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  • Articles  (351)
  • Nitrogen fixation
  • taxonomy
  • 1995-1999  (351)
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  • Articles  (351)
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  • 1
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    Micromorphology in Mycale taxonomy (Mycalidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae), with the description of two new micracanthoxea-bearing species (1998)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.67 (1998) nr.3 p.187
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Two new species of Mycale with micracanthoxeas are described: Mycale (Aegogropila) lilianae n. sp., mainly characterized by the presence of toxas as large as 300 µm, and Mycale (Carmia) urizae n. sp., the first Mycale with micracanthoxeas described from Africa, characterized by the presence of anisochelae-III with the falx projecting downwards from the middle basal portion of the frontal alae of the head, and by the presence of two morphologically distinct size classes of toxas, with toxas-II being notably oxea-shaped. A discussion of all species of Mycale with micracanthoxeas is included. It is postulated that a comprehensive assessment of the distribution of this character, as well as of other micromorphological features of Mycale spicules, may shed light on the affinities and redefinition of obscure subgenera such as Aegogropila and Carmia.
    Keywords: Poecilosclerida ; Mycalidae ; Mycale ; taxonomy ; micromorphology ; phylogeny ; microscleres ; scanning electron microscopy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 2
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    Geographic variation and taxonomy of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies): morphological and mitochondrial DNA data (1999)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.68 (1999) nr.3 p.181
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Within the newt genus Triturus, the large-bodied species in the T. cristatus (crested newt) superspecies show an unusual degree of variation in relative trunk length as a result of among-taxon variation in interlimb vertebral count. Here we examine the systematic value of this feature as assessed by both exterior measurement (Wolterstorff Index) and direct radiographic count of rib-bearing vertebrae, with particular reference to a number of confounding factors (sex differences, hybridisation, geographic variation, allometry, preservation effects). Using our mtDNA haplotype data, which are largely concordant with geographic distribution of species, we find that direct count of the rib-bearing vertebrae performs more reliably (14% misclassification) than external measurement (31% misclassification) as a species identifier. We therefore recommend this feature as a taxonomic tool, although (like external measurement) it breaks down near hybrid zones. To account for the observed biogeographical pattern and phenotype – genotype discrepancies, a scenario is presented that combines the movement of the contact zone between taxa with asymmetric hybridisation. This scenario applies to species interactions in eastern Yugoslavia and western France.
    Keywords: asymmetric hybridisation ; biogeography ; crested newt ; geographic variation ; morphology ; mtDNA ; taxonomy ; Triturus cristatus
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 3
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    Presence of troglobitized Janiridae (Isopoda: Asellota: Janiroidea) in anchihaline caves of the Balearic Islands (Mediterranean); description of Trogloianiropsis lloberai n. gen., n. sp (1995)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.65 (1995) nr.3 p.177
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-03
    Description: Trogloianiropsis lloberai n. gen., n. sp. is described from the flooded coastal karst of the Balearic Islands. It superficially resembles Ianiropsis Sars, 1897 and Janaira Moreira & Pires, 1977, but differs from both in some remarkable characters. It seems to be restricted to the deeper layers of anchihaline cave lakes, and shows a troglobitized morphology (i.e.: absence of eyes and body pigmentation, and extraordinary elongation of antennae). Since its phyletic affinities are not clear, its biogeographic significance and possible derivation from deep-sea or shallow-water ancestors cannot be established.
    Keywords: Asellota ; Janiridae ; Trogloianiropsis ; anchihaline waters ; Balearic Islands ; taxonomy ; new genus ; new species
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 4
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    Late Cretaceous stomatopods (Crustacea, Malacostraca) from Israel and Jordan (1998)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.67 (1998) nr.4 p.257
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The eryonid decapod Eryon yehoachi Remy & Avnimelech, 1955, from the Late Cretaceous of Israel, is redescribed as a fossil stomatopod species within the new genus Ursquilla. This redescription is based on the original type specimen and two additional records from Israel and Jordan. The material allows a detailed reconstruction of the telson, the sixth abdominal tergite, and part of the uropods. The distinct telson ornamentation of these stomatopods justifies the erection of a new family within the superfamily Squilloidea.
    Keywords: Stomatopoda ; Mesozoic ; Cretaceous ; fossils ; taphonomy ; Squilloidea ; new family Ursquillidae ; taxonomy ; new genus ; Ursquilla
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 5
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    The Dakoticancridae (Decapoda, Brachyura) from the Late Cretaceous of North America and Mexico (1998)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.67 (1998) nr.4 p.237
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The podotrematous crab family Dakoticancridae includes four genera: Dakoticancer Rathbun, Tetracarcinus Weller, Avitelmessus Rathbun, and Seorsus Bishop, all known solely from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Lathelicocarcinus Bishop, originally referred to the family, must be reassigned. Fine details of anatomy, preserved on specimens of D. overanus Rathbun and A. grapsoideus Rathbun, permit description of genital openings and interpretation of functional morphology of appendages. Although one species, D. australis Rathbun, has been found associated with burrow structures, all were probably vagrant epifaunal animals on fine- to medium-grained siliciclastic substrata. Food was probably obtained by generalized low-level predation and scavenging. Results of a cladistic analysis are consistent with the stratigraphic data suggesting that T. subquadrata Weller is nearest the rootstock of the family and that other taxa within the family are derived from it.
    Keywords: Dakoticancridae ; Brachyura ; paleobiology ; paleobiogeography ; Late Cretaceous ; North America ; Mexico ; taxonomy ; cladistics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 6
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    Revision of the genus Cleistanthus (Euphorbiaceae) in the Philippines (1999)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.44 (1999) nr.1 p.109
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The Philippine species of the euphorbiaceous genus Cleistanthus are revised. Sixteen species are recognised for this archipelago of which two are recorded from there for the first time. The oldest available combination from the Philippines [C. orgyalis (Blanco) Merr.] remains obscure and three collections from Palawan are tentatively treated as a separate taxon (C. spec. A). Three species are illustrated here and distribution maps for the Philippines are given for all species.
    Keywords: Cleistanthus ; Philippines ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 7
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    New cave-dwelling amphipods (Lysianassidae, Hadziidae) from the Dominican Republic (Hispaniola) (1998)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.68 (1998) nr.1 p.37
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Two new stygobiont amphipods are described from anchialine caves located in the Jaragua region (Pedernales Prov., Dominican Republic, Hispaniola). Ottenwalderia kymbalion gen. et sp. nov. is the first lysianassoid known to have penetrated into completely fresh waters, and the fourth colonizing hypogean habitats. Bahadzia jaraguensis sp. nov. is the second representative of this West Indian thalasso-stygobiont genus to be reported from fresh waters; it exhibits the most troglomorphic aspect (i.e. elongation of first antennae and sixth pereiopods) recorded for the genus. Its diagnosis is complemented with a key to the species of the genus Bahadzia. The in situ swimming behaviour of both taxa is briefly described. It is postulated that both amphipods share a rather recent, Plio-Pleistocene marine origin, having invaded passively the continental waters in the way described by the so-called Regression model.
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Amphipoda ; Ottenwalderia ; gen. nov. ; Bahadzia ; anchialine caves ; stygobionts ; taxonomy ; biogeography
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 8
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    A taxonomic revision of the genera Cycas and Epicycas gen. nov. (Cycadaceae) (1998)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.43 (1998) nr.2 p.351
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The genus Cycas L is divided into four subgenera, all new, and thirty species are described, of which two are new. A new Asian genus, Epicycas de Laub., is recognized for several Cycas species and one undescribed species with a subterranean bulbous stem base. Keys to the subgenera of Cycas and their species, and to the genus Epicycas are given.
    Keywords: Cycas ; Epicycas ; morphology ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 9
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    Revision of the genera Aleurites, Reutealis and Vernicia (Euphorbiaceae) (1999)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.44 (1999) nr.1 p.73
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The three closely related genera Aleurites J. R. Forst. & G. Forst., Reutealis Airy Shaw and Vernicia Lour., together constituting the subtribe Aleuritinae of the tribe Aleuritideae (Euphorbiaceae subfamily Crotonoideae), are revised. Originally included in Aleurites, Reutealis and Vernicia are considered generically distinct on account of differences in the indumentum, leaf base, inflorescences, number of stamens and fruit type. This distinction has also been confirmed by a recent phylogenetic analysis. Aleurites (2 species) differs from Reutealis and Vernicia by the more numerous stamens arranged in 4 rather than in 2 whorls, and the indehiscent fruits. The monotypic genus Reutealis can easily be distinguished from Aleurites and Vernicia by its five-angular or five-ribbed rather than terete twigs, the presence of rather persistent, hooded bracts, and spatulately flattened rather than terete stigmas. Vernicia (3 species) differs from the other two genera by its large and showy flowers arranged in corymbiform rather than in pyramidal thyrses and the lack of stellate hairs. Moreover, in Vernicia lobed leaves show conspicuous glands at the nadir of each sinus while in Aleurites these glands are absent (leaves of Reutealis are never lobed).
    Keywords: Aleurites ; Reutealis ; Vernicia ; Malesia ; systematics ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 10
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    The phylogeny and taxonomic status of the Chlorocystini (sensu stricto) (Homoptera, Tibicinidae) (1995)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.65 (1995) nr.4 p.201
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-03
    Description: The “Baeturia and related genera complex”, as defined earlier (De Boer, 1990) by shared aedeagal characters, is identified as the tribe Chlorocystini (sensu stricto). The Prasiini (sensu stricto) are identified as the sister group of the Chlorocystini (sensu stricto), while the genus Muda is recognized as the nearest outgroup. The phylogeny and biogeography of the sister group and outgroup is briefly discussed. Baeturia kuroiwae Matsumura is transferred to the genus Muda. A phylogenetic reconstruction of all 147 species of the Chlorocystini (sensu stricto) is presented, based on 154 characters and 409 character states. The computer program PAUP 3.1.1 (Swofford, 1993) was used for analysing the data; the genera Prasia and Muda were used as outgroups in this analysis. The results obtained from the computer analysis were slightly modified a posteriori, favouring some presumably phylogenetically important characters over strongly fluctuating ones. These final modifications were carried out with the aid of the computer program MacClade 3.0 (Maddison & Maddison, 1992). A complete data matrix and a list of characters and character states are given in an appendix; for descriptions and illustrations of these characters one is referred to previous publications.
    Keywords: Homoptera ; Chlorocystini ; Prasiini ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 11
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    Conceptual issues in phylogeny, taxonomy, and nomenclature (1996)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.66 (1996) nr.1 p.3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-03
    Description: Phylogenetic hypotheses are designed and tested (usually in implicit form) on the basis of a set of presumptions, that is, of statements describing a certain order of things in nature. These statements are to be accepted as such, no matter whatever evidence for them exists, but only in the absence of reasonably sound evidence pleading against them. A set of the most current phylogenetic presumptions is discussed, and a factual example of a practical realization of the approach is presented. A comparison is made of the three main taxonomic approaches hitherto developed, viz., phenetics, cladistics, and phylistics (= evolutionary systematics). The latter term denotes an approach that tries explicitly to represent the basic features of traditional taxonomy and particularly its use of evidence derived from both a similarity and the relatedness of the taxa involved. The phylistic approach has certain advantages in the answering of the basic aims of taxonomy. Taxonomic nomenclature is found to rely ultimately on a few basic principles. Nine of these principles are formulated explicitly: six of them are taxonomically independent, and three are taxonomically dependent, that is, they are only compatible with particular taxonomic concepts. Judging from current taxonomic practice, a taxon is neither a class nor an individual, but a continuum (a notion combining some features of both the class and the individual) of subtaxa that is delimited by a gap separating it from other such continua. The type concept is found to be the best available tool to operate within the concept of the taxon-continuum.
    Keywords: Phylogeny ; taxonomy ; phenetics ; cladistics ; phylistics ; principles of nomenclature ; type concept ; paleoentomology ; Xyelidae (Vespida)
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 12
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    Presence of troglobitized Janiridae (Isopoda: Asellota: Janiroidea) in anchihaline caves of the Balearic Islands (Mediterranean); description of Trogloianiropsis lloberai n. gen., n. sp (1995)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 177-187
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Trogloianiropsis lloberai n. gen., n. sp. is described from the flooded coastal karst of the Balearic Islands. It superficially resembles Ianiropsis Sars, 1897 and Janaira Moreira & Pires, 1977, but differs from both in some remarkable characters. It seems to be restricted to the deeper layers of anchihaline cave lakes, and shows a troglobitized morphology (i.e.: absence of eyes and body pigmentation, and extraordinary elongation of antennae). Since its phyletic affinities are not clear, its biogeographic significance and possible derivation from deep-sea or shallow-water ancestors cannot be established.
    Keywords: Asellota ; Janiridae ; Trogloianiropsis ; anchihaline waters ; Balearic Islands ; taxonomy ; new genus ; new species
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 13
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    Conceptual issues in phylogeny, taxonomy, and nomenclature (1996)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 66 no. 1, pp. 3-41
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Phylogenetic hypotheses are designed and tested (usually in implicit form) on the basis of a set of presumptions, that is, of statements describing a certain order of things in nature. These statements are to be accepted as such, no matter whatever evidence for them exists, but only in the absence of reasonably sound evidence pleading against them. A set of the most current phylogenetic presumptions is discussed, and a factual example of a practical realization of the approach is presented.\nA comparison is made of the three main taxonomic approaches hitherto developed, viz., phenetics, cladistics, and phylistics (= evolutionary systematics). The latter term denotes an approach that tries explicitly to represent the basic features of traditional taxonomy and particularly its use of evidence derived from both a similarity and the relatedness of the taxa involved. The phylistic approach has certain advantages in the answering of the basic aims of taxonomy.\nTaxonomic nomenclature is found to rely ultimately on a few basic principles. Nine of these principles are formulated explicitly: six of them are taxonomically independent, and three are taxonomically dependent, that is, they are only compatible with particular taxonomic concepts. Judging from current taxonomic practice, a taxon is neither a class nor an individual, but a continuum (a notion combining some features of both the class and the individual) of subtaxa that is delimited by a gap separating it from other such continua. The type concept is found to be the best available tool to operate within the concept of the taxon-continuum.
    Keywords: Phylogeny ; taxonomy ; phenetics ; cladistics ; phylistics ; principles of nomenclature ; type concept ; paleoentomology ; Xyelidae (Vespida)
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 14
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    The jacoona assemblage of the genus Dundubia Amyot & Serville (Homoptera: Cicadidae): a taxonomic study of its species and a discussion of its phylogenetic relationships (1996)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 66 no. 3, pp. 129-184
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The species of Orientopsaltria with unicolorous opercula and three related species of Platylomia are transferred to the genus Dundubia and allocated in the \xe2\x80\x98Dundubia jacoona assemblage\xe2\x80\x99 pending further investigation. The assemblage comprises eleven species in total; all are found in the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago, Indo-China, and the adjoining parts of China and India. The four species which were until now placed in Orientopsaltria are D. feae (Distant, 1892), D. jacoona (Distant, 1888), D. nigripes (Moulton, 1923), and D. oopaga (Distant, 1881). The three species transferred from Platylomia are D. hainanensis (Distant, 1901), D. nagarasingna Distant, 1881, and D. spiculata Noualhier, 1896. These seven species are all redescribed. Four species are described as new: D. myitkyinensis, D. ayutthaya, D. laterocurvata, and D. sinbyudaw. Seven species are synonymized: O. andersoni (Distant, 1883) with D. oopaga, D. bifasciata Liu, 1940 with O. hastata D. hainanensis, (Moulton, 1923) and D. siamensis Haupt, 1918 with D. spiculata, O. fratercula (Distant, 1912) and D. helena Distant, 1912 with D. nagarasingna, and D. longina Distant, 1917 with D. feae. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: Cosmopsaltria andersoni, C.feae, C. fratercula, C. hastata, C. nagarasingna, C. nigripes, C. oopaga, D. helena, D. longina, and D. spiculata. A key to the males is presented and the distributions of the species are discussed. The relationships of the D. jacoona assemblage with Dundubia, Platylomia, and the remaining species of Orientopsaltria are discussed. The species of the D. jacoona assemblage most likely do not form a monophyletic group on their own but rather with Dundubia s. str.
    Keywords: Cicadidae ; Dundubia ; Jacoona assemblage ; taxonomy ; new species ; phylogeny
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 15
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    Morphological and allozyme studies of midwife toads (genus Alytes), including the description of two new taxa from Spain (1995)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 5-32
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Allozyme variation in 31 to 50 presumptive loci of 12 populations of European midwife toads of the genus Alytes show appreciable genetic divergences (DiNe from 0.29 to 0.72) among four groups. These groups correspond to A. cisternasii Bosc\xc3\xa1, 1879, A. obstetricans (Laurenti, 1768), A. muletensis (Sanchiz & Adrover, 1979), and a new species from the Betic mountains described here as A. dickhilleni n. sp. Smaller divergences among geographic groups of populations of A. obstetricans (up to DNei = 0.17) support the existence of three geographic units in Europe corresponding to the previously recognized subspecies A. o. obstetricans and A. o. boscai Lataste, 1879, plus a third one described here under the designation of A. o. almogavarii n. ssp. The analysis of morphological variation among taxa using principal component and discriminant analysis shows a remarkable similarity between A. dickhilleni and A. obstetricans; these are cryptic species. A phylogenetic analysis of allozyme data using A. cisternasii as the outgroup supports a sister taxon relationship between A. muletensis and A. dickhilleni, with A. obstetricans the sister taxon to this clade. The historical biogeography of the genus is discussed.
    Keywords: Allozymes ; Alytes ; midwife toads ; morphometry ; Spain ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 16
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    A standardized description of European Sminthuridae (Collembola, Symphypleona), 3: description of seven species of Sminthurus, including four new to science (1995)
    In:  Bijdragen tot de dierkunde vol. 64 no. 4, pp. 215-237
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The following three species are redescribed: Sminthurus viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), Sminthurus nigromaculatus Tullberg, 1871, and Sminthurus multipunctatus Sch\xc3\xa4ffer, 1896. Four new species are described from France and Spain: Sminthurus bourgeoisi n. sp., Sminthurus bozoulensis n. sp., Sminthurus leucomelanus n.sp.,and Sminthurus hispanicus n. sp. The importance of the ontogeny of chaetotaxy is stressed. Indeed, not all species acquire the secondary chaetotaxy in the same instar, and for these characters the most informative instar is not the adult but the third juvenile instar. The study of such characters involves the clustering of similar characters. A short discussion is given about this issue (selection of characters and clustering criteria).
    Keywords: Collembola ; Symphypleona ; Sminthurus ; chaetotaxy ; new species ; taxonomy ; ontogeny ; France ; Spain
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 17
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    Isopoda Asellota de Turquie r\xc3\xa9colt\xc3\xa9s en 1987. Netherlands biospeleological explorations in Turkey, 5 (1996)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 66 no. 1, pp. 55-62
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Asellus aquaticus is present in 19 of about 100 Turkish groundwater stations prospected during biospeleological explorations. All specimens of these stygophilic populations remain oculate, even though their integumental pigmentation is more or less reduced.\nProasellus lykaonicus Argano & Pesce, 1978 has been found again in a second cave, nearby the type locality. A large and endemic, stygobiont species, Proasellus pisidicus n. sp., from phreatic groundwater, Vil\xc3\xa2yet Burdur, and the minute Proasellus pamphylicus n. sp. from interstitial waters of the eastern part of Vil\xc3\xa2yet Antalya are described.\nThe stygobiont proasellids of Asia Minor, P. lykaonicus and P. pisidicus n. sp. belong to the same phylogenetic strain of Proasellus as those of Transcaucasia, Lebanon, and the Balkan Peninsula.\nSome Janiroidea of the genus Microparasellus are recorded from three inland groundwater localities. Finally, Jaera aff. massiliensis apparently enters fresh waters in a littoral psammic locality.
    Keywords: Isopoda ; Asellus ; Proasellus n. sp. ; Jaera ; Microparasellus sp. ; groundwaters ; taxonomy ; Turkey
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 18
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    Melitidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from anchihaline limestone caves in New Caledonia (1995)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 65 no. 4, pp. 245-269
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Four new species of Melitidae (Amphipoda) are described from anchihaline limestone caves in New Caledonia. Three species are classified with Josephosella Ruffo, 1985 (J. microps n. sp., J. debilis n. sp., and J. proiecta n. sp.) and a new genus, Caledopisa, is erected for the fourth species, C. levis n. sp. The new genus is related to Victoriopisa Karaman & Barnard, 1979.
    Keywords: Cave amphipods ; Melitidae ; New Caledonia ; Josephosella ; Caledopisa ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 19
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    A new interstitial species of Gammarella (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from the western Mediterranean Sea (1995)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 189-200
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: A new species of Gammarella Bate, 1857 is described from shallow water, inhabiting the interstitial system in soft bottoms of the Chafarinas Archipelago (western Mediterranean, N. Africa). The relationships of Gammarella with the genera Nuuanu and Cottesloe are briefly discussed. Numerical taxonomie methods are utilized to differentiate between the morphologically related species and the intermediate species. In a table the principal differentiating characters of Gammarella species are presented. Gammarella garciai n. sp. is characterized by its intermediate position between Gammarella, Nuuanu and Cottesloe, showing an intergradation of characters. Gammarella garciai n. sp. and G. merringannee show ecologically intermediate characters between the larger species, probably nestling, with preference for lightless environments, and the smaller species. The group of smaller species, with eyes poorly developed or absent, show interstitial preferences. A map of the world distribution and a key to the 11 known Gammarella species are presented.
    Keywords: Chafarinas Archipelago ; western Mediterranean ; marine Amphipoda ; taxonomy ; Gammarella ; new species
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  • 20
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    Phylogeny and biogeography of midwife toads (Alytes, Discoglossidae): a rebuttal (1997)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 66 no. 4, pp. 263-268
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Three competing phylogenetic hypotheses for the genus Alytes (midwife toads) are evaluated. Based on quantitative coding of protein characters the most parsimonious solution shows a sister taxon relationship for Alytes dickhilleni and A. muletensis. The alternatives in which A. obstetricans has its sister group in either A. dickhilleni or A. muletensis lack support. Using calibrations derived from protein evolutionary rates, the vicariant events giving rise to A. obstetricans and the lineage leading to the A. muletensis and A. dickhilleni clade and the subsequent splitting between A. muletensis and A. dickhilleni cannot be placed much earlier than the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. Biogeographical scenarios invoking an earlier time of divergence should be rejected.
    Keywords: Allozymes ; Alytes ; biogeography ; midwife toads ; phylogenetics ; Spain ; taxonomy ; vicariance
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  • 21
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    Nonrandom variation in Poecilia marcellinoi n. sp. and P. salvatoris Regan, 1907 in El Salvador (Pisces, Poeciliidae) (1995)
    In:  Bijdragen tot de dierkunde vol. 64 no. 4, pp. 239-252
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: A new species of the genus Poecilia Bloch & Schneider, 1801 is recorded from El Salvador. Morphological and meristic data of P. marcellinoi n. sp. and of the sympatric P. salvatoris Regan, 1907 are analysed. Intra- and interspecific variation are compared and correlated with environmental and interspecific influences. A high degree of character displacement is observed in populations from stable freshwater habitats. In habitats with presumed marine influences, this character displacement is counteracted by ecological stress. Based on the evidence presented, subspecific separation of observed ecotypes from literature is rejected.
    Keywords: Poecilia ; taxonomy ; new species ; morphological variation ; character displacement ; El Salvador
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  • 22
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    Revision of the genus Cleistanthus (Euphorbiaceae) in the Philippines (1999)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 44 no. 1, pp. 109-148
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The Philippine species of the euphorbiaceous genus Cleistanthus are revised. Sixteen species are recognised for this archipelago of which two are recorded from there for the first time. The oldest available combination from the Philippines [C. orgyalis (Blanco) Merr.] remains obscure and three collections from Palawan are tentatively treated as a separate taxon (C. spec. A). Three species are illustrated here and distribution maps for the Philippines are given for all species.
    Keywords: Cleistanthus ; Philippines ; taxonomy
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  • 23
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    Revision of the genera Aleurites, Reutealis and Vernicia (Euphorbiaceae) (1999)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 44 no. 1, pp. 73-98
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The three closely related genera Aleurites J. R. Forst. & G. Forst., Reutealis Airy Shaw and Vernicia Lour., together constituting the subtribe Aleuritinae of the tribe Aleuritideae (Euphorbiaceae subfamily Crotonoideae), are revised. Originally included in Aleurites, Reutealis and Vernicia are considered generically distinct on account of differences in the indumentum, leaf base, inflorescences, number of stamens and fruit type. This distinction has also been confirmed by a recent phylogenetic analysis. Aleurites (2 species) differs from Reutealis and Vernicia by the more numerous stamens arranged in 4 rather than in 2 whorls, and the indehiscent fruits. The monotypic genus Reutealis can easily be distinguished from Aleurites and Vernicia by its five-angular or five-ribbed rather than terete twigs, the presence of rather persistent, hooded bracts, and spatulately flattened rather than terete stigmas. Vernicia (3 species) differs from the other two genera by its large and showy flowers arranged in corymbiform rather than in pyramidal thyrses and the lack of stellate hairs. Moreover, in Vernicia lobed leaves show conspicuous glands at the nadir of each sinus while in Aleurites these glands are absent (leaves of Reutealis are never lobed).
    Keywords: Aleurites ; Reutealis ; Vernicia ; Malesia ; systematics ; taxonomy
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  • 24
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    A new species of Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Anthomedusae: Eudendriidae) from the Netherlands (1998)
    In:  Zoologische Verhandelingen vol. 323 no. 12, pp. 149-154
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-22
    Description: Eudendrium vervoorti spec. nov. is described from the coast of Zeeland, the Netherlands. A key to Dutch species of Eudendrium is included.
    Keywords: Cnidaria ; Hydrozoa ; Eudendrium ; taxonomy ; The Netherlands ; new species.
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  • 25
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    Variation in Cavolinia inflexa (Lesueur, 1813) (Gastropoda: Pteropoda: Euthecosomata) (1998)
    In:  Zoologische Verhandelingen vol. 323 no. 34, pp. 435-440
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Cavolinia inflexa (Lesueur, 1813) proves not to be composed of subspecies or formae, or to show clinal variation. Maximum shell length varies between 4 and 7 mm, shell width between 2 and 4 mm, length/width ratio between 0.51 and 0.81. A geographic pattern in the occurrence of different length/width ratios, on which the subdivision of this species was always based in literature, could not be found. Frequency analyses of length for all samples combined did not show subdivision in local populations and length/width ratios over all samples did show only a pattern of shell growth.\nThere is no valid ground for the subdivision of the species into different taxa.
    Keywords: variation ; taxonomy ; distribution ; Cavolinia ; Pteropoda.
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  • 26
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    Gattya wimleni spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), a new hydroid from Madagascar, and an identification key to the Gattya species (1998)
    In:  Zoologische Verhandelingen vol. 323 no. 9, pp. 107-124
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Gattya wimleni spec. nov. is referred to the family Halopterididae (Hydroida, Thecatae). Colonies were collected at Tul\xc3\xa9ar (SW Madagascar, Indian Ocean) on the deeper part of the lower sloping platform, at 35 to 45 metres depth on the outer slope of the great barrier reef. The specimens were studied in transmitted light and by SEM. They differed from the eight species of Gattya already known in having a hydrothecal margin provided with four large rounded teeth of equal size - one abcauline, one adcauline and two lateral, curving inwards over the aperture, the laterals being hidden behind the lateral nematothecae in profile view. Its closest affinities are with the species G. multithecata (Jarvis, 1922) and G. aglaopheniaformis (Mulder & Trebilcock, 1909). A key is given for the identification of the species. Some of the descriptive characters are discussed: nodes and joints, bithalamy, and mobility of the nematothecae.
    Keywords: Cnidaria ; Hydrozoa ; Thecatae ; Halopterididae ; Gattya ; taxonomy ; morphology ; nemato- theca ; SEM ; Indian Ocean.
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  • 27
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    Studies on Oriental Cydnidae (Heteroptera). XI. A new species of Paraethus Lis, 1994, from Java, with remarks on the systematic position of the genus (1995)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen vol. 69 no. 4, pp. 53-56
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Paraethus jani spec. nov. from Java is described, figured and compared with P. ajmericus Lis, 1994, from India (the only known species of the genus up to now). Remarks on the systematic position of the genus are added.
    Keywords: Heteroptera ; Cydnidae ; Paraethus ; Java ; taxonomy ; new species
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  • 28
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    Further notes on Leptolida (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria) from Canadian Pacific Waters (1998)
    In:  Zoologische Verhandelingen vol. 323 no. 5, pp. 37-68
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: This paper includes new data on Anthoathecatae and Tiarannidae. Paulinum gen. nov., Paulinum lineatum spec. nov., and Euphysa vervoorti spec. nov. are described. A single specimen was assigned tentatively to the Trichydridae as incertae sedis gen., incertae sedis spec. nov. An additional four species (Calycopsis bigelowi, Merga reesi, Paragotoea bathybia and Modeeria rotunda) are recorded from Canadian Pacific and adjacent waters for the first time. The species Bythotiara depressa Naumov, 1960 is redescribed and its relationship to other Calycopsidae is discussed. Other data are briefly summarized to update the Anthomedusae portion of Arai & Brinckmann-Voss (1980:1).
    Keywords: taxonomy ; Leptolida ; Anthoathecatae ; Bythotiaridae ; Pandeidae ; Trichydridae ; Paragotoea ; Paulinum ; Euphysa ; Tiarannidae.
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  • 29
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    Notes on distribution, conservation, and taxonomy OF birds from the Cape Verde Islands, including records of six species new to the archipelago (1997)
    In:  Bulletin Zoologisch Museum vol. 15 no. 13, pp. 89-100
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Recent data on the distribution of birds in the Cape Verde Islands are presented, including records of six species new to the archipelago, viz. Pintail Anas acuta, Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla, Snipe Gallinago gallinago, Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica, African Sand Martin Riparia paludicola, and Song Thrush Turdus philomelos. Also included are data on extentions in range and time within the islands of migrant visitors as well as observations of rare and threatened resident species. Extralimital records of migrant Cape Verde seabirds are summarized and news and views relating to the conservation of threatened endemic taxa are discussed. In addition, some recent studies bearing on the systematics of endemic Procellarids are reviewed.
    Keywords: Cape Verde Islands ; Aves ; distribution ; conservation ; taxonomy
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  • 30
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    Redescription of Echinomunna horrida Vanh\xc3\xb6ffen, 1914, a highly derived and rare species from the Antarctic (Crustacea, Isopoda, Munnidae) (1999)
    In:  Bulletin Zoologisch Museum vol. 17 no. 2, pp. 9-16
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: During an expedition with RV Polarstern (1998) a male specimen of Echinomunna horrida was collected in the supranet of an epibenthic sledge in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Due to an incomplete and poor description by Vanh\xc3\xb6ffen (1914) a redescription is necessary on the basis of the male from the Weddell Sea and the female syntypes from the East Antarctic.
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Isopoda ; Munnidae ; taxonomy ; Weddell Sea ; Antarctic
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  • 31
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    Stelletta hajdui, a new species from the southwestern Atlantic (Porifera, Choristida, Ancorinidae) (1999)
    In:  Bulletin Zoologisch Museum vol. 16 no. 12, pp. 85-88
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: A new species of Stelletta from the southwestern Atlantic, Stelletta hajdui sp.n. is described from the slope off Rio Grande do Sul State coast, Brazil (32\xc2\xb024\'S, 50\xc2\xb015\'W) (Fig.1). The material studied was dredged up at the depth of 200m by the R/V Atl\xc3\xa2ntico Sul, during \xe2\x80\x9cProjeto Talude\xe2\x80\x9d run by Funda\xc3\xa7\xc3\xa3o Universidade de Rio Grande (FURG). A key to the Brazilian Stelletta sponges is provided.
    Keywords: Porifera ; Choristida ; Ancorinidae ; southwestern Atlantic ; taxonomy
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  • 32
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    Notes on Micractaeon, a monotypic genus of African land snails (Gastropoda Pulmonata: Ferussaciidae?) (1995)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen vol. 69 no. 7, pp. 79-92
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Micractaeon kakamegaensis Verdcourt, 1993 (type loc. Kenya, Kakamega Forest), is a synonym of Pseudopeas koptawelilense Germain, 1934 (type loc. Kenya, Mt. Elgon); the proper name is therefore Micractaeon koptawelilensis (Germain, 1934). New anatomical data are supplied, more or less confirming classification in the family Ferussaciidae. The shell is subject to some considerable variation in size, shape and sculpture. The species appears to be widely distributed in various types of forest in tropical Africa (Ghana, Cameroon, eastern and south-eastern Za\xc3\xafre, Kenya, Malawi, and eastern Zambia); hypsometrical distribution is generally from c. 950 m to c. 2300 m, although in Ghana it has been collected at altitudes of between 〈 250 and c. 700 m.
    Keywords: Gastropoda ; Pulmonata ; Ferussaciidae ; Micractaeon ; Africa ; Ghana ; Cameroon ; Za\xc3\xafre ; Kenya ; Zambia ; Mala?i ; taxonomy ; distribution
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  • 33
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    Four new species of Adicella MacLachlan (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Triaenodini) from Sabah, East Malaysia (1997)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen vol. 71 no. 21, pp. 261-268
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Four new species of Adicella MacLachlan, 1877, A. anakpanah spec, nov., A. bavanga spec, nov., A. danumensis spec, nov., and A. gada spec, nov., from Sabah (Borneo), East Malaysia, are described and figured.
    Keywords: Trichoptera ; Adicella ; taxonomy ; Sabah ; Malaysia
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  • 34
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    Revision and Phylogeny of subtribes Chrozophorinae and Doryxylinae (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia and Thailand (1999)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 44 no. 2, pp. 411-436
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: A phylogeny of the complete tribe Chrozophoreae is presented in order to establish the possible monophyly and relationships in subtribes Chrozophorinae (Chrozophora) and Doryxylinae ( Doryxylon, Melanolepis, Sumbaviopsis, Thyrsanthera). Added are the other subtribes in tribe Chrozophoreae, the Speranskiinae (Speranskia) and Ditaxinae ( Argythamnia, Caperonia, Chiropetalum, Ditaxis, Philyra). Outgroups are the genera Agrostistachys and Chondrostylis (tribe Agrostistachydeae).\nThe phylogeny shows two monophyletic groups, subtribe Speranskiinae together with Ditaxinae, and subtribe Chrozophorinae with Doryxylinae. The latter group is statistically well supported by a high bootstrap value. The first group is weakly supported and collapses easily when the characters are selected somewhat differently. The former subtribes Chrozophorinae and Doryxylinae are united into one subtribe, Chrozophorinae. The remaining taxa in tribe Chrozophoreae, the monogeneric subtribe Speranskiinae and subtribe Ditaxinae are united into subtribe Ditaxinae. Within subtribe Chrozophorinae s.l. Chrozophora is sister taxon to all other taxa, followed by Thyrsanthera and Melanolepis. Doryxylon and Sumbaviopsis were apparently the last to separate. The differences between all, mainly monotypic, genera are quite large, therefore, the present delimitation is favoured over a suggested union of Doryxylon and Sumbaviopsis.
    Keywords: Chrozophora ; Doryxylon ; Sumbaviopsis ; Thyrsanthera ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
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  • 35
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    Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) of the Beagle Channel and description of Cymodopsis beageli n. sp (1998)
    In:  Beaufortia vol. 48 no. 7, pp. 137-161
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: During an expedition with RV Victor Hensen (1994) and the RV Polarstern (1996) Isopoda Sphaeromatidae were collected in and off the eastern entrance of the Beagle Channel. The species found, Caecocassidias patagonica Kussakin, 1967, Cassidinopsis emarginata (Gu\xc3\xa9rin-M\xc3\xa9neville, 1843) and Moruloidea darwinii (Cunningham, 1871), were previously all poorly or insufficiently described; therefore a redescription is presented herein. Exosphaeroma gigas (Leach, 1818) was also collected frequently, but it was already redescribed earlier and thus only the localities are presented. Moreover, a new species, Cymodopsis beageli, n.sp., which is most closely allied to Cymodopsis sphyracephalata Hurley & Janssen, 1977, is described from the Beagle Channel.
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Isopoda ; taxonomy ; Beagle Channel ; South America ; Southern Ocean ; Subantarctic
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  • 36
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    Some new species of the subfamily \xe2\x80\x98Leptoceratoidinae\xe2\x80\x99 (Ancyloceratina, Ammonoidea) in uppermost Hauterivian and lower Barremian deposits from Rumania (1999)
    In:  Scripta Geologica. Special Issue vol. 3, pp. 31-43
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The Berriasian \xe2\x80\x94 lower Valanginian genus Leptoceras reappears in the lower Barremian sequences of Rumania, where it is represented by at least two species: L. brunneriforme sp. nov. and L. svinitense sp. nov. This record has led to a revision of the so far accepted taxonomic interpretation of the criomorph Barremian Leptoceratoidinae and of their relationship with the Berriasian-Valanginian Protancyloceratinae. In addition, a new species of the genus Hamulinites (H. nicklesi, from the uppermost Hauterivian) provides evidence that the genus Eoleptoceras Manolov should be considered valid.
    Keywords: Ammonoidea ; Leptoceratoidinae ; new species ; taxonomy ; Hauterivian ; Barremian
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  • 37
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    Nannium kormilevi spec. nov. from Suriname (Heteroptera: Aradidae: Mezirinae) (1997)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen vol. 71 no. 10, pp. 83-88
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Nannium kormilevi spec. nov. from Suriname is described and the known Nannium species, their type specimens and their whereabouts, are listed.
    Keywords: Heteroptera ; Aradidae ; Mezirinae ; Nannium Bergroth ; 1898 ; N. kormilevi spec. nov. ; taxonomy ; Suriname
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  • 38
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    On one new genus and three new species of freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae and Grapsidae) from Lanjak-Entimau, Sarawak, East Malaysia, Borneo (1995)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen vol. 69 no. 5, pp. 57-72
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The freshwater crabs obtained from the Lanjak-Entimau area in Sarawak, East Malaysia, Borneo, are reported upon. One new genus (Ibanum) and two new species of Potamidae (Ibanum aethes and Isolapotamon stuebingi) and a new species of Grapsidae (Geosesarma katibas) are described. The identity of Potamon (Geothelphusa) bicristatum De Man, 1899, orginally described from the upper Kapuas in Kalimantan is also clarified, and is here assigned to the new genus, Ibanum.
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Decapoda ; Brachyura ; Potamidae ; Grapsidae ; freshwater crabs ; taxonomy ; new species ; Sarawak ; Borneo
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  • 39
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    The medusae of some species of Hebella Allman, 1888, and Anthohebella gen. nov. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Lafoeidae), with a world synopsis of species* (1997)
    In:  Zoologische Verhandelingen vol. 310 no. 1, pp. 1-53
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The newly liberated, immature medusae of H. scandens, Hebella furax, H. muscensis, and the liberable eumedusoid of H. dyssymetra are described. The taxonomy of the medusa-producing Hebellinae is revised in the light of life cycle features. Due to inconsistencies between skeletal and medusan features, Hebellopsis is merged into Hebella. The new genus Anthohebella is proposed for the hebellids with swimming gonophores. All the nominal species referred to Hebella and Hebellopsis are discussed; out of the 45 nominal species referred at least once to Hebella and Hebellopsis, 15 are retained as valid: 11 are referred to Hebella and four to Anthohebella gen. nov.; 12 nominal species are considered conspecific with currently recognized species referred to the genera Hebella, Scandia and Lafoea; the remaining 18 nominal species are retained as doubtful.
    Keywords: Cnidaria ; Hydrozoa ; Hydroidomedusae ; Leptomedusae ; taxonomy ; paedomorphosis ; life cycle.
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  • 40
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    A taxonomic, phylogenetic and biogeographic study of the genus Acanthophora (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) (1999)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 44 no. 1, pp. 217-249
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: A cladistic analysis, based on a taxonomic revision is carried out for 7 Acanthophora species using 19 characters. Hypotheses on species affinities are based primarily on morphological characters. Because most species show only few distinctive characters, emphasis was placed on features of spine development, either in relation to vegetative or to reproductive structures. Global distribution of 7 Acanthophora species: viz. A. aokii, A. dendroides, A. muscoides, A. nayadiformis, A. pacifica, A. ramulosa, and A. spicifera, shows a discontinuous pattern. Although widely distributed species are present (A. muscoides and A. spicifera), a disjunct distribution of other species occurs in the Pacific (A. aokii), Indian Ocean (A. dendroides), East-Atlantic region (A. ramulosa), and the Mediterranean and Red Sea (A. nayadiformis). Information on the historical background of the species distribution can be inferred from the obtained phylogenetic tree.
    Keywords: Rhodomelaceae ; Rhodophyta ; biogeography ; phylogenetics ; seaweeds ; taxonomy
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  • 41
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    The genus Faradaya (Labiatae) (1999)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 44 no. 2, pp. 321-342
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: A revision of the genus Faradaya F. Muell. (Labiatae) is presented with taxonomic history, keys, full descriptions, distribution maps and ecological and ethnobotanical notes. Only three species are recognised: F. amicorum (Seem.) Seem., F. lehuntei (Home ex Baker) A.C. Sm. and F. splendida F. Muell.; fifteen names are put into synonymy for the first time.
    Keywords: Faradaya ; Labiatae ; morphology ; taxonomy ; distribution
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  • 42
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    Erylus toxiformis (Porifera, Geodiidae), a new species from the southwestern Atlantic (1999)
    In:  Beaufortia vol. 49 no. 4, pp. 29-33
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: A new species of Erylus (Porifera, Geodiidae) from the southwestern Atlantic, Erylus toxiformis n. sp. is described off Rio Grande do Sul coast, Brazil.
    Keywords: Porifera ; Demospongiae ; Geodiidae ; Erylus toxiformis n.sp. ; southwestern Atlantic ; taxonomy
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  • 43
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    Reef-dwelling Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Spermonde Archipelago (South-West Sulawesi, Indonesia) (1999)
    In:  Zoologische Verhandelingen vol. 329, pp. 1-144
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: During a survey at the Spermonde Archipelago (22.viii-5.x.1994) 56 holothurian species were collected; ten are new to the fauna of Indonesia and one is new to science: Stichopus quadrifasciatus spec. nov. Most of the species are described, figured and discussed. As far as possible, all literature records from 1970 onwards are listed and a distribution map is given for each species.
    Keywords: Echinodermata ; Holothuroidea ; Spermonde Archipelago ; Sulawesi ; Indonesia ; new species ; taxonomy ; distribution range
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  • 44
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    Late Cretaceous-Early Palaeogene echinoderms and the K/Tboundary in the southeast Netherlands and northeast Belgium - Part 2: Crinoids (1999)
    In:  Scripta Geologica vol. 116, pp. 59-255
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: All Campanian, Maastrichtian and Danian articulate (cladid) crinoids known to date from the extendedtype area of the Maastrichtian Stage, are described and illustrated. The geographic and stratigraphicdistribution of this unexpectedly diverse echinoderm group are documented. A total of twentygenera (three of them new) and thirty-six species (six of them new) are defined: Austinocrinus bicoronatus(von Hagenow, 1840), \xe2\x80\x98Isocrinus\xe2\x80\x99 sp., \xe2\x80\x98I.\xe2\x80\x99 lanceolatus (Roemer, 1840)?, Isselicrinus buchii (Roemer,1840), Praeisselicrinus? limburgicus (Rasmussen, 1961), Nielsenicrinus agassizii (von Hagenow, 1840) (=\xe2\x80\x98Pentacrinites\xe2\x80\x99 kloedeni von Hagenow, 1840), N. ewaldi sp. nov., Jaekelometra gr. belgica (Jaekel, 1902), J.gr. concava (Schl\xc3\xbcter, 1878) (= J. columnaris Gisl\xc3\xa9n, 1924 and including forma meijeri Rasmussen, 1961),J.? defectiva sp. nov., Placometra gr. laticirra (Carpenter, 1880), Atuatucametra annae gen. et sp. nov.,Amphorometra gr. conoidea (Goldfuss, 1839), Semiometra impressa (Carpenter, 1881), S. lenticularis (Schl\xc3\xbcter, 1878), S. saskiae sp. nov., Loriolometra retzii (Lundgren, 1875), Hertha gr. pygmea Gisl\xc3\xa9n, 1924,H. gr. plana (Br\xc3\xbcnnich Nielsen, 1913), H. gr. mystica von Hagenow, 1840 (?), Bourgueticrinus sp. 1 (aff.baculatus Klikushin, 1982c), Bourgueticrinus sp. 2, B. bruennichinielseni \xc3\x98dum, in Jessen & \xc3\x98dum, 1923,B. aff. brydonei Rasmussen, 1961, B. constrictus (von Hagenow, in Quenstedt, 1876), B. danicusBr\xc3\xbcnnich Nielsen, 1913, B. hureae (Valette, 1917), B.? suedicus (Carpenter, 1881), Democrinus? maximus(Br\xc3\xbcnnich Nielsen, 1915), Monachocrinus? gallicus Rasmussen, 1961, Cyathidium vlieksi Jagt, 1986, Applinocrinuscretaceus (Bather, 1924), Birgelenocrinus degraafigen. et sp. nov., and Veugelersia diana gen. etsp. nov. It is demonstrated that comatulids and bourgueticrinids/bathycrinids in particular show awide range of variation. Awaiting detailed biometric analyses of modern comatulid populations anda reassessment of comatulid taxonomy, for the time being the use of open nomenclature (Bengtson,1988) is favoured in these instances. Generic reassignments are proposed for Isocrinus? carinatusRoemer, 1840 [sensu Rasmussen, 1961] and Bourgueticrinus aequalis d\xe2\x80\x99Orbigny, 1841: to the cainocrinidgenus Nielsenicrinus and to the otherwise exclusively North American Late Cretaceous genus Dunnicrinus,respectively.
    Keywords: Echinodermata ; Crinoidea ; Late Cretaceous ; Early Palaeogene ; taxonomy ; stratigraphy
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  • 45
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    Streptaxidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) of the Seychelles Islands, Western Indian Ocean (1999)
    In:  Zoologische Verhandelingen vol. 328, pp. 1-60
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The taxonomy of the species of the terrestrial carnivorous snail family Streptaxidae of the Seychelles archipelago is reviewed with the exception of the three species of the genus Priodiscus (vide Gerlach, 1995). All 18 species are restricted to the northern, granitic islands. This paper describes 15 species, including two new genera (Silhouettia and Careoradula), and four new subspecies (Edentulina dussumieri reservae, E. d. silhouettae, E. d. praslina, Stereostele nevilli parvidentata). The nominal taxon Streptaxis (Imperturbatia) constans var. silhouettae is raised to species level to become the type species of the new genus Silhouettia. The type species of Careoradula is Streptaxis (Imperturbatia) perelegans. Anatomical descriptions and figures are provided for 13 species; the new genus Careoradula is distinct from all other streptaxids by the complete absence of a radula and associated structures. Distribution is featured on individual maps for each species. The paper concludes with a key to the shells of all species, those of Priodiscus included, and some preliminary considerations on the distribution of this group in the Seychelles archipelago.
    Keywords: Mollusca ; Gastropoda ; Pulmonata ; Streptaxidae ; Seychelles Islands ; taxonomy ; biogeography
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  • 46
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    Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon. Part 9. The Nassariidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) (1999)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen vol. 73, 12-33, pp. 225-238
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: This paper lists all species of the family Nassariidae collected during the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990). Altogether 47 species are reported, of which two, Nassarius maccauslandi and N. rotundus, are new for Indonesia. Four additional species from Ambon are known from collections in the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden and in the Zoological Museum, Amsterdam. Another additional species is mentioned by Adam & Leloup (1938). Five species of Nassariidae were described by Rumphius, of which four were found by the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition.
    Keywords: Mollusca ; Gastropoda ; Nassariidae ; Ambon ; Moluccas ; Indonesia ; distribution ; taxonomy ; Rumphius
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  • 47
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    Insectivore faunas from the Lower Miocene Anatolia. Part4: The genus Desmanodon (Talpidae) with the description of a new species from the Lower Miocene of Spain (1997)
    In:  Proceedings of the Koninklijke Academie van Wetenschappen vol. 100 no. 1-2, pp. 27-65
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: A review is given of the literature on Desmanodon and Paratalpa. These two talpid genera can only be identified on the basis of the morphology of the humerus. Two species of Desmanodon, D. ziegleri n.sp. and D. burkarti n.sp., are described from the Lower Miocene of Anatolia. These species are considered ancestral to the Middle Miocene species of Anatolia. D. ziegleri is also a likely ancestor for the European species of Desmanodon. Desmanodon daamsi n. sp. is described from the Lower Miocene of Spain. The Desmanodon/Paratalpa finds from the Calatayud-Teruel basin (Spain) are discussed.\nThe tribal classification of Desmanodon is problematic, since some species resemble Urotrichini, whereas other are morphologically closer to Scalopini. This suggests that the distinction between the two tribes should be re-evaluated.\nThe stratigraphic and geographic distribution of Desmanodon indicates that the genus immigrated into Europe sometime during the Early Miocene.
    Keywords: Desmanodon ; Paratalpa ; Desmanodon ziegleri ; Desmanodon burkarti ; Desmanodon daamsi n. sp. ; Insectivora ; Lower Miocene ; Anatolia ; Spain ; morphology ; taxonomy
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  • 48
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    A taxonomic revision of the genera Cycas and Epicycas gen. nov. (Cycadaceae) (1998)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 43 no. 2, pp. 351-400
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The genus Cycas L is divided into four subgenera, all new, and thirty species are described, of which two are new. A new Asian genus, Epicycas de Laub., is recognized for several Cycas species and one undescribed species with a subterranean bulbous stem base. Keys to the subgenera of Cycas and their species, and to the genus Epicycas are given.
    Keywords: Cycas ; Epicycas ; morphology ; taxonomy
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  • 49
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    Hummelinckiella borinquensis, a new genus and species in the subfamily Stephopominae (Caenogastropoda: Siliquariidae) with notes on the genera Caporbis and Stephopoma and the \xe2\x80\x9cBlasian subregion\xe2\x80\x9d (1999)
    In:  Bulletin Zoologisch Museum vol. 17 no. 5, pp. 41-46
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: A new genus and species, Hummelinckiella borinquensis n.gen. & n.sp. has been discovered in sediments from shallow water off Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Grand Turk (Turks & Caicos Islands). Because of the striking sculpture of its protoconch, it is placed in a new genus of the subfamily Stephopominae.\nThe only other known western Atlantic member of the Stephopominae is Stephopoma myrakeenae Olsson & McGinty, 1958 recorded from the eastern Caribbean (Leeward Islands), herewith invalidating the \xe2\x80\x9cpaciphile\xe2\x80\x9d status of this species and genus, and casting doubts on the value of the \xe2\x80\x9cBlasian Subregion\xe2\x80\x9d, indicated by Petuch (1990) as a biogeographical unit.
    Keywords: Gastropoda ; Siliquariidae ; Hummelinckiella n.gen. ; West Indies ; taxonomy ; zoogeography
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  • 50
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    Xenarcturus spinulosus Sheppard, 1957 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Valvifera): Redescription of a specimen from the Strait of Magellan (1995)
    In:  Bulletin Zoologisch Museum vol. 14 no. 9, pp. 145-152
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: A redescription of a primitive arcturid species, Xenarcturus spinulosus, from the Strait of Magellan is presented with discussion of the systematic position of the monotypical subfamily Xenarcturinae.
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Valvifera ; Xenarcturinae ; taxonomy
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  • 51
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    The Genus Leucothoe (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Leucothoidae) on the Brazilian Coast (1998)
    In:  Beaufortia vol. 48 no. 6, pp. 105-135
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: This study comprises the description of four new species of Leucothoe Leach, 1814 (L. basilobata n. sp., L. cheiriserra n. sp., L. leptosa n. sp., and L. urospinosa n. sp.), redescriptions of L. lihue Barnard (1970), L. tridens Stebbing (1888), and L. spinicarpa (Abildgaard, 1789), and a new record of L. laurensi Thomas & Ortiz (1995) for the Brazilian coast. Considerations on geographic distribution are given.
    Keywords: Amphipoda ; Leucothoidae ; Leucothoe ; distribution ; taxonomy ; Brazil
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  • 52
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    A new, Neotropical species of Acanthocyclops (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae) (1999)
    In:  Beaufortia vol. 49 no. 5, pp. 37-45
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Acanthocyclops smithae, a new species of cyclopoid copepod and a member of the A. vernalis-robustus group, is described from Honduras and southeastern Mexico. The few previous records of species of Acanthocyclops in tropical latitudes apparently refer to isolated populations of a few widespread temperate species. Acanthocyclops smithae is the only known exclusively tropical member of the genus.
    Keywords: Acanthocyclops ; Copepoda ; Cyclopoida ; taxonomy ; Honduras ; Mexico ; neotropics
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  • 53
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    The phylogeny and taxonomic status of the Chlorocystini (sensu stricto) (Homoptera, Tibicinidae) (1995)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 65 no. 4, pp. 201-231
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The \xe2\x80\x9cBaeturia and related genera complex\xe2\x80\x9d, as defined earlier (De Boer, 1990) by shared aedeagal characters, is identified as the tribe Chlorocystini (sensu stricto). The Prasiini (sensu stricto) are identified as the sister group of the Chlorocystini (sensu stricto), while the genus Muda is recognized as the nearest outgroup. The phylogeny and biogeography of the sister group and outgroup is briefly discussed. Baeturia kuroiwae Matsumura is transferred to the genus Muda. A phylogenetic reconstruction of all 147 species of the Chlorocystini (sensu stricto) is presented, based on 154 characters and 409 character states. The computer program PAUP 3.1.1 (Swofford, 1993) was used for analysing the data; the genera Prasia and Muda were used as outgroups in this analysis. The results obtained from the computer analysis were slightly modified a posteriori, favouring some presumably phylogenetically important characters over strongly fluctuating ones. These final modifications were carried out with the aid of the computer program MacClade 3.0 (Maddison & Maddison, 1992). A complete data matrix and a list of characters and character states are given in an appendix; for descriptions and illustrations of these characters one is referred to previous publications.
    Keywords: Homoptera ; Chlorocystini ; Prasiini ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
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  • 54
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    Nouvelles donn\xc3\xa9es sur le genre Bragasellus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae) (1996)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 66 no. 2, pp. 109-118
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: From now on, the genus Bragasellus Henry & Magniez, 1968 includes 2 oculated and 17 stygobiotic species. As a natural and monophyletic taxonomic unit, we consider it a good genus.\nIts original area corresponds to the north-west quarter of the Iberian Peninsula. Secondarily, this area has extended eastward, using mainly the alluvial channels of hydrographic systems (R\xc3\xados Douro + Ebro and tributaries), finally reaching the underground waters of several Mediterranean rivers.\nThis active expansion is exclusively due to the migration of two stygobiotic sibling species: B. lagari Henry & Magniez, 1973 towards the high basin of the R\xc3\xado Tajo, then downstream to the basins of the R\xc3\xados Jucar and Turia (Prov. Valencia); and B. lagarioides n. sp., downstream the R\xc3\xado Ebro basin, towards the R\xc3\xado Gaya basin (Prov. Tarragona).
    Keywords: Bragasellus ; stygobionts ; active expansion ; recent alluvial deposits ; taxonomy ; new species ; zoogeography ; Iberian Peninsula
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  • 55
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    Parastenocaris hispanica n. sp. (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae) from hyporheic groundwaters in Spain and its phylogenetic position within the fontinalis-group of species (1997)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 66 no. 4, pp. 215-226
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Parastenocaris hispanica n. sp. is described from hyporheic groundwaters in Spain. The phylogenetic position of the new species within the fontinalis-group Lang is discussed. As a result P. fontinalis meridionalis Rouch is elevated to species rank. The fontinalis-group is characterized by six autapomorphic characters.
    Keywords: Harpacticoida ; Parastenocaris hispanica ; new species ; fontinalis-group ; Fontinalicaris ; taxonomy ; phylogeny ; zoogeography
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  • 56
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    New hypogean cyclopoid copepods (Crustacea) from the Yucat\xc3\xa1n Peninsula, Mexico (1996)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 66 no. 2, pp. 65-102
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Four previously unknown hypogean species of cyclopoid copepods were collected in cenotes and wells of the Yucat\xc3\xa1n Peninsula, Mexico. Diacyclops chakan sp. n. and D. puuc sp. n. differ from their congeners in combining 3-segmented swimming legs, 11-segmented antennules, and legs 1-4 endopodite segment 2 all with 2 setae. Species of Diacyclops rarely occur in tropical regions, and the Diacyclops described here are only the second and third species recorded from Mexico. The benthic D. puuc was found in the large underground reservoir of a cenote. Diacyclops chakan was encountered in such large open subterranean water basins, but more frequently and abundantly in wells.\nThe two Mesocyclops species, M. chaci sp. n. and M. yutsil sp. n., most closely resemble their epigean benthic congener M. reidae Petkovski, but are modified by loss of some body ornament and attenuation of swimming legs and mouthparts. Mesocyclops chaci sp. n. occupies crevicular spaces (wells and small caverns). The second species, M. yutsil sp. n., with more pronounced attenuation of legs, has a planktonic life in large subterranean water volumes. The extremely attenuated appendages of both species distinguish them from all other Mesocyclops, and resemble those of the hypogean Kieferiella delamarei Lescher-Moutou\xc3\xa9. These three species are considered as a species-flock which have radiated as specialists within a highly dynamic geomorphological environment.
    Keywords: Diacyclops ; Mesocyclops ; Copepoda ; Cyclopoida ; biogeography ; evolution ; hypogean ; karst ; species-flock ; taxonomy ; Mexico
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  • 57
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    Phylogeny and biogeography of midwife toads (Alytes, Discoglossidae): a reappraisal (1997)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 66 no. 4, pp. 257-262
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The allozyme data base of Arntzen & Garc\xc3\xada-Par\xc3\xads (1995) on midwife toads (Alytes, Discoglossidae) is reanalysed considering each locus as a discrete character. The phylogeny thus inferred differs from the one obtained with genetic distances in the position of A. dickhilleni from the Betic region \xe2\x80\x93 it appears that its sister species is the widespread A. obstetricans, not the Mallorcan endemic A. muletensis. This phylogenetic hypothesis agrees with the taxonomic treatment of the genus based on morphology. A testable biogeographic hypothesis is proposed to account for the diversification of midwife toads in Iberia and the Balearics. The postulated underlying geological changes were the spread of inland saline lakes that divided Iberia (16 mY B.P.), the emergence and break-up of the Betic orogen (14 mY), and the formation of the Betic Strait (8 mY). Dispersal over sea channels or during the Messinian Crisis (6 mY) are deemed unlikely on the basis of ecological and biogeographical data.
    Keywords: Alytes ; midwife toads ; taxonomy ; phylogeny ; biogeography ; Western Mediterranean ; Iberia ; Balearic Islands
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  • 58
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    Some Megadrili Oligochaeta from the Caribbean Region (1995)
    In:  Studies on the Natural History of the Caribbean Region vol. 72 no. 1, pp. 47-53
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Righi, Gilberto, 1995. Some megadrili oligochaeta of the Caribbean Region. Studies Nat. Hist. Caribbean Region 72, Amsterdam, 1993: 47-53. Numerous Caribbean samples of the Megadrili \xe2\x80\x93 mainly peregrine anthropochorous species \xe2\x80\x93 are presented; and a description of Diachaeta (D) bonairensis sp. n. is given.
    Keywords: Venezuela ; Antilles ; Diachaeta bonairensis sp. n. ; Oligochaetae ; taxonomy ; Suriname.
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  • 59
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    The Dakoticancridae (Decapoda, Brachyura) from the Late Cretaceous of North America and Mexico (1998)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 67 no. 4, pp. 237-255
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The podotrematous crab family Dakoticancridae includes four genera: Dakoticancer Rathbun, Tetracarcinus Weller, Avitelmessus Rathbun, and Seorsus Bishop, all known solely from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Lathelicocarcinus Bishop, originally referred to the family, must be reassigned. Fine details of anatomy, preserved on specimens of D. overanus Rathbun and A. grapsoideus Rathbun, permit description of genital openings and interpretation of functional morphology of appendages. Although one species, D. australis Rathbun, has been found associated with burrow structures, all were probably vagrant epifaunal animals on fine- to medium-grained siliciclastic substrata. Food was probably obtained by generalized low-level predation and scavenging. Results of a cladistic analysis are consistent with the stratigraphic data suggesting that T. subquadrata Weller is nearest the rootstock of the family and that other taxa within the family are derived from it.
    Keywords: Dakoticancridae ; Brachyura ; paleobiology ; paleobiogeography ; Late Cretaceous ; North America ; Mexico ; taxonomy ; cladistics
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  • 60
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    Late Cretaceous stomatopods (Crustacea, Malacostraca) from Israel and Jordan (1998)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 67 no. 4, pp. 257-266
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The eryonid decapod Eryon yehoachi Remy & Avnimelech, 1955, from the Late Cretaceous of Israel, is redescribed as a fossil stomatopod species within the new genus Ursquilla. This redescription is based on the original type specimen and two additional records from Israel and Jordan. The material allows a detailed reconstruction of the telson, the sixth abdominal tergite, and part of the uropods. The distinct telson ornamentation of these stomatopods justifies the erection of a new family within the superfamily Squilloidea.
    Keywords: Stomatopoda ; Mesozoic ; Cretaceous ; fossils ; taphonomy ; Squilloidea ; new family Ursquillidae ; taxonomy ; new genus ; Ursquilla
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  • 61
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    Geographic variation and taxonomy of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies): morphological and mitochondrial DNA data (1999)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 68 no. 3, pp. 181-203
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Within the newt genus Triturus, the large-bodied species in the T. cristatus (crested newt) superspecies show an unusual degree of variation in relative trunk length as a result of among-taxon variation in interlimb vertebral count. Here we examine the systematic value of this feature as assessed by both exterior measurement (Wolterstorff Index) and direct radiographic count of rib-bearing vertebrae, with particular reference to a number of confounding factors (sex differences, hybridisation, geographic variation, allometry, preservation effects). Using our mtDNA haplotype data, which are largely concordant with geographic distribution of species, we find that direct count of the rib-bearing vertebrae performs more reliably (14% misclassification) than external measurement (31% misclassification) as a species identifier. We therefore recommend this feature as a taxonomic tool, although (like external measurement) it breaks down near hybrid zones. To account for the observed biogeographical pattern and phenotype \xe2\x80\x93 genotype discrepancies, a scenario is presented that combines the movement of the contact zone between taxa with asymmetric hybridisation. This scenario applies to species interactions in eastern Yugoslavia and western France.
    Keywords: asymmetric hybridisation ; biogeography ; crested newt ; geographic variation ; morphology ; mtDNA ; taxonomy ; Triturus cristatus
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    New cave-dwelling amphipods (Lysianassidae, Hadziidae) from the Dominican Republic (Hispaniola) (1998)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 68 no. 1, pp. 37-66
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Two new stygobiont amphipods are described from anchialine caves located in the Jaragua region (Pedernales Prov., Dominican Republic, Hispaniola). Ottenwalderia kymbalion gen. et sp. nov. is the first lysianassoid known to have penetrated into completely fresh waters, and the fourth colonizing hypogean habitats. Bahadzia jaraguensis sp. nov. is the second representative of this West Indian thalasso-stygobiont genus to be reported from fresh waters; it exhibits the most troglomorphic aspect (i.e. elongation of first antennae and sixth pereiopods) recorded for the genus. Its diagnosis is complemented with a key to the species of the genus Bahadzia. The in situ swimming behaviour of both taxa is briefly described. It is postulated that both amphipods share a rather recent, Plio-Pleistocene marine origin, having invaded passively the continental waters in the way described by the so-called Regression model.
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Amphipoda ; Ottenwalderia ; gen. nov. ; Bahadzia ; anchialine caves ; stygobionts ; taxonomy ; biogeography
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Micromorphology in Mycale taxonomy (Mycalidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae), with the description of two new micracanthoxea-bearing species (1998)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 67 no. 3, pp. 187-195
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Two new species of Mycale with micracanthoxeas are described: Mycale (Aegogropila) lilianae n. sp., mainly characterized by the presence of toxas as large as 300 \xc2\xb5m, and Mycale (Carmia) urizae n. sp., the first Mycale with micracanthoxeas described from Africa, characterized by the presence of anisochelae-III with the falx projecting downwards from the middle basal portion of the frontal alae of the head, and by the presence of two morphologically distinct size classes of toxas, with toxas-II being notably oxea-shaped. A discussion of all species of Mycale with micracanthoxeas is included. It is postulated that a comprehensive assessment of the distribution of this character, as well as of other micromorphological features of Mycale spicules, may shed light on the affinities and redefinition of obscure subgenera such as Aegogropila and Carmia.
    Keywords: Poecilosclerida ; Mycalidae ; Mycale ; taxonomy ; micromorphology ; phylogeny ; microscleres ; scanning electron microscopy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990) Part. 4. The Holothurioidea (Echinodermata) collected at Ambon during the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition (1996)
    In:  Zoologische Verhandelingen vol. 307 no. 1, pp. 1-53
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: During the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition (4.xi-14.xii.l990) 52 specimens representing 27 holothurian species were collected. All the species are described, figured and discussed systematically. Six species are new to the fauna of Ambon; two of these are new to the fauna of Indonesia, and two are new species: Afrocucumis stracki and Chiridota smirnovi. The holothurian fauna of Ambon is now represented by 59 species.
    Keywords: Holothurioidea ; Ambon ; taxonomy ; new species.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Selektive Partnerwahl der Aaskrähe (Corvus corone) in der Hybridisierungszone von Rabenkrähe (C. c. corone) und Nebelkrähe (C. c. cornix) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 139 (1998), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Keywords: mate choice ; taxonomy ; phenotypic hybrids ; fitness ; decision rule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die als Unterarten klassifizierten europäischen Formen der Aaskrähe, Rabenkrähe und Nebelkrähe, besiedeln verschiedene, aneinandergrenzende Verbreitungsgebiete und hybridisieren in der Kontaktzone. Die Nachkommen von Mischpaaren sind fruchtbar und können sowohl mit anderen Hybriden als auch mit Raben- und Nebelkrähen erfolgreich brüten. Trotzdem kommt es zu keiner völligen Vermischung der Formen und/oder Verlagerung der Verbreitungsgebiete. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersuchten wir die Partnerwahl von Aaskrähen in der Hybridisierungszone auf der nordfriesischen Insel Amrum und stellten fest, daß Partner gleichen Phänotyps häufiger miteinander verpaart waren, als stochastisch zu erwarten gewesen wäre. Unsere Daten bestätigen vergleichbare Studien aus Hybridisierungszonen in Italien und Sibirien. Wir schließen daraus, daß phänotypisch selektive Partnerwahl bei der Aaskrähe ein allgemeines Phänomen sein könnte und diskutieren, warum dieses Verhalten anfitness-relevante Parameter gekoppelt sein sollte. Um welche es sich dabei handeln könnte, wurde bisher nicht hinreichend untersucht und muß deshalb offen bleiben.
    Notes: Summary Carrion Crow and Hooded Crow are regarded as subspecies of the Crow. They show frequent hybridisation along the adjacent borders of their distribution. Mixed pairs produce fertile offspring which are able to breed successfully with both hybrids and mates of either phenotype. However, hybridisation does not lead to phenotypic changes of Carrion and Hooded Crows in general nor in their distinct distribution. We studied the mating behaviour of Crows in the hybrid zone on the Island of Amrum (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany) and found evidence that Crows may prefer mates of the same phenotype. Our data confirm previous studies which reported assortative mating with respect to plumage coloration from hybrid zones in Italy and Siberia. We discuss why this behaviour should be related tofitness traits which in our opinion have not yet been studied adequately nor identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01651226
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    A Taxonomy of Evolutionary Algorithms in Combinatorial Optimization (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of heuristics 5 (1999), S. 145-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9397
    Keywords: evolutionary algorithms ; genetic algorithms ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper shows how evolutionary algorithms can be described in a concise, yet comprehensive and accurate way. A classification scheme is introduced and presented in a tabular form called TEA (Table of Evolutionary Algorithms). It distinguishes between different classes of evolutionary algorithms (e.g., genetic algorithms, ant systems) by enumerating the fundamental ingredients of each of these algorithms. At the end, possible uses of the TEA are illustrated on classical evolutionary algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009625526657
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  • 67
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    Effect of soil treatment with cereal straw and method of crop establishment on field pea (Pisum sativum L.) N2 fixation (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 87-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Crop rotation ; Field pea ; Mineral N ; Nitrogen fixation ; immobilisation ; Pisum sativum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of soil incorporation with cereal straw (nil, 2.5, 5 and 10 t straw ha−1) and direct drilling on the proportion and amount of pea N derived from biological N fixation were investigated in three field experiments. Fixed N was determined by15N dilution using barley as a reference plant. The three sites were on acidic, red clay-loams in the cropping zone of southeastern Australia. Seasonal plant available soil N, as determined by the N accumulated in barley, was 31, 56 and 158 kg N ha−1, for the three sites. Incorporated straw reduced soil nitrate at sowing by 10–50 kg N ha−1 (0–30 cm), and 5 or 10 t straw ha−1 reduced barley uptake of N by 10–38 kg N ha−1. However, reducing plant available soil N was generally ineffective for increasing the N fixed by pea. Fixed N increased only at the site with the least plant-available N, and only one-third of the increase could be attributed to lower soil N uptake by pea. There was no evidence that direct drilling pea increased fixed N by decreasing crop uptake of soil N. It is proposed that a lower requirement for soil N by pea as compared to barley, and availability of mineral N beneath the soil layer treated with straw, minimise the effectiveness of straw incorporation for increasing the N fixed by pea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420226
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    Effect of soil treatment with cereal straw and method of crop establishment on field pea (Pisum sativum L.) N2 fixation (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1996), S. 87-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Crop rotation ; Field pea ; Mineral N ; Nitrogen fixation ; immobilisation ; Pisum sativum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of soil incorporation with cereal straw (nil, 2.5, 5 and 10 t straw ha–1) and direct drilling on the proportion and amount of pea N derived from biological N fixation were investigated in three field experiments. Fixed N was determined by 15N dilution using barley as a reference plant. The three sites were on acidic, red clay-loams in the cropping zone of southeastern Australia. Seasonal plant available soil N, as determined by the N accumulated in barley, was 31, 56 and 158 kg N ha–1, for the three sites. Incorporated straw reduced soil nitrate at sowing by 10–50 kg N ha–1 (0–30 cm), and 5 or 10 t straw ha–1 reduced barley uptake of N by 10–38 kg N ha–1. However, reducing plant available soil N was generally ineffective for increasing the N fixed by pea. Fixed N increased only at the site with the least plant-available N, and only one-third of the increase could be attributed to lower soil N uptake by pea. There was no evidence that direct drilling pea increased fixed N by decreasing crop uptake of soil N. It is proposed that a lower requirement for soil N by pea as compared to barley, and availability of mineral N beneath the soil layer treated with straw, minimise the effectiveness of straw incorporation for increasing the N fixed by pea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420226
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    Influence of phosphorus or phosphorus-potassium fertilization on biomass and dinitrogen fixation of the stem-nodulating green-manure legume Sesbania rostrata in different marginally productive wetland rice soils (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Wetland rice soils ; Nitrogen fixation ; Sesbania rostrata ; PK fertilization ; Soil Mn ; Acetylene reduction assay ; ARA ; Green manure ; N dilution method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The performance of Sesbania rostrata varies widely from site to site. This makes it difficult to predict the N yield and biomass of this plant in marginally productive soils, and to arouse the interest of farmers in green manure technology. Three consecutive pot experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to evaluate growth, nodulation, N2 fixation (C2H2 reduction assay and 15N dilution method), and N yield of 6-week-old S. rostrata on 13 physicochemically different wetland rice soils of the Philippines and on three artificial substrates. The performance of S. rostrata on the unfertilized controls was compared with two fertilizer treatments containing either P (100 mg P kg-1 dry soil) or P+K (100 mg P kg-1 and 200 mg K kg-1 dry soil). In the control soils and substrates, the N yield of S. rostrata varied between 20 and 470 mg N per pot, with the N rate from N2 fixation ranging between 0 and 95%. In three of the nutritionally poor soils even Mn toxicity symptoms apparently occurred with S. rostrata. P application alleviated these symptoms and increased the overall N yield considerably, mainly through increased biological N2 fixation. An additional increase in N yield was obtained by the PK treatment. Multiple regression analysis between soil characteristics and the N yield of S. rostrata showed that the original level of P (Olsen-extracted) and Mn in the soil accounted for 73% of the variance in biomass production by S. rostrata among the unfertilized soils and substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336588
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    The role of potassium fertilizer in nodulation and nitrogen fixation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants under drought stress (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Faba bean ; Water stress ; Nodulation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Leghaemoglobin ; Invertase ; Protease ; K fertilizer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three-week-old nodulated faba bean plants were subjected to different levels of drought stress (onehalf, one-quarter, or one-eighth field capacity) for 5 weeks. Half the stressed plants were treated with KCl at 10 mg kg-1 soil or 150 mg kg-1 soil at the beginning of the drought stress. Nodulation and nitrogenase activity were significantly decreased by increasing drought stress. Leghaemoglobin and protein contents of nodule cytosol were also severely inhibited by drought sttess. This decline was attributed to the induction of protease activity. However, carbohydrate contents of the nodule cytosol increased significantly. This accumulation was attributed to a sharp decline in invertase activity and low use of sugar by the bacteroids We conclude that harmful effects of water deficits can be alleviated by increasing K+ supplementation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336594
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  • 71
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    Dynamics of nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen use and biomass yield over time in pot-grown Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Leucaena ; Nodulation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen use ; 15N ; Time course
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The dynamics of nodulation, N2-fixation and N use in Leucaena leucocephala cv. K28 over time was investigated in a screenhouse at 4, 8, 12 and 16 months after planting (MAP) using the 15N-labelling method. Leucaena had a consistently increasing pattern of nodulation, dry biomass and nitrogen yield. A sharp rise in nodulation was observed between 12 and 16 MAP, whereas for biomass, N accumulation and N2-fixation, and N2-fixation, an upward surge occurred between 4 and 12 months. Nodulation, N accumulation, N2-fixation and biomass yield all peaked at 16 MAP. Along with the steady increase in N2-fixation throughout the 16-month growth period, the % N derived from the atmosphere rose from 17.9% to 61.5%, 70.1% and 74%, equivalent to 191, 1623, 2395 and 3385 mg N2 fixed plant-1 at 4, 8, 12 and 16 MAP, respectively. Nitrogen assimilation from soil and fertilizer decreased inversely to the increase in symbiotic nitrogen fixation with time.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336553
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    Comparison of symbiotic effectiveness of Rhizobium sp. with positive hydrogen-uptake activity compared with negative mutants in relation to nitrogen fixation in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 270-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Mungbean ; Vigna radiata ; Nitrogen fixation ; Hydrogen uptake ; Mutation ; Nitrosoguanidine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract H2 uptake activity was well distributed in Rhizobium sp. strains isolated from nodules of mung-bean (Vigna radiata L.). Two effective strains, RMP1 und RMP2, exhibiting significantly higher H2 uptake activity were subjected to mutagenesis with nitrosoguanidine. The respective mutation frequencies were 0.18 and 0.19%. Three Hup- mutants each of RMP1 und RMP2 were compared with the wild-type parent strains under pot culture experiments to evaluate the significance of the H2 uptake system in biological N2 fixation. Nodulation capabilities, plant growth characteristics, and the chlorophyll content of the leaves were significantly reduced in the plants treated with Hup- mutants. Nitrogenase activity in Hup- nodules was reduced by 8–41%. Similarly, N accumulation was also reduced singificantly.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336089
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    Occurrence of the endophytic diazotrophs Herbaspirillum spp. in roots, stems, and leaves, predominantly of Gramineae (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Herbaspirillum ; Endophytes of Gramineae ; Diazotrophs ; Survival in soil ; Nitrogen fixation ; sugarcane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Since the first description of Herbaspirillum seropedicae in 1986, few data have been published on this diazotroph, possibly due to difficulties in isolating it from soil. In the present study we found that this bacterium seems to be an obligate endophyte which has been isolated from roots, stems, and leaves of a large number of samples of more than 10 different species of the Gramineae family, but only exceptionally from other plants. H. rubrisubalbicans, previously misnamed as “Pseudomonas” rubrisubalbicans, and known as a mild pathogen of sugarcane causing mottled stripe disease, confirms the endophytie habitat of this genus. This species occurs in roots, stems, and leaves of sugarcane and seems to be restricted to this crop. Inoculation of strains from both species into soil in high numbers resulted in a rapid decline in their numbers. In only 30 days the population of Herbaspirillum spp. in soil decreased below detection limits (〈100 cells g-1). When sorghum was planted in this soil, the bacteria reappeared and multiplied within the plant tissues.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335935
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    Short- and long-term effects of ammonium on photodependent nitrogen fixation in wetland rice fields of Spain (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 353-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Acetylene reduction assay ; Anabaena sp. ; Ammonium ; Cyanobacteria ; Nitrogen fixation ; Wetland rice fields ; Nitrogenase activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Short- and long-term experiments were conducted in the rice fields of Valencia, Spain, to determine the ecological significance of ammonium on nitrogen fixation. A significant inhibition of nitrogenase activity by ammonium, at concentrations higher than 0.5mM, was observed after 8h of incubation in short-term experiments done with a bloom of the N2-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. In a second set of short-term experiments for in situ assays of nitrogenase activity in the field, a significant correlation between nitrogenase activity and the number of N2-fixing cyanobacteria in soil was found. No significant inhibition of nitrogenase activity by ammonium at concentrations up to 2mM was observed in these assays after 24h of incubation. This lack of inhibition was probably due to the rapid decrease in ammonium content in the flood water. Only 5% of the ammonium initially added remained in the water 24h later. In the long-term experiments, nitrogenase activity was assayed in plots fertilized with 0, 70 and 140kgNha–1, over the cultivation cycle, for 5 years. A partial inhibition of nitrogenase activity by deep-placed N fertilizers was observed. Differences were only significant in 2 years. Mean results from 5 years only showed significant differences between plots fertilized with 0 and 140kgNha–1. The partial inhibition of nitrogenase activity by ammonium increased over the cultivation cycle. Inhibition was only significant in September, at the end of the cultivation cycle.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050257
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    Phenotypic grouping of Brazilian Bradyrhizobium strains which nodulate soybean (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 407-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key wordsBradyrhizobium japonicum ; Bradyrhizobium elkanii ; Genetic variability ; Glycine max ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Several years of research have shown that there is a high genetic and physiological variability among Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains, culminating in a subdivision into two bacterial genotypes, and the description of the new species B. elkanii. In Brazil, large-scale soybean inoculation started in 1960 and today 15 million doses of inoculants are sold per year for an estimated area of 12 million ha. Efforts have been made to find strains able to fix high amounts of N2 under Brazilian soil conditions, but few laboratories cover basic studies on N2 fixation, such as strain classification into the two Bradyrhizobium species. In this study several characteristics of 40 soybean Bradyrhizobium strains, including 4 reference strains of B. japonicum (genotype I) species, 3 of B. elkanii (genotype II) and 1 of a mixed genotype were evaluated. The parameters analysed in vitro were: colony morphology, serological grouping, intrinsic resistance to antibiotics, synthesis of indole acetic acid, expression of hydrogenase activity and growth in a medium enriched with asparagine. In vivo, analyses performed included the nodulation of Rj 4 soybean cultivar Hill and the detection of symptoms caused by rhizobitoxine. These evaluations allowed a phenotypic grouping which positioned most of the strains utilized in Brazilian inoculants and studies, as well as some new strains isolated from the Cerrado region, within the species B. elkanii. However, environmental stresses and adaptation of Bradyrhizobium strains to the soil caused a large physiological and genetic variability in some isolates from the Cerrado soils in relation to the putative parental strain introduced 15 years ago, placing these isolates in an intermediate position between the two Bradyrhizobium species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050333
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    Nodulation pattern and acetylene reduction (nitrogen fixation) activity of some highland and lowland Acacia species of Ethiopia (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 60-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Acacia spp. ; Bradyrhizobium ; Rhizobium ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen accumulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Endosymbionts from the Ethiopian highland acacia species Acacia abyssinica, A. negrii and A. etbaica, and the lowland species A. nilotica, A. prasinata, A.senegal, A. seyal, A. tortilis and Faidherbia (Acacia) albida were isolated and characterized. Seven tree species were found to be nodulated by species of both Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium. F. (Acacia) albida and A. senegal were nodulated by only Bradyrhizobium or Rhizobium, respectively. In A. abyssinica, both genera were isolated from the same nodule, whereas in A. nilotica and A. tortilis, both strains were isolated from different nodules of the same plant. The nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) activities varied considerably and showed no correlation with the nitrogen content of the plant. Highland species were as effective as lowland plants, thus demonstrating good potential for soil reclamation. The endosymbionts isolated proved rather promiscuous, efficiently nodulating other Acacia spp. and some tropical grain legumes, but did not nodulate temperate legumes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050400
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    Nitrogen fixation capacity and nodule occupancy by Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. elkanii strains (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 393-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Bradyrhizobium elkanii ; Competitiveness ; Nitrogen fixation ; Soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  In a previous study soybean Bradyrhizobium strains, used in Brazilian studies and inoculants over the last 30 years, and strains adapted to the Brazilian Cerrados, a region frequently submitted to environmental and nutritional stresses, were analyzed for 32 morphological and physiological parameters in vivo and in vitro. A cluster analysis allowed the subdivision of these strains into species Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bradyrhizobium elkanii and a mixed genotype. In this study, the bacteria were analyzed for nodulation, N2 fixation capacity, nodule occupancy and the ability to increase yield. The goal was to find a relationship between the strain groups and the symbiotic performance. Two strains of Brazilian B. japonicum showed higher rates of N2 fixation and nodule efficiency (mg of N mg–1 of nodules) under axenic conditions. These strains also showed greater yield increases in field experiments when compared to B. elkanii strains. However, no differences were detected between B. japonicum and B. elkanii strains when comparing nodule occupancy capacity. The adapted strains belonging to the serogroup B. elkanii SEMIA 566, most clustered in a mixed genotype, were more competitive than the parental strain, and some showed a higher capacity of N2 fixation. Some of the adapted strains, such as S-370 and S-372, have shown similar N2 fixation rates and nodulation competitiveness to two Brazilian strains of B. japonicum. This similarity demonstrates the possibility of enhancing N2 fixing ability, after local adaptation, even within B. elkanii species. Differences in the DNA profiles were also detected between the parental SEMIA 566 and the adapted strains by analyses with the ERIC and REP-PCR techniques. Consequently, genetic, morphological and physiological changes can be a result of adaptation of rhizobia to the soil. This variability can be used to select strains capable of increasing the contribution of N2 fixation to soybean nutrition.
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    Renodulation and characterization of Rhizobium isolates from cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key wordsAstragalus cicer ; Nodulation ; DNA ; Milkvetch ; Nitrogen fixation ; Forage legume ; Rhizobium spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In 1993 and 1994, 12 bacterial isolates were isolated from root nodules of cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer). In the tests for nodulation of A. cicer by these bacterial isolates, five were found to form hypertrophic structures, while only two formed true nodules. These true nodules were formed in a sterilized soil system. This system might be able to act as a DNA donor to provide residual DNA to other microbes in the soil. The rhizobial isolates were thought to have lost genetic material crucial to nodulation during the isolation process. This hypothesis was supported by an experiment in which isolate B2 was able to nodulate A. cicer in vermiculite culture after being mixed with heat-killed rhizobia, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii and R. loti. The nodulation would not occur in vermiculite culture system without the heat-killed rhizobia. Based on the biochemical data, the B2 and 9462L, which formed true nodules with A. cicer, were closely related. The rhizobia type cultures that nodulate A. cicer include Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii, R. leguminosarum bv. viceae, and R. loti. All of these rhizobia were from different cross-inoculation groups. The B2 and 9462L isolates could only nodulate Medicago sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Melilotus officinalis, but not these species within the genus from which they were isolated: Astragalus. The traditional cross-inoculation group concept obviously does not fit well in the classification of rhizobia associated with Astragalus. The rhizobia isolated from A. cicer can be quite different, and the rhizobia able to renodulate A. cicer also quite diverse.
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    Dual inoculation with strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense to improve growth and biological nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Soybean ; Isotope dilution ; Nitrogen fixation ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Soil sterilization ; 15N ; Azospirillum brasilense ; Bacterial inoculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense strains on the growth of soybean were evaluated with regard to the estimation of N2 fixation using the 15N isotope dilution technique. Inoculation, in general, increased the dry mass of soybean as well as nitrogen content. Dual inoculation with a mixture of B. japonicum and A. brasilense strains was superior over single inoculation with B. japonicum. Nitrogen fixed (Ndfa) varied according to inoculant and soil conditions. Percentages of nitrogen derived from air (% Ndfa) using a non-nodulating isoline were 72% and 76% for B. japonicum and B. japonicum plus A. brasilense, respectively, in non-sterile soil. A similar but higher trend was recorded in sterilized soil, in which the percentages of N2 fixed were 81% and 86% for single and dual inoculation, respectively. The correlation coefficient between N2 fixed and N uptake (r=0.94) and dry mass (r=0.89) was significant. Application of special bacterial inoculants in agricultural systems of Egypt seems to be a promising technology and could be used for improving soybean growth as well as soil fertility, thus minimizing environmental pollution.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050250
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    Influence of long-term conservation tillage on soil and rhizosphere microorganisms (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Soil tillage ; Rhizosphere microorganisms ; Cereals ; Nitrogen fixation ; Gaeumanomyces graminis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  In long-term field experiments on sandy loam and loamy sand soils, the influence of conservation and conventional tillage on soil and rhizosphere microorganisms was studied. Conservation tillage stimulated rhizosphere bacteria on winter wheat, winter barley, winter rye and maize in different soil layers. Particularly the populations of Agrobacterium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were increased. On the sandy loam, N2 fixation and nodulation of pea plants were significantly increased. No influence of different soil tillage was determined on the colonization of the rhizosphere by mycorrhiza and saprophytic fungi. Stubble residues infected with Gaeumanomyces graminis were infectious for a longer time on the soil surface than after incorporation into the soil.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050528
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    Fate of blue-green algae in the food web of flooded rice-field ecosystems (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Blue-green algae ; Nitrogen fixation ; Rice ecosystem ; Zooplankton ; Benthos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  As part of an integrated pest management project to study the role blue-green algae (BGA) may play in the food web of rice-field ecosystems, 14C-labelled filamentous and monocellular BGA were used as food for fish, zooplankton and benthic fauna in artificial rice fields in the form of three aquaria. 14C present in the organisms was then traced by liquid scintillation to follow the manner in which the labelled BGA were consumed by different organisms. In this study the grazing rate of fish (mud carp) was compared to that of benthic organisms and zooplankton. It was found that fish consumed the BGA at the fastest rates and in the largest amounts, followed by the benthic species and zooplankton. It was also found that filamentous BGA were consumed in higher amounts than monocellular BGA. The importance of grazing in nutrient recycling is emphasized.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050536
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    Diurnal and seasonal patterns of nitrogenase activity of red alder in comparison with white clover in silvopastoral agroforestry systems (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1999), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Red alder ; White clover ; Nitrogenase activity ; Acetylene reduction assay ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Simultaneous measurements were made to assess the diurnal and seasonal patterns of nitrogenase activity of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) growing together in a silvopastoral agroforestry system using the acetylene reduction assay. Diurnal measurements were made in the summer and autumn at 3-h intervals whereas seasonal nitrogenase activity was assessed based on observations made at midday in July, September and January to represent the summer, autumn and winter seasons, respectively. No obvious diurnal patterns of nitrogenase activity were found in either red alder or white clover in summer and no significant variations in nitrogenase activity were observed between day and night. However, in autumn, pronounced diurnal patterns were observed in both species. Significantly higher rates of nitrogenase activity per unit dry weigh (dwt) of nodules were detected at 1500 hours in red alder, whereas, in white clover, significantly higher rates were obtained at 2100 hours. There was no significant correlation between diurnal nitrogenase activity and air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation and soil temperature at 10 cm depth in either red alder or white clover. Seasonal rates of nitrogenase activity showed significantly higher activity in summer, which subsequently decreased in autumn, to reach very low levels in the winter. The rates of nitrogenase activity of white clover were consistently higher than those of red alder both diurnally and seasonally. In the three seasons sampled, the average nitrogenase activity for white clover was 66.42 μmol C2H4 g dwt–1 h–1, which was 3.5 times higher than the 18.67 μmol C2H4 g dwt–1 h–1 obtained for red alder.
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    Relationships between soil aggregation and mycorrhizae as influenced by soil biota and nitrogen nutrition (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1999), S. 356-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Arbuscular mycorrhiza ; Collembola ; Nitrogen fertilization ; Nitrogen fixation ; Soil aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The effect of the form of N nutrition on soil stability is an important consideration for the management of sustainable agricultural systems. We grew soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants in pot cultures in unsterilized soil, and treated them by (1) inoculating them with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, fertilizing with (2) nitrate or (3) ammonia, or (4) by providing only minimum N amendment for the controls. The soils were sampled at 3-week intervals to determine changes in water-stable soil aggregates (WSA), soil pH, the development of roots, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) soil and root colonization, and selected functional groups of soil bacteria. The soil fauna was assayed at the end of the experiment (9 weeks). WSA was correlated positively with root and AM soil mycelium development, but negatively with total bacterial counts. Soil arthropod (Collembola) numbers were negatively correlated with AM hyphal length. Soils of nodulated and ammonia-fertilized plants had the highest levels of WSA and the lowest pH at week 9. Sparse root development in the soils of the N-deficient, control plants indicated that WSA formation was primarily influenced by AM hyphae. The ratio of bacterial counts in the water-stable versus water-unstable soil fractions increased for the first 6 weeks and then declined, while counts of anaerobic bacteria increased with increasing WSA. The numbers of soil invertebrates (nematodes) and protozoans did not correlate with bacterial counts or AM soil-hyphal lengths. Soil pH did not affect mycorrhiza development, but actinomycete counts declined with decreasing soil pH. AM fungi and roots interacted as the factors that affect soil aggregation, regardless of N nutrition.
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    Adaptation of green manure legumes to adverse conditions in rice lowlands (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Adverse soil conditons ; Aeschynomene ; Green manure ; Lowland rice ; Nitrogen fixation ; Sesbania ; Forming system development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Poor adoption of sustainable pre-rice green manure technology by lowland farmers is frequently associated with unreliable legume performance under adverse environmental conditions such as marginal soils, short photoperiod, and unfavorable hydrology. A series of field and microplot experiments were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in 1991 and 1992 to screen and evaluate 12 promising flood-tolerant legumes for adaptation (N accumulation and biological N2 fixation) to a range of environmental stresses, frequently encountered in rice lowlands. Legumes belonging to the genera Sesbania and Aeschynomene were grown for 8 weeks at 10×10 cm spacing: (1) in a fertile control soil and in four marginally productive irrigated lowland rice soils (sandy Entisol, P-deficient Inceptisol, acid Ultisol, and saline Mollisol); (2) during short- (11.7 h) and long-day (12.3 h) seasons in a favorable irrigated lowland soil; and (3) in an aerobic soil (drought-prone rain-fed lowland) and a deep-flood-prone lowland soil (1 week seedling submergence). A large variability in N accumulation was observed among legume species and across different environments, ranging from less than 1 to over 70 mg N plant–1. The nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) accounted on average for 82% of total N accumulation. Sesbania virgata was least affected by unfavorable soil conditions but its Ndfa was the lowest among the tested species (less than 60%). Stem nodule formation did not convey a significant advantage to legumes grown under adverse soil conditions. However, flooding reduced N2 fixation less in stem-nodulating than in solely root-nodulating species. Most species drastically reduced N accumulation under short-day conditions. Aeschynomene afraspera and S. speciosa were least affected by photoperiod. The considerable genetic variability in the germplasm screened allows the selection of potentially appropriate legumes to most conditions studied, thus increasing N accumulation in green manures.
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    Soil surface disturbances in cold deserts: effects on nitrogenase activity in cyanobacterial-lichen soil crusts (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 362-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Cryptobiotic ; Cryptogamic ; Microphytic ; Microbiotic ; Deserts ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nutrient cycling ; Lichens ; Microcoleus vaginatus ; Collema tenax ; Heterocysts ; Acetylene reduction assay ; ARA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cyanobacterial-lichen soil crusts can be a dominant source of nitrogen for cold-desert ecosystems. Effects of surface disturbance from footprints, bike and vehicle tracks on the nitrogenase activity in these crusts was investigated. Surface disturbances reduced nitrogenase activity by 30–100%. Crusts dominated by the cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus on sandy soils were the most susceptible to disruption; crusts on gypsiferous soils were the least susceptible. Crusts where the soil lichen Collema tenax was present showed less immediate effects; however, nitrogenase activity still declined over time. Levels of nitrogenase activity reduction were affected by the degree of soil disruption and whether sites were dominated by cyanobacteria with or without heterocysts. Consequently, anthropogenic surface disturbances may have serious implications for nitrogen budgets in these ecosystems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335908
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  • 86
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    Soil surface disturbances in cold deserts: effects on nitrogenase activity in cyanobacterial-lichen soil crusts (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 362-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Cryptobiotic ; Cryptogamic ; Microphytic ; Microbiotic ; Deserts ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nutrient ; cycling ; Lichens ; Microcoleus vaginatus ; Collema tenax ; Heterocysts ; Acetylene reduction assay ; ARA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cyanobacterial-lichen soil crusts can be a dominant source of nitrogen for cold-desert ecosystems. Effects of surface disturbance from footprints, bike and vehicle tracks on the nitrogenase activity in these crusts was investigated. Surface disturbances reduced nitrogenase activity by 30–100%. Crusts dominated by the cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus on sandy soils were the most susceptible to disruption; crusts on gypsiferous soils were the least susceptible. Crusts where the soil lichen Collema tenax was present showed less immediate effects; however, nitrogenase activity still declined over time. Levels of nitrogenase activity reduction were affected by the degree of soil disruption and whether sites were dominated by cyanobacteria with or without heterocysts. Consequently, anthropogenic surface disturbances may have serious implications for nitrogen budgets in these ecosystems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050184
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    Survival and symbiotic properties of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the presence of thiram: isolation of fungicide resistant strains (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 26 (1997), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key wordsBradyrhizobium japonicum ; Nodulation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Soybean ; Thiram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The fungicide thiram, widely used as a chemical seed protectant, induces a strong inhibition of primary nodulation in the crown zone of soybean roots. The present work reports on the isolation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains resistant to thiram, some of which (T3B, A86 and A2) maintained their capacity for nodulation and were still efficient symbionts, but some (A1, C1 and C6) lost the ability to stimulate nodulation. Characterization tests such as growth at different pH, denitrifying ability, salt tolerance, production of siderophores and phosphate solubilization were performed on the resistant strains. Inoculants produced from these strains could be appropriate for use with thiram-treated seeds, without causing a loss of bacteria viability.
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    Natural abundance of 15N in sweet potato, pumpkin, sorghum and castor bean: possible input of N2-derived nitrogen in sweet potato (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 26 (1997), S. 152-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key wordsCucurbita moschata ; Ipomoea batatas ; Nitrogen fixation ; δ15N method ; Sorghum bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two combinations of plant species, sweet potato (three cultivars) and pumpkin, and sweet sorghum (three cultivars) and castor bean were grown separately in three plots of alluvial soil from June to September 1996. The shoots (leaves plus stems) of sweet potato and pumpkin, and the whole tops (leaves plus stems and grains) of sweet sorghum and castor bean were harvested twice, once in August and once in September in order to analyze their natural abundance of 15N (δ15N). The δ15N values of two of the varieties of sweet potato harvested in September were significantly lower than those of pumpkin, while δ15N values of sweet potato and pumpkin harvested in August, as well as those of sweet sorghum and castor bean harvested in August and September, did not significantly differ. The lower δ15N values observed in the September-harvested sweet potato may indicate that as much as 40% of the N intake of this species is derived from dinitrogen. This species is known to have a high ability to take up N from undefined sources.
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  • 89
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    Adaptation of green manure legumes to adverse conditions in rice lowlands (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Adverse soil conditons ; Aeschynomene ; Green manure ; Lowland rice ; Nitrogen fixation ; Sesbania ; Forming system development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Poor adoption of sustainable pre-rice green manure technology by lowland farmers is frequently associated with unreliable legume performance under adverse environmental conditions such as marginal soils, short photoperiod, and unfavorable hydrology. A series of field and microplot experiments were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in 1991 and 1992 to screen and evaluate 12 promising flood-tolerant legumes for adaptation (N accumulation and biological N2 fixation) to a range of environmental stresses, frequently encountered in rice lowlands. Legumes belonging to the genera Sesbania and Aeschynomene were grown for 8 weeks at 10×10 cm spacing: (1) in a fertile control soil and in four marginally productive irrigated lowland rice soils (sandy Entisol, P-deficient Inceptisol, acid Ultisol, and saline Mollisol); (2) during short- (11.7h) and long-day (12.3 h) seasons in a favorable irrigated lowland soil; and (3) in an aerobic soil (drought-prone rain-fed lowland) and a deep-flood-prone lowland soil (1 week seedling submergence). A large variability in N accumulation was obsersed among legume species and across different environments, ranging from less than 1 to over 70 mg N plant-1. The nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) accounted on average for 82% of total N accumulation. Sesbania virgata was least affected by unfavorable soil conditions but its Ndfa was the lowest among the tested species (less than 60%). Stem nodule formation did not convey a significant advantage to legumes grown under adverse soil conditions. However, flooding reduced N2 fixation less in stem-nodulating than in solely root-nodulating species. Most species drastically reduced N accumulation under short-day conditions. Aeschynomene afraspera and S. speciosa were least affected by photoperiod. The considerable genetic variability in the germplasm screened allows the selection of potentially appropriate legumes to most conditions studied, thus increasing N accumulation in green manures.
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    Nitrogen use in maize-grain legume cropping systems in semi-arid Kenya (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogen use ; Nitrogen fertilizer recovery ; Zea mays ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Vigna unguiculata ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Locally suitable cultivars of maize, beans, and cowpeas were grown in field experiments for four seasons in semi-arid Kenya. For three seasons, the dry matter production and grain yield of maize and beans were not increased by N fertilizer additions up to 120 kg N ha-1. Fertilizer recoveries measured by 15N isotope dilution techniques were low, less than 20%. Inoculated and uninoculated beans failed to fix N2. By contrast the cowpea derived 50% of its N from fixation, equivalent to 197 kg N ha-1. The N content of the grain generally exceeded 40 kg N ha-1, and the N content of the seeds from the grain legumes were greater than those from the cereals. Large inputs of N fertilizer or N by fixation are required if maize-grain legume cropping system in semiarid Kenya are to be sustained in the long term.
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    Nodulation of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) by Bradyrhizobium sp. isolated from Erythrina brucei (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 209-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key wordsBradyrhizobium ; Sphenostylis stenocarpa ; Nitrogen fixation ; Soil reclamation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa), which is widely cultivated in Africa because of its growth capability on marginal soils, was nodulated by an endosymbiont (characterized and designed Bradyrhizobium sp. AUEB20) isolated from the Ethiopian tree Erythrina brucei with the formation of a small number of large, indeterminate N2-fixing nodules. In contrast, 24 other isolates from Ethiopian woody legumes were ineffective. Strain AUEB20 promiscuously nodulated a number of tropical legumes, but none out of five European crop plants tested.
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    Diversity, adaptation and activity of the bacterial flora in saline environments (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 211-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Bacterial flora ; Salt-affected soils ; Salt marshes ; Osmotic adjustment ; Microbial activity ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Saline environments have a natural bacterial flora, which may play a significant role in the economy of these habitats. The natural saline environments (usually containing salinity equivalent to 4–30% NaCl) are aquatic (e.g. salt marshes) or terrestrial (e.g. saline lands). Saline environments include an increasing area of salt-affected cultivated soils throughout the world. These environments contain various ions which may interfere with uptake of water and which may be toxic to a large number of organisms. Saline environments harbour taxonomically diverse bacterial groups, which exhibit modified physiological and structural characteristics under the prevailing saline conditions. The majority of these bacteria can osmoregulate by synthesizing specific compatible organic osmolytes such as glutamine, proline and glycine betaine and a few of them accumulate inorganic solutes such as Na+, K+ and Mg2+. The morphology of the bacteria is usually modified, cells are usually elongated, swollen and showing shrinkage, in addition to changes in the cell and cytoplasmic volume. The chemical composition of membranes may also occasionally be modified, and the synthesis pattern of proteins, lipids, fatty acids and polysaccharides may change with a moderate increase in salinity. However, ultrastructural alterations in cells of halophilic bacteria have not been reported, and profound changes in cellular properties of these bacteria only occur at concentrations above 2MNaCl. Evidence has accumulated that the bacteria are essential elements in the saline environment because of their activity such as degradation of plant remains, nitrogen fixation and production of active metabolites.
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    Free-radical-induced mutation vs redox regulation: Costs and benefits of genes in organelles (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 42 (1996), S. 482-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Aging ; Chloroplasts ; Mitochondria ; Cell evolution ; Cytoplasmic genomes ; Gene transfer ; Redox regulation ; Free radical mutagenesis ; Nitrogen fixation ; Endosymbiosis ; Mutation frequency ; Uniparental inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The prokaryotic endosymbionts that became plastids and mitochondria contained genes destined for one of three fates. Genes required for free-living existence were lost. Most genes useful to the symbiosis were transferred to the nucleus of the host. Some genes, a small minority, were retained within the organelle. Here we suggest that a selective advantage of movement of genes to the nucleus is decreased mutation: plastids and mitochondria have high volume-specific rates of redox reactions, producing oxygen free radicals that chemically modify DNA. These mutations lead to synthesis of modified electron carriers that in turn generate more mutagenic free radicals—the “vicious circle” theory of aging. Transfer of genes to the nucleus is also advantageous in facilitating sexual recombination and DNA repair. For genes encoding certain key components of photosynthesis and respiration, direct control of gene expression by redox state of electron carriers may be required to minimize free radical production, providing a selective advantage of organelle location which outweighs that of location in the nucleus. A previous proposal for transfer of genes to the nucleus is an economy of resources in having a single genome and a single apparatus for gene expression, but this argument fails if any organellar gene is retained. A previous proposal for the retention of genes within organelles is that certain proteins are organelle-encoded because they cannot be imported, but there is now evidence against this view. Decreased free radical mutagenesis and increased sexual recombination upon transfer to the nucleus together with redox control of gene expression in organelles may now account for the slightly different gene distributions among nuclei, plastids, and mitochondria found in major eukaryote taxa. This analysis suggests a novel reason for uniparental inheritance of organelles and the evolution of anisogametic sex, and may also account for the occurrence of nitrogen fixation in symbionts rather than in nitrogen-fixing organelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02352278
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  • 94
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    Identity of Fusarium nygamai isolates with long and short microconidial chains from millet, sorghum and soil in Africa (1997)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 140 (1997), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Africa ; Fusarium ; F. moniliforme ; grain ; Lesotho ; mating population ; Nigeria ; taxonomy ; Zimbabwe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several Fusarium species have been found associated with millet and sorghum in Nigeria, Lesotho and Zimbabwe. Amongst these, some isolates were originally identified as short- and long-chained types of F. nygamai. However, there was some question as to the correct identification of the long chained types. This study reclassified some of the isolates with long microconidial chains as F. moniliforme. Morphologically, these strains do not produce chlamydospores like F. nygamai, but produce swollen hyphal cells or resistant hyphae. The isolates in this study were crossed with the mating-type tester strains of Gibberella fujikuroi (F. moniliforme and G. nygamai (F. nygamai). Of the isolates with long chains of microconidia and other characteristics of F. moniliforme, 36% crossed with mating population ''A'' of G. fujikuroi. Of the isolates with characteristics of F. nygamai, 65% crossed with the testers used to produce the teleomorph of F. nygamai. Mating tests support the separation of the sample population into F. moniliforme and F. nygamai. The results of this study show that genetics can be an aid in resolving some problems in fungal taxonomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006863825469
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  • 95
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    Candida novakii, sp. nov. a new anamorphic yeast species of ascomycetous affinity (1997)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71 (1997), S. 375-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Candida novakii ; taxonomy ; yeasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two strains of an undescribed species of the genus Candida were isolated from decaying wood of Quercus sp. A description of the new species Candida novakii is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000238205640
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  • 96
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    Verrucomicrobia div. nov., a new division of the Bacteria containing three new species of Prosthecobacter (1997)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (1997), S. 29-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: phylogeny ; prosthecobacter ; taxonomy ; Verrucomicrobia ; Verrucomicrobiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four strains of nonmotile, prosthecate bacteria were isolated in the 1970s and assigned to the genus Prosthecobacter. These strains were compared genotypically by DNA/DNA reassociation and 16S rDNA based phylogenetic analyses. Genotypic comparisons were complemented with phenotypic characterizations. Together, these studies clearly indicate each Prosthecobacter strain represents a novel species of bacteria. We propose three new species of Prosthecobacter, P. dejongeii strain FC1, P. vanneervenii strain FC2, and P. debontii strain FC3; P. fusiformis is reserved for the type strain of the genus, strain FC4. Additionally, we propose the genera Prosthecobacter and Verrucomicrobium, currently members of the order Verrucomicrobiales, to comprise a novel higher order taxonomic group, the division Verrucomicrobia div. nov. and the class Verrumicrobiae class nov. Many novel members of the Verrucomicrobia, as revealed by molecular ecology studies, await isolation and description.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000348616863
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  • 97
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    Studies on keratinophilic fungi. Ix: Neoarachnotheca gen. nov. and a new species of Nannizziopsis (1997)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (1997), S. 149-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: keratinophilic fungi ; Neoarachnotheca ; Neoarachnotheca keratinophila ; Nannizziopsis tropicalis ; Onygenales ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Neoarachnotheca is proposed as a new genus of Onygenales. The outstanding generic characteristics are white, spherical ascomata with a wall formed by a network of hyphae and spherical, subhyaline ascospores with an irregular sheath. Nt. keratinophila, the type species, characterized by wavy peridial hyphae has been isolated from marine and river sediments and Myriodontium keratinophilum is its anamorph. Nannizziopsis tropicalis is proposed as a new species based on a strain isolated from soil in Burundi. RFLPs analysis of ITS and 5.8S rDNA support these proposals. The differences with related genera are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000394118040
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  • 98
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    Dipodascus capitatus, Dipodascus spicifer and Geotrichum clavatum: Genomic characterization (1998)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 74 (1998), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Dipodascus capitatus ; D.spicifer ; Geotrichum clavatum ; yeast ; taxonomy ; DNA heterogeneity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The G+C contents of 25 strains of Dipodascus capitatus, Dipodascus spicifer and Geotrichum clavatum were found to be heterogeneous on basis of derivative graphs of the melting profiles. Strains showing similar derivative graphs of the melting curve exhibited high levels of DNA homology (80-100%); strains showing dissimilar derivative graphs exhibited low levels of DNA homology (5 to 45%). Being considered separate taxa on basis of these parameters, D. capitatus, D. spicifer and G. clavatum could be identified by a combination of the key characteristics growth on xylose, cellobiose, salicin and arbutin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001762024710
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  • 99
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    Identification of Taxa in the Genus shape Beta using ITS1 Sequence Information (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 16 (1998), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Keywords: allele-specific PCR ; Beta ; ITS1 ; plant identification ; rDNA ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sequence variation in the ITS1 locus of the nuclear ribosomal DNA in beets has previously been used to reconstruct phylogeny of the species in the genus Beta. We have developed protocols that allow the identification of Beta taxa by use of taxon-specific primers. Beta sections, species and subspecies can be identified. Differences within the ITS1 region of a single base can be exploited for species identification. The results from this study not only provide effective methods for wild beet identification, but also indicate the potential use of the techniques in other crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007416817736
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  • 100
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    The taxonomic impediment in orthopteran research and conservation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 2 (1998), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: Orthoptera ; biodiversity ; taxonomy ; conservation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract It is estimated that only 10–15% of the world's insect fauna has been described and named. Efforts to inventory insect biodiversity are hampered by this taxonomic impediment, which is compounded by the logistical problems of an insufficient taxonomic workforce and their remote location in museums thousands of miles from the areas of highest biodiversity. Compared to most other invertebrate groups however, the taxonomic impediment is relatively benign in the order Orthoptera. This is a small to medium-sized order (approximately 20 000 described species) which is well known taxonomically, owing to the group's agricultural importance worldwide. Furthermore, orthopteran taxonomists are now fortunate to have a published up-to-date catalogue of all known species, which has just become accessible as a regularly updated database on the World Wide Web. Whilst new information technology, in the form of e-mail networks, World Wide Web sites and CD-ROM information archives, is already enhancing communication between specialists and helping to reduce the logistical problems of documenting orthopteran biodiversity, a major reinvestment in basic taxonomic research is needed if we are to reduce the existing taxonomic impediment significantly. There is general agreement that an internationally coordinated approach will be necessary and priorities must be set to tackle the biodiversity/systematics crisis. In the future, the Orthoptera can make an important contribution to invertebrate faunal surveys and have potential as an indicator taxon. Furthermore, the Orthoptera Species File establishes a taxonomic framework which could be readily enlarged to include geographic data and phenology of species from existing museum specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009633811789
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