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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (171)
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  • Articles  (171)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 46 (1994), S. 3-5 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Illustrates the information provided by OATS for the automotive service industry on recommended lubricants for vehicles. Describes the computerized database of more than 70,000 items linking machine types and models with lubricant needs and relevant standards and specifications. Describes the OATS quarterly data service.
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  • 2
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 46 (1994), S. 3-4 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Reports on the study of wear debris in the early 1980s organized by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Describes the use of Ferrography, spectrographic oil analysis, X-ray fluorescence, inductive, magnetic and ultrasonic methods of debris detection with some examples of wear limits.
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  • 3
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 46 (1994), S. 5-7 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Explains and illustrates the problem of microbial infection of lubricants, fuels and water on board ship. Suggests preventive measures and some of the hazards to avoid. Warns about potential problems with biocides.
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  • 4
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 46 (1994), S. 3-6 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes the requirements for biodegradability, defines the different terms and lists the various tests used. Outlines how greases can cause pollution. Details the main primary biodegradability test for lubricants and how to formulate greases to optimize breakdown in the environment and still lubricate well. Gives examples of commercial biodegradable greases.
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  • 5
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 46 (1994), S. 7-9 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Discusses the paradox of the desire for petroleum products to resist degradation in use and yet be readily biodegradable as waste products. Offers four suggestions on how to reduce microbial susceptibility in use.
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  • 6
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 46 (1994), S. 4-4 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Corrects the view that BS 7750 environmental management systems cannot be integrated in BS 7750 quality management systems. Explains that BS 7750 is compatible with European and British systems but that some managements may prefer not to integrate.
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  • 7
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 46 (1994), S. 5-7 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes the three main methods of used oil recycling. Details the laundering process carried out by Smallman Lubricants and the subsequent quality tests. Refers to environmental and health aspects. Mentions three other reprocessing technologies.
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  • 8
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 46 (1994), S. 8-9 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes the Amocut advanced monitoring system developed in the UK and Italy for the automatic monitoring of pH value, concentration, tramp oil, particulates (by abrasion), corrosivity and microbial activity of metalworking fluids.
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  • 9
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 46 (1994), S. 3-4 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes the use of landfill for the disposal of waste and the gas generated by the waste. Details the engines fuelled by this gas and the special lubricants used to combat the aggressive chemicals some of the gases contain. Lists the properties of a proprietary range of natural gas engine lubricants.
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  • 10
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 46 (1994), S. 5-5 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes computer software derived from tests on seals which enables life prediction. List explosive decompression and material degradation of down well O rings, fatigue crack growth of diaphragms and mechanical seal performance as subjects covered.
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  • 11
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 46 (1994), S. 7-8 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes the role of the camshaft toothed drive belt used used in modern cars. Reveals that camshaft belt failure is the single biggest cause of engine failures referred to the AA laboratory and that incorrect tensioning is the major contributing factor. Gives detailed advice on how to improve the situation.
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  • 12
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 46 (1994), S. 6-7 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Traces the use of petrol additives such as lead, chlorine, bromine, phosphorus, detergent and oxygenate compounds from the 1920s to today. Refers to problems caused by changes in composition.
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  • 13
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 46 (1994), S. 3-6 
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Details the increasing use of BP polybutene hydrocarbons as clean, non-polluting lubricants or viscosity index improvers for two stroke engines, compressors, metalworking fluids, gear and hydraulic oils and greases. Shows polybutene's compatibility with mineral and synthetic oils.
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  • 14
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    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 20-27 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Reports on the importance of the mechanical properties of sewing thread and its interaction with the sewing process.
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  • 15
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    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 44-50 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Follows a presentation at a symposium in 1993 where the authors presented an experimental investigation on a fluttering membrane for use in a wind-tunnel. Analyses the fluttering of an object by a theoretical method. Compares the experimental results with those of the theoretical and discusses their effectiveness. States that the present analysis is effective for approximate investigations.
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  • 16
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    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 20-27 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The apparel industry must produce many different types of products in small quantities in shorter lead times. Trade journals and researchers have emphasized the importance of the right sewing system for achievement of high productivity rates. However, the findings of this research suggest that the actual technology of a sewing system is only one factor in achieving higher productivity. Product type was also highly correlated with high level of productivity. Considering the preliminary findings from this study, a manager should evaluate carefully the plant and the product before selecting a sewing system. Without more detailed analysis, managers should not change sewing systems just to get a new sewing system. The findings of this study suggest the need for more exploration of sewing systems including the impact on productivity.
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  • 17
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    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 7-10 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Highlights a testing method for designing high quality fabrics for men's suiting.
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  • 18
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 17-19 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Reports on Shingosen, its status and further potential with regard to fibre, fabric and apparel.
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  • 19
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    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 37-43 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A compressional model of fabric was proposed and its validity was investigated precisely. The following conclusions were obtained. The compressional and recovering curves are considered to consist of three steps, respectively. Characteristic values proposed here are strongly related to features of the shapes of fabric compressional curves. According to the principal component analysis, the first and second principal components can explain almost all the information about fabric compressional property.
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  • 20
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 15-19 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Presents an overview of automated fabric flaw detection immediately after the knitting process. Considers the classification of fabric flaws and how image processing techniques can be applied to their classification, via an introductory example. Outlines problems associated with automating this inspection process and discusses possible flaw sensing systems and techniques.
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  • 21
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    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 30-38 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Introduces and evaluates a finite-element computer model which predicts the bending behaviour of fabric in contact with a surface, in order to optimize the design of equipment used for automated processing of apparel. Describes how simulations were executed for all combinations of eight fabrics and three contact surfaces, and presents the experimental results obtained for similar conditions and fabrics. Proves the validity of the computer model by comparing the experimental results with those obtained by simulation. Describes how the computer model could be used to choose the optimum diameter of a fabric feeder picking roller.
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  • 22
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 28-36 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Seeks to integrate the complete design process beginning with a design created with the mathematical perception of fractal geometry, followed by the introduction of these images into CAD systems and its adjustment to the technical and aesthetic limitations of the printing industry. The result is an artwork created on a pure mathematical basis using the most recent techniques of computer-aided textile design.
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  • 23
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 11-13 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The theoretical analysis indicates that the main factors of cover-shelter properties of fabrics are cover factor of fabrics, fabric thickness, optical reflectance and absorbance of yarn. With a combination of distances and luminances, 512 experiments have been made to find out the relationship between the least distinguishable distance and reflectance coefficient.
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  • 24
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    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 14-16 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Reports on difficult issues regarding recent trends in men's suiting. Lighter weights cause many technical problems in apparel manufacture.
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  • 25
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 32-36 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Examines wool/polyester blended fabrics with a view to finding the optimal blend in relation to suitable utility, surface and handling properties. Concludes that a simple general mixing rule is possible for use in producing the required optimum blends.
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  • 26
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    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 34-40 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Presents the mechanical models of ring, rotor and air-jet staple yarn formation. The analysis of formation peculiarities has enabled the establishment of differences among them in micro- and macrostructure as well as in their mechanical and physical properties. The comparison of yarn and fabric quality parameters will be very valuable for weavers, knitters, garment manufacturers, finishers and designers. Gives productivity, spinability and economic factors for ring spinning, OE-rotor and air-jet spinning processes.
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  • 27
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 28-33 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes a PC-based CAD system for producing made-to-measure garment patterns which has been developed and implemented in the commercial environment of a bridalwear manufacturer. The software simulates the hand drafting methods of the company while automating pattern production with the following benefits: first, very rapid production of made-to measure patterns; second, production of patterns which require minimal alteration at first fitting; third, a user friendly interface with very short training period; fourth, the de-skilling of the pattern cutting procedure so that problems of staff turnover and training are minimal; and fifth, the elimination of human error in pattern cutting. Initial software development concentrated on bodice patterns. Further enhancements included sleeves and skirts and the mixing and matching of these three components of a dress. Cutting layouts were produced using automatic layout algorithms so that the whole procedure from order and measurements entry through pattern drafting and lay-planning to the final full scale plotting could be carried out automatically. Furthermore, a queuing system allowed several orders previously entered on the computer to be processed in succession without any intervention by an operator. All the company's styles are now held by the computer, which is in constant use, to the exclusion of the previously used skilled and lengthy hand drafting methods.
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  • 28
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 20-25 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Explains the origins of the development of the handle method, and lists the three criteria for predicting fabric quality. Shows how fabric handle evaluation is used, for example, handle analysis expresses characteristics and quality. Goes on to explain hand value and total hand value with the aid of equations and charts. Concludes that the textile technology must apply today's technologies to the production of higher grade fabrics - i.e. ideal fabrics.
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  • 29
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 57-64 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Examines water absorption by capillary action which is perpendicular to the fabric plane as an important property in clothing comfort and hygiene. Proposes that layering fabric is an effective way of controlling water absorption properties in fabric systems. Reports the results of measurement of water absorption in two- and multi-layered fabric systems using apparatus based on the pressure sensor method. Concludes with a list of results obtained by analysis with the finite element method.
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  • 30
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 65-72 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Presents a mathematical treatment of the large-scale bending behaviour of multi-ply yarn. Based on the assumptions that: each individual fibre in the yarn has the form of a doubly-wound helix; each fibre is an inextensible slender rod; and interaction between fibres is ignored. The yarn-bending rigidity is calculated as an average rigidity of an assembly of coaxial helices. There is good agreement between the predicted and measured values of yarn bending rigidity for a wool worsted knitting yarn. Also predicts the position, curvature and twist components as well as the strain energy of the deformed fibre.
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  • 31
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 17-27 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The pressure on body scars resulting from pressure garments gradually decreases with time, probably as a consequence of stress relaxation in the fabric material. In order to understand the basic mechanisms contributing to this phenomenon, an understanding of the stress relaxation behaviour of relevant textile structures is vitally important. Makes comparisons of the stress relaxation and shrinkage properties on six selected fabric samples which are all currently used by the hospitals in the UK and/or in Hong Kong. The design of the stress relaxation tests was based on the consideration of the fabric from a performance-in-use standpoint. The results of the tests showed differences between the fabrics collected in the UK and Hong Kong. It was also found that the stress relaxation in the wale direction was considerably lower (resulting in better performance) than in the course direction. It may be noted that the shrinkage of the fabrics was closely related to the degree of elasticity loss during washing.
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  • 32
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 26-29 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A study of thread tensions on a lockstitch sewing machine was made, measuring simultaneously both the needle and bobbin thread tensions. Investigates the relationship between the peak tensions generated during the experiments and the corresponding seam balance. It was found that under the conditions of the experiments it is possible to define an envelope of conditions under which balanced seams will be obtained.
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  • 33
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 3-13 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Applies a sound theory to predict in-plane bending deformation of flexible beams under large overall motions to predict the locus of the trailing end of the ply during wiping off the conveyor surface of the layup machine. A computerized numerical solution was used to estimate the locus of the trailing end of the ply for seven woven fabrics of wide range of thickness, weight, and bending rigidity. The least square method was employed to obtain regression relationship between the horizontal and vertical displacement of the trailing end of the ply for each of the seven fabrics. The regression equations and the slat height were used to calculate the minimum gap between two slats of the stacking conveyor so that the fabric trailing end does not touch the top or the side surfaces of a slat during the layup process.
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  • 34
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 14-19 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A study of thread tensions on a lockstitch sewing machine was made, measuring simultaneously both the needle and bobbin thread tensions. Experiments were carried out under specified sewing conditions, whereby needle and bobbin thread tensioner adjustment, sewing speed, number of plies, fabric quality and sewing thread quality were varied in order to investigate the effect of these factors on the needle and bobbin thread tensions. The patterns of the thread tension traces obtained were analysed as well as the effect of these factors on the peak tensions detected on both thread tension traces. Four significant peak tensions on the needle thread tension trace and two significant peak tensions on the bobbin thread tension trace were detected, during a stitch cycle. It was found that no significant variations occurred as far as the timing and shape of the peak tensions were concerned. However, variations were detected in the peak tensions according to the sewing conditions, as expected. From the analysis of the data obtained, multiple regression equations were derived to predict, with a good degree of accuracy, the peak tensions generated, according to the sewing conditions.
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  • 35
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 51-56 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Non-recovery of wool Futon padding was investigated by compression and creep tests. Simulation tests are also carried out to use the minuter model Futon. Fibre crimp was found to be an important parameter to be considered in the non-recovery of Futon. Futon padding which consists of crimpy fibre has large apparent fibre density and shows less reduction of thickness compared with those made from uncrimpy fibres. The moisture inside and outside the Futon has a large influence on the recovery process.
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  • 36
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 28-31 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Studies the measurement and objective evaluation method of fabric lustre. Selects seven parameters at a two-dimensional distribution curve of reflected light under natural light and polarized light and refines from them four independent variations by the method of main composition analysis. Using regression analysis with the results of subjective evaluation, finds that fabric lustre has distinct regional distribution on the figures of M1 and M2, so it can be used as a general test method.
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  • 37
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 6-16 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Personal protective clothing (PPC) enables people to work in hazardous environments, but PPC can have a detrimental effect on worker performance. Predicting garment effects on worker performance is difficult because quantitative relationships among garment properties and human responses are not known. Presents a systematic structure for studying the relationships among garment properties and their immediate effects on the worker. Using a survey of 118 studies, previous work was categorized according to garment parameters and dependent measures. Except for studies of heat stress, most of these studies compared competing garments or simply measured physiological response, rather than relating these effects to garment attributes. Such results are seldom transferable to other clothing systems or tasks. Proposes a conceptual model based on this systematic structure. Introduces garment impediment indices (GIIs) as response functions of garment attributes, and offers an approach for developing quantitative models of PPC effects on worker performance.
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  • 38
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    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 7-14 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Using six fabrics which are very different in structure and composition, comparisons have been made between British, French and American standards, and between IWS and Renault methods for seaming properties determination. According to measuring principles they could be classified into two groups. The calculated correlations within groups were acceptable, while correlations between groups were low. The Renault method is situated between the two groups, because one parameter given by this method showed a good correlation with the British standard, while the other had a good correlation with the French standard.
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    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 6 (1994), S. 39-42 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The purpose of this investigation was to try to develop a theoretical model to satisfy and explain the interaction between the needle and bobbin threads, the tensions developed and their influence on seam balance. An explanation of the conditions determining seam balance is proposed based on a "robbing back" theory of stitch formation.
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  • 40
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Reports some of the findings of two years' research work carried outwithin a number of manufacturing engineering companies both in theUnited Kingdom and Brazil. All the companies belong to the automotiveindustry. The objective of the overall research was to analyse therelationships between the variables of uncertainty, variability ofoutputs and flexibility in manufacturing systems. The findings are aco-product of the overall research and are related to the flexibility ofthe structural (human and technological) manufacturing resources.Derives a new way of looking at stocks and its role in the manufacturingsystem's flexibility.
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  • 41
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    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 28-36 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Studies some of the factors that played a role in Flexible ManufacturingSystems (FMS) implementation management in Spanish industry. Increasesin production, flexibility and technical experience, and improved safetyand working conditions, were considered the three main benefits ofautomation. The training and integration of staff in the project, thefirm's technology level and support from top management are found to bethe factors which most influence the positive results of adopting FMS.
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    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 4-9 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: An integrated CEIS underpinned by heterogeneous database managementtechnology is an ambitious effort to integrate the informationprocessing work of an entire organization. In an organization which islarge, decentralized and dynamic, problems of linking widely differingdata-oriented functional area information systems become apparent. A keyfeature becomes the means of facilitating the creation, manipulation anddissemination of the social and technical knowledge necessary for the CEparticipants to work together within the operating policies, proceduresand standards of the organization. The real benefits of a CEIS supportedby heterogeneous database technology will be derived from itsconstructive combination with the host organization and whether peopleunderstand and effectively exploit the information they are receiving inthe form of new ideas to be expressed in terms of innovative productdevelopment.
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  • 43
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    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 10-19 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The fast-changing manufacturing environment has been the prime cause ofa company's growing dissatisfaction with its production informationsystem, which ultimately led to the realization of the need for anIntegrated Manufacturing Information System (IMIS). A three-stageprocedure was established to assist the investment decision, whichinvolved informal communication, project appraisal, and installationplanning. While the long-term impact of the IMIS on the company'sbusiness operation is yet to be fully understood, its short-termbenefits are being realized. These include substantial savings onoverheads, a marked increase in productive hours, and promisingimprovement in productivity.
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  • 44
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 13-21 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: In many industries, the success or failure of a new product is largelydetermined in the design phase of the project. Consequently,manufacturers should strive to develop integrated system design tools tohelp ensure that new products are readily producible according tomanufacturing or assembly capability. Introduces a systems integrationstrategy called "design to fit an existing environment" (DFEE). Thepurpose of this DFX sub-strategy is to integrate capacity and productmix issues into design strategies so that it becomes possible to designnew products which are more globally optimal from a systems standpoint.The result of using DFEE is that better product time-to-market targetscan be established, and products can be designed to take advantage ofexisting slack manufacturing capacity, thus balancing assembly flow andreducing capital expenditures.
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  • 45
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 48-63 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Changes in market and production profiles require a more flexibleconcept in manufacturing. Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)describes an integrative concept for joining business and manufacturingislands. In this context, database technology is the key technology forimplementing the CIM philosophy. However, CIM applications are morecomplex and thus more demanding than traditional database applicationssuch as business and administrative applications. Systematicallyanalyses the database requirements for CIM applications includingbusiness and manufacturing tasks. Special emphasis is given onintegration requirements due to the distributed, partly isolated natureof CIM applications developed over the years. An illustrative samplingof current efforts in the database community to meet the challenge ofnon-standard applications such as CIM is presented.
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 77-86 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Presents an integrated approach to assembly planning for manufacturingprinted circuit boards (PCBs). The integrated manufacturing assemblyplanning system (IMAPS) is a system that incorporates knowledge-basedtechniques to assist process engineers with the development of assemblyplans for building PCBs. IMAPS has been developed in a two-year projectwith a multinational telecommunications manufacturer and the AlbertaResearch Council of Canada. The scope of IMAPS is to develop anintegrated environment that takes full advantage of electronicinformation for assembly planning of PCBs. Several functions in thecompany can be integrated with IMAPS, including product design, detailedassembly planning, line balancing and generation of shop floor drawings.Information stored in the manufacturing and design databases of thecorporation, about a PCB to be assembled, is employed by aknowledge-based module to generate assembly plans to build the PCB. Aline balancing procedure is employed to select the most adequateassembly plan of those generated by the knowledge-based module. Thefinal assembly plan is then presented to the operators as a diagram withinstructions for the assembly of the PCB. IMAPS has increased the speedto generate assembly plans from 120 hours to four hours. The finalcomputer-aided assembly planning system implemented in the company hastaken the concepts developed in IMAPS; they have been implemented in Cand C++. Lessons and experiences learned while developing andimplementing IMAPS are presented.
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 4-13 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The shift from manufacturing standard products in high volume toproviding a wide variety of products in low volumes has necessitated adramatic change in manufacturing strategies moving away from thetraditional approaches which exploit economies of scale. This hasinfluenced the design of production systems, where the principles offlexible manufacturing systems (FMS) and just-in-time (JIT) arerecognized as effective techniques for enabling corporate objectives tobe met. By a combination of the principles of FMS and JIT, flexibilityand reduced inventory costs can be incorporated into the design andcontrol of a manufacturing unit. Outlines issues and decisions relatedto the successful "integration" of FMS and JIT.
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 4-11 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Describes a systematic approach to strategically planning thedevelopment of information systems within an organization. It comprisesfour main phases: initiation, data collection, strategy formulation andshort-term development. Critical success factors are used to prioritizeproposed information systems, so that those giving competitive advantageto the organization can be highlighted for immediate development. Themethodology does not depend on external consultants or complex softwaredevelopment tools and can be used by small and large organizations. Itresults in a quick, flexible plan for implementing information systemsin a way synergetic with the organization's goals.
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    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 14-22 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Over the last two decades, Japanese products have challenged Westernones, not only in terms of cost but also on quality, reliability anddelivery. This has meant that meeting customer needs on time has nowentered the competitive equation. Hence, in the 1990s, time to market(TTM) has become a focal point in achieving competitive advantage in themarketplace. Presents an overview of TTM and of how to do it. Considersthe costs and benefits of TTM, and uses two case studies to compare andcontrast the effect of adopting TTM and ignoring it. Looks at the keyfactors of: tools and techniques; technology; team management andlogistics, with practical examples of the main points in achieving TTMsuccessfully.
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    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 12-20 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Develops a graphic simulation system in conjunction with a kinematicerror model to assist management in making investment decisions. UsesTaguchi-type experimental design to predict the robot processcapability. Two sets of charts are created by the system to representthe repeatability and accuracy of the robot performing a givenoperation. These charts are, first, histograms in the x, y, and zdirections and, second, scattered ellipses in the xy, yz, and xz planes.Central to the system are three characteristics: a description of thegeometric error and of the kinematic error; a common function to requestand display a robot moving from one position to the next; and a familyof charts showing the capability of the robot implementing a given task.The results provided by the system can help management to analyse robotprojects concerning robot selection and implement action in a moresystematic manner.
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    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 30-40 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Assembly planning and scheduling are two major functions in circuitboard manufacturing. Currently, assembly plans are developed in theabsence of information about the state of the shop floor at theexecution time of the assembly operation. In effect, these assemblyplans may impose unnecessary restrictions on scheduling. As a result,scheduling conflicts, bottlenecks, imbalance in assembly lines andmachine congestion that lead to lateness and excessive production andshipping costs are inevitable. Compares the performances of thetraditional method of isolated planning and scheduling with a proposedmethod of simultaneous generation of assembly plans and schedules inelectronic assembly operations. Simulated scenarios indicate thepotential superiority of the integrated system.
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  • 52
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    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 20-28 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The adoption of integrated computer-based manufacturing and managementtechniques by small, traditional engineering companies often representsan unaffordable and high risk investment strategy in technology that isoften not well understood by its recipients. Paradoxically, theopportunity for complete success in a small to medium-sized enterprise(SME) is greater than in a large company which very often is incapableof full integration due to the divisions and inertia implicit in a largehierarchical organization. To derive full benefits from such aninvestment the company must possess a meticulous understanding of itsmarket, fiscal environment, operations management, engineering andtechnological skills, manufacturing facilities and product range. Itmust adopt an appropriate implementation of CIM that does not debaseprevious ad hoc investments in what are often termedislands-of-automation or information technology. For success awell-planned stepwise approach is vital. Reports on the approach adoptedby a small to medium-sized Scottish engineering company specializing inthe production of mechanical actuation systems. Over a three-year periodthe company embarked on a low-cost, phased implementation of softwareand hardware systems that exploit a database to integrate its design,manufacturing the business operations. A major element in these systemsis the distributed Command, Communication and Control (C3) environmentwhich has transformed the effectiveness of operations. The company'sinvestments were based on a prudent assessment of its current andplanned product range, existing and planned manufacturing facilities,the scale of its operations and business objectives.
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  • 53
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 5-12 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: As manufacturing gets ever more competitive, integration will come to beseen as a means whereby performance can be improved while flexibilityis, at the same time, also being enhanced. Takes a fundamental look atthe concept of integration to determine its essential properties. It isexpected that this will lead to a better understanding of the concept,and also to applications in manufacturing environments which mightultimately lead to a full realization of computer integratedmanufacturing (CIM).
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    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 41-47 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Presents a description of an automated manufacturing process planning(AMPP) system developed by the US Army Missile Command (MICOM) atRedstone Arsenal, Alabama, that integrates computer aided design,computer aided process planning and computer aided manufacturingsystems. The AMPP system automatically generates process plans andnumerical control code to fabricate turned cylindrical parts. The AMPPsystem is available for demonstration at the AIDT Alabama Center forAdvanced Technology Transfer (ACATT) in Huntsville.
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    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 87-96 
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Cell formation design in cellular manufacturing systems (CMS) has beenthe focus of recent manufacturing research literature. A great amount ofresearch has been published addressing either technical issues (e.g.part-machine grouping algorithms) or operational issues (e.g. planningand scheduling in the CMS). Research addressing strategic issues in cellformation design has been minimal. Addresses strategic considerations incell formation design, specifically, the linkage and relationshipsbetween specific cell design issues and the firm's competitive advantagein the marketplace. It is demonstrated that cell formation designdecisions must be addressed in alignment with the firm's strategic planand manufacturing competitive priorities.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 6-11 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Time is becoming increasingly important as a competitive weapon.The available time to turn R&D costs into profit is shrinking. Beinglate brings the risk of never regaining the costs. The best effects onspeed (as well as cost and quality) can be created by recognizing theprocess of product development. It requires a firm commitment from topmanagement, a much closer relationship with suppliers and service, and areal change in attitude from marketing, product and productionengineering. This places high demands on the organization. Discussesthese demands as well as a proven method to reach the above-mentionedgoals; the high pressure project-start-up method. A case-description ofa PSU in a high-tech environment is enclosed. Concludes with adescription of the positive effects of information technology.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 17-20 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Investigates the use of simultaneous engineering at Nissan (aJapanese automotive company) in Europe. Suggests areas where it might beapplied within a company and the results which might be achieved indoing so. Concludes that simultaneous engineering is the quickest andmost efficient way of achieving "optimum design solution",by using the wisdom and expertise of those people at the early stages ofdesign and development.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 21-28 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A famous executive once said that "God is entitled toopinion, all others must bring facts and data". To get agreementon the specific needs of a company, the best approach is to back uprecommendations with facts. Are the new products which arrive in yourmanufacturing operation up to standard? Would a series of analyticaltools and approaches which are being used in industry to improve andspeed up new product development processes be useful? The"staffing ratios" tool is applied to make sure that theright amount of human resources and skills are in the right places atthe right times. Does your company hit the planned market release datesfor new products? Tools such as "time-to-market prediction"may be applied to assess past project performance and to predict theschedule outcome of current project-in-process. Does your companyachieve early cross-functional involvement on projects? The"concurrency matrix" tool may be used to definecross-functional requirements and quantify the degree of parallelism.Most of these tools can be learned within a few minutes and brought backto your company for immediate application.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 33-38 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Focuses on the benefits of actually carrying out the tenets ofsimultaneous, or concurrent, engineering on a project. The advantagesare not explained in purely theoretical fashion but rather, arepresented with factural data and experiential retrospect. TheHewlett-Packard (HP) 34401A Multimeter not only represents abreakthrough in its market and specifications, but also a radicalimprovement in the product development process and subsequentmanufacturing processes required to bring it to the marketplace in atough global economy. Shows how HP integrates tools such as DFMA, QFD,and activity-based-costing into the concurrent engineering process togive the customer what he really wants at a competitive price. Lowermanufacture and assembly techniques, lower cost and higher reliabilityis being achieved.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 39-41 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Reports on the Management Roundtable's Second Annual Congress onEnovironmentally-consciuous Design and Manufacturing: From BestPractices to Profit held in Dearborn, Michigan, USA. States thatenvironmental issues are not a fad, and that environmental factorsshould be integrated into the manufacture and design of products.Investigates the key issues in the implementation of a corporateenvironmental programme including cost and time. Examines a few workingexamples of corporate environmental programmes and concludes that thesework. Suggests that implementing such programmes is the way forward.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 27-36 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Reviews, for the USA, Europe and Japan, the current state ofdevelopment and application of rapid prototyping techniques and theirimpact on time-to-market for new products. These techniques, which arestill undergoing rapid development, have already had a dramatic effecton reducing the time-to-market for new products by between 60 per centand per cent and on reducing the cost-to-market by between 40 per centand 70 per cent. Concludes that although the US is ahead of the rest ofthe world in terms of depth of experience and range of techniques,Europe and Japan are catching up fast in terms of experience andapplications. Gives guidelines for the managers of manufacturingcompanies on the importance of the techniques, the selection of the mostappropriate system and how to obtain most of the techniques adopted.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 37-40 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Companies wishing to improve continually in business generally andnew product development in particular need to use performance indicesdevelopment in particular need to use performance indices, i.e."metrics". This is to study their present achievements, seethe effects of improvements, help control the processes and makecomparisons with norms or standards like past achievements, presentplans and benchmark data. Reviews and lists examples of the relevantmetrics and discusses their application.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 45-48 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Presents samples of ideas and examples of concurrent engineeringdiscussed at Management Roundtable's Seventh International Conference onDesign for Manufacturability, held in Orlando, Florida, USA.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 13-15 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Details research which shows that product definition is crucial toincreasing overall success. Reports research undertaken withinHewlett-Packard that uncovered ten product definition factorspreprequisite to successful product development. Further research acrossFortune 100 companies expanded the list to include an eleventhessential factor. Concludes that each of the 11 factors have to becompleted adequately, prior to exiting the product definition phase; andthese can be completed only through a multidisciplinary productdevelopment team.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 16-20 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Details how in 1987, ICI initiated its KLEA programme to producereplacements for CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons); and how, by the end of1990, ICI opened its Runcorn, UK, plant producing the refrigerant R134a.This was followed by a plant in the USA in 1992 and one in Japan in1993. Describes how all this was made possible in such a short timescalethrough innovations in engineering and technology; and by breaking newfrontiers within the company in terms of teamworking and the empowermentof individuals.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 32-38 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Increasing quantities of waste may result in legislation to enforcethe recycling of electrical and electronic products. Gives anintroduction to such legislation and highlights its effects on industrytoday. Introduces the principle of the 3Rs, and discusses the way beingdone at Manchester Metropolitan University on ways to assess products interms of their ease of disassembly and ability to be recycled. Alsocontains a case study of two vacuum cleaners which have been examinedrecently.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 46-48 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Environmental considerations and new legislation mean thatcompanies must start to consider the cost of disposal and recycling inthe total life cycle cost of a product. To this end products need to bedesigned for service, efficient disassembly and recycling. Describes adesign aid called "Design for Service" (DFS) which isintended to help designers to look at serviceability issues at theearliest stages of product design. Uses a case study of the Ford MotorCo. to illustrate how DFS can be implemented within industry.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 4-8 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the product development process the time between"could" start and actually starting, it is referred to asthe "fuzzy front-end" and is the key to reducingtime-to-market. Examines the different ways of doing this, and the linksbetween them.This action values may vary but capture approach is thesame. Lists the ten most common front-end failures.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 14-20 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Argues the case for the full integration of industrial design intothe new product development (NPD) process. Demonstrates, first, a clearstructure of benefits based on design's direct contribution toprofitability and brand value as a core component of the salesproposition - and, by its power of association, a key influenceron the sale itself. Second, it reviews the current state of play in UKindustry, based on recent research by the author's company, Random, inwhich it identifies a major "intention gap" between attitudeand practice. Finally, in prescriptive mode, it provides a detailed"route-map" for achieving full integration.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 38-42 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In recognition of the need for vastly improved new productdevelopment processes among companies with a number of industrialsectors, examines one company, Ricardo Hitec, and its implementation ofconcurrent engineering (CE) in a major aerospace project - itsprocess and management, and the technology involved. Discusses theproject's success and the lessons learned therefrom, including thecorrect level of interdisciplinary communication, decision making andownership. Concludes that the company has achieved its goal and that thelessons learned and experience gained will prove a considerableenhancement to the company's competitiveness.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 12-19 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Combines some of the challenges which the authors have experiencedin applying quality function deployment (QFD) to different applicationsin achieving better, cheaper, faster products to market. Highlights theissues, conflicts, decision points and the ways forward in achievingresults. Shares experiences with the reader.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 5-12 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Proposes that, inorder to optimize concept definition,organizations should manage it as a distinct and separate entity,running concurrently with development activities. In order to managecore technical competences continuously, and to balance theorganization's portfolio of products, maintains that concept definitionshould be an ongoing activity. Uses current literature to support thesecontentions; and offers a new model of the early development process.Discusses composition, responsibilities and integration of the majorcomponents of the model and concludes with a brief discussion of theorganizational impact of this new approach to concept definition.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 21-23 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: As concurrent engineering helps to reduce project lead times, toolsare also required to control risk. Centres on a case study of atelephone, ultimately for British Telecom that was developed during1993. Stereolithography and rapid prototyping were accessed viaFormation Engineering on a bureau basis to provide a dramatic reductionin the product development cycle while simultaneously reducing risk. Thejustification for prototyping being sustainable on time, risk orfinancial grounds. It is, however, usually the economics debate thatrages for longest as the justification of prototypes is frequentlysought within the design phase and not the project as a whole.Incorporating loss of profits due to delayed sales will introduce atleast an order of magnitude difference, making the real decision a"no brainer".
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 39-44 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Reports on the International Conference on "Design forCompetitive Advantage - Making the Most of Design",organized by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Advises that UKcompanies need to design and sell more products worldwide in order toreverse the UK's economic trend. Details talks from the conference givenby speakers from large manufacturing organizations. Stresses theimportance of the customer; assessing customer needs; providing suitableproducts; listening to the customer's voice and designing products whichfulfil those expressed needs; supporting products through the lifecycle; adopting a world class approach; reducing lead times and beingcreative; and how to avoid pirfalls and learn lessons.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 9-12 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Discusses why many organizations still perform design in an adhoc manner, despite the benefits of a structured design processexemplified by organization such as Land-Rover and Xerox.Looks at theexperience of three companies which have instituted changes in designpractices and draws conclusions.Lists the benefits gained from suchchanges and makes recommendations for their future application.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 21-25 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Explores the issues surrounding process improvements in thesoftware development function of product development, an areatraditionally neglected by corporate quality programmes. Explains theneed for implementation of software process improvement, the currentstate of such initiatives in industry, and cites a case study ofsuccessful implementation at Hewlett Packard. Provides guidelines onidentifying the need for such a programme in an organization,information on Carnegie Mellon University's Software EngineeringInstitute (SEI) and instructions for receiving additional information.
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    World class design to manufacture 1 (1994), S. 32-37 
    ISSN: 1352-3074
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Discusses case studies of small and medium-sized companies in whichthe Queensland Manufacturing Institute (QMI) has facilitated improvedproduct development processes using simple methodology, teamwork and a"toolbox" concept. The involvement of QMI allowed thecompanies to try new processes and supporting technology in a reducedrisk environment.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 33-35 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes the MetaTorch sensor system which uses standard componentssuch as CCD cameras, laser diodes and electronic pre-processinghardware to determine the location of objects and features with the help ofthe structured light principle. Examines the sensor system's four mainparts: the sensor head, the data acquisition board, the software and theinterface to the robot or handling machine controller. The initialapplication was as an arc welding tracking system but has expanded to avariety of feature detection or feature following tasks including gluing,seam sealing and car seat trimming.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 23-27 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes current research work into the development of a three fingerindustrial gripper suitable for flexible assembly work. Outlines the keyaspects of building and programming the gripper and ways of simplifying itscontrol with local computing and looks at the interaction between productdesign, gripper properties and assembly process. Concludes that a genericindustrial gripper has been built, that is as fast as a normal gripper andwhich is able to grasp more part shapes more stably. Programming of thegripper is partly automated to provide flexibility to the assembly process.Further research work is being carried out on the project.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 11-16 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Examines one of the main problems of mobile robot navigation:determining exactly where the robot is at all times. Describes the mostimportant algorithm in localization: the extended Kalman filter. Looksat the simplest type of navigation using a system of fixed beacons inconjunction with a special sensor located on the vehicle and also the use of"natural beacons". Discuss the problems of building andmaintaining a map for the vehicle. Concludes that a complete solution tomobile vehicle localization is a long way off.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 12-17 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Outlines the background of robotized waterjet cutting and its advantagesover traditional punching and manual cutting methods. Discusses thedevelopment of the modular cutting box which can be adapted to thecustomer's requirements covering the water pressure, the size and speedof the jet, the reduction of sound emissions and a safety zone to protectpersonnel. Examines the programming of the robot arm and the creation ofcutting programs. Concludes that waterjet cutting has enormous potential inthe automotive industry.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 21-22 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes the work of a German company which has built textile machinesfor making curtains, lace and velour. The lace making machines are alreadydesigned on a CAD system. Describes how ROBCAD is used to generate the robotweld paths directly from the CAD data.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 20-22 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Examines the experience of Thorn Automation in the field ofmagnetometery in both defence and commercial markets. The cornerstone oftheir capability has come from using high performance fluxgate sensors. Looksat the different kinds of magnetometer available and describes theirapplications for a variety of remote sensing requirements including vehiclenavigation and remote tracking.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 17-19 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Looks at the use of robotic cameras in television news studios and theproblems of navigating them accurately around their environment. Explains howthe robots recognize coded targets around the studio which they compare witha preprogrammed map. Discusses the choice between laser scanners and linescan tv cameras to scan the targets and why the line scan camera was chosen;because it exhibited a number of advantages including a lower cost than thelaser. Concludes that camera robot development is still at an early stage andis very mush responsive to user requirements. It remains to be seen whetherthey can move from the news and presentation studio environment into areassuch as drama and light entertainment.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 15-17 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Examines the development of a new high speed rotating arc weldingsystem. Describes the rotation mechanism and looks at the characteristics andphenomena of this welding method. Discusses the principles and performance ofthe arc sensor. Concludes that a six-axis vertical multiple joints arcwelding robot has been developed to meet the increasing high standardsrequired of arc welding robots.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 24-28 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Outlines the development of mechanical transmission elements used todrive industrial robots. Examines the performance requirements for precisiongears and actuators, concentrating on harmonic drive reduction gearing andthe key features which make it superior to conventional transmissions.Concludes that the unique features of the new harmonic drives gears willassist in the realization of completely new robot concepts and that to enablethis to happen the process of continuous product development must beon-going.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 22-25 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Looks at research work into crane automation for the constructionindustry. Describes the six major areas of the project: analysis ofexisting crane structures and mechanisms, the general problem of remotelygrabbing a load, the application of latest sensor technology, systemintegration, control and communications, teleoperator and data-loggingsystem and crane demonstrator construction. Also considers the use ofadvanced telemetry for communication between cranes and for the remotecontrol operation of the cranes. Concludes that the project demonstrated thatthe emerging distributed control concepts are applicable to cranetechnology.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 32-37 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Examines a research program into the use of automation and robotics inmasonry building. The four main objectives of the project were to establishthe requirements for the application of robotics in masonryconstruction; construct a prototype robot; develop the operationsoftware system; and evaluate suitable blocks for construction usingrobots. Describes the construction of the prototype robot cell and theresearch methods used and concludes that combining the research findings withwork elsewhere it should be possible to achieve a commercially viable roboticsolution for masonry and similar tasks on the construction site.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 22-23 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes the CineRobotheque at the National Film Board of Canada[NFB] in Montreal where people can sit in personal viewing unitscalled Cine-Scopes and choose their own programs from the large NFBcollection. The CineScopes are fed with images by an industrial robot thathandles videodiscs. Outlines the robotic and computer technology that dealswith all the films, video and data and the disc storage system. Concludesthat technological developments will enable NFB Montreal to expand veryquickly including the possibility of making material available by remoteaccess.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 27-30 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Outlines the development of a prototype climbing robot for remotetesting using standard off-the-shelf components. The systemconstruction is modularized so that it can be easily reconfigured for adifferent task. Describes the desired characteristics of a climbinginspection robot and how the prototype robot has been designed andconstructed. Gives the system specifications and performance and concludesthat laboratory operation of the CART prototype robot on a steel plate thatsimulates an oil storage tank has demonstrated that a cost-effectivesystem can be built entirely from standard, commercially availablecomponents.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 14-17 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Outlines research work to design a robot calibration system which isportable, accurate and low-cost. Describes prototype measuring systemwhich is based on a camera in the robot hand, plus a known reference objectin the robot workspace. Gives details of the measuring procedure, the cameralens, the reference plate and the possible sources of measurement errors.Concludes that this method, based on photogrammetry to obtain measurementsfor the calibration of robot systems, has been implemented and tested andprovides promising results for practical application.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 35-39 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes a robot calibration package which produces a set of identifiedrobot model parameters. Uses a measurement target mounted on therobot's end effector and a pair of theodolites under automatic control.Typically permits the global positioning error of a robot to be reduced from10 mm to 1mm. Concludes that calibration procedures such as these areessential for successful off-line programming of robotsystems.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 18-20 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Looks at the kind of technological education and training which will benecessary to staff the successful companies of the year 2000, concentratingon the recent European Automation and Robotics Training Conference held inLondon, where a discussion of this subject took place. Topics coveredincluded ways of unlocking European funds to support education and trainingprojects, the need for hybrid technicians with multi-disciplinaryskills and the launching of the first undergraduate degree course in the UKwith robotics as a central theme. Concludes that training in robotics andautomation is becoming more difficult as the complexity of controls,monitoring and adaptive devices grows. There is a need for more awareness ofindustry when developing courses for upcoming technicians and engineeringgraduates and a need to develop a continuous improvement culture that updatesthe education training of management and staff at all levels incompanies.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 28-31 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes a project to develop an intelligent robot system to mechanizethe finishing of dies and moulds. Examines the concept of the finishing ofsurfaces and the distinction between grinding and polishing.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 10-14 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Examines the potential for introducing automation processes includingrobots into the construction industry. Outlines some of the problems to betackled including the technical and organisational problems of site layoutsand the role of automation and robotics in construction. Looks at theadvantages of using task-specific robots and the development ofmechatronics. Emphasizes the need for the development of CAD in architectureand construction as autonomous robotic machines require appropriate designdescription of a building to make available the necessary information aboutthe developing building geometry on the construction site.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 26-28 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Considers that computer models of construction projects are required asa precursor to automation of the construction process. Examines the problemof building computer models for use in the construction industry that containall the information required for full co-ordination of the designactivity. The uniqueness of each building project and the lack of standard"library" parts adds considerably to the task of creating arealistic 3D model. Also the inevitable minor deviations that would occurduring the construction process require that the model be corrected as workproceeds.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 9-14 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Outlines the state-of-the-art in obstacle avoidanceand path planning for industrial robots that is practical on the currentgeneration of computer hardware. Describes practical vehicle planners andplanning for manipulators. Summarizes that obstacle avoidance and pathplanning are techniques with differing goals. Sonar is the standard method ofobstacle avoidance systems which is largely limited by the reliability of thesensors used. Path planning however is limited by two things: thealgorithms used and the quality of the data available to planners. Concludesthat it is now possible to produce path planning and obstacle avoidancesystems that can be used in practical robotic systems.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 24-26 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Examines work on the development of an undersea remotely operatedvehicle which is both unmanned and untethered. Outlines the difficulty of theonly suitable long-range underwater communication system being anacoustic link which has a very low bandwidth and a very large delay. Theteleprogramming system seeks to overcome this difficulty by creating acomputer simulation of the remote environment and allowing the operator toperform his task entirely within that simulated world. Describes the operatorstation, command generation to the ROV, the detection of errors and thehardware implementation. Concludes that the teleprogramming systems providesa means of performing tasks efficiently, even when the communication betweenoperator and remote site occurs via a low bandwidth, high delay,communications link.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 35-37 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A look at the background of the robotic ideas company, OxfordIntelligent Machines, generally known as OxIM and at some of their currentproducts such as a rehabilitation work cell for disabled people, atoolchanger and Robofish, for robotic handling in fish processing.
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    Industrial robot 21 (1994), S. 18-21 
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    Notes: For the off-line programming of robots to be successful thegraphical simulation must model the real work cell to a very high degree ofaccuracy which calls for equally accurate calibration of the robot. TheUniversity of Surrey has been developing a optical, non-contact3-D repeat motion tracking system called Optotrac to carry out thistask. Outlines the Optotrac specification and principals of operation whichis based on the use of a "cat's eye" target and two laserbeams. Compares Optotrac with other robot metrology tools and gives examplesof fits application. Concludes that most metrology tools are still confinedto the laboratory but as the systems become more widely available and theprices fall they will spread into industrial application.
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