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  • Transfection  (271)
  • Chemistry
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (284)
  • Silver Spring, MD
  • Tehran, Iran
  • 1990-1994  (284)
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (284)
  • Silver Spring, MD
  • Tehran, Iran
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (50,827)
  • Springer  (9)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1994-12-16
    Description: Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a necessary component of the cellular machinery underlying learning and memory. Here, a constitutively active form of this enzyme, CaMKII(1-290), was introduced into neurons of hippocampal slices with a recombinant vaccinia virus to test the hypothesis that increased postsynaptic activity of this enzyme is sufficient to produce long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP), a prominent cellular model of learning and memory. Postsynaptic expression of CaMKII(1-290) increased CaMKII activity, enhanced synaptic transmission, and prevented more potentiation by an LTP-inducing protocol. These results, together with previous studies, suggest that postsynaptic CaMKII activity is necessary and sufficient to generate LTP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pettit, D L -- Perlman, S -- Malinow, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 16;266(5192):1881-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7997883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Genetic Vectors ; Hippocampus/cytology/enzymology/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/enzymology/*physiology ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects/*physiology ; Transfection ; Vaccinia virus/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1994-12-09
    Description: Growth factors activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and Jun kinases (JNKs). Although the signaling cascade from growth factor receptors to ERKs is relatively well understood, the pathway leading to JNK activation is more obscure. Activation of JNK by epidermal growth factor (EGF) or nerve growth factor (NGF) was dependent on H-Ras activation, whereas JNK activation by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was Ras-independent. Ras activates two protein kinases, Raf-1 and MEK (MAPK, or ERK, kinase) kinase (MEKK). Raf-1 contributes directly to ERK activation but not to JNK activation, whereas MEKK participated in JNK activation but caused ERK activation only after overexpression. These results demonstrate the existence of two distinct Ras-dependent MAPK cascades--one initiated by Raf-1 leading to ERK activation, and the other initiated by MEKK leading to JNK activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minden, A -- Lin, A -- McMahon, M -- Lange-Carter, C -- Derijard, B -- Davis, R J -- Johnson, G L -- Karin, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 9;266(5191):1719-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0636.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7992057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Genes, ras ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; *MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ; Rats ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology ; ras Proteins/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1994-12-02
    Description: Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have a distinct compartment in which class II molecules are proposed to acquire antigenic peptides. Genetic evidence suggests that human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DM, an unusual class II molecule, participates in this process. Peptide acquisition was reconstituted in nonprofessional APCs by transfection of class II, invariant chain (li), and H-2M, the murine equivalent of DM. The H-2M heterodimer appeared in an endosomal compartment, not at the cell surface, and the localization was independent of li. The data presented show that H-2M, class II, and li are the minimally required components for efficient formation of stable class II-peptide complexes, and thus for a functional class II compartment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karlsson, L -- Peleraux, A -- Lindstedt, R -- Liljedahl, M -- Peterson, P A -- AI-26610/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 2;266(5190):1569-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7985028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; *Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/immunology ; Endosomes/*immunology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; H-2 Antigens/analysis/genetics/*metabolism ; HLA-DR3 Antigen/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1994-12-02
    Description: Insulin stimulation was found to promote association of the alpha v beta 3 integrin (a vitronectin receptor) with insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), an intracellular protein that mediates insulin signaling by binding other signaling molecules, including growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) and phosphatidylinositol-3' kinase. Insulin-treated cells expressing the alpha v beta 3 integrin showed 2.5 times more DNA synthesis when plated on vitronectin than on other substrates, whereas cells expressing another vitronectin receptor, alpha v beta 5, did not show this difference. The association between integrin and IRS-1 may be a mechanism for the synergistic action of growth factor and extracellular matrix receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vuori, K -- Ruoslahti, E -- CA 28896/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 30199/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 42507/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 2;266(5190):1576-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research Center, La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7527156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Collagen ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Glycoproteins ; Humans ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Integrins/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptor, Insulin ; Receptors, Cytoadhesin/*metabolism ; Receptors, Vitronectin ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Vitronectin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1994-11-25
    Description: GADD45 is a ubiquitously expressed mammalian gene that is induced by DNA damage and certain other stresses. Like another p53-regulated gene, p21WAF1/CIP1, whose product binds to cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk's) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), GADD45 has been associated with growth suppression. Gadd45 was found to bind to PCNA, a normal component of Cdk complexes and a protein involved in DNA replication and repair. Gadd45 stimulated DNA excision repair in vitro and inhibited entry of cells into S phase. These results establish GADD45 as a link between the p53-dependent cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, M L -- Chen, I T -- Zhan, Q -- Bae, I -- Chen, C Y -- Gilmer, T M -- Kastan, M B -- O'Connor, P M -- Fornace, A J Jr -- ES05777/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 25;266(5189):1376-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973727" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclins/metabolism ; DNA/biosynthesis ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; *Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/*metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; S Phase/*drug effects ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1994-11-25
    Description: The development of retroviral vectors that target specific cell types could have important implications for the design of gene therapy strategies. A chimeric protein containing the polypeptide hormone erythropoietin and part of the env protein of ecotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus was engineered into the virus. This murine virus became several times more infectious for murine cells bearing the erythropoietin receptor, and it also became infectious for human cells bearing the erythropoietin receptor. This type of tissue-specific targeting by means of ligand-receptor interactions may have broad applications to a variety of gene delivery systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasahara, N -- Dozy, A M -- Kan, Y W -- AM16666/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 20985/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 25;266(5189):1373-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0724.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Erythrocytes/chemistry/*virology ; Erythropoietin/genetics/metabolism ; Genetic Therapy/methods ; Genetic Vectors/*genetics/physiology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/*genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/*metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1994-11-18
    Description: Muscle enhancer factor-2A (MEF2A), a member of the MADS family, induced myogenic development when ectopically expressed in clones of nonmuscle cells of human clones, a function previously limited to the muscle basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins. During myogenesis, MEF2A and bHLH proteins cooperatively activate skeletal muscle genes and physically interact through the MADS domain of MEF2A and the three myogenic amino acids of the muscle bHLH proteins. Thus, skeletal myogenesis is mediated by two distinct families of mutually inducible and interactive muscle transcription factors, either of which can initiate the developmental cascade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaushal, S -- Schneider, J W -- Nadal-Ginard, B -- Mahdavi, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1236-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Haplorhini ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; Humans ; MADS Domain Proteins ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/metabolism ; MyoD Protein/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors ; Myogenin/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1994-11-18
    Description: The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) beta chain regulates early T cell development in the absence of the TCR alpha chain. The developmentally controlled gene described here encodes the pre-TCR alpha (pT alpha) chain, which covalently associates with TCR beta and with the CD3 proteins forms a pre-TCR complex that transduces signals in immature thymocytes. Unlike the lambda 5 pre-B cell receptor protein, the pT alpha chain is a type I transmembrane protein whose cytoplasmic tail contains two potential phosphorylation sites and a Src homology 3 (SH3)-domain binding sequence. Pre-TCR alpha transfection experiments indicated that surface expression of the pre-TCR is controlled by additional developmentally regulated proteins. Identification of the pT alpha gene represents an essential step in the structure-function analysis of the pre-TCR complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saint-Ruf, C -- Ungewiss, K -- Groettrup, M -- Bruno, L -- Fehling, H J -- von Boehmer, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1208-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite INSERM 373, Institut Necker, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD3/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Rearrangement ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1994-11-11
    Description: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling requires the dimerization of the IL-2 receptor beta.(IL-2R beta) and common gamma (gamma c) chains. Mutations of gamma c can result in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID). IL-2, IL-4, IL-7 (whose receptors are known to contain gamma c), and IL-9 (whose receptor is shown here to contain gamma c) induced the tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the Janus family tyrosine kinases Jak1 and Jak3. Jak1 and Jak3 associated with IL-2R beta and gamma c, respectively; IL-2 induced Jak3-IL-2R beta and increased Jak3-gamma c associations. Truncations of gamma c, and a gamma c, point mutation causing moderate X-linked combined immunodeficiency (XCID), decreased gamma c-Jak3 association. Thus, gamma c mutations in at least some XSCID and XCID patients prevent normal Jak3 activation, suggesting that mutations of Jak3 may result in an XSCID-like phenotype.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, S M -- Johnston, J A -- Noguchi, M -- Kawamura, M -- Bacon, C M -- Friedmann, M -- Berg, M -- McVicar, D W -- Witthuhn, B A -- Silvennoinen, O -- P30 CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK42932/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 11;266(5187):1042-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/pharmacology ; Janus Kinase 1 ; Janus Kinase 3 ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/genetics/*metabolism ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tyrosine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1994-11-04
    Description: The EPH-related transmembrane tyrosine kinases constitute the largest known family of receptor-like tyrosine kinases, with many members displaying specific patterns of expression in the developing and adult nervous system. A family of cell surface-bound ligands exhibiting distinct, but overlapping, specificities for these EPH-related kinases was identified. These ligands were unable to act as conventional soluble factors. However, they did function when presented in membrane-bound form, suggesting that they require direct cell-to-cell contact to activate their receptors. Membrane attachment may serve to facilitate ligand dimerization or aggregation, because antibody-mediated clustering activated previously inactive soluble forms of these ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, S -- Gale, N W -- Aldrich, T H -- Maisonpierre, P C -- Lhotak, V -- Pawson, T -- Goldfarb, M -- Yancopoulos, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 4;266(5186):816-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Ephrin-A1 ; Ephrin-B1 ; Humans ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; *Receptor, EphA5 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/*metabolism ; Solubility ; *Transcription Factors ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; ets-Domain Protein Elk-1
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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