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  • Articles  (215)
  • Emerald  (215)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1995-1999  (215)
  • Sociology  (215)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Power, influence and intranet implementation: A safari of South African organizations (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 333-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Intranets hold great promise as "organizational Internets" to allow information sharing and collaboration across departments, functions and different information systems within an organization. Yet not much is known about how to implement intranets. We adapt a taxonomy based on institutional theory and distinguish six broad diffusion drivers that might be considered to sustain the implementation process. An exploratory field study of four intranet implementations was conducted to analyze which drivers were used and the results that were yielded. We draw several conclusions. First, all six drivers were deployed in the analyzed cases. Second, the choice of drivers varied with the level of the intranet (corporate or unit), the implementation stage, and existing organizational practices and contingencies. Third, it seems that the critical drivers are knowledge building, subsidy and mobilization in the early stages of implementation. In the later stages knowledge deployment, subsidy and innovation directives were most commonly used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910301630
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The office tyrant - social control through e-mail (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 27-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The changing role of technology in the virtual workplace has been accompanied by a proliferation of research activity focusing initially on the technical aspects and, more recently, on the social and political aspects of the diffusion process, including power and politics. This paper builds on the work of Kling and Markus on power and politics in IT, extending it to e-mail and more specifically, to the use of e-mail for petty tyranny. Reviews the literature on petty tyranny and its implications to IT and e-mail. Presents a case study in which e-mail was used by a department chair to manipulate, control, and coerce employees. The discussion links the events in the case with the literature on petty tyranny. In conclusion, demonstrates that e-mail features make it amenable to political abuse and elaborates on the more general, theoretical, practical and ethical implications from this research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910250510
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toward a framework for action research in information systems studies (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 148-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Based on recent reviews regarding its use in information systems (IS) studies, this paper argues that action research is still not well recognized by IS researchers and mainstream IS journals especially in North America. To make the situation worse, existing criteria used to assess the quality of action research studies are found to be inadequate when applied to IS. In order to advance its understanding and use by IS researchers and practitioners, the IS action research framework proposed recently by Lau is refined and presented as a set of guidelines in this paper. The implications of this refined framework on IS research and practice are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910267206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The moving staircase - Problems of appraisal and evaluation in a turbulent environment (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 238-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper considers the problems of evaluating the benefits of an investment in information technology and systems against a background of institutional change. It is based on a case study in the National Health Service and follows the progress of a project to introduce benefits realisation in NHS Trusts. The case illustrates the importance of personal, hands-on attention to benefits management and calls attention to the different contingencies faced by managers in attempting to introduce evaluation or benefits realisation schemes. It concludes that, where managers face "certain" contingencies, formative evaluation will be beneficial, but where the contingencies are uncertain, structural changes in the organisation may be more effective in achieving benefits. The paper ends with a plea for evaluation activities to be re-integrated into their organisational context.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910278196
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of improvisation for evidence-based practice in clinical settings (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 287-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper describes our experiences from a two-year research study to introduce evidence-based practice (EBP) through a set of electronic information tools into two Canadian health regions. The improvisational model of technological change by Orlikowski and Hofman (1997) is used to provide the conceptual foundations for understanding the pattern of evolution associated with the tools observed in these two settings over time. Key areas to consider when changing practice identified from this study are time availability, intended use, adequate training, clinical champions, work practice fit, system refinement, around-the-clock support and environment influence. Health organizations should also distinguish anticipated, emergent and opportunistic changes and improvise accordingly when introducing EBP information tools in a setting that is characteristically complex, dynamic and unpredictable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910278547
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EC of groceries for elderly and disabled: A comparison of alternative service models (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 389-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Increased demand for organized home help for elderly and disabled people and parallel budget cuts of social care require new efficient solutions to save home-helpers' time and ensure the current quality of provided services. A number of trials for renewing grocery purchasing process as a part of home help for the elderly and disabled have lately been initiated in Finland. In all but one of these trials electronic commerce (EC) services are included in the purchase process. In this article we compare these trials using the time efficiency of home-helpers as a primary criterion. Using electronic order delivery gives even additional benefits, releasing the home-helper from the need to visit the grocery store. The Full EC Model would be the best solution. However, it might not be feasible for most customers, who do not necessarily have the technology or ability to use it. Therefore, the intermediary based EC seems to be most suitable for this customer group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910301649
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Career attainment for women and minorities: the interactive effects of age, gender and race (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 4-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This study examined the career attainment of managerial women and minorities in an internal labor market. The interactive effects of age, gender, and race were examined on the career attainment levels of women, African-Americans, Asian-Americans and Hispanics. A sample of 7,084 US managers was studied; 3,456 women and minority managers were compared to 3,628 white male managers who entered the firm in the same year and in the same department. Consistent with previous research, women and minorities experienced lower career attainment than white males in this sample. Results suggest that minority women do not experience the "double jeopardy" associated with belonging to two classes of protected characteristics; nor the "triple jeopardy" of age, race and gender.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910255447
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Women senior managers and conditional power: the case in Social Services Departments (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 316-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article is drawn from a research project which explored the under-representation of women in the management of social services departments in the late 1980s. The theme explored here is a subset of that particular research. It focuses on the way in which women spoke about their roles, the power associated with them, and about their experiences in occupying them. The author considers the nature of women's experiences of occupying positions which in terms of their hierarchical location would be considered "powerful" and argues that women as senior managers present a challenge both to the occupational status of management and to the structures of power in a patriarchal society. It is argued that these challenges are minimised, not only by excluding women from management roles, but also by denying them the legitimate authority which would be expected to be associated with their role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910301689
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beef producers online: diffusion theory applied (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 71-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Members of an Australian beef producer group have become users of electronic communication as a precursor to fuller engagement in electronic commerce. The research team's immediate aim was to assist this group to become effective users of the Internet. In addition, using interpretive methods of enquiry, aims to provide a basis from which subsequent wider usage of the Internet in the red meat industry could be enabled. Presents data from the project using diffusion theory as a framework, with rich description to allow for further interpretation of the views of all parties. The apparent success of the project suggests it can be used or adapted for other members of the beef industry, having regard for their particular circumstances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910250556
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Issues in the multi-disciplinary assessment of healthcare information systems (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 253-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Considers the problems of a multi-disciplinary team working together to understand and evaluate a healthcare information system, which itself is situated in a complex organisational and political environment. Provides general discussion of problems faced by evaluators of such systems. Describes this specific evaluation project (Electronic Patient Records in the UK National Health Service), gives an account of the evaluation process as it occurred, highlights some of the problems encountered, and discusses attempts to overcome these. Suggests that social, organisational and political factors are inherent in all such research enterprises, and that in order to facilitate a rich understanding of complex systems, these factors must also be considered as part of the research data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910278277
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    "Go out there and go for broke": senior women and promotion in Education Queensland, Australia (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Women find it difficult to achieve promotion into senior administration positions in education systems throughout the Western world. This paper reports on interviews with 23 women who are employed by Education Queensland (Australia). These women, who were all participants in a Women in Management course offered by the Queensland University of Technology, have been successful in being promoted into administrative positions in schools and school support centres. The focus of the paper is on why these women have gone for promotion and the successful strategies that they employed to achieve promotion. These strategies included "putting runs on the board", being persistent, networking, managing in their own way and accessing appropriate professional development. The paper concludes with the warning that the culture of the central bureaucracy, however, is perceived as overwhelmingly male and this acts as a significant barrier to further career progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910261378
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gender on the agenda in management education? (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Business/management schools may be currently using an exclusive approach to the study and development of management; by ignoring gender in this arena they are reinforcing the notion that women in management are invisible. Previous research suggests that there is a masculine bias in management education, which disadvantages both female and male learners and which may discourage managers from capitalising on gender diversity in the workplace. Discusses experiences of women academics and students in a business/management school and is based on the premise that change in management education will facilitate change in organisations. Therefore, rather than reinforcing the premise that management knowledge contributes to the maginalisation of women in management, argues that business/management schools should move to an inclusive approach, where management incorporates the experience and abilities of both men and women. Concludes by suggesting a number of initiatives to place gender on the agenda in business/management schools.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910269901
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Ms representations: women, management and popular culture (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 14-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Popular representations of the workplace have tended to construct women as unsuited to management and leadership roles. In their reflective capacity these popular fictional texts illustrate the workplace. In their capacity to construct popular perceptions of "reality", the texts offer an important insight into women's and men's understandings and expectations of their workplace relationships. In this article we reflect on how popular films, plays and television shows can make visible some manifestations of the kinds of resistance women continue to experience in non-traditional domains such as management. While these kinds of texts have not been central to the analysis of workplace relations within the management literature, we argue that as social documents they have much to contribute to an understanding of the limited advancement of women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910255456
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Managerial motivation and gender roles: a study of females and males in Hong Kong (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 44-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Chinese women are often perceived as passive, submissive, lacking aggressiveness and a drive to be successful managers. Using a previously validated culturally modified Miner Sentence Completion Scale-H (for hierarchic), this study compares the motivation to manage a sample of 156 BBA and MBA students in Hong Kong. Results indicate no significant differences between the scores of males and females on the total MSCS-H or its components, including assertiveness and competitiveness. Gender role differences are not supported by differences in managerial motivation of Hong Kong business students.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910261387
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Sex, roles and justice: a study of gender as a predictor of fairness in decision making (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Previous research has hypothesized that males and females evaluate the level of fairness of a particular decision using different conceptual models of justice. Other research has proposed that one's sex-role orientation, i.e. whether a person has masculine or feminine traits, provides another perspective when judging a decision as being fair or unfair. In this paper we propose to test whether sex-role orientation does indeed tell a different story than simply using biological sex as a predictor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910269893
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Women as managers in family firms (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 76-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Compares the career experiences of women managers who are members of the family that owns the organization and women managers who are not. Results of a survey show "women family managers" enjoy increased status, job security and flexibility. Many are able to take advantage of this flexibility to combine child rearing and career roles. "Non-family women managers" perceive themselves as competitive and independent people, they have better academic qualifications and are less likely to be married and have children. However, both groups are unenthusiastic about their training, mentors and personal contacts and consider that career progress is easier for men. In general, all women managers feel they lack power and opportunities to make progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910269884
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Women in management: the case of MBA graduates (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 136-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The research for this paper focused on the impact which an MBA has on the careers of women in management and compared the career progression of male and female MBA graduates. The research was carried out among graduates who had obtained an MBA from the University of Ulster between 1992 and 1996. The study found that the management careers of men and women did differ significantly in a number of respects and that there were differences between male and female graduates in their perceptions of how the MBA has affected their careers. It also found that women, in particular, experienced barriers to their careers which mediated the effects of obtaining a higher level qualification. The paper discusses how a more "level playing field" might be created and pressures reduced for both men and women in management careers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910274815
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  • 18
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    Flexibility initiatives: current approaches and effective strategies (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 177-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article describes findings from a series of recent Catalyst studies. Several of these studies investigated the use of flexible work arrangements in business, exploring employee and employer attitudes towards, opinions about, and experiences with, these alternative arrangements. Together, findings from these studies help to delineate current approaches to flexibility initiatives in business, the increasing interest in these arrangements, the key benefits to business from the use of these alternatives, and the continuing barriers to the use of flexible arrangements. They also help to clarify effective strategies and practices for successful flexibility initiatives, along with critical skills needed by supervisors and employees using these arrangements. Detailed examples from two Catalyst Award-winning organizations - The Bank of Montreal and Deloitte & Touche LLP - are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910371088
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  • 19
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    Waiting for outcomes: anchoring a dual agenda for change to cultural assumptions (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 194-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article argues that strategies to promote gender equity in organizations need to focus on assumptions in the organizational culture that underpin work practices and behaviors. An analytic case is used to demonstrate the importance of bringing cultural assumptions to the surface during the organizational change process and examining their implications for both gender equity and organizational effectiveness. Initial efforts aimed at changing work practices were disappointing. However, the understanding that cultural assumptions had unintended consequences for both gender equity and organizational effectiveness provided a foundation for the organization to continue to experiment after the initial intervention. The article argues that linking changes in work practices and processes to underlying assumptions provides a basis for the organization to engage in an on-going and iterative process of inquiry, experimentation, reflection, and learning that can generate surprising and positive outcomes over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910281989
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  • 20
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    Globalization and information technology: vanishing social contracts, the "pink collar" workforce and public policy challenges (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 230-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper critically examines the influence of information technology (IT) on women's career structures. Globalization is forcing an increasing inter-dependence of radically re-engineered labour forces and the further "internal" exploitation of the internationalization of the dual labour market many women have endured. The global trend is towards further fragmenting a shrinking, gender-based set of career opportunities and creating an increasingly marginalized, part-time, "pink collar" labour force, associated with the putative revolution of the tertiary sector transforming out of industrial, manufacturing economies. The implications of the emergence of a "pink collar" labour force largely go unexamined. The much heralded argument that IT will transform "coercive" organizational structures and work practices needs, yet again, to be critically examined in the context of the further destruction of professional opportunities for women in radically re-engineered public sectors, aggressively "micro-economized" labour forces and rapidly dissipating organizational and social contracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910287253
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  • 21
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    Mary Parker Follett: visionary leadership and strategic management (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 292-304 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper proposes the use of the model of visionary leadership adapted by this researcher from Westley and Mintzberg's 1989 paper "Visionary leadership and strategic management" to view the work of Mary Parker Follet. The model augments Westley and Mintzberg's model with much earlier work by Mary Parker Follett. Follett's work on leadership, group membership, contribution, participation and co-operation are as relevant to the study of human relations today as they were 70 years ago. The model highlights the elements of visionary leadership and group membership. This model was developed to place a framework on the many writings of Follett. The framework is fully discussed and is based on some of the work of Westley and Mintzberg.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910291131
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  • 22
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    Making sense of group support systems facilitation: a reflective practice perspective (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 86-112 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Reports part of a grounded theory study in which 15 facilitators, already experienced in conventional meetings, were trained to become facilitators of face-to-face electronic meetings. Presents a model - "Active reflection" - of the reflective practice processes used by the trainee facilitators. Active reflection is a term which describes the trainees' accounts of the two complementary action reflection processes: reflection on action (thinking back on what was done) and reflection in action (thinking about the action while one is doing it). Identifies a number of implications for group support systems facilitation training and practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910250565
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  • 23
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    More on myth, magic and metaphor: Cultural insights into the management of information technology in organizations (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 192-218 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Much research on information technology (IT) emphasizes the rational aspects of IT use. However, cultural analyses have considered IT as a symbolic artifact open to social interpretation. This article presents findings from ethnographic studies of two large insurance organizations to illustrate how cultural assumptions about IT are implicated in IT management. We employ the metaphor of magic as an interpretive lens to generate five archetypes of IT culture: the revered, controlled, demystified, integrated, and fearful IT cultures. Each of these archetypal cultural patterns reflects different assumptions about the "magic" of IT and the "wizards" who control its powers. These patterns are similar to social responses to the unknown that have been found in human cultures for hundreds of years. The metaphor itself was drawn from the language of the two organizations. All five archetypes were manifest in both of the companies studied, suggesting that organizations do not necessarily develop unified symbolic meanings of IT. Although separately each archetype invites novel insights into the management of IT in organizations, together they reveal even deeper interpretations consistent with contemporary theories of cultural differentiation and fragmentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910267251
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  • 24
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    Trying to improve communication and collaboration with information technology: An action research project which failed (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 317-332 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Discusses the use of information technology to facilitate communication and collaboration. In this action research project a groupware product called Lotus NotesTM was implemented to facilitate communication and collaboration amongst the senior management team. Although there was a real need for change, and the project received strong support from senior management on the basis that it would enable radical changes in coordination within the workgroup, these radical changes did not occur. The authors analyse the reasons for failure, and suggest that the project failed because of institutional forces which inhibited dramatic changes in work habits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910301621
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  • 25
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    Themes in early requirements gathering: The case of the analyst, the client and the student assistance scheme (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 44-70 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Discusses the qualitative analysis of a case study of analyst-client communications using grounded theory and themed analyses. Describes in detail the interaction that took place between an analyst and a client in a public sector agency in Tasmania, Australia. Uses a theatrical metaphor to give a representation that encompasses chronological and contextual aspects, providing an immediacy that enables the reader to appreciate how the interaction developed over time. Using concepts derived from the use of grounded theory techniques, demonstrates how these concepts and themes operated in this particular case. Concludes with a general discussion of themes and contextual influences as they occur in the case of the student assistance scheme and other cases studied by the author.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910250547
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    Social control in information systems development (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 130-150 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Examines sources of control over information system development decisions. Although past research has examined sources of internal organizational control that were solely determined by technical/rational goals, this article analyzes the symbolic role of social institutions in exerting control over system development decisions. Three regulatory mechanisms, developed by institutional theorists, are used to explain how specific social institutions exert their control. The mechanisms of coercive isomorphism, mimetic isomorphism and normative isomorphism help illustrate the types of social forces that enhance similarity of systems across organizations. Three conditions also are identified which moderate these effects: dependence on external institutions having control over an organization's resources; unclear performance standards for system development; and interaction patterns during development. These conditions imply that social control would differ greatly according to whether the major influences on the process of system development arise from within the organization or are imposed from external institutions. The examination of symbolic/institutional forces in system development is useful in both the evaluation of system effectiveness and the assessment of the "appropriateness" of managerial interventions in the process. Future research should empirically examine these manifestations of social control and their influence on system development decisions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910267189
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    The move towards a different career pattern: are women better prepared than men for a modern career? (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 21-28 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper challenges the common understanding of the word "career" in relation to the differences in male and female employment and seeks to show that women normally follow a career pattern which has characteristics of flexibility, change, transferable skills, part-time and temporary working. Some career patterns and theories are challenged in the light of more recent understandings of psychological perspectives and these theories are tested against current thinking on employment needs in the 1990s. The paper concludes that typical female employment patterns are what is required in today's economic climate and so women are more adaptable to the changes required. However, the down side of typical female careers is recognised as being an issue for discussion on employment values and rewards within society.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910255465
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    Women in leisure management: a survey of gender equity (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 121-127 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Previous research has highlighted women's unequal status in relation to management within a range of service sector industries. Leisure services, however, has remained an under-researched sector in spite of its growing significance to the economy and its increasing importance as an employer of women. This paper reports selected results from recent research examining gender equity in leisure management. The research, examined gender equity in leisure management and within the professional institute itself. The results demonstrate that women experience both structural and cultural constraints in attempting to secure management careers in leisure but that they remain optimistic about the future. Analysis of the results indicates that this optimism may be misplaced in an industry where women are encouraged to accept large amounts of senior management responsibility for middle management salaries, where routes to promotion remain unclear, and where organisational culture is informed by the dominant "locker room culture" of male sport.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910274789
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    Incorporating feminist theories into sociological theories of entrepreneurship (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 54-62 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Feminist critiques can provide new insights into organizational theories by examining the historical context in which these theories emerged, the research methods in which the theories are grounded, and the assumptions underlying the theories themselves. This paper applies a feminist critique to sociological theories of entrepreneurship. First, the sociological theories are described, focusing on the effects of political factors, state policies, culture, spatial location, and professionalization on entrepreneurship. This is followed by an analysis of these sociological theories investigating the values embedded in these theories and demonstrating how they can take gender relations into consideration. Finally, several directions for future research are discussed along with the potential feminist theories which have to produce change at the societal level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910261396
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    Negotiating in China: some issues for Western women (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 115-120 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article addresses some issues for Western women in negotiating with individuals and organisations in China. To be successful in a Chinese negotiation requires an awareness and understanding of cultural differences, and negotiation characteristics and behaviour to avoid any misunderstanding or tension. Research results show that there are no major hurdles for Western women negotiators in China. There are, in fact, advantages if they follow a few guidelines. These include having a professional and businesslike approach and understanding the cultural characteristics of a Chinese negotiation. The advantages include being easily noticed, remembered and receiving concessions more readily than Western men. As a result, the negotiation receives more attention and consideration, thus facilitating the achievement of the negotiation goals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910274770
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    The women in blue (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 128-135 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article reports a study conducted in Pakistan with the assistance of the police service there on the reasons why women police officers enter this profession, given that policing in Pakistan is traditionally hostile towards women, and the tactics they employ in order to gain promotion. It outlines the difficulties in attempting to conduct research on this topic as baseline data did not exist, prior to this study, on women in the police in Pakistan. In general, the reasons given by the interviewees who took part in the study for taking up a career in the police service, were to ensure personal security and to help other women. The article discusses the problems posed for policewomen's career progression, which includes glass walls and glass ceilings, the need for women's policing to be segregated from that for men, the lack of experiential training and numbers. It concludes by proposing some modest steps which could be taken to improve opportunities and progression for policewomen in Pakistan.
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    Designing organizational solutions to integrate work and life (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 164-177 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: In September 1996, Fleet Financial Group and the Radcliffe Public Policy Institute undertook a one-year pilot project addressing a "dual agenda" - reexamining work processes to achieve positive business outcomes while also helping employees better integrate work responsibilities with life outside of work. The chosen sites for the experiments were a retail/small business banking unit and a portfolio management unit. Radcliffe-Fleet Project researchers employed two key methods: dual context and action research. Using this methodology, interventions and measures of success of the interventions were developed collaboratively with management and employees. Even in these competitive, deadline-driven work environments, quantitative measures and qualitative assessments at each site showed a positive relationship between business outcomes and quality of life outcomes. The researchers develop guidelines for companies interested in replication of this project. Several principles are also identified for sustaining the success of effective work-life integration interventions and institutionalizing the "dual agenda" in the workplace.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429910281934
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    Organisational change mediated by e-mail and Intranet: An ethnographic study (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 9-26 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Reports preliminary results from an ethnographic study of a consultative process in an Australian university during 1997. By providing a "virtual discussion forum" an organisational support system (OSS), based on e-mail and Intranet, was expected to enable equal participation in the consultative process, freedom of expression ("everybody will have their say and will be heard") and to contribute to more participative and consensus-based decision making. The analysis of data collected (messages, documents, interviews, notes) suggests that the OSS was not used uniformly across the institution by departments, groups and individuals. Different modes of use of the OSS identified related to contextual features, such as democratic versus authoritarian management traditions, the sharing of power versus authority of power, the culture of consultation versus obedience to superiors. It was found that these contextual features conditioned the modes of use and consequently the role OSS played in the process. On the other hand, it was observed how, in the course of the process, the OSS affected these contextual factors themselves.
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    The fiction of methodological development: a field study of information systems development (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 176-191 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper describes the findings of a field study that explores the process of information systems (IS) development in a large organization. The paper argues that traditional IS development methodologies are treated primarily as a necessary fiction to present an image of control or to provide a symbolic status, and are too mechanistic to be of much use in the detailed, day-to-day organization of systems developers' activities. By drawing on the insights gained from this study, the paper outlines some implications for IS development methodologies. A secondary purpose of the paper is to illustrate the use of an "ecological" research approach to IS development as advocated by Shneiderman and Carroll.
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    Need to know; allowed to know - The health care professional and electronic confidentiality (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 276-286 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper deals with a problem relevant to the development and use of the Electronic Patient Record, and in particular looks forward to the time when such records are shared between large numbers of health carers. It asks questions concerning decision-making about how much of the health care record an individual Health Care Practitioner of any stated specialism (notionally in the British National Health Service, but generally applicable) should be able to see of the record, in relation to his or her perceived need. The authors conclude that a Health Care Practitioner meeting the criteria for a Health Care Professional should largely determine the information he or she needs to allow the practice of good health care ("need-to-know"). On the other hand those whose work does not accord them Health Care Professional status should, where appropriate, be granted access to data by the Health Care Professionals for whom they work ("allowed-to-know"). Finally, it presents and briefly describes an object-oriented model to illustrate the authors' conclusions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910278411
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    On the social implications of organizational reengineering: A phenomenological study of individual experiences of BPR processes (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 359-389 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This work employs a phenomenological approach to investigate how people experience the radical transformation of their work lives caused by reengineering (BPR) processes. The common essences of the experiences of three co-researchers are synthesized into a composite textural-structural description of the reengineering phenomenon. The analysis of the rich, multidimensional information offered by participants reveals that reengineering projects elicit complex experiences involving a multitude of horizons. In particular, the analysis suggests that, by taking the discourse of efficiency to extremes, reeengineering ends up by unveiling the conflicts inherent in the arrangements that generally characterize workplace. This proposition goes beyond the traditional belief that the basic reason for resistance in BPR projects is the fear of layoffs or the modification of power arrangements. Indeed, such factors seem to be part of the problem. It is also necessary to understand the important role of the crisis that reeengineering may generate in individuals' ongoing process of sense making.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849910301612
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    Are families a career liability? (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 159-163 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This study examined the effects of marital and parental status on a number of work and psychological well-being measures. Data were collected from 792 women graduates of a single Canadian school of business. Respondents tended to be in the early career stage. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated more effects of parental than marital status on these outcomes. In addition, the pattern of findings almost always showed that being married or having children had negative career consequences for these professional and managerial women.
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    Equal opportunities policies - making a difference (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 212-219 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: To what degree an organization both embraces the ethos of equal opportunities and backs it up with an investment in sound policies may be expected to have an impact on both the progress of women in management and their experience in the workplace in that organization. This paper compares how women managers fare in two organizations, one with a developed equal opportunities policy and one that has none. It also considers the limits of applying the business case concept of equal opportunities and the problems of a diversity approach and it explores the ways women themselves articulate gender issues according to the discourses they have available to them. It concludes that, while restrictive in its implementation, women managers are more able to articulate their needs and fare better in an organization with an equal opportunities policy than in one without.
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    Senior female international managers: breaking the glass border (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 264-272 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The experience of women in international management - especially within a European context - has received little attention in the international human resource management literature. In particular, there is a dearth of empirical research which details the role and career moves of the senior female international manager. The particular focus of this paper is on the senior female international managerial career move in Europe. A total of 50 senior female expatriate managers were interviewed, representing a wide range of industry and service sectors. The article highlights a number of covert and overt barriers which the interviewees believed limit women's international career opportunities. The findings indicate that it is timely for organisations to face and address the difficulties female managers encounter in their progression to senior managerial positions in order to ensure that future opportunities for progression to senior management is equal to that of their male counterparts.
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    The work/family interface at Royal Bank Financial Group: successful solutions - a retrospective look at lessons learned (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 186-194 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This retrospective analysis of the development of work-family-life and flexibility initiatives at Royal Bank Financial Group (RBFG) examines the factors that lead to success. Using internal and external research, quantitative and qualitative measures and benchmarking, RBFG has continued to build upon its original business case, dispelled myths and obtained buy-in from stakeholders. Employees and managers have consistently reported positive results from work-family-life initiatives such as dependent care programs, flexible work arrangements and manager tools, training and supports. A chronological profile of the initiatives and highlights from several studies, including RBFG's two Impact Assessments on Flexible Work Arrangements, are presented within a historical context.
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    Occupational stress in women general practitioners and practice managers (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 220-230 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Examines the sources of stress associated with high levels of job dissatisfaction and mental health among practice managers and women general practitioners, and compares the job satisfaction, mental health and job stress among practice managers and women general practitioners. Women general practitioners (n = 75) and practice managers (n = 51) completed anonymous questionnaires. Lack of communication and co-operation between colleagues and staff were the main sources of dissatisfaction and lack of mental wellbeing for both groups. In addition, wishful thinking coping factor was predictive of job dissatisfaction and mental ill-health. There was no significant difference between practice managers and women general practitioners on the mental health scale. Women general practitioners experienced less job satisfaction with regard to the amount of work, and hours of work than the practice managers. There may be substantial benefit in initiating a support network system for these professionals.
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    Workplace diversity management in a multicultural society (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 307-315 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper reports on an exploratory study into the extent of diversity management initiatives in organizations in one Canadian city. Diversity management originated in the USA where it is reportedly being embraced by many organizations and where it has become the basis of a large consulting business. Although a diverse workforce and workplace diversity management are often argued to be critical to organizational competitiveness, little is known about how Canadian organizations are reacting.
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    Women in construction: a comparative investigation into the expectations and experiences of female and male construction undergraduates and employees (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 273-292 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: nvestigates whether career expectations of women in construction change once they begin working in the industry, in comparison to men. Focus group interviews and a literature review formed the basis for developing a survey questionnaire. The results revealed that professional women had higher expectations and were more committed to remaining in the construction industry than female students. Female students had significantly higher financial expectations than male students, while male students had significantly higher expectations in relation to the number of people they expect to supervise. Professional men were responsible for supervising significantly more people than professional women. The findings also suggest that there are fewer women in the construction industry over the age of 36 years, in comparison to men. It is recommended that this area of research should be developed further.
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    Sex equality in the financial services sector in Turkey and the UK (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 14 (1999), S. 325-333 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: In the UK and other western countries the financial services sector is seen as offering women better career prospects than most other sectors. Unprecedented numbers of well-qualified young women are now achieving promotion to first-line and middle management positions. Companies are represented as progressive employers, committed to promoting equal opportunities. However, a cross-cultural study of three Turkish and six UK banks and high street financial organisations explores how organisational ideologies and cultures operate to perpetuate inequality, based on managers' gendered conceptions of "the ideal worker". Favoured staff were identified, sponsored, promoted and rewarded, often based on their personal affinity with senior managers rather than objective criteria. This distinction between favour and exclusion operates not only along the traditional lines of gender, class, age, sexual orientation, religion and physical ability, but also along the new dimensions of marriage, networking, safety, mobility and space. Despite local and cross-cultural differences in the significance of these factors, the cumulative disadvantage suffered by women managers and supervisors in both countries was remarkably similar.
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    A further exploration into information systems development: the evolution of Multiview2 (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 124-139 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Multiview was defined in 1985 and has been since refined to become an influential approach to information systems development. It has soft and hard aspects and, as a contingency approach, is not prescriptive but adapted to the particular situation in the organization and the application. Observations and reflections on Multiview in action over the last ten years together with more recent literature based on, for example, holism, emergence, multi-causality, ethical analysis and technology foresight, form the basis for a new definition of Multiview. Changes in the domain of information systems are also taken into account. Away from centralized technology, long lead times and hierarchical organizations, towards networks, new organizational forms, business processes, informational products and services, and the removal of time and space constraints on human activity. This paper underlines the need for IS researchers to learn about methodologies as they are used in practice (rather than as described in text books) and for methodologies to evolve in response to changes in the domain in which they are applied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810218319
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    The importance of organisational issues in systems development (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 104-123 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: A survey of senior and influential IT managers explored the related questions of why some senior IT professionals perceive organisational issues to be more important than technical issues, and whether this has a concomitant impact on the treatment of organisational issues. An overall response rate of 63 per cent was achieved from a combined survey of two distinct groups. The results show that there are significant differences in managers' perceptions about the importance of organisational issues which can, to some extent, be explained in terms of organisational size, and to a lesser extent by the favoured development approach. However, these differences in perception appear to have no identifiable relation to the significant differences in the approaches adopted for treating organisational issues. It is suggested that this is due to the difficulties in treating such issues and further research to resolve these difficulties is proposed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810218300
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    Waves of change in adopting the Internet: Lessons from four Latin American countries (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 235-260 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The popularity and explosive growth of the Internet during the past few years have convinced many countries to take a closer look at its potential for aiding economic development. The existing literature presents an aggregate story of success, but the ways in which different countries are adopting these new technologies have received little critical attention. This empirical study of four Latin American countries - Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador and Peru - delineates a five-phase development process during which each country sustained the momentum of its evolving strategy, grew in competence to forge technological solutions, and gained access to the Internet. The four countries' original goals changed over time, but through experience they perceived new opportunities and established evolving Internet strategies that form the bases of new technological services provided at the national level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810228039
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    Cyberspace and Heidegger's pragmatics (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 338-350 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article focuses on some of the implications of Heidegger's pragmatism for information technology analysis and critique. I survey Heidegger's transformation of Enlightenment notions such as identity, proximity, community, disembodiment, pattern, representation and utopia to the phenomenological concepts of Dasein, care, being-with, corporality, praxis, disclosure and the not-yet. Each of these concepts return us to the issue of practice.
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    Do women and men communicate differently at work? An empirical study in Hong Kong (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 3-10 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Some studies, mainly in the West, have suggested that women are more encouraging in their communication styles than men, especially when the conversation is about a personal matter versus when it is business-related. It has also been contended that same-sex communication between women is more supportive than both mixed-sex communication and same-sex communication between men. However, this research, conducted in Hong Kong among full- and part-time tertiary students, shows that the above contentions are perhaps culture dependent, and that careful re-examination of gender-based differences is warranted, particularly when one is considering communication styles at work.
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    Women in management: a Malaysian perspective (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 11-18 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Surveys of women in management postitions in the USA and elsewhere have indicated a notion of masculine managerial model of "organizational man". Malaysia presents an interesting case study on attitudes towards women managers because it is a society undergoing rapid changes from its strong traditional religious and cultural norms to modern values about women. This study focuses on the perceptions of Malaysian men and women executives about the female managers in corporate Malaysia. Specifically, the study examines the organizational environment for women managers in Malaysia, how men and women at different ranks feel about women's advancement in the organization, the differences in the leadership styles of men and women managers and their effectiveness in achieving organizational goals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810369596
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    Should we teach women to interrupt? Cultural variables in management communication courses (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 37-44 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The "universal" principles of effective communication taught in most management communication courses - directness, simplicity, forcefulness - are, from an inter-cultural perspective, American and male. Should women students of business be taught to imitate the speech behaviour stereotypically associated with American businessmen? Or is the behaviour stereotypically associated with women equally, or even more, effective in business situations? Because there is little research to support the masculine model of business speech, because coercing women to change their speech produces pedagogically unwarranted stress, and because the feminine stereotype is actually better suited to global business communication, this paper argues that business and management communication should be taught from a gender-independent postmodern approach.
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    Hours spent on household tasks by business school graduates (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 105-113 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: It has been suggested that household and family responsibilities may adversely impact the career success achieved by women. This paper examines the number of hours spent weekly on household tasks by male and female business school graduates. Analysis of variance and multiple regression revealed that the presence of children increases the number of hours spent on household tasks by all graduates, but the effect is most pronounced for female graduates. The presence of children adds from three to ten hours per week to the workload of male graduates and from ten to 20 hours per week to the workload of female graduates. Effective organizational initiatives and changes in expectations within families and society are needed so that graduates of business schools, particularly women, can accommodate the careers for which they have been educated as well as their household responsibilities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810215848
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    British South Asian women managers and professionals: experiences of work and family (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 221-232 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Even though an increasing number of British South Asian women have moved into paid employment over the years as a reflection of social and cultural mobility and change, their work-family experiences are not widely reported. This paper examines the experiences of British South Asian full-time managerial or professional women combining work and family life. A qualitative study based in the north-west of England was conducted utilising semi-structured interviews with 17 women. Five themes are discussed: cultural influences on domestic responsibilities; additional responsibilities and commitments to extended family and community members; work-family priorities and "superwoman syndrome"; stereotypes of roles and responsibilities at work; and experiences of discrimination. Managerial or professional British South Asian women are subjected to the same cultural family commitments and expectations as other non-professional British South Asian working women. Practical implications of the findings are related to managing diversity approaches and organisational culture change.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810232173
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    Managing the technology but not the organization: women and career in engineering (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 283-290 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper focuses on gender and technology in the organization. It considers some of the difficulties experienced by women building careers as professional engineers in a high technology industrial organization in England. Using career history data from 15 women engineers, the paper examines the experience of gender in the organization and the attempts by the women to manage gender relations. The paper argues that the difficulties were not associated with the culture of engineering work itself: the women could manage the technology. The problems lay rather in the organization itself. The gendered expectations and processes within the organization constituted the real dilemma for women's careers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810243144
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    An exploration of the current under-representation of senior women managers in Australian universities (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 291-298 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: More than a decade after Australian universities first responded to the requirements of the EEO/AA legislative framework, women remain marginalised and seriously under- represented in Australian universities. This paper provides a snapshot of the current status of women's participation in the senior levels of universities and examines some of the reasons why universities are still providing a "chilly climate" for women and other minority actors. It is argued that Australian universities can no longer afford to frustrate, alienate and marginalise some of their most creative organisational actors when they are facing a new era of rapid change and competition.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810243180
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    Packaged software development teams: what makes them different? (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 7-19 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Discusses the characteristics of packaged software versus information systems (IS) development environments that capture the differences between the teams that develop software in these respective industries. The analysis spans four levels: the industry, the dynamics of software development, the cultural milieu, and the teams themselves. Finds that, relative to IS: the packaged software industry is characterized by intense time pressures, less attention to costs, and different measures of success; the packaged software development environment is characterized by being a "line" rather than "staff" unit, having a greater distance from the actual users/customers, a less mature development process; the packaged software cultural milieu is characterized as individualistic and entrepreneurial; the packaged software team is characterized as less likely to be matrix managed and being smaller, more co-located, with a greater shared vision.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810204503
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    Armed truce: software in an age of teams (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 62-65 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: As software grows more complex, the role of teams looms ever larger, forcing software development organizations to confront the shifting balance between conflict and cooperation among programmers on a common project. This paper suggests that the degree of constructive conflict and dissent, rather than consensus, is the crucial variable in the success of packaged software teams. The composition and behaviors of the members of these teams also suggest the outlines of new forms of organization in innovation industries and rapidly-changing institutions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810204594
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    The distribution of computing: the knowledge markets of distributed technical support specialists (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 84-103 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Distributed computing environments place more computer power in the hands of the end-user, and often demand increased technical support. In response, organizations may choose to move technical support personnel close to end-users. This can isolate them from each other, and may limit their ability to share knowledge. Thus, the growth of distributed computing calls for increased ability to share knowledge across organizational boundaries. This paper presents the results of a case study investigating how distributed technologists share knowledge through knowledge markets. We argue that knowledge markets are cultural entities shaped by the underlying work culture of their participants, and that the cultural forces that define knowledge markets are powerful, deeply held and difficult to change. Thus, improving the effectiveness of any given knowledge market will have less to do with the installation of information technology than with the ability to create a facilitating work culture. This study's identification of clique knowledge markets, operating efficiently in parallel to the public knowledge market, may provide a hint of the type of culture that will create fewer knowledge trade barriers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810218292
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    Implementation of a knowledge-based agricultural geographic decision-support system in the Dominican Republic: a case study (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 174-193 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Effective land use management in lesser developed countries is problematic due to a variety of factors including inexperience and turnover of decision makers, lack of communication among experts in functional areas, and scattered or missing data needed by managers to make informed decisions. This paper describes a "first step" approach toward the solution of these problems that was implemented in the Dominican Republic. The paper introduces a framework used to organize and facilitate the sharing of data needed for land use decision across multiple disciplines. The framework provided the basis for the development of a prototype agricultural geographic decision support system for use in the Dominican Republic. This system is unique in that it combines concepts from semantic data modeling and database design, geographic information systems, and knowledge-based systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810227986
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    The impact of privatization on organizational information needs: Lessons from the Brazilian Telecommunications Holding Company (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 207-216 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Government-owned monopolies are disappearing all over the world. These monopolies have been shielded from external competitors since their creation, and their liberalization and privatization are shaping an important role for competitive intelligence. In this paper, we analyze telecommunication deregulation in Brazil to explain the changing organizational information and intelligence needs of Telebrás SA, the Brazilian holding company that manages the telecommunication monopoly.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810228002
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    Why we do not have to worry about speaking the language of the computer (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 281-289 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Proposes that while it is not unfeasible that we will be able to communicate directly with computers in ordinary language, it is highly unlikely that this will ever be achieved. As Heidegger pointed out, language is not normally used for the exchange of information but calls to attention some aspect of the world the language users already share. Without this experience of the world, computers are unable to place language in context. Moreover, humans continue to develop and experience, so the context for language is ever changing. This is the challenge for artificial intelligence researchers. Also discusses the practical consequences of this fundamental problem, current solutions and their social implications and dangers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810246101
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    Insistent emplacement: Heidegger on the technologies of informing (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 290-304 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Explores how the work of Martin Heidegger may be read alongside our contemporary understandings of information technology. It begins by considering the view of information as degraded knowledge, a position refuted by Heidegger's account of truth as correctness. Information is thereafter treated as a form of availability, grounded in the relation between humans and equipment, which is characterised by its insistence. A differentiation between various forms of equipment is made by way of Heidegger's later writings on technics, leading to a discussion of information technology in the shadow of enframing, or emplacement. The central place of "anxiety" in our relationship to new technologies is underscored, and offered up as a way of thinking beyond the escalation of calculative ordering.
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    Information technology and the institution of identity: Reflections since Understanding Computers and Cognition (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 351-372 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The author's previous work, itself based on the work of Martin Heidegger and then the Speech Act theorists grounded two important claims. First, computers are about communication, not computation or data processing. Second, communication is primarily about the coordination of commitments to act. This paper argues, as a review of the thinking in Understanding Computers and Cognition, that much is still to be learned about how speech acts work to structure commitments and how the interlinked structure of multiple commitments determines the kind of actions possible in any institution. The paper considers the way the Web establishes sites, virtual communities, and so forth. By referring to Hegel, Kierkegaard, and Heidegger on identity, the paper examines the sorts of identities virtual places are currently making possible and the development that virtual, identity forming practices will need to undergo if virtual sites are to act as real sites do.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810246156
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    Career barriers and the older woman manager (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 143-155 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Following the removal of the age retirement barrier in Australia, it is expected that more older workers will remain in the workforce beyond the age of 65. An important segment of this older workforce is the managerial and professional woman, aged in her 50s and part of the first generation of women to have had a long-term career. This paper reports on an investigation into the career and life decisions of 33 such women in Perth, Western Australia. The research looked at issues such as career histories and future work goals; impact of ageing process on career achievement, and retirement plans, and also examined the implications of barriers facing the older career woman. The research identified five related career barriers and goes on to examine the management and organisational implications of these barriers. The need to further develop career development models to include the varying circumstances and experiences of older women employees is also discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810219754
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    Factorial dimensions and differential effects of gender on perceptions of teleworking (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 253-263 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Teleworking has received increased attention around the world as a means to provide more balanced lifestyles, higher job satisfaction and increased work productivity. This study examines the factorial dimensions and differential effects of gender on the perceptions of advantages and disadvantages of teleworking to individuals and to organizations. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of IT professionals. Results showed that males perceived teleworking as enabling improvement in the quality of life and improvement in productivity/reduction of overheads to a greater extent than females. Implications of the results are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810237105
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    Integration or separation: women and the appliance of organisational culture (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 114-124 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Four decades ago, Whyte (1956) described how a new human expression had become universally evident. This was the notion of the "Organisation Man", an early corporate culture characterised by the middle ranks of - male - managers in large organisations, who were subject to a "social ethic". Gender was not an issue. However, in a contemporary view of corporate culture, it has become crucial to understanding both notions of competitive advantage, and the thesis and influence of individual commitment to the organisation.This article deals with the issue of gender and the corporate culture thesis. Unlike many studies there is a need to make a distinction between women and men concerning their organisational perceptions and roles in relation to the corporate culture thesis. The paper is an initial analysis of research material, dealing with the above issues in relation to gender in contemporary organisations. It examines a changing notion of corporate culture to one where both men and women are implicated in the project at a full emotional level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810215884
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    Career and life expectations of Chinese business students: the effects of gender (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 171-183 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The career and life expectations of male and female Chinese students and graduates of the Certified General Accountants (CGA) Canada program in China were explored using a survey and semi-structured interviews. The results of the survey were compared to data from students of a leading Canadian business school. Chinese students of both sexes show a much higher level of commitment to their careers than their Canadian counterparts. Despite this commitment, their qualifications, and the critical shortage of professionally trained people in China, female Chinese students are pessimistic about their prospects for career advancement. They cite negative stereotypes, lack of mentors and role models, isolation, and a lack of organizational policies enabling them to successfully fulfill their parental roles as major barriers. This is consistent with the North American literature on the "glass ceiling".
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    The nostalgia of virtual community: A study of computer-mediated communications use in Colombian non-governmental organizations (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 217-234 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper presents a study on the uses of computer-mediated communication (CMC) among non-government organizations (NGOs) in Colombia. Using an interpretivist framework, a case study of perceptions of users of CMC in NGOs affiliated with the Association for Progressive Communication service provider in that country was carried out. The results of the study reveal that users have conflicting attitudes toward their service provider, and that contrary to claims in the literature, the constitution of virtual communities through CMC is a complex process that does not necessarily result in strengthening democratization and development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810228020
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    From tool to: Agendas for managing the information infrastructure (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 305-327 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The recent managerial literature on the development of corporate infrastructures to deliver sophisticated and flexible IT capabilities is based on a set of assumptions concerning the role of management in strategy formulation, planning and control; the role of IT as a tool; the linkages between infrastructure and business processes; the implementation process. This paper deconstructs such assumptions by gradually enriching the conventional management agenda with new priorities stemming from other styles of taking care of infrastructures. The original, straightforward management agenda appears to be lacking: its foundations are irremediably shaken. The paper finally evokes a philosophy-based agenda, the only one valuable in the uncharted territory where the usual foundations do not deliver any longer. Such an agenda speaks a language of weak agency: releasement; dwelling with mystery; capacity to drop the tools; valuing marginal practices. Will the last agenda play a key role in coping with the information infrastructures of the next millennium?
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    Teams in packaged software development: The Software Corp. experience (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 36-61 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Packaged software companies evolve in an environment characterized by ever-shorter product life cycles and ever-increasing competition. Reaching the marketplace first is often the way to gain a competitive advantage. This situation leads many packaged software organizations to change both their (often sequential) software development processes and rely on (often cross-functional) teams. Reports on the software development practices of Software Corp., an organization developing software products for the travel industry, which experimented with several different approaches and finally implemented cross-functional development teams. Data presented show that changes in the software development process deeply affect many aspects of the organization. The conclusions emphasize the importance of considering the work culture and organizational history when implementing a new software development method and highlight the importance of clearly defining the roles and responsibilities of all groups involved and the necessity to modify the company's performance-appraisal system to promote and support the new organizational objectives embodied in the changes in software development methods.
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    Scheduling meetings using participants' preferences (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 140-151 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: A new approach to meeting scheduling is proposed. The assumption is that neither open nor closed systems are usually appropriate concerning an organization's employees meeting time. A latitude model is put forward in which employees' personal preferences are important. People may accept computer systems based on this model as more adequate scheduling tools than previous attempts. A prototype implementation is described.
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    Diffusion of information technologies and changes in the telecommunications sector: The case of Brazilian small- and medium-sized enterprises (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 194-206 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Brazil's telecommunications sector has been going through a process of privatization that will change conditions for information technologies (IT) diffusion among Brazilian firms. The impacts of privatization will be especially important to Brazilian firms that are still in the early stages of IT diffusion, such as small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The aim of this paper is to discuss the impacts of privatization of telecommunications on IT diffusion among Brazilian SMEs. The paper will first analyze the factors that stimulate SMEs to adopt IT, such as the positive impacts on competitiveness. The paper will then describe how the changes that are taking place in the telecommunications sector can influence IT diffusion. In the third section, the paper will consider the case of Brazil, discussing the specificities of IT diffusion in SMEs from developing countries. As a conclusion the paper will discuss how policy measures can be taken so that Brazilian SMEs can benefit from the changes in the telecommunications sector.
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    The World Wide Web's shadow of opportunity: A Heideggerian perspective of authenticity in the information age (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 328-337 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper will examine Heidegger's conditions for Dasein (human being) discovering its authenticity through acting in the world in such a way as to create meaning for itself through its relation to itself, others and the world. (I will follow Heidegger's convention of using the third person singular neuter pronoun form when referring to Dasein.) First, we will consider the relevancy of Heidegger's existential analysis and investigation of technology in the information age. We will then discuss structures of being in the world and examine inauthentic and authentic modes of being. Next, we will consider three modes of "fallenness" that prevent Dasein from realizing a meaningful relationship to itself, others, and the world, and how the World Wide Web contributes to these conditions. Finally, four principles for authentic being with the Web are proposed and discussed.
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    The role of team factors in software cost and quality: An empirical analysis (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 20-35 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper examines the impact of team factors in software development, such as the domain and language experience of the team members and the personnel capability of the team, on the costs and quality of the software products. The measure of the quality of the software products is based on the number of unique field problems that customers reported. The analysis, based on data collected on 37 software projects from a leading firm in the packaged software industry, indicates that software teams with higher levels of personnel capability exhibit significantly higher productivity and quality in the software products they deliver. A case study of one of the most successful package software development efforts at this firm highlights the important aspects of team dynamics in a highly successful software project.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849810204512
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    Mary, Mary quite contrary, how do women leaders grow? (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 67-71 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The author reflects on the experience of 50 top female chief executives working together during the NHS reforms in the UK and finds some dissonance with both traditional and present-day leadership theory and practice. Examining the processes of both personal growth and "seasoning" and organizational integration, she uncovers possible reasons for a perceived lack of fit with hegemonic expectations of leadership. She goes on to argue not for women to fit in, but for notions of leadership to mature.
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    Managing diversity: beyond affirmative action in Australia (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 133-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The term managing diversity is increasingly being used by Australian managers. It is a process which involves more than compliance with affirmative action legislation. This article identifies the major philosophical principles underpinning diversity management, the major ways in which it differs from affirmative action and the arguments for a diversity management approach. The process of building a culture which explicitly values differences between inidividuals operates at three levels: the strategic level, the managerial level and the operational level. The last section of the article examines some of the techniques which can be used at these three levels to effectively manage diversity. Examples from Australian organisations are used to illustrate these techniques.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810219763
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    Jobs for the girls? Change and continuity for women in high street banks (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 156-161 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Banks have significantly changed their public policies about women's access to management, to include career breaks and job sharing, with recruitment and promotion policies claiming equal opportunity for men and women. But has there been a revolution on the high street? A qualitative study of 40 women in banking explored questions of change and continuity with 20 clerical workers and 20 managers. From their perspective, men's power in higher management positions can still be used to obstruct women's advancement, and often contradicts the public policy that career and motherhood are compatible. New forms of dual labour market and gendered career routes are taking the place of old ones. These sideline women into less powerful and rewarding posts. They also create new divisions between women, privileging graduate entrants, but further obstructing clerical workers' career development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810370378
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    Leadership and power relationships based on culture and gender (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 208-216 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Leadership and power are often used to influence people's behavior. However, little is known about the degree and directional relationship between these two constructs and gender. Equally unknown is the degree of impact that culture and gender together may have on such a relationship. This paper attempts to establish an empirical relationship between these two constructs and culture along with gender. Baba and Ace's modified instruments on leadership and Hinkin and Schriesheim's instrument on five sources of power were used in surveying 486 students from four business schools in Korea and the USA to derive functional relationships between leadership and power. Results suggest there is a statistically significant relationship between power and leadership and that gender has an impact on that relationship. However, this study does not support the contention that gender plays an important role in cross-cultural environments; instead, it plays an important role only when considered within a specific culture.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810232155
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    Patterns in the policies: affirmative action in Australia (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Although affirmative action is often referred to as though it was an homogeneous entity, the reality is that affirmative action policies can take many different forms. To date, the variety of affirmative action policies that have been implemented in Australia has not been well-documented. In this paper, a framework is developed to describe the variety of affirmative action policies being implemented in Australia in the 1990s. The most frequently reported policies by Australian organisations concern reviewing employment policies for discriminatory practices. The next most commonly reported policies relate to companies' efforts to assist employees to balance the competing roles of work and family. Policies that seek to challenge traditional patterns of employment, and policies that seek to "fix" women are less commonly reported by organisations. The breaking down of affirmative action into various types of policies provides scope for more fully exploring the question of the effectiveness of affirmative action policies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810237088
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    Barriers to women's progression into nurse management in the National Health Service (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 184-191 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Women are failing to enter senior management levels across all occupational groupings. Barriers to the progression of women into nurse management (NHS) are examined. Substantial evidence of gender-based disadvantage is found. Women with dependent children, especially those working part-time, are located in the lower nurse grades irrespective of their qualifications and experience. The resultant outcome is one where otherwise comparable groups of female nurses experience unequal access to the nurse management grades. Three problems are identified: the low status of part-time work; inflexible working practices and management inertia. Therefore, despite rhetorical support for the introduction of initiatives which would overcome some of these barriers, little has materialised by way of introducing such initiatives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810221940
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    The impact of gender and its interaction with role and status on the use of tag questions in meetings (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 19-36 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The use of tag questions in speech has been hypothesised to make speech sound uncertain and tentative although Holmes (1984) suggests that there are three different types of tag questions and only one type is linked to uncertainty. Research on the issue of gender differences in tag question usage has produced confusing findings with some research indicating women use more tag questions, other research revealing men use more and some research finding no difference. The research on tag question use has identified role and power as important factors not just gender. The effects of the presence of the opposite sex on speech is a controversial area of study. Past research suggests that the use of tag questions is affected by whether the conversation is between members of the same sex or members of both sexes. The current study aimed to clarify the controversy of whether men or women use more tag questions, any possible effects of group composition and sought to extend research on the relationship of tag question use to role (chairperson or not) and power (highest status or not). The study was conducted at a power station in England. Ten business meetings which were all male, all female or mixed were tape recorded. From these tape recordings the tag questions were identified, transcribed and classified as modal, affective facilitative or affective softener according to the classification provided by Holmes (1984).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810369604
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  • 82
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    Position power and women's career advancement (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 53-66 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: An instrument for assessing job advancement potential in organizational contexts was developed and administered to a sample of professional females. The Power and Fast Track Job (PFTJ) scale included items measuring organizational power, employee recognition, mentorship, and job flexibility/autonomy. As expected, the PFTJ scale was found to be positively related to self-reported career success, perceptions of leadership ability, and company support for equal opportunities in the workplace. In addition, follow-up data indicated that scores on the PFTJ scale were useful in predicting subsequent job promotion or demotion in the current sample. These preliminary findings suggest that the PFTJ scale might have some potential utility as an assessment tool for female professionals seeking job advancement. However, women who rated their jobs as having greater power and fast track potential were also more likely to experience work/family role conflict, and reported less job satisfaction. The costs and benefits associated with jobs having advancement potential are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810208738
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    Sex-related differences of public relations managers in consumer goods companies in Greece and Italy (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 72-82 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper discusses sex-related differences in Greek and Italian public relations managers comparing individual characteristics, role, level of contact and perceived quality of relations with the various interfaces, allocation of their working time, difficulties encountered and solutions proposed. The results generally support the hypothesis that there is no difference between male and female Greek and Italian public relations managers, although the issues of environmental uncertainty and role ambiguity among women in public relations requires additional research.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810208747
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    The MBA as a bridge over the troubled waters of discrimination (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 95-104 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: It is still widely accepted that women managers are not catching up on their male peers with regard to seniority of position and pay. To learn more about the problem, a study was conducted into the career development of MBA graduates from one of the leading UK business schools. Of the 344 alumni who took part in the study, 96 were women. The respondents came from the UK and from many nations around the world. The career development of the graduates, their competences and their career aspirations were compared across those variables. Differences in performance based on discrimination due to gender were studied. Variables of career development of the graduates, their competences and career aspirations were compared for women and men. The findings indicate that studying for an MBA has a place as a vehicle to reduce discrimination and increase self-confidence of the individual. Results also indicate the potential value of having an MBA in dealing with discrimination due to gender in organisations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810215820
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    Where the rubber meets the road: performance evaluation and gender in large public accounting organizations (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 299-310 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This paper argues that performance evaluation is a major element of preserving the status quo of gender differences in public accounting organizations. Performance evaluation is problematized as part of several broader themes in order to more fully appreciate its importance within careers and the gender patterning of organizations. Results of a study involving reactions to a hypothetical staff auditor in charge of an over-budget audit engagement reveal significant gender differences. Implications for the gender neutrality of career management by large public accounting firms are drawn.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810243153
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    Use of career strategies by Filipino managerial women (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 217-220 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This study examined the use of a variety of career strategies by 200 Filipino managerial women. Data were collected using anonymously completed questionnaires. These women made considerable use of career strategies making greater use of those internal to those external to the organization. Managerial women using more career strategies worked more extra hours per week and participated in a greater number of training and development activities. In addition, these women were more satisfied with their careers and reported more optimistic career prospects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810232164
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    An application of human capital theory to salary differentials in the accounting profession (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 192-200 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: One of the justifications offered by neo-classical economics for gender-based wage differentials is the far greater probability that females will not be in continuous employment. This paper uses a model that estimates the extent to which salary differentials between male and female accountants can be explained by intermittent employment. The results show that about one-third of the observed differentials arises from female career breaks and that the wage discrimination observed in the accountancy profession is more likely to be a sociological than an economic phenomenon.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810221959
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    Social support during unemployment: are women managers getting a fair deal? (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 13 (1998), S. 264-273 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Aims to present the findings of a recent study into the availability of social support to unemployed female managers. It is widely recognised that social support is an important factor in determining well-being during unemployment, yet its role in managerial unemployment has received very limited attention. Previous research has demonstrated that social support is of particular importance to women, with a strong emphasis on emotional support. This paper investigates the experiences of 115 unemployed female managers in terms of social support, an area which, despite its importance, has to-date received no specific attention. The findings indicate that the social support available to unemployed female managers is not only unsupportive but is severely restricted because of their unique position in society.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429810237123
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    Against method-ism: Exploring the limits of method (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 31-45 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Provides a critique of method-ism - the view that methodology is necessary and sufficient for information systems' development success; method-ism presupposes also that systems developers understand the value of methodology and will prefer to work with it rather than without it. Argues, against method-ism, that method flows from understanding, and not the reverse. Hence method cannot be a substitute for understanding. Discusses the way in which humans tend to interact with the world by means of ready-to-hand tools, using the ideas of Heidegger and Ihde. Shows that tools are used only if available (ready-to-hand) in the world of doing. If a methodology is not ready-to-hand, it will break down and be ignored in the pragmatics of getting the job done. Presents a number of arguments why methodologies by design will tend to break down (not be ready-to-hand) and hence be discarded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710166147
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    The impact of gender on career success of information systems professionals: A human-capital perspective (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 63-86 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Recent projections by social scientists indicate that by the year 2000 almost half the work force will be comprised of women. Information systems (IS) literature reports that women are underrepresented: only about one-third of IS employees are female. This may suggest that IS women professionals may be engaging in practices that restrict their entry, promotion and retention. Attempts to examine the career success outcomes of men and women in IS using the human-capital paradigm. Presents results, based on the survey responses of about 348 employees in the IS field, which suggest that significant gender differences exist. For instance, women were found, on average, to be somewhat younger and less experienced then were men in lower-level positions and to receive lower salaries than do men even when age, work experience and job level were controlled. Moreover, women have fewer opportunities to interact with people outside their departmental boundaries. Discusses the relevance of these results and presents viable options for fostering the careers and improving the retention of women in the IS field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710166165
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    The truth is out there: the search for emancipatory principles in information systems design (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 187-204 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Examines how information systems design may enable progress towards the "ideal speech situation" where free and undistorted communication between equally empowered agents may take place and result in a consensus that has been rationally negotiated. Considers the assumptions of several current information systems design proposals which claim to encourage social reflexivity among the design participants. Develops an analysis of whether or not a systems based solution may be developed which is truly emancipatory for the individual living and working within an organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710178207
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    A soft system approach in introducing information technology: A case study of an international broadcasting programme in Japan (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 275-286 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Examines the use of the soft systems approach in introducing information technology for an international broadcasting programme. International broadcasting is an important system for transferring knowledge to people in diverse regions. Presents the soft systems methodology in a case example on how the news programme production of an international broadcasting organization in Japan deploys IT. Suggests that any IT deployment should consider the perspectives of IT beneficiaries, IT users, as well as the IT owners. Therefore, all relevant people must be included in the audience of the broadcasts in diverse regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710194669
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    Adoption versus abandonment of CASE tools: lessons from two organizations (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 316-329 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: In recent years, computer-aided software engineering tools (CASE) have emerged to provide automation support to the software development process. Such automation is a revolutionary progress which promises dramatic improvement in software quality and productivity. However, despite such promises, CASE tools have not proved to be effective in some organizations owing to the fact that far fewer efforts are expended by organizations on evaluation for selection and introduction of appropriate CASE tools. Proposes a conceptual model on CASE environment that is assembled from two distinct but related processes : "CASE selection" and "CASE adoption". Further argues that CASE adoption process will be affected if an organization fails to select appropriate CASE tools. Therefore, the success of CASE adoption is very much dependent on the process of CASE selection. Moreover, there is also a possibility that even a suitable CASE tool may not contribute positively, if it is not adopted systematically. Thus, if the CASE adoption fails then a CASE environment would not function. Against this background, cites two case studies describing the experiences of two organizations that adopted a particular brand of front-end CASE tool. One organization was successful in introducing the tool, and experienced considerable improvement in quality and productivity. Conversely, the same CASE tool failed to achieve its purpose in another organization. In the light of the model, further describes why and how CASE failed in one organization, and was considered successful in another. Finally, also highlights the lessons learned from their experiences.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710194696
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  • 94
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    Writing women into management or writing ourselves out: a dilemma for women as authors (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 12 (1997), S. 309-319 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Examines the response of the discipline of management to the problem of the underrepresentation of women in senior management. Analyses 14 leading scholarly management journals and demonstrates that the journals ignore the problem of women's underrepresentation and that this has important consequences for women. Women are largely underrepresented as authors in management journals and, when they do publish, they do not publish on the problems of women in senior management. Moreover, the exclusion of women in management as a topic in the journals does not appear to be positively influenced by the presence of female editors or the representation of women on editorial boards. Explores the manner in which the knowledge produced by women about women in senior management in journals such as Women in Management Review works in ways that are simultaneously liberating and self-disciplining. Concludes by posing a profound dilemma for women who, as a consistent first choice, choose to publish in "gender journals" such as Women in Management Review.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429710189902
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    A study of the tournament model with female managers (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 12 (1997), S. 3-10 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Reports the findings of the first study to test the tournament model of careers with female managers. Follows the careers of 3,800 women in a large internal labour market firm. Investigates the signals of early promotions, career velocity, education, tenure and entering position. Examines the relationships between these signals and career attainment. The results do not show the strong support of the tournament model that research with men has found. Using the variables previously found in the literature to be related to career attainment for men does not explain a major proportion of the variance for women. Suggests that the tournament model may not apply to women in organizations or women may be placed in different tournaments from men. Purports that women may have certain career paths on entering an organization regardless of the tournament rounds they win or that other signals affect women's career attainment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429710162884
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    Who does what at your place? Women educational leaders' experiences of gender-segregated work (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 12 (1997), S. 17-26 
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    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Draws on excerpts from interviews with six women teacher/leaders in Taranaki, New Zealand to explore arguments that in Western cultures men maintain power and control of the sexual division of labour in the home, which is allied to a sexual division of labour at work. Uncovers some of the links between the women's home and school experiences in their accounts of their negotiations of what have commonly been seen as contradictory subject positions of leader/wife; mother/career woman. Shows from the women's stories about their personal lives and aspirations, however, that for reasons that were quite complex, some of them were themselves maintaining gendered divisions of labour. Suggests some implications for further research.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429710162901
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  • 97
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    The telecommuting paradox (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 164-172 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Despite advances in information technology, telecommuting, or work away from the workplace (at home, on the road, etc.) via low-bandwidth telephone lines, remains an inhibited phenomenon. High bandwidth communication available at the workplace, on the other hand, enables members of virtual teams to collaborate with peers and share information and knowledge despite being dispersed at several work locations. Members of virtual teams thus substitute real proximity to information resources and to knowledgeable peers with virtual proximity and are better positioned for effective group collaboration than telecommuters. The "telecommuting paradox" is that, despite enormous improvements in IT, the prevalence of telecommuting is lower than expected. In an attempt to shed light on the paradox, focuses on the infrastructural factors that have affected telecommuting throughout its history.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710175002
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    Augmenting group sense making in ill-defined, emerging situations: Experiences, lessons learned and issues for future development (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 241-252 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Describes how, in ill-defined, emerging situations, team members struggle to make sense of the situation, react to stimuli from the external environment, and interact with each other and human artefacts to develop an interpretation of the environment. Presents a general model of this process, lessons derived from experiences in trying to support it, and issues for future development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710178216
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    The relationship between information technology and corporate financial reporting (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 11-30 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Argues that previous evaluative studies of the impact of information technology (IT) on accounting have focused too much on accountants, and thus have largely neglected broader social and organizational issues. Adopting a contingency perspective, investigates the relationship between IT and corporate financial reporting through the analysis of responses to a postal questionnaire survey of 1,515 UK public companies. Finds that IT use is associated more with internal reporting change (IRC) than with external reporting change (ERC), implying that IT use may have enlarged the information asymmetry between internal and external users. The association between IT use and IRC is found to be stronger in smaller companies than in large ones; and the correlation between IT use and ERC is found to vary depending on the existence of a management compensation plan, and to be conditional on the level of gearing. Discusses the implications of these findings.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710166138
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    National cultural differences in theory and practice: Evaluating Hofstede's national cultural framework (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 132-146 
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    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Examines the influence national culture has on the design of information systems through a comparative study of geographic information systems (GIS) design in the USA and Germany. Hofstede's (1980) dimensions of national culture provide the theoretical framework for this research. Applying Hofstede's dimensions, evaluates differences in the design documents and actual practice of design of King County, Washington, USA and Kreis (County) Osnabrück, Germany. The findings support Hofstede's characterization at the conceptual level of design documents, but indicate that the practice of design in the German county deviates considerably from Hofstede's characterization: whereas Germanic national cultural characteristics suggest a very regulated top-down design process, the actual practice of design in Kreis Osnabrück involves, in fact, a great deal of negotiations. They lead to the formalization of efforts and preparation of standards. These negotiations are obscured by the cultural emphasis on regulation, as Hofstede did indeed predict through high uncertainty avoidance. In comparison, the findings in King County support Hofstede's characterization that Anglo-American national culture involves negotiations at all stages of design. These findings lead to a reconsideration of Hofstede's national cultural dimensions. Formal design documents replicate national culture characteristics, obscuring the details of practice. Hofstede's national cultural dimensions provide a valuable framework, but the practice of design in both counties is ultimately a process of negotiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849710174986
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