ALBERT

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Section 1: Overview Features of Polar Regions Relevant to Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry / L. A Barrie Climatology of Arctic and Antarctic Tropospheric Ozone / S. J. Oltmans Polar Sunrise Studies / J. Bottenheim Section II: Tropospheric Oxidants Modelling Meteorology and Transport of Air Masses in Arctic Regions / T. Iversen Impact of Global NOx Sources on the Northern Latitudes / H. Levy II, W. J. Moxim and P S. Kasibhatla Ozone Depletion During Polar Sunrise / J. C. McConnell, G. S. Henderson Section Ill: Field Studies Relationship Between Anthropogenic Nitrogen Oxides and Ozone Trends in the Arctic Troposphere / D. Jaffe Halocarbons in the Arctic and Antarctic Atmosphere / W. T. Sturges Measurements of Hydrocarbons in Polar Maritime Air Masses / S. A Penkett Carbon Monoxide and Light Alkanes as Tropospheric Tracers of Anthropogenic Ozone / D. D. Parrish Atmospheric Distribution of NO, 03, CO, and CH4 above the North Atlantic Based on the STRATOZ Ill Flight / D. H. Ehhalt, F. Rohrer and A Wahner Spectroscopic Measurement of Bromine, Oxide, Ozone, and Nitrous Acid in Alert / M. Hausmann, T. Rudolf, and U. Platt Ice Core Analysis in Arctic and Antarctic Regions / M. Legrand Record of Atmospheric Oxidant from Polar Ice Cores Over the past 100,000 Years: Dream or Real Possibility? / A Neftel and K. Fuhrer Section V: Marine Sources and Sinks Sources of Organobromines to the Arctic Atmosphere / R. Moore, R. Tokarczyk and C. Geen Hydrocarbons Emission from the Ocean / B. Bonsang Cycle of Tropospheric Phosgene / T.P. Kindler, W. L. Chameides, P. H. Wine, D. Cunnold, F. Alyea Session VI: Laboratory Studies of Heterogeneous Reactions Chemical Interactions of Tropospheric Halogens on Snow/Ice / M. J. Molina Reactions of Halogens Species on Ice Surfaces / D. R. Hanson and A. R. Ravishankara Heterogeneous Reactions of Chlorine Compounds / C. Zetzsch and W. Behnke Liquid Phase Photochemistry in Relation to Tropospheric Chemistry of Halogens / J. A Lavigne and C. H. Langford Session Vll: Homogeneous Gas-phase Reactions Ozone HOx Photochemistry in the Troposphere - Latitudinal Dependence of Reaction Rates / R. A Cox ClO + ClO → Products: A Case Study in Halogen Monoxide Disproportionation and Recombination Reactions / S. P. Sander, S. L. Nickolaisen and R. R. Friedl Thermal Stability of Peroxynitrates / K. H. Becker, F. Kirchner and F. Zabel Temperature Dependence (256-296 K) of the Absorption Cross Sections of Bromoform in the Wavelength Range 285-360 nm / G. K. Moortgat, R. Meller and W. Schneider Oxidation of Organic Sulfur Compounds / I. Barnes, K. H. Becker and R. D. Overath Halogen and Sulfur Reactions Relevant to Polar Chemistry / P. H. Wine, J.M. Nicovish, R.E. Stickel and Z. Zhao, C.J. Shackelford, K.D. Kreutter, E.P. Daykin, and S. Wang Reactions of BrO Radicals Relevant to Polar Chemistry / G. Le Bras Comparative Assessment of the Role of lodine Photochemistry in Tropospheric Ozone Depletion / M. E. Jenkin

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD LIST OF AUTHORS AND PARTICIPANTS I - OPERATION OF THE OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE CARBON CYCLE The recent state of carbon cycling through the atmosphere / I. Levin Glacial ocean carbon cycle modeling / Ch. Heinze Glacial-interglacial changes in continental weathering: possible implication for atmospheric CO2 / G. Munhoven and L.M.François II - VARIATIONS OF THE OCEANS CARBON RESERVOIR: FAUNAL VERSUS GEOCHEMCAL RECORDS The relationship between surface water masses, oceanographic fronts and paleoclimatic proxies in surface sediments of the Greenland, Iceland, Norwegian Seas / T. Johannessen, E. Jansen, A. Flatrøy, A. C. Ravelo. - Is there a relationship between atmospheric CO2 and manganese in the ocean? / A. Mangini, H.-J. Rutsch, M. Frank, A. Eisenhauer, J.-D. Eckhardt Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and the δ13C-signal in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean: glacial-to-interglacial contrasts / A. Mackensen, H. Grobe, H.-W. Hubberten, G. Kuhn Foraminiferal population dynamics and stable carbon isotopes / Ch. Hemleben and J. Bijma A comparison of carbon isotopes and cadmium in the modern and glacial maximum ocean: can we account for the discrepancies? / E. A. Boyle Tracer-nutrient correlations in the upper ocean: observational and box model constraints on the use of benthic foraminiferal δ13C and Cd/Ca as paleo-proxies for the intermediate-depth ocean / R. Zahn and R. Keir IIΙ - GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE ORGANIC SEDIMENT FRACTION: CONSTRAINTS ON THE BIOLOGICAL CARBON PUMP Possible early diagenetic alteration of palaeo proxies / G.J. De Lange, B. Van Os, P.A. Pruysers, J.J. Middelburg, D. Castradori, P. Van Santvoort, P.J. Müller, H. Eggenkamp, F.G. Prahl Nitrogen isotope fractionation in the modern ocean: implications for the sedimentary record / J. P. Montoya The use of nitrogen isotopic ratio for reconstruction of past changes in surface ocean nutrient utilization / M.A. Altabet and R. Francois Variations in sedimentary organic δ13C as a proxy for past changes in ocean and atmospheric CO2 concentrations / G. H. Rau Reconstruction of paleoceanic PCO2 levels from carbon isotopic compositions of sedimentary biogenic components /J.P. Jasper and J.M. Hayes Late Quaternary PCO2 variations in the Angola Current: evidence from organic carbon δ13C and alkenone temperatures / P.J. Müller, R. Schneider, G. Ruhland PCO2 variations of equatorial surface water over the last 330,000 years: the δ13C record of organic carbon / L. Westerhausen, M. Sarnthein, U. Struck, H. Erlenkeuser, J. Poynter IV - GEOCHEMICAL AND MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL INDEXES OF PALEO-PRODUCTIVITY Paleoproductivity: flux proxies versus nutrient proxies and other problems concerning the Quaternary productivity record / W.H. Berger, J.C. Herguera, C.B. Lange, R. Schneider From modern flux to paleoflux: assessment from sinking assemblages to thanatocoenosis / K. Takahashi Late Quaternary paleoproductivity variations in the NE and equatorial Atlantic: diatom and Corg evidence / F. Abrantes, K. Winn, M. Sarnthein Glacial-Holocene paleoproductivity off western Australia: a comparison of proxy records / D.C. McCorkle, H. H. Veeh, D.J. Heggie Nutrient, mixing and export indices: A 250 Kyr paleoproductivity record from the western equatorial Pacific / J.C. Herguera Dinoflagellate cysts as paleoproductivity indicators: state of the art, potential, and limits / B. Dale and A. Fjeliså Deep-sea benthic foraminifers: food and bottom water masses / D. Schnitker The history of barium, biogenic silica and organic carbon accumulation in the Weddell Sea and Antarctic Ocean over the last 150,000 years / G. Shimmield, S. Derrick, A. Mackensen, H. Grobe, C. Pudsey SUBJECT INDEX

Note: Contents 1 Scope / G. Matthess 2 Polar Organic Substances and Their Role in the Water-Saturated and -Unsaturated Zones 2.0 Introduction / F.H. Frimmel 2.1 Isolation Procedures and Characterization Methods 2.1.1 Isolation and General Characterization of Organic Acids from Pore Water / F.H. Frimmel 2.1.2 Isolation and Characterization of Soil Humic Matter / W. Finger, B. Post and H. Klamberg 2.1.3 Isolation and Characterization of Organic Substancesin Ground Water and Sediments / F. Selenka and A. Hack 2.1.4 Chromatographie Characterization of the Acid-Soluble Part of Humic Substances / F.H. Frimmel 2.1.5 Spectroscopic Characterization of Humic Substances in the Ultraviolet and Visible Region and by Infrared Spectroscopy / G. Abbt-Braun 2.1.6 Temperature-Programmed/Time-Resolved Pyrolysis Field lonization Mass Spectrometry - a New Method for the Characterization of Humic Substances / H.-R. Schulten 2.1.7 Interpretation of the Pyrolysis Products of Isolated Humic and Fulvic Acids / G. Abbt-Braun 2.1.8 Characterization of Isolated Humic Material by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy /J. Buddrus and P. Burba 2.1.9 Characterization of Humic Substances Extracted by Organic Solvents / B. Post and H. Klamberg 2.2 Interaction of Inorganics with Humic Substances 2.2.1 Investigation of Metal Complexation by Polarography and Fluorescence Spectroscopy / F.H. Frimmel 2.2.2 Determination of Complexation Equilibria by the Ion-Exchange Method / W. Finger and H. Klamberg 2.2.3 Sorption of Metals on Humic Material / R. Becker and H. Klamberg 2.2.4 Interactions of Humic Substances with Iodine / K. G. Heumann and C. Reifenhäuser 2.2.5 Experiments on the Influence of Organic Ligands upon Kinetics of Feldspar Weathering / A. Petersen, G. Matthess and D. Schenk 2.3 Characterization of Some Organic Acids in the Subsurface of the Sandhausen Ecosystem / T. Cordt and H. Kussmaul 2.3.4 Organic Acids 2.3.5 Conclusions 3 Carbonate Systems 3.0 Introduction / E. Usdowski 3.1 Dissolution Kinetics in the Generation of Carbonate Ground Waters 3.1.1 Theoretical and Experimental Results of the Kinetics of Calcite Dissolution and Precipitation / W. Dreybrodt 3.1.2 Field Measurements and Laboratory Experiments on Calcite Dissolution Kinetics of Natural Porous Media / J. Baumann and H.D. Schulz 3.2 Field Studies on Subsurface Water of Selected Sites / B. Merkel and J. Grossmann 3.2.1 Pore Water Sampling in Carbonate Terrains 3.2.2 Variation of Inorganic Carbon in the Unsaturated Zone of a Carbonate Gravel System / L. Eichinger and B. Merkel 3.2.3 Isotope Geochemistry of the Subsurface Carbonate System in Sandhausen and Bocholt / H. Dörr, W. Leuchs, P. Obermann, W. Regenberg and C. Sonntag 3.2.4 Application of Stable Carbon and Sulfur Isotope Models to the Development of Ground Water in a Limestone-Dolomite-Anhydrite-Gypsum Area / K.W. Schaefer and E. Usdowski 3.2.5 A dissolution Front at the Contact of Sandsto Marly Limestone Aquifers / H.R. Langguth and R. Schulz 3.2.6 Carbonate Rock Dissolution Under Intermediate System Conditions / J. Michaelis 3.3 Alteration in Karst Systems 3.3.1 Mineralogy and Hydrogeochemistry of the Gypsum Karst of Foum Tatahouine, South Tunisia / W. Smykatz-Kloss, H. Hötzl and H. Kössl 3.3.2 Dedolomitization and Salt Formationin a Semi-Arid Environment / W. Smykatz-Kloss, and J. Goebelbecker 3.3.3 Transformation Processes in Paleokarst Sediments and Chemistry of Modern Waters in the Aladag Region, Turkey / M. Cevrini and W. Echle 4 Silicate Systems 4.0 Introduction / G. Matthess 4.1 Redox Reactions in the Subsurface 4.1.1 Anoxic Reaction Zones in an Aquifer Influenced by Increasing Nitrate and Sulfate Contents / W. Leuchs and P. Obermann 4.1.2 Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopes as Indicators for Nitrification and Denitrification / H.-L. Schmidt, S. Voerkelius and A. Amberger 4.1.3 Redox Conditions and Microbial Sulfur Reactions in the Fuhrberger Field Sandy Aquifer / J. Böttcher, O. Strebet and W. Kölle 4.1.4 Influence of Fine-Grained Cover Beds on the Chemistry of Shallow Ground Water / G. Ebhardt and P. Fritsch 4.1.5 Hydrogeochemical Processes During the Passage of Surface Water and Ground Water Through Genetically Different Organic Sediments / H. Brühl, A. Moschick and H. Verleger 4.1.6 Hydrochemical Phenomena in the Dorsten Leakage System / M. Hoffmann, H.R. Langguth and J. Larue 4.1.7 Hydrogeochemical Processes in the Hamburg Deep Aquifer System / E.P. Loehnert, W. Bauhus and C. Sonntag 4.2 Rock-Water Interaction 4.2.1 Aluminium Speciation in Acid Soil Water and Ground Water / G. Dietze and B. Ulrich 4.2.2 Mineral-Pore Water Interaction in Two Soil Types on Pleistocene Sediments at Hamburg / F. Sztuka and I. Valeton 4.2.3 Subsurface Hydrochemical Reactions in the Sandhausen Forest Ecosystem / H. Jacob, W. Regenberg and C. Sonntag 4.3 Reaction Kinetics 4.3.1 Experimental Methods for Determining Dissolution Rates of Silicates - a Comparison / D. Schenk, G. Matthess, A. Dahmke and A. Petersen 4.3.2 Field Studies on the Kinetics of Silicate Minerals/Water Interaction / G. Matthess, A. Petersen, D. Schenk and A. Dahmke 5 Microbiology 5.0 Introduction / P. Hirsch 5.1 Characterization of the Natural Subsurface Environment 5.1.1 Morphological and Taxonomic Diversity of Ground Water Microorganisms / P. Hirsch, E. Rades-Rohkohl, J. Kölbel-Boelke and A. Nehrkorn 5.1.2 Methods of Studying Ground Water Microbiology: Critical Evaluations and Method suggestions / P. Hirsch, E. Rades-Rohkohl, J. Kölbel-Boelke, A. Nehrkorn, R. Schweisfurth, F. Selenka and A. Hack 5.1.3 Organic Substances in Ground Water and Sediments and Their Relationships to Microorganisms in a Sandy Aquifer / E Selenka and A. Hack 5.2 Microbial Activities 5.2.1 Observations on the Physiology of Microorganisms from Pristine Ground Water Environments / P. Hirsch 5.2.2 Formation and Transformation of Manganese Oxidation States by Bacteria / J. Gottfreund and R. Schweisfurth 5.2.3 Interactions Between Humic Acids and Microorganisms / G.-J. Tuschewitzki, B. Langer and H. Otremba 5.3 Microbiology of Selected Locations 5.3.1 Subsurface Microbial Activities in the Sandhausen Forest Ecosystem / R. Weyandt and R. Schweisfurth 5.3.2 Heterotrophic Bacterial Communities in the Bocholt Aquifer System / J. Kölbel-Boelke and A. Nehrkorn 5.3.3 The Natural Microflora of the Segeberger Forest Aquifer System / P. Hirsch and E. Rades-Rohkohl 5.3.4 Microbiological Observations of the Unsaturated Zone of a Quaternary Gravel Profile / I. Alexander, G. Freitag, J. Grossmann, Β. Merkel, P. Udluft and I. Ullsperger 6 Hydrogeochemical and Geochemical-Hydraulic Models and Model Concepts 6.0 Introduction / H.-D. Schulz 6.1 Hydrogeochemical Models and Concepts 6.1.1 Development of Secondary Permeability of a Fracture Aquifer in Carbonate Rocks: a Model / W. Dreybrodt 6.1.2 Some Aspects of Modelling the Carbon System in the Unsaturated Zone / B. Merkel, L. Eichinger and P. Udluft 6.1.3 Methodical Concepts in Silicate-Water Interaction - a Comparison of Results / A. Dahmke, G. Matthess, A. Petersen and D. Schenk 6.2 Combination of Transport and Geochemical Reactions 6.2.1 Water Movement and Geochemical Reactions in the Unsaturated Zone of Sands with Low Calcite Contents / H.-D. Schulz 6.2.2 Physical and Biochemical Processes Affecting Mass Transport in the Bocholt Aquifer System / C. Bugner and R. Mull 6.2.3 Tritium and 3He Measurements as Calibration Data for Ground Water Transport Models / H. Dörr, P. Schlosser, M. Stute and C. Sonntag 6.2.4 39Ar-, 85Kr-, 3He- and 3H Isotope Dating of Ground Water in the Bocholt and Segeberger Forst Aquifer Systems / M. Forster, H. Loosli and S. Weise 6.2.5 Modelling of Mass Balance and of Microbial Transformations in the Fuhrberger Feld Sandy Aquifer / O. Strebet, J. Böttcher and W.H.M. Duynisveld 6.3 Description of Geochemical Environments with Thermodynamic Equilibrium Models / M. Rolling and H.-D. Schulz 6