide basicinformation, as well as unique and timely information and issue positionstatements, (3) assessment of such services is methodologicallychallenging, and (4) Coppersmith's services are effective informationmedia that promote observability of distant officeholders, a functionthat helps promote increased participation in government.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798939

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86

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Civic networking in the United States: A report by Columbia University students (1994)

Molz, R. Kathleen

Bingley : Emerald

Internet research 4 (1994), S. 52-62

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ISSN: 1066-2243

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: During the 1994 spring semester, twelve students, enrolled in ColumbiaUniversity's graduate program in public policy and administration andexplored the new phenomenon of civic networking for a workshop inapplied public policy analysis. Each workshop is required to besponsored by a governmental client, which in this case was the USNational Commission on Libraries and Information Science. The commissionwas interested in ascertaining the range of activities sponsored by thenetworks and in determining their involvement or lack of involvementwith local public libraries. Participating in this project wererepresentatives of twenty-four civic networks, who answered telephonequeries covering a range of topics dealing with network services, users,goals, funding, governance, technical design, social benefits,government information provision, evaluation, and definition. This papersummarizes the findings of the students' investigation.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249410798948

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87

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Boundary Disputes:: Negotiating the Boundary between the Technical and the Social in the Development of IT Systems (1994)

Bloomfield, Brian P. ; Vurdubakis, Theo

Bradford : Emerald

Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 9-24

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ISSN: 0959-3845

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik , Sociologie

Notizen: Discusses the problematic nature of the boundary between the"technical" and the "social" and its consequences in respect ofunderstanding the relationship between technological and organizationalchange. Illustrates the argument using material drawn from research onthe implementation of a hospital information system and an R&D project todevelop a knowledge-based system to assist the implementation ofstrategic change.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074007

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88

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Information Technology and the Family: Electronic Surveillance and Home Imprisonment (1994)

Aungles, Ann ; Cook, David

Bradford : Emerald

Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 69-80

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ISSN: 0959-3845

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik , Sociologie

Notizen: The development of information technologies has led to the restructuringof the boundaries within and between organizations in a number of areasof social life. Examines the impact of a specific form of informationtechnology being introduced in the field of punishment and control– the electronic monitoring of sentenced offenders. Electronicsurveillance and home imprisonment are features of the currentrestructuring of the boundaries between prison, work and family life. Itis both the physical and the cultural boundaries between "home" and"prison" that are being readjusted. Over the past 200 years these twospheres of social life have been constructed around incompatible sets ofvalues. However the complex contradictions involved in making theboundaries between these two spheres more permeable have not been fullyexplored in current penal discourses.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074034

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89

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Confounding Effects of Construct Overlap:: An Example from IS User Satisfaction Theory (1994)

Zmud, Robert W. ; Sampson, James P. ; Reardon, Robert C. ; [weitere]

Bradford : Emerald

Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 29-45

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ISSN: 0959-3845

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik , Sociologie

Notizen: Theoretical constructs serve important roles in facilitating informationand knowledge flows among, between and within information systemsresearchers and practitioners. In order for the benefits of constructsto be fully exploited, they must be appropriately applied andoperationalized. Describes a controlled field study, examining users'satisfaction with a decision support system, undertaken to point out thedangers of misapplying constructs and their measurement scales.Particular consideration is given to the risks associated with the useof general instruments in situations where more narrowly focused andcontext-specific instruments are preferred.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074061

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90

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The "Modernisation" of the Australian Taxation Office:: Issues in Participatory Design in Large Organizations (1994)

Segall, Patsy ; Cebalo, Michael ; Jolly, Cath ; [weitere]

Bradford : Emerald

Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 19-36

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ISSN: 0959-3845

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik , Sociologie

Notizen: The difficulties in designing and implementing successful technologicalsystems which support business objectives, good work practices and highquality outcomes are well known. Discusses the "modernisation" of theAustralian Taxation Office - an ambitious ten-year programme oforganizational and tech-nological change - which has its origins in theneed for re-equipment and the recognition that the new systems mustsupport the way in which the Taxation Office would work in the future.Review of the programme mid-term shows considerable success, but alsoareas where it has been difficult to achieve some of the aims. In spiteof the participatory framework, participants tend to feel thattechnology has driven the process, rather than business or workplacerequirements. In particular, some initiatives have impacted negativelyon workers, and it has been difficult to integrate the implementation ofnew systems with the design of better work practices. Recognition ofthese problems has encouraged the development of new approaches to workand systems design, and considerable further organizational andstructural change.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076681

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91

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Human Identification in Information Systems: Management Challenges and Public Policy Issues (1994)

Clarke, Roger

Bradford : Emerald

Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 6-37

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ISSN: 0959-3845

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik , Sociologie

Notizen: Many information systems involve data about people. In order reliably toassociate data with particular individuals, it is necessary that aneffective and efficient identification scheme be established andmaintained. There is remarkably little in the information technologyliterature concerning human identification. Seeks to overcome thatdeficiency by undertaking a survey of human identity and humanidentification. Discusses techniques including names, codes,knowledge-based and token-based identification, and biometrics.Identifies the key challenge to management as being to devise a schemewhich is practicable and economic, and of sufficiently high integrity toaddress the risks the organization confronts in its dealings withpeople. Proposes that much greater use be made of schemes which aredesigned to afford people anonymity, or which enable them to usemultiple identities or pseudonyms, while at the same time protecting theorganization's own interest. Describes multi-purpose and inhabitantregistration schemes, and notes the recurrence of proposals to implementand extend them. Identifies public policy issues. Of especial concern isthe threat to personal privacy that the general-purpose use of aninhabitant registrant scheme represents. Speculates that, where suchschemes are pursued energetically, the reaction may be strong enough tothreaten the social fabric.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076799

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92

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Social Choice about Privacy: Intelligent Vehicle-highway Systems in the United States (1994)

Agre, Philip E. ; Harbs, Christine A.

Bradford : Emerald

Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 63-90

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ISSN: 0959-3845

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik , Sociologie

Notizen: Broad coalitions of companies, governments, and research institutions inseveral countries are currently designing massive electronicinfrastructures for their roadways. Known collectively as intelligentvehicle-highway systems (IVHS), these technologies are intended to easetoll collection and commercial vehicle regulation, provide drivers withroute and traffic information, improve safety and ultimately supportfully automated vehicles. Although many aspects of IVHS are uncertain,some proposed designs require the system to collect vast amounts of dataon individuals' travel patterns, thus raising the potential for severeinvasions of privacy. To make social choices about IVHS, it is necessaryto reason about potentials for authoritarian uses of an IVHSinfrastructure in the hypothetical future. Yet such reasoning isdifficult, often veering towards Utopian or dystopian extremes. To helpanchor the privacy debate, places IVHS privacy concerns in aninstitutional context, offering conceptual frameworks to discuss thepotential interactions between IVHS technologies and the computer designprofession, standards-setting bodies, marketing organizations, the legalsystem and government administrative agencies.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076825

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93

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Dataveillance by Governments: The Technique of Computer Matching (1994)

Clarke, Roger

Bradford : Emerald

Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 46-85

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ISSN: 0959-3845

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik , Sociologie

Notizen: Computer matching is a mass surveillance technique involving thecomparison of data about many people, which have been acquired frommultiple sources. Its use offers potential benefits, particularlyfinancial savings. It is also error-prone, and its power results inthreats to established patterns and values. The imperatives ofefficiency and equity demand that computer matching be used, and theinformation privacy interest demands that it be used only wherejustified, and be subjected to effective controls. Provides backgroundto this important technique, including its development and applicationin the USA and in Australia, and a detailed technical description.Contends that the technique, its use, and controls over its use are veryimportant issues which demand research. Computing, telecommunicationsand robotics artefacts which have the capacity to change societyradically need to be subjected to early and careful analysis, not onlyby sociologists, lawyers and philosophers, but also by informationtechnologists themselves.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074070

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94

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The Use of Information Technology to Achieve Accurate Pricing in Agricultural Commodity Markets in Japan (1994)

Matsuda, Tomoyoshi

Bradford : Emerald

Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 37-49

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ISSN: 0959-3845

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik , Sociologie

Notizen: At one level, the function of a marketplace is to enable sellers andbuyers to meet, to agree to terms and conditions, and effect contracts.At another level, however, a marketplace is a mechanism for ensuringthat information which might affect the terms and conditions is readilyavailable to all participants, so that the pricing for sales will not beunduly influenced by participants with special information or otheradvantages, but rather will approach the theoretical price at which themarket will settle. Information technology is increasingly being appliedto support the exchange of goods and services. It may be used simply toautomate existing practices. Alternatively, the introduction oftechnology into the market may provide an opportunity to rationalize thearrangements. In some instances, however, the implementation of IT maybe grasped as a strategic weapon, by a buyer, a seller, or by anorganization which provides marketplace services to buyers and sellers.Considers another kind of strategic use of IT in relation tomarketplaces. This is the enforcement of fairness in the setting ofprices, by drawing participants into a marketplace in which keydifferences in market power are equalized. Evaluates the outcomes of anelectronic exchange supporting trading in chilled and frozen meat.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004027

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95

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Touching Big Brother: How Biometric Technology Will Fuse Flesh and Machine (1994)

Davies, Simon G.

Bradford : Emerald

Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 38-47

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ISSN: 0959-3845

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik , Sociologie

Notizen: The evolution of information technology is likely to result in intimateinterdependence between humans and technology. This fusion has beencharacterized in popular science fiction as chip implantation. It is,however, more likely to take the form of biometric identification usingsuch technologies as fingerprints, hand geometry and retina scanning.Some applications of biometric identification technology are nowcost-effective, reliable and highly accurate. As a result, biometricsystems are being developed in many countries for such purposes associal security entitlement, payments, immigration control and electionmanagement. Whether or not biometry delivers on its promise ofhigh-quality identification, it will imperil individual autonomy.Widespread application of the technologies would conflict withcontemporary values, and result in a class of outcasts.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076807

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96

Digitale Medien

Programmed Innovation? Trajectories of Change in Software Development (1994)

Quintas, Paul

Bradford : Emerald

Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 25-47

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ISSN: 0959-3845

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik , Sociologie

Notizen: Explores the idea of trajectories of innovation in software development.Patterns of Innovation are analysed within social and institutionalcontexts, and within the context of changes in the ways computertechnology is used. Three main trajectories of innvation in softwaredevelopment are discussed: technical change (e.g. languages, techniques,tools, methods); organizational and managerial change; andcommodification (the substitution of packaged products for customdevelopment). Sub-trajectories are also described. Concludes that thescope and heterogeneity of software development activity has supportedthe formation of a number of different and competing trajectories whichlead to quite different conclusions about the future of softwaredevelopment.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074016

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97

Digitale Medien

Promoting Health and Welfare: The Challenge for Information Technology?: A Strategic Agenda for Enabling Disabled People (1994)

Lai, On-Kwok

Bradford : Emerald

Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 81-99

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ISSN: 0959-3845

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik , Sociologie

Notizen: The question of how to enable disabled and disadvantaged people viainformation technology (IT) represents one of the challenges facing mostdeveloping countries in the coming decade. Examines the feasibility of,and argues for, an approach to health and welfare promotion centred onthe enabling potential of IT. Describes the contextual specificity ofthe Asian (which is a highly differentiated) experience in state welfareand health provision. Based on some comparative findings and projectedscenarios in East Asian countries, explores the challenge andopportunity for IT in this enabling process. The IT-based promotionalstrategies are outlined and discussed; it is argued that theeffectiveness of IT applications in this process is contingent on thevariables embedded in the technology--the risks associated withtechnological development as well as the underlying socio-politicalstructure. Ends with remarks on the role of IT in global welfare andhealth promotion in the 1990s.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074043

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98

Digitale Medien

Boundaries and Quandaries: Establishing a Professional Context for IT (1994)

Shapiro, Stuart

Bradford : Emerald

Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 48-68

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ISSN: 0959-3845

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik , Sociologie

Notizen: The professionalization of IT has long been complicated by disagreementover the appropriate model to employ. Physicians, lawyers, scientists,engineers, artisans, and artists have all one been invoked at one timeor another by one group or another as guiding examples for thedevelopment of an IT profession. Yet none of these has proved fullyconvincing. Discusses the different kinds of professional practice whichhave been likened to IT, considers why it has proved so difficult tosettle on a single one, and suggests an alternative way ofconceptualizing IT practice.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074025

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99

Digitale Medien

Running the Network: Supporting Co-operative Systems (1994)

Bowers, John ; Pycock, James ; Rodden, Tom ; [weitere]

Bradford : Emerald

Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 7-28

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ISSN: 0959-3845

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik , Sociologie

Notizen: Commercial software systems intended to support the work of groups arenow freely available. However, uptake of these systems has beenrelatively poor and limited user experience has been reported. Presentssome experiences from a study of a network that explicitly aims toinvestigate the effectiveness of computer-supported co-operative work(CSCW) tools. Focuses on the currently hidden cost of managing thenetwork. Also explores the implications for CSCW systems development byoutlining an exploration of support for the management of a CSCWnetwork.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074052

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100

Digitale Medien

Networked Information Resources:: Electronic Opportunities for Users and Librarians (1994)

Klobas, Jane E.

Bradford : Emerald

Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 5-18

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ISSN: 0959-3845

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Informatik , Sociologie

Notizen: Many of the activities people perform with the Internet are new, andpossibly could not have been conceived before the network becameavailable. Describes innovative uses of the Internet by staff of twoAustralian universities. While the Internet provides opportunities forcommunication among its users, it poses challenges to the computing andinformation systems professionals who support them. It also presentslibrarians with the opportunity to apply their established skills aseducators, information managers, custodians, information providers, andchange agents in their work with Internet users.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076672

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