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  • Articles  (80)
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  • Springer  (80)
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  • 1990-1994  (80)
  • Medicine  (80)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 682-685 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Lobster ; ecdysis ; molting behavior ; heart ; stomach ; cardiac inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To study the molting behavior of the spiny lobster, electrical activity of the heart, stomach and skeletal muscles was recorded using in-dwelling electrodes. For 1–2 h before molting the heart rate gradually increases. At the same time shorter trains of stomach burst discharges frequently occur. The heart rate then declines and burst discharges of skeletal muscles begin. The skeletal bursts are regularly spaced (10–15 s intervals). A peristalsis pattern of short and long bursts continues for 10–20 min and is terminated by a few bursts corresponding to abdominal flips. The short skeletal burst is followed by a drop in heart rate. Bioassay using the isolated heart suggests that at the final stage of molting the blood contains some substance(s) which inhibit heart beat.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 809-817 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Aplysia ; gastropod ; acetylcholine ; serotonin ; R15α peptides ; heart ; vascular system ; respiratory system ; feeding ; arousal ; kidney ; co-localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neural network that controls the cardiovascular system ofAplysia adapts cardiovascular function to a variety of different physiological and behavioral situations. It (1) coordinates the cardiovascular system with the renal and respiratory systems; (2) modifies both systemic and regional blood flow during food-elicited arousal and feeding; and (3) changes the tension of longitudinal vascular muscle to adapt the arterial tree to changes in body shape. Indirect evidence suggests that the cardiovascular control circuit may also play a role in maintaining homeostasis during egg laying. Several putative neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, serotonin, R15α1 and R15α2 peptides, have been localized to identified neurons in this circuit.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 33 (1994), S. 136-145 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Zinkmangel ; Zwangsernährung ; Fettsäurezusammensetzung ; Lipide ; Herz ; Gehirn ; Ratte ; Zinc deficiency ; force feeding ; fatty acid composition ; lipids ; heart ; brain ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The present study investigated the effect of zinc deficiency on lipid concentrations and fatty acid composition of heart and brain in force-fed rats receiving either a diet with coconut oil and safflower oil (86 : 14, w/w) or a diet with fish oil and safflower oil (91 : 9, w/w). Four groups of growing male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 11,6 g of a semisynthetic diet containing either 0,8 mg Zn/kg or 111 mg Zn/kg with either coconut oil and safflower oil or fish oil and safflower oil per day by gastric tube for 10 days. Concentrations of lipids in heart as well as fatty acid composition of heart phospholipids and brain total lipids were determined. Zinc deficient rats fed the coconut oil diet had higher concentrations of triglycerides (16,3 mg/g vs. 9,21 mg/g) and total fatty acids (29,3 mg/g vs. 21,8 mg/g) in heart than control rats fed coconut oil diet, whereas concentrations of phospholipids and total cholesterol were not different between zinc deficient and control rats. Concentrations of lauric acid (12 : 0), myrisitc acid (14 : 0), palmitoleic acid (16 : 1), and oleic acid (18 : 1) were by 65 to 192 % higher in hearts of zinc deficient rats fed coconut oil diet than in control rats fed coconut oil diet. In contrast, concentrations of triglycerides, phospholipids, total cholesterol, and total fatty acids in heart were similar in zinc deficient rats and control rats fed fish oil diet. The fatty acid composition of heart phospholipids was only slightly influenced by zinc deficiency in the rats fed both types of dietary fat. The level of arachidonic acid in phospholipids which may represent desaturation activity was not different in the zinc deficient rats and control rats fed coconut oil diet, and was only slightly reduced in zinc deficient rats fed fish oil diet compared to control rats fed fish oil diet. This finding suggests that zinc deficiency does not impair Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturation of linoleic acid in heart. Concentrations of fatty acids in brain as well as fatty acid composition of brain total lipids was only slightly influenced by zinc deficiency. This suggests that short-term zinc deficiency does not affect fatty acid metabolism of brain.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluß von Zinkmangel auf Lipidgehalte und Fettsäurezusammensetzung von Herz und Gehirn bei zwangsernährten Ratten untersucht, die entweder eine Diät mit Kokosfett und Distelöl (86 : 14, w/w) oder eine Diät mit Fischöl und Distelöl (91 : 9, w/w) erhielten. Vier Versuchsgruppen bestehend aus männlichen, wachsenden Sprague-Dawley Ratten erhielten 10 Tage lang täglich 11,6g einer halbsynthetischen Diät mit einem Zinkgehalt von 0,8 mg/kg bzw. 111 mg/kg und Kokosfett/Distelöl bzw. Fischöl/Distelöl als Diätfett über eine Magenschlundsonde. Als Versuchsparameter wurden die Konzentrationen der Lipide im Herzmuskel, die Fettsäurezusammensetzung der Phospholipide im Herzmuskel und die Fettsäurezusammensetzung der Gesamtlipide im Gehirn bestimmt. Zinkmangeltiere, denen die Kokosfettdiät gefüttert wurde, hatten im Vergleich zu den Kontrolltieren, denen die Kokosfettdiät gefüttert wurde, höhere Konzentrationen an Triglyceriden (16,3 mg/g vs. 9,21 mg/g) und Gesamtfettsäuren (29,3 mg/g vs. 21,8 mg/g) im Herzmuskel, während die Konzentrationen der Phospholipide und des Gesamtcholesterins bei beiden Gruppen gleich waren. Bezüglich der Fettsäuren waren die Konzentrationen der Laurinsäure (12 : 0), der Myristinsäure (14 : 0), der Palmitinsäure (16 : 0), der Palmitoleinsäure (16 : 1) und der Ölsäure (18 : 1) am stärksten erhöht. Die Konzentrationen dieser Fettsäuren im Herzmuskel waren bei den Zinkmangeltieren um 65 % bis 192 % höher als bei den Kontrolltieren. Bei den Zinkmangeltieren, die die Fischöldiät erhielten, waren im Gegensatz dazu die Konzentrationen von Triglyceriden, Phospholipiden, Gesamtcholesterin und Gesamtfettsäuren im Herzmuskel im Vergleich zu den Kontrolltieren, die die Fischöldiät erhielten, unverändert. Die Fettsäurezusammensetzung der Herzphospholipide wurde durch Zinkmangel bei Einsatz beider Diäfette nur geringfügig verändert. Der Anteil der Arachidonsäure in den Phospholipiden, der Aufschluß über eine im Zinkmangel eventuell gestörte Desaturation geben sollte, war bei den Zinkmangeltieren, denen die Kokosfettdiät gefüttert wurde, nicht verändert und bei den Zinkmangeltieren, denen die Fischöldiät gefüttert wurde, nur geringfügig vermindert (11,7 % vs. 12,7 %). Dieser Befund läßt darauf schließen, daß Zinkmangel keine wesentliche Störung der Δ-5 und Δ-6 Desaturierung von Linolsäure im Herzmuskel bewirkt. Fettsäuregehalte und Fettsäurezusammensetzung des Gehirnes wurden durch Zinkmangel nicht wesentlich beeinflu\t. Dies deutet darauf him, daß das Gehirn hinsichtlich seines Fettsäurestoffwechsels gegen Auswirkungen des Zinkmangels zumindest kurzfristig geschützt ist.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 47 (1991), S. 958-962 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Vitamin D receptor ; heart ; atrial natriuretic factor ; mouse ; autoradiography ; soltriol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report that receptors for vitamin D exist in distinct regions of the heart in female and male mice, predominantly in the right atrium where most of the cardial atrial natriuretic peptide (ANF) is produced. Tritiated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3, vitamin D, soltriol) and ANF are colocalized in nuclei and cytoplasm respectively in identical cardiomyocytes. Changes of ANF tissue and blood levels under dietary deficiency and treatment with 1,25-D3 suggest direct genomic actions of vitamin D on myoendocrine cells of the atrium for the regulation of ANF manufacture and secretion. These results were obtained by combining thaw-mount autoradiography with immunocytochemistry using tritiated 1,25-D3 and an antibody against rat ANF. This antibody was also used in a radioimmunoassay to determine atrial natriuretic factor in plasma, atria and ventricles of normal or vitamin D-deficient mice.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 1122-1125 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Dorsal vessel ; heart ; insect ; serotonin ; octopamine ; inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The dorsal vessel of the blood feeding insect,Rhodnius prolixus, was found to increase or decrease its rate of contraction in response to a number of different stimuli. Handling increased contraction rates whereas tactile stimulation of the ventral abdominal cuticle inhibited contraction. Injection of very low concentrations of serotonin or of high concentrations of octopamine enhanced the inhibitory effect, apparently by acting via the nervous system. Higher concentrations of serotonin increased heart rate by acting directly on the myocardium. The inhibitory response is suggested to be one facet of a generalised thigmotactic response.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 116 (1992), S. 11-17 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: heart ; ischemia ; reperfusion ; lipids ; fatty acids ; lactate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This overview is presented, in the main, to summarize the following aspects of lactate and cardiac fatty acid metabolism: 1. The utilization of exogenous carbohydrates and fatty acids by the heart. 2. The competition between lactate and fatty acids in cardiac energy metabolism. 3. The effect of lactate on endogenous triacylglycerol homeostasis. 4. Lactate-induced impairment of functional recovery of the post-ischemic heart. 5. The effect of lactate on lipid metabolism in the ischemic and post-ischemic heart. 6. The consequences of hyperlactaemia for cardiac imaging.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: heart ; cell culture ; hypoxia ; phospholipase ; EPA ; DHA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hypoxia was reported to induce a decrease in phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase activity (PC-PLA) in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. This work was intended to compare the influence of the presence of either eicosapentae noic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the phospholipids on the PC-PLA activity in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The enrichment of the medium with EPA or DHA resulted in cell phospholipids containing about 2% or 22% DHA, respectively. These cells were then submitted for 3.5 h to either normoxia or hypoxia and the PC-PLA activities were assayed using [1-14C] dioleoyl-PC (pH 8.4 for PC-PLA2 and 4.9 for PC-PLAT). The results show that both enzymic activities are significantly higher in DHA-rich cardiomyocytes. Hypoxia induced a significant decrease in PC-PLA2 (about 25%) which was not statistically different between the two groups of cells. The hypoxia-induced decrease in PC-PLA1 was not found significant. In conclusion, the nature of the long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids appears to contribute to the regulation of PC-PLA activity but not to influence its decrease during hypoxia. (Mol Cell Biochem116: 75–78, 1992)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 133-134 (1994), S. 333-346 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: phosphocreatine ; creatine kinase ; ATP/ADP translocase ; mitochondrion ; oxidative phosphorylation ; mathematical modeling ; heart
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A probability approach was used to describe mitochondrial respiration in the presence of substrates, ATP, ADP, Cr and PCr. Respiring mitochondria were considered as a three-component system, including: 1) oxidative phosphorylation reactions which provide stable ATP and ADP concentrations in the mitochondrial matrix; 2) adenine nucleotide translocase provides exchange transfer of matrix adenine nucleotides for those from outside, supplied from medium and by creatine kinase; 3) creatine kinase, starting these reactions when activated by the substrates from medium. The specific feature of this system is close proximity of creatine kinase and translocase molecules. This results in high probability of direct activations of translocase by creatine kinase-derived ADP or ATP without their leak into the medium. In turn, the activated translocase with the same high probability directly provides creatine kinase with matrix-derived ATP or ADP. The catalytic complexes of creatine kinase formed with ATP from matrix together with those formed from medium ATP provide activation of the forward creatine kinase reaction coupled to translocase activation. Simultaneously the catalytic complexes of creatine kinase formed with ADP from matrix together with those formed from medium ADP provide activation of the reverse creatine kinase reaction coupled to translocase activation. The considered probabilities were arranged into a mathermatical model. The model satisfactorily simulates the available experimental data by several groups of investigators. The results allow to consider the observed kinetic and thermodynamic iriegularities in behavior of structurally bound creatine kinase as a direct consequence of its tight coupling to translocase.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 103 (1991), S. 171-180 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: protein kinase C (EC 2.7.1.37) ; protein kinase C isozymes ; purification ; characterizations ; heart
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A calcium-sensitive, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) and its three isozymes were purified from rat heart cytosolic fractions utilizing a rapid purification method. The purified protein kinase C enzyme showed a single polypeptide band of 80 KDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and was totally dependent on the presence of Ca2+ and phospholipid for activity. Diacylglycerol was also found to stimulate enzymatic activity. Autophosphorylation of the purified PKC showed an 80 KDa polypeptide. The identity of the purified protein was also verified with monoclonal antibodies specific for PKC. Further fractionation of the purified PKC on a hydroxylapatite column yielded three distinct peaks of enzyme activity, corresponding to type I, II and III based on similar chromatographic behaviour as the rat brain enzyme. All three forms were entirely Ca2− and phosphatidylserine dependent. Type II was found to be the most abundant. Type I was found to be highly unstable. PKC activity studies demonstrate that types II and III isozymic forms are different with respect to their sensitivity to Ca2+.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 101 (1991), S. 167-174 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: rat protein phosphatase 2A ; liver ; heart ; diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Protein phosphatase 2A1 was purified from rat skeletal muscle and used to produce antisera to the three subunits of the holoenzyme. Affinity purified antibodies specific for the subunits of the phosphatase enzyme were found to recognize the type 2A1 and 2A2 phosphatase from rat skeletal muscle, heart, liver, brain and erythrocytes and were used to investigate the effects of diabetes on the levels of this enzyme in liver and heart. Phosphorylase phosphatase assays coupled with immunoblot analysis of fractionated rat liver and heart cytosol from normal and diabetic animals show no apparent differences in the quantity or activity of these enzymes following the induction of alloxan diabetes. When considering these results and the normal physiological concentrations of known effectors of these enzymes, it is likely that protein phosphatase 2A1 and 2A2 are not responsible for the dephosphorylation of phosphorylase a under physiological conditions.
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